The visualization and analysis of massive, multi-source, multi-dimensional, heterogeneous, dynamic, and complex spatial data is playing an increasingly important role in 3D scene and geological modeling. There are great differences in various research fields regarding data acquisition techniques, morphological descriptions, and application purposes of spatial objects. Therefore, based on an existing

One of the most significant challenges when tunneling in rock is predicting the true tunneling conditions along the alignment. Prior to excavation, engineers rely on sparse borehole information and a knowledge of the regional geology and tectonics to estimate anticipated tunneling conditions and associated spatial uncertainty. As more data become available during excavation, in some projects, geologists

The development of mining and underground excavations under high stress conditions, where the occurrence of seismic events may induce sudden energy release, has generated new challenges and additional research related to the dynamic response of reinforcement systems. To ensure safety of underground excavations, the development of new reinforcement elements able to resist dynamic events and yielding

Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling has been developed in recent decades to overcome the complex nature of shallow superficial deposits in urban areas as a result of urbanized advancement. To meet the requirements of 3D geological models in the urban underground space construction in Beijing City, we constructed a coupled 3D model of geological sequences setting up to 50 m from the surface,

Underwater shield tunnel construction in karst ground is a huge challenge for engineers and technicians since such engineering case is rarely seen and there are no reported experiences in the literature. The shield tunnel of Changsha metro line 3 had to pass through underwater karst regions in a water conservation district of Xiangjiang River. Therefore, guaranteeing the construction safety and protecting

As revealed by the collapse of the Daikai Metro station during the 1995 Kobe earthquake, underground structures are not immune to seismic loading. Shanghai Metro operates 16 lines of 676 km length, comprising 413 underground stations. An additional 1000 km with 600 underground stations are planned for the next 20 years, calling for improved understanding of their seismic response. This paper studies

Reinforcement technology for semi coal-rock roadways with large deformations is one of the most challenging areas in underground engineering support. Based on the serious deformation problem that occurred in a semi coal-rock roadway in China's Meihuajing coal mine, this paper analyzes the characteristics of discontinuity in surrounding rock structure and incompatibility in surrounding rock deformation

The previous researchs of the critical velocity are mainly for single-point tunnel and limited for branched tunnel. The critical velocity together with the driving force for preventing smoke backflow in branched tunnel cannot be precisely predicted by former correlations. Experiments are conducted in this work to investigate the fire-induced smoke movement in branched tunnel under the cases of critical

The trench cutting re-mixing deep wall (TRD) is a new type of underground waterproof curtain. Mixing uniformity is the key index affecting the efficiency and quality of this method. However, because of many influencing factors, existing theories cannot be used to express the relationship between various factors and mixing uniformity. By analyzing the cutting and mixing process of the TRD method, the

As underground mining progresses to deeper levels, roadway control has become a significant issue in the development of modern mines with characteristics of a high yield and high efficiency. To protect deep roadways from dynamic disasters, an innovative approach based on cutting the roof by energy-gathering blasting for protecting the roadway (CREGBPR) was studied. First, the key technique of energy-gathering

The large section tunnel support is facing tremendous challenges. They are large in span and poor in self-stability of surrounding rocks. Traditional I-steel arches are easily subject to buckling failure. As a result, safety accidents always occur, such as the failure of supporting system and the collapse of tunnels. To solve the problems, a new support technology of confined concrete and corresponding

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been gradually used in predicting tunneling-induced settlement, but there is no uniform process for establishing ML models and even obviously exists deficiency in the existing settlement prediction ML models. This study systematically demonstrates the process of application of machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting tunneling-induced settlement. The whole

Countless subsurface voids in urban areas of cities threaten people’s lives and property. A workflow for automatically identifying subsurface voids from ground penetrating radar (GPR) data was developed in this study. The workflow consists of 3 stages: locating voids automatically from C-scans, then verifying voids from corresponding B-scans, and finally making judgements based upon the previous 2

In order to study driver’s visual characteristics under different curvatures and turning conditions in extra-long urban underwater tunnels, fixation and saccade were herein regarded as the main research objectives. In this study, we carried out real vehicle testing on curved sections with 5 different radii and straight sections of the extra-long urban underwater tunnels. The driver’s fixation characteristics

Site monitoring provides not only critical information for the safe operation of underground facilities but also important data for characterizing the groundwater flow within heterogeneous rock masses. Site monitoring and statistical analysis were performed to ascertain the groundwater response to oil storage in the Huangdao pilot large-scale underground oil storage facility. An all-sided monitoring

In long tunnels where the driving environment is boring and monotonous, the speed perception of drivers is usually compromised. Although researchers have conducted a host of studies on driving safety in tunnels and found out that the sidewall environment was a significant factor that affected driver behavior inside tunnels, little is known regarding the mechanism of how the tunnel sidewall impacts

Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shield machines are widely used in mechanized tunneling operations in soft grounds. In contrast to slurry shield machines, the pressure distribution in EPB excavation chambers is not well undersood, as it is influenced by the muck properties and the chamber design. A computational model specifically developed in Dang and Meschke (2018) for the numerical simulation of material

The study focuses on the fire-induced smoke flow in a naturally ventilated tunnel with large cross-sectional vertical shafts. For the shaft with large cross-section, the smoke is exhausted along four sides of the shaft, in which condition, the complete plug-holing occurs and the fresh air is entrained into the shaft strongly. In this work, studies on the longitudinal smoke temperature rise, smoke mass

