A test programme looking into the residual mechanical properties of fire exposed high strength steels (HSS) has been presented in this study. Accurate predictions of the residual mechanical properties of fire exposed structures are necessary to develop a proper strategy for their restoration. A test programme was conducted to investigate the post-fire residual material properties of thermomechanical

The present paper describes a thorough experimental and numerical investigation into the net section failure and load-carrying capacities of S700 high strength steel staggered bolted connections subjected to tension. The experimental programme was carried out on fifteen S700 high strength steel double-shear staggered bolted connection specimens. The connection test setup and procedures as well as the

With the increasing use of stainless steel elements in construction, the need for comprehensive rules to enable their efficient structural design is clear. To date, the fire behaviour of stainless steel I-section beam–columns has been the subject of relatively little research. In particular, there is an absence of experimental data. To address this gap in knowledge, full-scale anisothermal fire tests

A modeling method of bolt connections considering micro-slip characteristics is presented based on the improved Iwan model in this paper. Furthermore, the Chebyshev polynomials are used as the admissible displacement functions to study the bolted flange cylindrical shell’s vibration characteristics by the Sanders’ shell theory. It is worth noting that the mechanical model of bolted joints takes into

Similitude theory has been applied to design scaled models in many fields of engineering. For laminated composite cylinders, the ply thickness is too thin to manufacture in scaled models, leading to similitude distortion. Meanwhile, this distortion problem cannot be solved with the traditional similitude method. The present study aims to propose a new similitude method to correct the distortion caused

With the advance of manufacturing techniques, quasi-perfect thin-walled structures with initial geometrical imperfections are widely used in engineering. However, much experience is needed to introduce proper perturbations to consider the impact of these undetermined imperfections on structural stability. In this paper, a symmetric secant stiffness method considering the accumulated stress gradients

EN 1993-1-1 gives stability design rules for columns, beams and beam–columns up to S460, whereas EN 1993-1-12 gives additional guidance for S500 up to S700. Recent studies show that high strength steel members may be designed using improved buckling curves, where the enhanced behaviour is usually attributed to the improved material properties but mainly due to the more favourable residual stress distribution

This paper deals with the problems of free vibration, buckling, and dynamic stability of rotating pre-twisted functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) imperfect beams in thermal environment. The imperfect beam contains different modes of geometric imperfections such as sine, global, and local modes, and it is restrained by an elastic root. Three types of CNTs distributions

Concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) structures have become a viable alternative to reinforced concrete or steel structures due to several advantages. One of the most important is the confinement effect of the concrete core provided by the steel tube. However, this beneficial composite action will be probably weakened by debonding, so reliable formulations to predict the reduced ultimate resistance

Steel–concrete–steel composite structures with bidirectional thin-walled webs (SCSBWs) are used to build large-scale structures. The presence of steel webs causes notable differences in shear behavior compared to other types of steel–concrete–steel (SCS) composite structures. In this paper, the shear–slip behavior of SCSBWs is studied through experiments and numerical simulations. Particularly, the

High strength steel (HSS) is commonly available in the form of steel plates. The built-up box tube with sharp corners which is welded from four steel plates is usually fabricated for construction. The stress concentration factor (SCF) is crucial for the determination of the hot spot stress range which governs the high-cycle fatigue resistance of tubular joints. This paper presents experimental and

Based on the geometrically exact beam theory, a first-order shear deformable curved beam element is developed for geometrically nonlinear analysis of functionally graded (FG) curved beams. In order to accurately predict the distribution of transverse shear stress, the stress equilibrium condition is introduced into the element formulation by using the mixed finite element method with displacements

As a highly promising lightweight material, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) composites have been widely used in aerospace, marine and automotive industries, which could expose to low or high thermal environments with varying material properties. This study investigated the effects of temperature variation ranging from −30 °C to 160 °C on tensile properties of CFRP experimentally and theoretically

