Abstract The applicability of a new carbon material—carbon foam with a cellular structure synthesized from the pyrolysis products of hydrocarbon gases—as a catalyst support was demonstrated. The modification of the carbon foam by the deposition of nanoglobular carbon particles on its surface made it possible to obtain a nonporous material with a specific surface area of <1 m2/g and an open-cell structure

Abstract Methods for the production of metal–carbon nanoparticles of the core–shell type based on the formation of transition metal nanoparticles and a graphite-like shell on their surface containing to 50 graphene layers are considered. Various types of high-energy impacts or thermal transformations under exposure in a temperature range of 600–850°С were used for the synthesis of metal–carbon nanoparticles

Abstract The effect of elevated temperatures on the textural and structural characteristics of the carbon material Sibunit in an oxygen-containing atmosphere was studied depending on the preliminary treatment of Sibunit with HNO3 and the presence and the amount of an active component (Pt). According to the results of thermogravimetry, the preliminary treatment of Sibunit with HNO3 led to an increase

Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is one of the main issues towards sustainable development. Various technologies are studied to solve it. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an appropriate technology selection to reduce the waste volume primarily and to utilize MSW as the energy source because of its high the calorific value inside. This paper describes the potential of hydrochar production

Abstract Bottom ash samples were collected during four seasons from the largest lignite-fired power plant of Greece, named Agios Dimitrios. Dry sieving and particle size analysis were performed for all samples. Coarse fractions were initially examined by a stereo-microscope. Four fractions (>1.25, 0.63–1.25, 0.18–0.63, <0.18 mm) of each sample were created after homogenization and ground for analytical

Abstract Spent biochar obtained after water treatment especially metal adsorption could be used as a solid fuel. In this study, soil application potential and fuel value of cadmium contaminated biochar was investigated. Biochar prepared from Parthenium (PBC) and the thermally modified biochar (MPBC) was artificially contaminated with different concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l) of Cd solution

Abstract Carbothermic reduction of iron oxide is an important reaction in Ferro-alloy production process. Coke and bio-char are the main resource carbon for these industries. Carbon not only takes part in reduction reaction but also have important role in maintaining required carbon percentage in metal and contribution in energy supply for the process. Thus the price of carbonaceous material has significant

Abstract Various factors of the influence of carbon matrices on the textural, structural, and electrochemical properties of nanocomposites based on highly dispersed carbon black after the thermal-oxidative action of steam are considered. The results of the measurements of the electrical resistance of nanocomposites with coke-pitch and pyrocarbon matrices and the testing of these materials by cyclic

Abstract The possibility of using carbon black (CB) as a support of palladium catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of organic compounds is considered. The advantages of Pd/CB catalysts are demonstrated by examples of liquid-phase hydrogenation of aromatic aldehydes and nitro compounds. The combination of high catalytic parameters (activity, selectivity, and stability) achieved by these catalysts

Abstract The results of studies on the production and properties of porous carbon-containing materials from various renewable natural raw materials, methods used for modifying textural and physicochemical characteristics, and the application of the resulting materials as the supports of catalysts for various processes are presented.

Abstract The formation of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation catalysts whose active centers are determined by the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups located on the surface of a porous carbon material rather than by their nontransition metal or metal oxide constituents was considered. The prospects of using carbon catalysts instead of traditional metal/metal oxide systems in the direct and oxidative

Abstract The applications of catalysts based on molybdenum carbide are considered. Attention is focused on the effects of molybdenum carbide preparation methods on the crystal structure and catalytic activity of molybdenum carbide in the redox reactions of organic compounds.

Abstract A program for the calculation of a gasification process based on a mathematical model of direct-flow coal gasification with liquid slag removal is proposed. Calculations were performed for Chinese gas coals. A good agreement between the experimental and calculated data of the process is demonstrated.

Abstract In the current project, V2O5 extraction from fuel fly ash was carried out, and the advanced extraction method was investigated. This reduced the percentage of industrial fuel fly ash residue pollution in the environment. The project was done with two materials: V2O5 and fuel fly ash. The extraction method includes alkaline leaching, pH regulation, ammonium compounds addition, and calcination

Abstract It is shown that the modernization of boilers for a low-temperature vortex (LTV) technology of coal combustion can provide a comprehensive increase in their energetic and environmental performance characteristics and the efficiency of ash collectors. Specific emissions of heavy metals with ash particles carried into the atmosphere per unit of generated energy in a boiler unit with a low-temperature

Abstract A nanocomposite material based on humic acid and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes was obtained using ultrasonic treatment. The composition and properties of the nanocomposite were characterized. The applicability of the nanocomposite material as a sorbent for wastewater treatment was demonstrated.

