erratum

AbstractThe samples of native and hydrogen peroxide–modified humic acids (HAs) separated from brown coals of the Tisul’skoe deposit in the Kansk-Achinsk Basin were obtained. The HA samples were characterized by instrumental methods: elemental and technical analysis and EPR spectroscopy. The modification of HAs affected the structural-group composition and decreased the concentration of paramagnetic

AbstractThe kinetics of an intermediate fraction of coal tar with a boiling point of 230–300°C in the presence of a Fe3O4 nanocatalyst was studied. The rate constants of cavitation processing of coal tar were calculated using the Simpson method with a random search optimization, and the apparent activation energy of the cavitation process with the intermediate fraction of coal tar was determined. The

AbstractA study of the thermal effects observed during the low-temperature pyrolysis of various types of pelletized biomass (sunflower husk, coniferous wood, litter-litter mass) is presented. It is shown that during sunflower husk torrefaction the greatest exothermic effect is observed and the possible reasons for its occurrence are explained. The influence of a small oxygen content in the heating

AbstractThe sorption properties of a modified ethylenediamine humate (EDA–H) sorbent toward Co2+ and Ni2+ metal ions are considered. The results of the influence of sorbent norm (0.05–2.0 g), process time (15–120 min), and metal concentration (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 g/L) are presented. The advanced extraction of cobalt(II) in solutions with low and medium metal concentrations (0.005–0.05 g/L) and nickel(II)

AbstractThe effect of the destructive O-alkylation of the organic matter of brown coal from the Tyulgan deposit in the South Ural basin on the yield and component composition of bitumoids was studied. The positive effect of alkylation with n-butanol on an increase in the yield of aliphatic lignite bitumoid fractions was found. The process of O-alkylation was optimized in terms of the weight yield of

AbstractThe hydrofining of semicoking coal tar from the Shubarkul deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan) in the presence of nanoheterogeneous molybdenum sulfide catalyst systems (Mo content, 0.025–0.12%) was studied in order to intensify processing technology. The catalysts were in situ prepared in the coal tar with the addition of a sulfidizing agent—elemental sulfur in an amount of 0.03 –0.09 wt % on a

AbstractThe chemical and physicochemical characteristics of brown coals from the Arkhara–Boguchan deposit were studied. These coals have increased ash content (to 18.7%) and high aluminum and silicon contents (to 30.5 and to 69.5%, respectively) and the main petrographic components—vitrinite (42%) and semivitrinite (46%). Separate combustion products (slag, fly ash, and sludge) were obtained by burning

AbstractParametric studies performed using Taguchi methods in order to optimize an experimental process and the results of the development of a laboratory vertical fixed-bed gasifier are reported. It was demonstrated that gasification is a reliable process on a laboratory scale and its results can be used at pilot plants. It was found that the frequency of sample injection at constant weight, the particle

AbstractThe effects of ratios between the starting components, temperature, and reaction time on the interaction of sodium humate (HumNa) with acid reagents was studied, and the following optimal conditions for the production of humate-containing fertilizers were determined: the solid-to-liquid ratio S/L = 1 : 3–4, t = 40–60°C, and τ = 30–40 min. It was found that ammonium humate and sodium and ammonium

AbstractThe concentration and distribution of germanium in coals from the Spetsugli section of the Pavlovsk brown coal deposit in Primorskii krai was studied using mass spectrometry and laser microanalysis. The maximum concentrations of germanium in low-ash coals were established. The distribution of germanium in the vitrinite group macerals of coals and in mineral impurities was studied. A conclusion

AbstractThe applicability of regression equations obtained for peats from the European territory of Russia and Belarus to the conditions of Western Siberia was tested. Calculations showed that these equations can be used for the determination of the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen contents and the group composition of the organic matter of peat (bitumen, water-soluble and hydrolyzable substances, cellulose

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of two types of peat from the Vladimir oblast of Russia in an inert atmosphere of argon was studied for the first time with the combined use of thermogravimetry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and kinetic analysis. The majority of gaseous products (CO2, CO, and CH4) were released at the main stage of pyrolysis at a decomposition temperature of 150–540°C, which

AbstractThe results of the determination of the effect of low-frequency ultrasonic treatment on the thermal cracking of fuel oil mixed with shale from the Kendyrlyk deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan) are reported. It has been established that, upon the addition 12% Kendyrlyk shale to fuel oil with the subsequent ultrasonic treatment of the mixture, the maximum yields of a gasoline fraction with bp to

AbstractVarious aspects of the synthesis of gasoline fraction hydrocarbons from methanol obtained at power-engineering plants for the synthesis of methanol from coal are considered. The methods and approaches used in the modeling of hydrocarbon synthesis processes based on the principles of equilibrium thermodynamics and phase separation processes of multifraction mixtures are substantiated and described