A comparative assessment of two sets of refined higher order theories, one with only shear deformation and another with both shear and normal deformations, is presented for the first time for the thin and moderately thick, CNT-reinforced cylindrical shell panels. The comparisons are also made with simple first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The governing equations for static and free vibration

In the current article, dynamic behavior of functionally graded saturated porous rotating thick truncated cone is investigated for the first time. It is assumed that porosity distributions along the thickness are (1) symmetric nonlinear, (2) nonlinear asymmetric and (3) uniform distributions. The Biot poroelastic law instead of Hooke’s law is used to model the constitutive equations. Also, 2D axisymmetric

riveted–adhesive hybrid joining technique is suitable for joining dissimilar material due to excellent performance and tightness of the joint. In this paper, electromagnetic self-piecing riveted–adhesive hybrid joining method was proposed to join Al/steel structure. The mechanical properties and failure behavior of electromagnetic self-piecing riveting, adhesive and its hybrid joints were compared

Concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns possess lower self-weight, higher ductility and energy absorption than conventional concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) ones. The use of high-strength concrete (HSC) can further enhance their advantages, such as greater mechanical and economical benefits. However, there is little information on the structural performance of CFDST columns with

This article presents an effective computational approach that incorporates a quasi-brittle damage model into the isogeometric analysis of plates made of functionally graded materials. The plate kinematics is represented by a third-order shear deformation theory for higher accuracy. A coupling nonlocal equivalent strain field is introduced on the plate neutral surface to control the softening behavior

Cold-formed steel (CFS) unlipped channel sections are commonly used as bearers in floor systems while rectangular hollow sections (RHS) are used as joists. The transverse loads from the joists do not pass through the shear centre of channel bearers due to different joist to bearer and bearer to column connections. Hence, the channel bearers are subjected to torsion in addition to concentrated loads

Tanks and silos are often designed as ring-stiffened cylindrical shells. Nowadays, the load-increasing effect of closely spaced ring stiffeners under axial compression has received limited attention in research and practice. Considering the structural safety, the ring-stiffened shell needs to be estimated on the conservative side in practice. This is not desirable in terms of modern lightweight steel

This paper presents a three-dimensional mixed beam element formulation for fully nonlinear distributed plasticity analysis of members composed of sections with no significant torsional warping such as steel angles and tees. This formulation is presented using a corotational total Lagrangian approach and implemented in the OpenSees corotational framework. In this context, a basic coordinate system is

The transfer joint is the key structurally functioning part of the transmission tower. The reliability of the transfer joint directly affects the stress and deformation characteristics of the whole tower structure. This paper studies experimentally and numerically the performance of a novel steel transfer joints formed with the integration of single- and double-angles respectively at the upper and

This study presents a comprehensive finite element (FE) analysis of cold-formed high strength steel (CFHSS) tubular T-joints. The brace members of tubular T-joints were made up of rectangular (including square) and circular hollow sections (RHS and CHS), whereas the chord members were made up of RHS. The nominal yield strengths (i.e. 0.2% proof stresses) of the tubular members were 900 and 960 MPa

The paper presents the results of studying circular cylindrical shells partially filled with an ideal liquid and subjected to uniform external and internal hydrostatic pressure. The behavior of an elastic structure and a compressible fluid is described in the framework of the classical nonlinear theory of shells, based on the Kirchhoff – Love hypotheses, and the Euler equations. The problem is solved

This study experimentally explored the torsional behaviour of 33 specimens, which comprises of 18 concrete filled steel tube (CFST), 9 steel tube (ST) and 6 concrete (C) specimens. The length to diameter (L/D) ratio was 7.14 while the ratios of diameter to thickness (D/t) were 60.9, 46.7 and 40.0. The compressive strength of the infill concrete was 24.2 MPa (normal) and 33.3 MPa (relatively high).

