Abstract The effects of ratios between the starting components, temperature, and reaction time on the interaction of sodium humate (HumNa) with acid reagents was studied, and the following optimal conditions for the production of humate-containing fertilizers were determined: the solid-to-liquid ratio S/L = 1 : 3–4, t = 40–60°C, and τ = 30–40 min. It was found that ammonium humate and sodium and ammonium

Abstract The concentration and distribution of germanium in coals from the Spetsugli section of the Pavlovsk brown coal deposit in Primorskii krai was studied using mass spectrometry and laser microanalysis. The maximum concentrations of germanium in low-ash coals were established. The distribution of germanium in the vitrinite group macerals of coals and in mineral impurities was studied. A conclusion

Abstract The applicability of regression equations obtained for peats from the European territory of Russia and Belarus to the conditions of Western Siberia was tested. Calculations showed that these equations can be used for the determination of the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen contents and the group composition of the organic matter of peat (bitumen, water-soluble and hydrolyzable substances, cellulose

Abstract The thermal decomposition of two types of peat from the Vladimir oblast of Russia in an inert atmosphere of argon was studied for the first time with the combined use of thermogravimetry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and kinetic analysis. The majority of gaseous products (CO2, CO, and CH4) were released at the main stage of pyrolysis at a decomposition temperature of 150–540°C, which

Abstract The results of the determination of the effect of low-frequency ultrasonic treatment on the thermal cracking of fuel oil mixed with shale from the Kendyrlyk deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan) are reported. It has been established that, upon the addition 12% Kendyrlyk shale to fuel oil with the subsequent ultrasonic treatment of the mixture, the maximum yields of a gasoline fraction with bp to

Abstract Various aspects of the synthesis of gasoline fraction hydrocarbons from methanol obtained at power-engineering plants for the synthesis of methanol from coal are considered. The methods and approaches used in the modeling of hydrocarbon synthesis processes based on the principles of equilibrium thermodynamics and phase separation processes of multifraction mixtures are substantiated and described

Abstract The results of quantum-chemical calculations of helium atoms in strong and superstrong magnetic fields are described. The calculations showed the possibility of transferring helium atoms to superstable states with the release of a huge amount of energy, provided that helium was previously converted to a solid state at a sufficiently high pressure and low temperature. In addition to energy

Abstract The chemical analysis of a porous carbon material (PCM) from coal of the Maikube coal basin (Kazakhstan) was carried out in this work. The PCM was obtained by carbonization and activation in argon and water vapor atmospheres. The physicochemical characteristics and surface morphology of the test sample were studied. The electrophysical characteristics of the PCM were determined by measuring

Abstract The composition of brown coal in the Buzulinsk suite of the Sergeevskoe brown coal deposit (Upper Amur region, Russia) was studied using organic geochemistry methods. The distribution of various types of bitumoids over the depth of the section was revealed. The following compounds were identified in hydrocarbon biomarkers by chromatography and chromatography–mass spectrometry: C14–C40n-alkanes

Abstract The sorption capacity of semicoke from coals of the Ziddi and Fon-Yagnob deposits for lead salts was investigated. It was shown that the sorption capacity of the semicoke is proportional to the concentration of mineral substances (ash content), the particle size of the sorbents, and the concentration of solution. Data on the adsorption activity of the anaerobic thermolysis products (600°C)

Abstract The influence of the properties of foundry coke on its destruction in the course of transportation was studied. It was found that the rate of destruction of foundry coke samples increased by a factor of 1.23–6.14 upon transportation to distances over 900 km. The concentration of a particle-size class of 80 mm and greater decreased by 9.2–9.7%, and that of a particle-size class of 40 mm and

Abstract The chemical composition and the temperature dependences of the electrical characteristics (electric capacity, electrical resistance, and dielectric constant) of the ash of Bogatyr coal in its original form and after electromagnetic and electric discharge treatments in a range of 293–483 K were studied, and the procedures of these coal ash treatments were specified. Temperature ranges in which

Abstract A systematic study of the compositions of individual microspheres with sizes of <2.5 μm in a fine fraction of fly ash after the pulverized combustion of Ekibastuz coal was carried out using scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). It was established that individual ash microspheres with diameters of <1 and 1–2.5 μm from aerosol particle

Abstract X-ray fluorescence analysis was used to study the composition of mineral inclusions in outburst-prone coal bed. A relationship between the presence of iron-containing compounds and sulfur in coals with their tendency to gas-dynamic phenomena was revealed. It was found that coal outbursts from the Pechora and Donets basins contained several times more iron than coals from non-hazardous zones