Abstract To understand quality of coking coal possessing different particle sizes, coal samples from Gao Yang (GY) and Shui Yu (SY) mines were systematically studied. The samples had wide particle size variations with six distinct ranges. The main emphasis was placed on analyzing sulfur and coke contents as function of particle sizes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze sulfur

Abstract The results of an experimental study of the electrical resistivity of anthracites and thermoanthracites obtained from them are reported. The inhomogeneity of resistivity in the samples was taken into account and quantitatively evaluated, and the manifestation of this factor in the development of a composite product based on thermoanthracite as a filler and coal pitch as a binder were considered

Abstract Possible chemical reaction schemes of the interaction of the organic matter of coal (OMC) with the decomposition products of sodium nitrite in the determination of the ignition temperatures of unoxidized (reduced), tested, and oxidized coals according to DSTU 7611:2014 “Coal: Method for the Determination of Oxidation and the Degree of Oxidation” were proposed. Studies on the determination

Abstract The elemental and structural-group compositions and paramagnetic properties of the humic acids of peat occurring at different depths of peat deposits of various geneses have been investigated. With decreasing the depth of peat occurrence, the extracted humic acids were characterized by a decrease in the Н/С ratio and the amount of carboxyl and methylene groups and an increase in the signal

Abstract The results of experimental studies of the terminal velocity of peat dust in an air flow with different size distributions of dust particles are presented, and the particle sizes and shapes were examined by microscopic methods. The aerodynamic drag of peat particles of various sizes in an air flow was studied, and a criterion relationship between the drag coefficient CD and the Reynolds number

Abstract Methods and conditions for the separation of different groups of organic matter in the group analysis of peat, which have been developed and improved in different countries over more than 100 years, are analyzed. Data on the influence of the type of extractant, temperature, pH, extraction time, and other factors on the yield and properties of different groups of organic matter from peat are

Abstract The thermal decomposition of the mixtures of crushed coal and wood was experimentally studied in a temperature range from 400 to 1000°C. According to the results of the experiments, the possibility of using wood as an additive to mixed fuel based on coal to decrease the yield of sulfur oxides upon combustion in large- and small-scale power boilers was confirmed. With a decrease in the energy

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AbstractThe samples of native and hydrogen peroxide–modified humic acids (HAs) separated from brown coals of the Tisul’skoe deposit in the Kansk-Achinsk Basin were obtained. The HA samples were characterized by instrumental methods: elemental and technical analysis and EPR spectroscopy. The modification of HAs affected the structural-group composition and decreased the concentration of paramagnetic

AbstractThe kinetics of an intermediate fraction of coal tar with a boiling point of 230–300°C in the presence of a Fe3O4 nanocatalyst was studied. The rate constants of cavitation processing of coal tar were calculated using the Simpson method with a random search optimization, and the apparent activation energy of the cavitation process with the intermediate fraction of coal tar was determined. The

AbstractA study of the thermal effects observed during the low-temperature pyrolysis of various types of pelletized biomass (sunflower husk, coniferous wood, litter-litter mass) is presented. It is shown that during sunflower husk torrefaction the greatest exothermic effect is observed and the possible reasons for its occurrence are explained. The influence of a small oxygen content in the heating

AbstractThe sorption properties of a modified ethylenediamine humate (EDA–H) sorbent toward Co2+ and Ni2+ metal ions are considered. The results of the influence of sorbent norm (0.05–2.0 g), process time (15–120 min), and metal concentration (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 g/L) are presented. The advanced extraction of cobalt(II) in solutions with low and medium metal concentrations (0.005–0.05 g/L) and nickel(II)

AbstractThe effect of the destructive O-alkylation of the organic matter of brown coal from the Tyulgan deposit in the South Ural basin on the yield and component composition of bitumoids was studied. The positive effect of alkylation with n-butanol on an increase in the yield of aliphatic lignite bitumoid fractions was found. The process of O-alkylation was optimized in terms of the weight yield of

AbstractThe hydrofining of semicoking coal tar from the Shubarkul deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan) in the presence of nanoheterogeneous molybdenum sulfide catalyst systems (Mo content, 0.025–0.12%) was studied in order to intensify processing technology. The catalysts were in situ prepared in the coal tar with the addition of a sulfidizing agent—elemental sulfur in an amount of 0.03 –0.09 wt % on a

AbstractThe chemical and physicochemical characteristics of brown coals from the Arkhara–Boguchan deposit were studied. These coals have increased ash content (to 18.7%) and high aluminum and silicon contents (to 30.5 and to 69.5%, respectively) and the main petrographic components—vitrinite (42%) and semivitrinite (46%). Separate combustion products (slag, fly ash, and sludge) were obtained by burning