AbstractThe results of quantum-chemical calculations of helium atoms in strong and superstrong magnetic fields are described. The calculations showed the possibility of transferring helium atoms to superstable states with the release of a huge amount of energy, provided that helium was previously converted to a solid state at a sufficiently high pressure and low temperature. In addition to energy production

AbstractThe chemical analysis of a porous carbon material (PCM) from coal of the Maikube coal basin (Kazakhstan) was carried out in this work. The PCM was obtained by carbonization and activation in argon and water vapor atmospheres. The physicochemical characteristics and surface morphology of the test sample were studied. The electrophysical characteristics of the PCM were determined by measuring

AbstractThe composition of brown coal in the Buzulinsk suite of the Sergeevskoe brown coal deposit (Upper Amur region, Russia) was studied using organic geochemistry methods. The distribution of various types of bitumoids over the depth of the section was revealed. The following compounds were identified in hydrocarbon biomarkers by chromatography and chromatography–mass spectrometry: C14–C40n-alkanes

AbstractThe sorption capacity of semicoke from coals of the Ziddi and Fon-Yagnob deposits for lead salts was investigated. It was shown that the sorption capacity of the semicoke is proportional to the concentration of mineral substances (ash content), the particle size of the sorbents, and the concentration of solution. Data on the adsorption activity of the anaerobic thermolysis products (600°C)

AbstractThe influence of the properties of foundry coke on its destruction in the course of transportation was studied. It was found that the rate of destruction of foundry coke samples increased by a factor of 1.23–6.14 upon transportation to distances over 900 km. The concentration of a particle-size class of 80 mm and greater decreased by 9.2–9.7%, and that of a particle-size class of 40 mm and

AbstractThe chemical composition and the temperature dependences of the electrical characteristics (electric capacity, electrical resistance, and dielectric constant) of the ash of Bogatyr coal in its original form and after electromagnetic and electric discharge treatments in a range of 293–483 K were studied, and the procedures of these coal ash treatments were specified. Temperature ranges in which

AbstractA systematic study of the compositions of individual microspheres with sizes of <2.5 μm in a fine fraction of fly ash after the pulverized combustion of Ekibastuz coal was carried out using scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). It was established that individual ash microspheres with diameters of <1 and 1–2.5 μm from aerosol particle

AbstractX-ray fluorescence analysis was used to study the composition of mineral inclusions in outburst-prone coal bed. A relationship between the presence of iron-containing compounds and sulfur in coals with their tendency to gas-dynamic phenomena was revealed. It was found that coal outbursts from the Pechora and Donets basins contained several times more iron than coals from non-hazardous zones

AbstractThe physical and chemical properties and chemical content of solid residues emerging during the production of plant growth regulators “Oxihumate” and “Peat Oxidate” are studied. The possibility of their use as additions to mineral and organic and mineral fertilizers, soil ameliorants and substrates for vermiculture growing and also as reinforcing additions to the different types of molded fuel

AbstractThe production of synthesis gas by the two-stage thermal conversion of agricultural waste of plant origin (straw and sugarcane bagasse) was studied. It was established that this method allows one to obtain 1.21–1.24 m3 of synthesis gas from 1 kg of feedstock. The heat of combustion of the resulting gas was 10.6–11.0 MJ/m3, and the yield of biochar was 26.46–29.90% on a feedstock weight basis

AbstractBased on a comparison of elemental analysis data and IR- and 13C NMR-spectroscopic data, principal differences in the chemical compositions of lithotypes isolated from Kuznetsk Basin coals of different ranks based on characteristic properties were established. The influence of the chemical composition and physical properties (porosity and surface topography) of the lithotypes on the wettability

AbstractThe characteristics of the thermal dissolution of coals of different degrees of metamorphism in the hydrogen-donor solvent tetralin and the anthracene fraction of coal coking tar are compared. It was established that, at 380°C, the dependence of the activity of coal on the metamorphic stage has an extremum. In the tetralin solvent, low-rank coals of grades D and G with a loose supramolecular

AbstractThe porous structure of activated carbons (ACs) formed by fossil coals of different ranks upon alkaline activation with thermal shock (KOH, 800°C) was studied. It was established that the specific surface area of ACs decreased from 2012 to 818 m2/g, the pore volume decreased from 1.088 to 0.269 cm3/g, and the fraction of micropores linearly increased from 0.64 to 0.92 as the Cdaf of the test

AbstractThe effect of the conditions of carboxymethylation of peat humic acids with sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of sodium hydroxide by a mechanochemical method on the concentration of bound carboxymethyl groups and the water solubility of the resulting products was studied. Highly substituted O‑alkylation products containing to 13.3% bound carboxymethyl groups and soluble in water to 95%

AbstractThe results of a study on the heavy residue obtained after the rectification of the semicoking tar of oil shale from the Perelyubskoe deposit (pitch) and coke obtained from it are presented.