Abstract The physical and chemical properties and chemical content of solid residues emerging during the production of plant growth regulators “Oxihumate” and “Peat Oxidate” are studied. The possibility of their use as additions to mineral and organic and mineral fertilizers, soil ameliorants and substrates for vermiculture growing and also as reinforcing additions to the different types of molded

Abstract The production of synthesis gas by the two-stage thermal conversion of agricultural waste of plant origin (straw and sugarcane bagasse) was studied. It was established that this method allows one to obtain 1.21–1.24 m3 of synthesis gas from 1 kg of feedstock. The heat of combustion of the resulting gas was 10.6–11.0 MJ/m3, and the yield of biochar was 26.46–29.90% on a feedstock weight basis

Abstract Based on a comparison of elemental analysis data and IR- and 13C NMR-spectroscopic data, principal differences in the chemical compositions of lithotypes isolated from Kuznetsk Basin coals of different ranks based on characteristic properties were established. The influence of the chemical composition and physical properties (porosity and surface topography) of the lithotypes on the wettability

Abstract The characteristics of the thermal dissolution of coals of different degrees of metamorphism in the hydrogen-donor solvent tetralin and the anthracene fraction of coal coking tar are compared. It was established that, at 380°C, the dependence of the activity of coal on the metamorphic stage has an extremum. In the tetralin solvent, low-rank coals of grades D and G with a loose supramolecular

Abstract The porous structure of activated carbons (ACs) formed by fossil coals of different ranks upon alkaline activation with thermal shock (KOH, 800°C) was studied. It was established that the specific surface area of ACs decreased from 2012 to 818 m2/g, the pore volume decreased from 1.088 to 0.269 cm3/g, and the fraction of micropores linearly increased from 0.64 to 0.92 as the Cdaf of the test

Abstract The effect of the conditions of carboxymethylation of peat humic acids with sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of sodium hydroxide by a mechanochemical method on the concentration of bound carboxymethyl groups and the water solubility of the resulting products was studied. Highly substituted O‑alkylation products containing to 13.3% bound carboxymethyl groups and soluble in water to

Abstract The results of a study on the heavy residue obtained after the rectification of the semicoking tar of oil shale from the Perelyubskoe deposit (pitch) and coke obtained from it are presented.

Abstract Peat was studied in order to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in it depending on the depth of occurrence. Genetically homogeneous peat layers with occurrence depths of 0–5, 5–35, 35–85, 85–140, 140–220, and 220–375 cm were analyzed for the concentrations of Ag, Hg, Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Tl, and As. The metal concentrations were determined on an ICP-MS Aurora Elite inductively

Abstract Systematic studies on the extraction of germanium compounds from low-grade coals—lignites—on gasification and combustion and theoretical and experimental studies of the behavior of germanium contained in lignite under various processing conditions have been carried out. Optimal conditions for germanium extraction and the manufacture of commercial products are proposed.

Abstract A comparative analysis of the reactivity indices of the model structure of humic acids (HAs) and a number of antioxidants was carried out based on the results of quantum-chemical calculations performed using the density functional theory (DFT) b3lyp/6-31g(d,p) method. With the use of 15 compounds as an example, it was found that the electronegativity index χ linearly correlates with the energy

Abstract The dependences of coal reactivity characteristics on the following main geological and genetic factors were determined: the petrographic composition, the stage of coalification, the degree of coal oxidation–reduction, and the concentrations and composition of mineral components in coals. On this basis, a set of characteristics (criteria) is proposed for assessing the degree of coal suitability

Abstract The raw materials base of brown coals for the production of heat-resistant polymer–lignite chemical reagents was selected based on a comparison of the technological parameters of water-based drilling fluids treated with various nanomodified powdered complex polymer–lignite chemicals. On the basis of lignin–alkaline reagents, a highly heat-resistant fluid-loss reducer, a complex low-thixotropic

Abstract The kinetic characteristics of the oxidation of non-food municipal MSW (MSW) were studied. Energetically valuable components of non-food MSW (sawdust, plastics, cardboard, textiles, leather, and rubber) were used as test samples. The elemental composition and technical characteristics of the test samples were determined using an elemental analyzer and standard procedures. The thermal conversion

Abstract The adsorption of a typical herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), from its aqueous solution on granular activated carbon (GAC) was studied. The kinetics of adsorption of 2,4-D on GAC and its porosimetric characteristics and microstructure were studied. A high adsorption capacity of GAC for 2,4-D was found.

Abstract The production of metallurgical coke by the low-temperature pyrolysis of peat, biomass, and tar mixtures was investigated. Data on the effects of the preliminary treatment of raw mixtures, the tar content of the mixtures, and the process temperature on the characteristics of the products obtained are presented. It was experimentally established that the maximum yield of semicoke was achieved