In this paper, flutter of geometrical imperfect functionally graded carbon nanotubes (FG-CNTs) doubly curved shell subjected to a supersonic flow is investigated. For this purpose, the imperfect doubly curved shell is reinforced by four different carbon nanotubes (CNTs) distributions in the thickness direction. The Hill’s elastic moduli are used to obtain the effective material properties of FG-CNTs

An improved identification method is proposed for the modal parameter identification of multi-modal vibration attenuation signals based on the analytical mode decomposition and the particle swarm optimization. Through examples of analog signals, it is proved that the proposed method can identify modal parameters under a strong colored noise environment. Field tests were carried out on four in-service

This article presents an effective and simple approach based on the four-variable refined plate theory (RPT) and isogeometric analysis (IGA) for bending and free vibration analyses of multilayer functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced composite (FG GPLRC) nanoplates. The Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory is employed to take account of the size-dependent effect of nanoplates. Different distribution

Thermo-mechanical properties of the functionally graded materials (FGMs) are the pivotal role to improve their service lives exposed to some extraordinary thermal circumstances. An analytical procedure to explore the thermo-mechanical interaction involving the micro-scale effect is proposed for the first time in this work. The governing equations are firstly constructed in a cylindrical coordinate

Steel-plate composite (SC) panel consists of two steel plates, a core concrete, and various types of mechanical connectors. The SC panel demonstrates the high bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity against impact loading. This paper put forwards an improved two-degree-of-freedom (TDOF) mass–spring–damper model to evaluate the impact response of the SC panel. The derivations and verifications

The present work focuses on the prediction of initial stiffness and strength of bolted beam-to-column connections between pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) profiles using stainless steel cleats — the first part (Martins et al., 2021) of this two-part paper presented an experimental study on the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of beam-to-column connections, while this second part focuses

The Direct Strength Method (DSM) in AISI S100 and AS/NZS 4600 is a newly developed alternative design method to the Effective Width Method in calculating the design moment capacity of cold-formed steel channels. The DSM uses elastic buckling stresses with an appropriate strength curve to calculate the design moment capacity. However, the current DSM design equation has been calibrated for channels

The anisotropy and heterogeneity of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites contribute to their complex failure characteristics, posing challenges for predicting their impact failure behavior. In this study, high-fidelity finite element models are established to predict the performance of laminated and woven composite panels impacted by a metallic projectile, with consideration of strain-rate

The results of unique experimental studies of buckling of dented axially compressed unstiffened cylindrical shells are provided in the suggested paper. The dimple-like geometrical imperfections of different shape, size, deflection amplitude, and number of dents were created on cylindrical shells before axial loading. The initial deflection amplitude varied in the wide range, up to several shell thicknesses

This paper presents a modified variational method for the dynamic analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric (FGPM) deep curved beams with porosity (FGPP beam) resting on an arbitrary number of discrete elastic foundations (EFs). The material properties including the electrical and porous property are assumed to continuously vary in the thickness direction. A modified principle is developed to impose

This paper analytically and experimentally investigates the random vibration problem of pretensioned rectangular membrane structures under heavy rainfall. An analytical model is firstly proposed. In this model, the heavy rainfall is modeled as a series of discretized pulse load whose amplitude follows the non-Gaussian distribution; then, the nonlinear governing equation and corresponding Fokker Planck

Anisotropic doubly-curved shells reinforced with a honeycomb core are innovative structures for applications in civil, biomedical, and aerospace engineering. In this context, the homogenization technique represents one of the simplest way for analyzing such complex structures. A proper formulation must be capable to give accurate results for any cell configuration and/or curved shape. In the present

A theoretical approach for predicting the ultimate resistance of aluminium alloy members subjected to local buckling under uniform compression is presented focusing the attention on box sections. Starting from the J2 deformation theory of plasticity, the theory of plastic buckling of plates is presented including, as an original contribution, also the variability of the Poisson’s ratio depending on

A thorough testing and numerical modelling programme has been conducted to investigate the minor-axis flexural buckling behaviour and resistances of pin-ended hot-rolled stainless steel channel section columns. The testing programme included material coupon tests, membrane residual stress measurements, initial global and local geometric imperfection measurements and ten pin-ended channel section column