AbstractPeat was studied in order to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in it depending on the depth of occurrence. Genetically homogeneous peat layers with occurrence depths of 0–5, 5–35, 35–85, 85–140, 140–220, and 220–375 cm were analyzed for the concentrations of Ag, Hg, Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Tl, and As. The metal concentrations were determined on an ICP-MS Aurora Elite inductively

AbstractSystematic studies on the extraction of germanium compounds from low-grade coals—lignites—on gasification and combustion and theoretical and experimental studies of the behavior of germanium contained in lignite under various processing conditions have been carried out. Optimal conditions for germanium extraction and the manufacture of commercial products are proposed.

AbstractA comparative analysis of the reactivity indices of the model structure of humic acids (HAs) and a number of antioxidants was carried out based on the results of quantum-chemical calculations performed using the density functional theory (DFT) b3lyp/6-31g(d,p) method. With the use of 15 compounds as an example, it was found that the electronegativity index χ linearly correlates with the energy

AbstractThe dependences of coal reactivity characteristics on the following main geological and genetic factors were determined: the petrographic composition, the stage of coalification, the degree of coal oxidation–reduction, and the concentrations and composition of mineral components in coals. On this basis, a set of characteristics (criteria) is proposed for assessing the degree of coal suitability

AbstractThe raw materials base of brown coals for the production of heat-resistant polymer–lignite chemical reagents was selected based on a comparison of the technological parameters of water-based drilling fluids treated with various nanomodified powdered complex polymer–lignite chemicals. On the basis of lignin–alkaline reagents, a highly heat-resistant fluid-loss reducer, a complex low-thixotropic

AbstractThe kinetic characteristics of the oxidation of non-food municipal MSW (MSW) were studied. Energetically valuable components of non-food MSW (sawdust, plastics, cardboard, textiles, leather, and rubber) were used as test samples. The elemental composition and technical characteristics of the test samples were determined using an elemental analyzer and standard procedures. The thermal conversion

AbstractThe adsorption of a typical herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), from its aqueous solution on granular activated carbon (GAC) was studied. The kinetics of adsorption of 2,4-D on GAC and its porosimetric characteristics and microstructure were studied. A high adsorption capacity of GAC for 2,4-D was found.

AbstractThe production of metallurgical coke by the low-temperature pyrolysis of peat, biomass, and tar mixtures was investigated. Data on the effects of the preliminary treatment of raw mixtures, the tar content of the mixtures, and the process temperature on the characteristics of the products obtained are presented. It was experimentally established that the maximum yield of semicoke was achieved

AbstractA wastewater treatment technology with the use of a carbon-containing sorbent prepared from lignite is proposed. A method for the preparation of organomineral humic reagents from low-ash lignite was developed.

AbstractThe use of anthracites from Eastern Donbass as a technological raw material for the production of filtrants and sorbents, which are widely used in many branches of industry and national economy (industrial water and wastewater treatment, oil spill response, gold and silver extraction from the pulp of mining plants, etc.), is considered.

AbstractA technology has been developed for the production of ultrafine coal–water suspensions for use as raw materials for direct-flow vortex gasification with dry ash removal.

AbstractTechnologies for the conversion of coal mining and processing wastes into commercial products depending on the characteristics of raw materials are considered. It is shown that the production of construction materials from coal wastes can be most popular. The production of rare earth element (REE), aluminum, and iron concentrates; coagulants for water purification; fuel additives (energy generation

AbstractThe β- and 15R-sialons were obtained from coal waste (carbonaceous rocks) at the Institute of Fossil Fuels (IGI) for the first time in the world. Ceramics based on β-sialon powder made from carbonaceous rock by compression sintering possessed increased cracking resistance, as compared to that of known analogues, even when heated in a plasma flow at 2000°C. In this case, other characteristics

AbstractThe possibility of producing synthesis gas with an H2 : CO ratio of 2.0 or higher by the gasification of mechanically activated mixtures of biomass and tar was shown. A copper–zinc catalyst was synthesized, and its morphological characteristics were studied using electron microscopy and BET adsorption methods. It was established that the use of the synthesized catalyst makes it possible to

AbstractEffective use of biomass has recently received special attention. Pyrolysis is of great interest among the biomass conversion processes. The pyrolysis technology allows the production of biocoal (biochar), which can replace fossil energy fuels. Biocoal can also be converted into liquid fuel for direct use in vehicles and for the replacement of petroleum products (gasoline, aviation kerosene

AbstractThe use of various combustible wastes with the aim of processing them into solid, gaseous, and liquid energy carriers was studied. It was found that, on condition of appropriate preparation and proper use technology, combustible wastes can be even less hazardous to the environment than traditional energy sources, including coal.