AbstractParametric studies performed using Taguchi methods in order to optimize an experimental process and the results of the development of a laboratory vertical fixed-bed gasifier are reported. It was demonstrated that gasification is a reliable process on a laboratory scale and its results can be used at pilot plants. It was found that the frequency of sample injection at constant weight, the particle

AbstractThe effects of ratios between the starting components, temperature, and reaction time on the interaction of sodium humate (HumNa) with acid reagents was studied, and the following optimal conditions for the production of humate-containing fertilizers were determined: the solid-to-liquid ratio S/L = 1 : 3–4, t = 40–60°C, and τ = 30–40 min. It was found that ammonium humate and sodium and ammonium

AbstractThe concentration and distribution of germanium in coals from the Spetsugli section of the Pavlovsk brown coal deposit in Primorskii krai was studied using mass spectrometry and laser microanalysis. The maximum concentrations of germanium in low-ash coals were established. The distribution of germanium in the vitrinite group macerals of coals and in mineral impurities was studied. A conclusion

AbstractThe applicability of regression equations obtained for peats from the European territory of Russia and Belarus to the conditions of Western Siberia was tested. Calculations showed that these equations can be used for the determination of the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen contents and the group composition of the organic matter of peat (bitumen, water-soluble and hydrolyzable substances, cellulose

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of two types of peat from the Vladimir oblast of Russia in an inert atmosphere of argon was studied for the first time with the combined use of thermogravimetry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and kinetic analysis. The majority of gaseous products (CO2, CO, and CH4) were released at the main stage of pyrolysis at a decomposition temperature of 150–540°C, which

AbstractThe results of the determination of the effect of low-frequency ultrasonic treatment on the thermal cracking of fuel oil mixed with shale from the Kendyrlyk deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan) are reported. It has been established that, upon the addition 12% Kendyrlyk shale to fuel oil with the subsequent ultrasonic treatment of the mixture, the maximum yields of a gasoline fraction with bp to

AbstractVarious aspects of the synthesis of gasoline fraction hydrocarbons from methanol obtained at power-engineering plants for the synthesis of methanol from coal are considered. The methods and approaches used in the modeling of hydrocarbon synthesis processes based on the principles of equilibrium thermodynamics and phase separation processes of multifraction mixtures are substantiated and described

AbstractThe results of quantum-chemical calculations of helium atoms in strong and superstrong magnetic fields are described. The calculations showed the possibility of transferring helium atoms to superstable states with the release of a huge amount of energy, provided that helium was previously converted to a solid state at a sufficiently high pressure and low temperature. In addition to energy production

AbstractThe chemical analysis of a porous carbon material (PCM) from coal of the Maikube coal basin (Kazakhstan) was carried out in this work. The PCM was obtained by carbonization and activation in argon and water vapor atmospheres. The physicochemical characteristics and surface morphology of the test sample were studied. The electrophysical characteristics of the PCM were determined by measuring

AbstractThe composition of brown coal in the Buzulinsk suite of the Sergeevskoe brown coal deposit (Upper Amur region, Russia) was studied using organic geochemistry methods. The distribution of various types of bitumoids over the depth of the section was revealed. The following compounds were identified in hydrocarbon biomarkers by chromatography and chromatography–mass spectrometry: C14–C40n-alkanes

AbstractThe sorption capacity of semicoke from coals of the Ziddi and Fon-Yagnob deposits for lead salts was investigated. It was shown that the sorption capacity of the semicoke is proportional to the concentration of mineral substances (ash content), the particle size of the sorbents, and the concentration of solution. Data on the adsorption activity of the anaerobic thermolysis products (600°C)

AbstractThe influence of the properties of foundry coke on its destruction in the course of transportation was studied. It was found that the rate of destruction of foundry coke samples increased by a factor of 1.23–6.14 upon transportation to distances over 900 km. The concentration of a particle-size class of 80 mm and greater decreased by 9.2–9.7%, and that of a particle-size class of 40 mm and

AbstractThe chemical composition and the temperature dependences of the electrical characteristics (electric capacity, electrical resistance, and dielectric constant) of the ash of Bogatyr coal in its original form and after electromagnetic and electric discharge treatments in a range of 293–483 K were studied, and the procedures of these coal ash treatments were specified. Temperature ranges in which

AbstractA systematic study of the compositions of individual microspheres with sizes of <2.5 μm in a fine fraction of fly ash after the pulverized combustion of Ekibastuz coal was carried out using scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). It was established that individual ash microspheres with diameters of <1 and 1–2.5 μm from aerosol particle

