Abstract The process of the thermal decomposition of the samples of mixed industrial and municipal wastewater sludge was investigated using gas chromatography. The composition of pyrolysis products obtained at temperatures of 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, and 600°C was determined. The groups of organic compounds detected in the pyrolysis products were analyzed. The temperatures of the onset of the release

Abstract The results of a study of asphaltenes isolated from liquid cracking products (at a temperature of 500°C) of high-sulfur tars with an additive of dicumyl peroxide are presented. Characteristic changes in the composition of cracking products depending on the amount of the additive were found. Changes in the structural-group parameters of tar asphaltenes in the course of cracking were determined

Abstract The interaction of carbon materials (graphite, carbon black, and anthracite) with oxidizing agents (air and carbon dioxide) was considered from the standpoint of topochemical reactions. It was shown that the rate of oxidation reactions depends not only on the process temperature and the nature and flow rate of an oxidizing agent but also on the surface area of the activated sample. An increase

Abstract Nano γ-Al2O3 support was prepared by sol-gel method, and the Mg2Si/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by impregnation method from Mg2Si and the γ-Al2O3 support. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption analysis. The catalytic hydrocracking of lignite-related modelcompounds, 1-methoxynaphthalene

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the tree bark of Araucaria angustifolia, for estimate the energy potential of this biomass as a source of renewable energy and products from biorefineries. Studies have been carried out using thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) for thermochemical and

Abstract The catalytic properties of ultrafine nickel powder with a specific surface area of 11.7 m2/g and an average crystallite size of 34 nm, which was obtained by combining dc electrolysis and high-voltage discharge, were determined. The resulting nickel powder was used as a nanoheterogeneous catalyst in the hydrogenation of anthracene and phenanthrene. The degrees of conversion obtained with the

Abstracts The researchers have carried out experimental studies of gaseous products of the joint pyrolysis of power-generating coals, which are typical and widely used in Russia and abroad, and wood (sawdust of pine wood species). According to the research results, it was found that the release of sulfur oxides in the gaseous pyrolysis products of all of the test coal–wood mixtures significantly decreased

Abstract Sulfur dioxide in flue gas from coal-fired power plants presents both ecological and health hazards. Scrubbing dilute, sulfurous flue gas with carbonate eutectic melt at 823K can mitigate these hazards, but for an efficient and economical process, the melt must be regenerated and any resulting contaminants, in particular carbonyl sulfide gas (COS), a known neurotoxin, eliminated. In order

Abstract Processes for the concentration of valuable elements in solid fossil fuels and methods for their determination in the composition of coal and oil shale are presented. Various methods of extracting valuable elements (for example, germanium) from fossil raw materials and their conversion products and an ecological aspect of the influence of the toxic compounds of trace elements formed upon the

Abstract The results of the study of the evolution of the characteristics of dispersed carbon formed during the decomposition of liquid hydrocarbons in an electric arc are presented. It is shown that with an increase in the degree of decomposition of the raw material (assessed by the gas yield), along with a change in its group composition, the characteristics of soot change - the particle diameters

Abstract This study aims to investigate the molecular structure of Yangchangwan (YCW) subbituminous coal using state-of-the-art, multi-scale computer-aided modeling methods and several chemical/physical techniques, such as proximate analysis and chemical composition analysis, FT-IR, 13C NMR, and XPS analyses. Based on the characterizations obtained, pivotal information concerning the elements and chemical

Abstract The thermokinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition of primary coal tar (PCT) from AO Shubarkol Komir in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the presence of a microsilicate nanocatalyst were experimentally determined. The salts of Group VIII metals (iron, cobalt, and nickel) were preliminarily supported onto the surface of the nanocatalyst. The method of thermogravimetry in an inert atmosphere

Abstract Catalytic methanolysis of wheat straw (WS) pretreated by Na2CO3 with different concentrations was performed at 270 and 300°C, respectively. The samples without pretreatment and with pretreatment by 0.1 and 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 were denoted as WS0, WS0.1 and WS0.5, respectively. The results show that the maximum and minimum yields of bio-oil were obtained from catalytic methanolysis of WS0.1 and

Abstract Properties of humic acids (HAs) depend on source of origin as well as method of extraction, and the physicochemical properties of HAs are directly affected by their structure, so it is of great significance to study HAs extracted with different extractants. HAs isolated from two lignite samples with three extractants (KOH, NaOH, Na4P2O7) respectively were characterized using spectral methods

Abstract The aggregation behaviors of asphaltene derived from low temperature coal tar (CTA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) solvents have been investigated by employing FTIR, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation, emission and synchronous spectroscopy). The results indicate that CTA molecule mainly consists of 2–4 rings fused aromatic nucleus and contains multiple

Abstract In this study, torrefaction effect on thermal decomposition of cattle manure under air atmosphere at different heating rates (10–30–50°C/min) was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Iso-conversional kinetic methods of FWO (Flynn–Wall–Ozawa), KAS (Kissenger–Akahira–Sunose) and Starink were used to estimate the activation energy and thermodynamic properties. The results revealed that