AbstractThis review summarizes the latest developments on the use of activated carbon adsorbents of various geneses for the adsorption of the most common pharmaceuticals in wastewater.

AbstractThe results of a study of the extraction of molybdenum compounds introduced into hydroconversion heavy petroleum feedstock as part of a catalyst precursor are presented. A solid phase insoluble in an organic solvent, a Mo-containing concentrate, is isolated from the vacuum hydroconversion residue by filtration. According to X-ray powder diffraction, molybdenum in the concentrate is almost completely

AbstractGeochemical parameters of the Cenozoic shale strata of the western Ciscaucasia have been analyzed. Oil source strata were identified in the study. The geochemical characteristics of organic matter (OM) of the Kumian rocks revealed high oil source potential of the rocks. The formation and emigration of hydrocarbons (HCs) were inferred from qualitative and quantitative changes. Sapropelic OM

AbstractThe article reviews data on the mercury concentrations in coals of the South of Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbas) in Kemerovo region in Russia and in the surrounding soils. The Hg concentrations in the soil (30 samples) and coal (207 samples) were determined by the atomic absorption using RA-915+ mercury analyzer with pyrolytic attachment. The comparison with previous research showed that over the last

AbstractLaboratory coking test is very often used for prediction of produced coke quality. The second route for results utilisation is differentiation of products and determination of its yield. There were not carried out many tests to check if mass balance sums to one. In addition to this there were not performed test to control elements balance if there were made further ultimate analysis of products

AbstractIn the present study, a stoichiometric thermodynamic equilibrium model has been introduced for downdraft biomass air gasifiers. Experimental data from five pilot scale downdraft gasifiers, that use different types of biomass fuels, are compared with the findings of the model. It is presented that the developed model is efficiently simulating H2, CO, CH4, and CO2, volume fractions and the heating

AbstractThe effect of alkaline extraction parameters on the yield, biological activity, and functional group composition of the humic acids (HAs) of brown coals was investigated. It was found that the functional group composition of the HAs can be intentionally affected by varying alkaline extraction parameters (the amount of an alkali and the duration and temperature of the process). The biological

AbstractThe oxidation of lignite and bituminous coal modified with an activating additive of Fe(NO3)2 (5 wt %) was investigated. Iron nitrate was applied by incipient wetness impregnation with the preliminary dissolution of Fe(NO3)2 in a water–alcohol solution with the volume ratio C2H5OH : H2O = 50 : 50. The reactivity of the samples was studied by thermogravimetric analysis in the oxidation mode

AbstractMolecular simulations of CH4/CO2 competitive adsorption in moisture coals are carried out. The synergistic effect of micropore walls has a significant impact on the spatial distribution of adsorbates. Water molecules in micropores can prevent CO2 and CH4 from smoothly diffusing and adsorbing in the pore. The micropore is more favorable to the advantage of CO2 in the competitive adsorption.

AbstractThe effect of the conditions of mechanochemical peat acetylation with acetic anhydride on the concentration of bound acetyl groups and the solubility of the resulting products in acetone was studied. Highly substituted esterification products containing to 17.8% bound acetyl groups and soluble in acetone to 60% were obtained.

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of peat in a drop tube furnace was studied under conditions typical of the low-temperature combustion chambers of industrial heat-generating plants, and the combustion of peat charcoal was examined on a thermogravimetric analyzer with dynamic heating. It was established that the thermal properties of peat are well combined with the properties of woody biomass, primarily

AbstractA method for the synthesis of metal–carbon nanocomposites in which metal-centered particles of the core–graphite-like shell type are distributed in the bulk of an amorphous sp2-carbon matrix is proposed. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was used as a carbon matrix precursor. The synthesis procedure included the following stages: The dehydrochlorination of PVC with diethylamine in a dimethyl sulfoxide

AbstractThe necessary conditions and integral characteristics of the ignition and subsequent combustion of mixed fuels prepared on the basis of peat, crude oil, and water were studied. Fuel mixtures were burned in the form of a layer (a weighed sample), slurry droplets, or pellets in a model combustion chamber at a temperature of 300–900°C. The results were compared with data obtained upon the combustion

AbstractClose-packed materials (CPMs) were prepared by pressing dispersed carbon powders with various physicochemical properties. It was found that a maximum density of CPMs based on dispersed carbon was achieved when a sample was held under pressure for 2 to 3 h, and the complete degradation of secondary structures occurred in the low-structure samples of dispersed carbon with at a pressure of no