Underground structures often pass beneath high-rise buildings or are located close to them in megacities. Given complex site-city interactions, conventional earthquake engineering practices may leave megacities in seismically prone areas in potential danger. Rather than focusing purely on the interaction between soil and either surface structures or underground structures, this study aims to explore

To study the effect of curved sidewall on the fire shape and maximum temperature beneath ceiling centerline, a series of experiments were conducted in a scaled concrete utility tunnel model (at a ratio of 1:4 to the real size) with the centerlines of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm. The flame height, temperature beneath ceiling centerline under different conditions were observed to analyze the influence of

The Kerman tunnel is located in the southeast of Urmia-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) in central Iran that is known as the Kerman Cenozoic Magmatic Arc (KCMA). This arc is one of the most important altered areas in Iran, which has caused significant physical and mechanical variations in characteristics of rocks. The relationship between the type of hydrothermal alteration and rock properties is considerably

In conventional tunnelling, the shotcrete lining is loaded at an early stage, so consideration of the time dependency of material properties during construction is vital. An important property of shotcrete concerning rock deformation is its early strength, which can influence the development of rock pressure and support resistance. The mechanical properties of the shotcrete change continuously during

This paper presents a fully coupled hydraulic-mechanical strain-softening model considering Biot’s effective stress. Both the hydraulic and mechanical parameters are considered as functions of the confining pressure and plastic shear strain. Using the proposed fully coupled hydraulic-mechanical model, the displacement, stress and pore-water pressure around a circular tunnel in both Mohr-Coulomb and

In practice, it is vital to know the propagation law of settlement in soil induced by tunneling. In this paper, a novel two-dimensional subsurface settlement propagation model is established based on the stochastic medium theory. The governing equation is solved with the assumed settlement profile at the tunnel crown using the Fourier transform method. Subsequently, the sensitivity of the subsurface

Low permeable soil is important for stabilising the tunnel face during mechanized tunnelling in sandy soils under water level. Foam is one of the most common conditioning agents to achieve low permeability of the excavated soil. This study investigates the effect of hydraulic gradient on the permeability characteristics of foam-conditioned sand in various conditioning states, according to a series

The deeply-buried tunnels serve as an effective method for the sustainable management of stormwater to mitigate the waterlogging and sewer overflow problems of modern cities in rainy seasons. This paper presents a series of full-scale structural loading tests on the segmental lining of a large deeply-buried stormwater storage tunnel considering the operation conditions, in which the cycle of water

The tunnel instability accidents caused by surcharge loading could even lead to ground settlement or collapse, damage to the existing municipal pipelines or inclination of the surgical buildings. Series of large-scale physical model test was conducted in this paper to reveal the failure mechanism of tunnel in soft rock subjected to surcharge loading. The non-contact full-field displacement measurement

Disc cutter consumption takes up a large part of the cost of TBM construction, and the analysis of the wear of disc cutters can provide design guidance for the cutter head and cutter arrangement in practice. Data analysis of the disc cutter wear capacity of engineering 6859 m in Yinsong, Jilin (the diameter of cutter head is 7,920 mm) shows that the wear capacity of the inner disc cutter (under the

The seismic response of tunnels under undrained loading with excess pore pressures accumulation is poorly understood. Two-dimensional dynamic numerical analyses are conducted to assess the seismic response of deep circular tunnels located far from the seismic source under undrained loading conditions. For comparison purposes, analyses under drained loading are also performed. It is assumed that the

A wide geothermal anomalous zone exists around the Hengduan Mountains in China. The construction of railway tunnels in geothermal anomalous zones encounters the phenomenon of high geotemperature, which has serious impacts on personnel and equipment during the construction and operation of the tunnel. In this study, a convection-conduction model in a transverse section is built to represent a high-geotemperature

The paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the current understanding of the seismic behaviour of tunnels. Emphasis is placed on recorded responses of actual tunnels during past earthquakes, as well as relevant experimental studies. In particular, the observed seismic performance of tunnels is initially discussed, by providing cases of reported damage during past earthquakes. This is followed by

As coal and gas outburst is a frequent disaster and its mechanism still unclear, consistent numerical modeling is indispensable to enable further investigations owing to difficulties in field observation. As gas-bearing coal with outburst proneness is considered a granular material, the outburst phenomenon is described by a solid-fluid transition that is developed in gas-bearing coal. Inter particle

Rough joints can over-close due to a prior higher stress, or due to temperature increase alone. There is better fit of their opposing walls causing increased friction and even tensile strength. Well-controlled laboratory HTM tests, in situ HTM block tests, and large-scale heated rock mass tests, lasting several years at Stripa, Climax and Yucca Mountain, have produced likely evidence for this coupled

The most common soil reinforcement methods used in tunnelling, such as jet grouting, fiberglass reinforcement and ground freezing, leave spoils into the ground and have high costs of implementation. On the other hand, preloading methods for soils improvement require long construction periods and limit the enhancement of the undrained shear strength to the applied surcharge load or vacuum load. This

The suction drain is a novel concept for low-carbon temporary ground stabilisation in clayey soils alternative to jet grouting and ground freezing. Boreholes are drilled into the ground and air is injected to the borehole end through a delivery pipe. The air flowing through the gap between the pipe and the borehole surface backward towards the borehole entry removes water by evaporation and, hence