Cold-formed steel (CFS) claddings are increasingly used in bushfire prone areas in Australia due to their non-combustibility and are recommended in the Australian standard AS 3959 for the design of buildings in bushfire prone areas. Thus, good knowledge and understanding of their behaviour at elevated temperatures is important for the safe design of buildings. However, the elevated temperature mechanical

Meshfree formulation based on the element free Galerkin method (EFGM) in conjunction with moving kriging (MK) shape function is employed to investigate buckling and parametric instability behaviour of shear deformable isotropic and laminated composite trapezoidal plates subjected to different types of non-uniform periodic edge compressive loads. Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the governing

This study aimed to explore the anti-blast performances of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy circular tubes coated with polyurea. First, quasi-static and dynamic mechanical performance experiments of AP103-type polyurea were carried out, and the basic mechanical parameters of AP103 type polyurea were obtained. The results showed that this type of polyurea has significant super-elastic characteristics at low strain

Composite beams comprised of steel sections and concrete slabs, are one of the most widely used beams due to their advantages such as improving stiffness and strength compared to bare steel or reinforced concrete beams. Moreover, another important advantage of such beams is to prevent buckling of steel section by placing it under tension, which is especially important for low-thickness steel sections

In-plane bucking and nonlinear elastic theories of PS (Pre-stressed) beams subject to not only compression induced by a tendon cable but also to external forces are newly formulated. The system consists of a simply supported/cantilever steel beam, a straight cable with constant eccentricity, anchorages, and multiple deviators. In particular, the effects of having either un-bonded or bonded deviators

Buckling damage is one of the biggest safety issues for subsea pipelines. Buckling behaviors of the subsea pipeline with integral buckle arrestors under external pressure are studied experimentally and numerically herein. Pressure chamber tests of four full-sized pipeline with identical thickness and different diameters are presented. An emerging vector form intrinsic finite element method (VFIFE)

In this research a general model to study the vibration behavior of axially moving two-dimensional continuums in the presence of curvature along the moving axis is developed. To this end, an axially moving doubly-curved panel of variable radius of curvature is considered. The integral boundary value problem is obtained based on a higher-order shear deformation with first-order thickness stretching

Aluminium members are recently being used as main structural elements in residential, commercial and industrial buildings. Aluminium Lipped Channel Beam (LCB) is one of the popular thin-walled sections used in different applications in construction. Web openings are incorporated in these sections to accommodate building services when they are used as beams. Even though the bending, shear and web crippling

In this study the energy absorption of elastomeric foam-filled aluminum honeycomb under quasi-static compression loading and low velocity impact was experimentally investigated. Commercially available Al honeycomb made of Al5052 H38 filled with elastomeric polyurethane foam was used as the specimens. Pure polyurethane had a shore hardness of 30A and to make it foam, different volume fraction of glass

The flexural behaviour of cold-formed ferritic stainless steel (CFFSS) closed built-up beam composed of lipped channel sections orientated face to face was examined numerically, using a finite element (FE) package ABAQUS. The developed FE models were first validated against the experimental data collected from the literature before performing the desired parametric study. Thirteen different sections

A novel bi-graded honeycomb was proposed by introducing both in-plane and out-of-plane thickness gradients into a regular honeycomb. The graded honeycombs were additively manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) with polylactic acid (PLA) and then tested for axial crushing. Numerical simulation models were constructed through LS-DYNA and validated using experiment results. Based on the super

Substantial research has been conducted in the last years into the structural responses of cold-formed and hot-rolled stainless steel equal-leg angle columns, whereas there is no experimental data on laser-welded stainless steel angle columns despite these sections being increasingly used in the modern construction industry. To fill this gap and provide benchmarks for design, a comprehensive experimental

Hot-dip galvanizing is one of the most common corrosion protection techniques for steel. This widely available method increases the lifetime of steel structures by up to 50 years. Although there is a well-established method for hot-dip galvanizing of structural mild-steel, the effects of this method on mechanical properties of high and ultra-high strength steels (HSS and UHSS), with nominal yield strength