AbstractX-ray fluorescence analysis was used to study the composition of mineral inclusions in outburst-prone coal bed. A relationship between the presence of iron-containing compounds and sulfur in coals with their tendency to gas-dynamic phenomena was revealed. It was found that coal outbursts from the Pechora and Donets basins contained several times more iron than coals from non-hazardous zones

AbstractThe physical and chemical properties and chemical content of solid residues emerging during the production of plant growth regulators “Oxihumate” and “Peat Oxidate” are studied. The possibility of their use as additions to mineral and organic and mineral fertilizers, soil ameliorants and substrates for vermiculture growing and also as reinforcing additions to the different types of molded fuel

AbstractThe production of synthesis gas by the two-stage thermal conversion of agricultural waste of plant origin (straw and sugarcane bagasse) was studied. It was established that this method allows one to obtain 1.21–1.24 m3 of synthesis gas from 1 kg of feedstock. The heat of combustion of the resulting gas was 10.6–11.0 MJ/m3, and the yield of biochar was 26.46–29.90% on a feedstock weight basis

AbstractBased on a comparison of elemental analysis data and IR- and 13C NMR-spectroscopic data, principal differences in the chemical compositions of lithotypes isolated from Kuznetsk Basin coals of different ranks based on characteristic properties were established. The influence of the chemical composition and physical properties (porosity and surface topography) of the lithotypes on the wettability

AbstractThe characteristics of the thermal dissolution of coals of different degrees of metamorphism in the hydrogen-donor solvent tetralin and the anthracene fraction of coal coking tar are compared. It was established that, at 380°C, the dependence of the activity of coal on the metamorphic stage has an extremum. In the tetralin solvent, low-rank coals of grades D and G with a loose supramolecular

AbstractThe porous structure of activated carbons (ACs) formed by fossil coals of different ranks upon alkaline activation with thermal shock (KOH, 800°C) was studied. It was established that the specific surface area of ACs decreased from 2012 to 818 m2/g, the pore volume decreased from 1.088 to 0.269 cm3/g, and the fraction of micropores linearly increased from 0.64 to 0.92 as the Cdaf of the test

AbstractThe effect of the conditions of carboxymethylation of peat humic acids with sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of sodium hydroxide by a mechanochemical method on the concentration of bound carboxymethyl groups and the water solubility of the resulting products was studied. Highly substituted O‑alkylation products containing to 13.3% bound carboxymethyl groups and soluble in water to 95%

AbstractThe results of a study on the heavy residue obtained after the rectification of the semicoking tar of oil shale from the Perelyubskoe deposit (pitch) and coke obtained from it are presented.

AbstractPeat was studied in order to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in it depending on the depth of occurrence. Genetically homogeneous peat layers with occurrence depths of 0–5, 5–35, 35–85, 85–140, 140–220, and 220–375 cm were analyzed for the concentrations of Ag, Hg, Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Tl, and As. The metal concentrations were determined on an ICP-MS Aurora Elite inductively

AbstractSystematic studies on the extraction of germanium compounds from low-grade coals—lignites—on gasification and combustion and theoretical and experimental studies of the behavior of germanium contained in lignite under various processing conditions have been carried out. Optimal conditions for germanium extraction and the manufacture of commercial products are proposed.

AbstractA comparative analysis of the reactivity indices of the model structure of humic acids (HAs) and a number of antioxidants was carried out based on the results of quantum-chemical calculations performed using the density functional theory (DFT) b3lyp/6-31g(d,p) method. With the use of 15 compounds as an example, it was found that the electronegativity index χ linearly correlates with the energy

AbstractThe dependences of coal reactivity characteristics on the following main geological and genetic factors were determined: the petrographic composition, the stage of coalification, the degree of coal oxidation–reduction, and the concentrations and composition of mineral components in coals. On this basis, a set of characteristics (criteria) is proposed for assessing the degree of coal suitability

AbstractThe raw materials base of brown coals for the production of heat-resistant polymer–lignite chemical reagents was selected based on a comparison of the technological parameters of water-based drilling fluids treated with various nanomodified powdered complex polymer–lignite chemicals. On the basis of lignin–alkaline reagents, a highly heat-resistant fluid-loss reducer, a complex low-thixotropic

AbstractThe kinetic characteristics of the oxidation of non-food municipal MSW (MSW) were studied. Energetically valuable components of non-food MSW (sawdust, plastics, cardboard, textiles, leather, and rubber) were used as test samples. The elemental composition and technical characteristics of the test samples were determined using an elemental analyzer and standard procedures. The thermal conversion

AbstractThe adsorption of a typical herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), from its aqueous solution on granular activated carbon (GAC) was studied. The kinetics of adsorption of 2,4-D on GAC and its porosimetric characteristics and microstructure were studied. A high adsorption capacity of GAC for 2,4-D was found.