Abstract This study was carried out with a view to extract, quantify and characterize humic substances in Nigerian bitumen which desirable for soil fertility treatment. Bitumen samples were extracted from oil sands collected from four different locations: Agbabu, Mile 2, Olowo-Irele and Orisunbare in Ondo state, Nigeria. Extraction was done using Soxhlet extractor using toluene as extracting solvent

Abstract This work leads to improvement towards fuel efficiency of biomass by pelletizing at different pressures with different percentage of coal. Two species of wood sawdust–Gurjan Balsam, Teak, and a coal sample were used in this study. Analysis of unprocessed raw materials were conducted to evaluate their fuel characteristics. From our observation, it is eminent that pellet density increases radically

Abstract The results of studies on solid fuel quality control by neutron gamma radiation spectrometry of the inelastic scattering of fast neutrons on carbon and the radiation capture of thermal neutrons by ash-forming elements are presented. Close correlations between various qualitative characteristics (heat of combustion, carbon content, and ash content) were established. The inversive alternating-sign

Abstract The gasification of solid fuels of different elemental compositions in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 mixtures was studied using equilibrium thermodynamic modeling. The dependences of process characteristics (temperature and the yield of carbon residue) on the composition of gasification agent and the stoichiometric ratio were calculated. The addition of carbon dioxide, on the one hand, promoted the conversion

Abstract In this study, the pyrolysis of Konya Ermenek lignite was carried out under different conditions in N2 gas flow.Temperature (400, 500, 600 and 700°C), heating rate (5, 10, 15 and 20°C/min), flow rates of gas (100, 150, 200 and 250 cc/min) and residence time (45, 60, 75 and 90 min) were selected as experimental parameters. Taguchi experimental design was used to optimize pyrolysis parameters

Abstract Data on the concentrations of trace elements in coals and coal ashes from productive beds I and II of the Mugunsk deposit (Irkutsk coal basin) are presented. The mineral composition of the test samples is given. It was found that the concentrations of Sc, Ti, and Sr reached minimal commercial contents. Mineral carriers of the trace elements are proposed.

Abstract The synthesis of graphene-containing nanomaterials from grade D coal of the Shubarkol deposits (Kazakhstan) was carried out. The graphene-containing nanomaterials were prepared using electric arc discharge based on coke from Shubarkol coal obtained at 1173 K in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Several layered graphene flakes were synthesized using an arc discharge at a constant voltage of 75 V and

Abstract The relationship between the cross-cut distribution of bitumen (raw crude mountain wax) and the nature of the organic matter of coal from the Sergeevskoe brown coal deposit was investigated. It was found that bitumen of terrestrial genesis was present in a maximum concentration (15%), whereas bitumen of aquagenic origin had a minimum concentration (4%). Humic acids (70%) were evenly distributed

Abstract Knowledge on pyrolysis of low-rank coals is of vital important since it has significant effect on their thermal conversion such as gasification, liquefaction, and combustion. However, kinetic background on pyrolysis of different low-rank coals is still insufficient. In this work, pyrolysis of three low-rank coals, i.e., Xilinguole lignite (XL), Naomaohu lignite (NL), and Shenmu-Fugu subbituminous

Abstract The dehydrochlorination of polyvinyl chloride with diethylamine in the presence of nickel nitrate was carried out on mechanical processing in a high-energy planetary mill. The subsequent heat treatment of the resulting product to 400°C led to the formation of a metal–carbon nanocomposite, in which nickel nanoparticles 50–100 nm in diameter were distributed in an amorphous carbon matrix. The

Abstract The results of a numerical calculation for the known experimentally determined temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of artificial graphite based on isotropic coke, which was performed with consideration for the shape and electrical connection of lamellar crystals in a polycrystal, are reported. A chain model, in which graphite flakes were represented as unimodal lamellar crystals

Abstract The recent advancements in spectroscopic techniques have made them a powerful tool for identifying, characterizing, and quantifying materials and compounds. This paper represents fly ash’s characterization for its effective utilization in various fields by using spectroscopic techniques such as SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, XPS, AAS, and flame photometer. Analysis of different fly ash samples and their

Abstract The allothermal conversion of a fuel mixture consisting of peat and rapeseed oil under the action of a powerful flux of visible light is considered. It was found that a mixture containing 65 wt % rapeseed oil can be converted at atmospheric pressure into producer gas in which a ratio between the partial volumes of combustible and noncombustible components is higher than unity. The temperature

Abstract The influence of ultrasonication on the O-alkylation of the organic matter of brown coal from the Tyul’ganskoe deposit of the South Ural basin was investigated. The positive influence of this treatment method on the yield of bitumoids was shown. Data on the group and component compositions of bitumoids extracted from brown coal O-alkylated under the influence of ultrasound were presented.

Abstract Comparative analysis of the composition of lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones) in sphagnum mosses, herbaceous plants, heather dwarf shrubs, and peats of high bogs of Western Siberia was carried out by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. It was shown that different marsh plant species differ in ratios between long-chain n-alkanes, and this fact makes it possible to diagnose the

Abstract The effects of chemical modification and the modes of anthracite activation with an air–steam mixture on the adsorption properties and characteristics of carbon sorbents were studied. As a result, it was found that the most important factors for increasing the adsorption characteristics of activated carbons (ACs) in the activation process are the use of air–steam activation and the optimization