Abstract A new method for the production of fuel briquettes from carbon-containing fine waste and an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol under pressure was developed. It was found that a freeze–thaw cycle promotes the formation of fuel briquettes with a minimum amount of the polymer binder. Samples of high-grade fuel with high physicomechanical and energy characteristics were obtained for use in

Abstract The ignition thresholds and kinetic characteristics of the glow of flames under the action of nanosecond laser pulses (τi = 14 ns) of a YAG:Nd3+ laser (λ = 1064 nm) on coals of DG (long-flame gas), G (gas), Zh (fat), and K (coking) grades from the Kuznetsk Basin were measured. The stages associated with the evaporation of microprotrusions on the surface of particles and the development of

Abstract The adsorption of phenol by activated carbons obtained by the alkaline thermolysis (KOH, 800°C) of fossil coals of various degrees of metamorphism (Cdaf = 70.4–95.6%) was studied. Kinetic dependences and adsorption isotherms were obtained at initial concentrations of ≤3 mg/cm3 (25°C). The rate constants of absorption of the adsorbate, maximum and specific capacities for phenol, and their dependences

Abstract A procedure for the construction of an approximating particle-size distribution function of a dispersed phase using a dynamic light scattering method was proposed. This procedure makes it possible to pass from the experimental spectrum in the particle size–intensity coordinates to theoretical particle size–number of particles and particle size–weight of particles spectra and obtain additional

Abstract The calculated thermodynamic functions of a primary coal tar fraction with a final boiling point of 300°C were presented for the modeling of hydrogenation products using an additive method. Based on model reactions of the hydrogenation of o-cresol, it was demonstrated that the hydrogenation of an aromatic ring is more likely than the hydrogenolysis of the bonds of methyl and hydroxyl groups

Abstract Structural changes in resins and asphaltenes in the course of their separate and combined cracking were studied. Cracking was carried out in a batch reactor at 450°C for 2 h. Data on the mass balance of the cracking process and the composition of liquid products were obtained, and the structural-group analysis of resins and asphaltenes was carried out. It was found that condensation reactions

Abstract The similarities and differences in the composition of organosulfur compounds in the organic matter of oil shale from Upper Jurassic, Middle Devonian, and Middle Cambrian deposits were characterized using modern analytical techniques (selective chemical destruction with the use of nickel boride, supercritical fluid extraction, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional gas chromatography

Abstract The extraction of water-soluble total alkylresorcinols from the tar water of the Kiviter shale-chemical process with methyl isobutyl ketone was studied. The effects of the volume ratio between contacting phases, the time and rate of mixing, the temperature regime, and the initial concentration of total phenols on the degree of their extraction were considered. A maximum recovery of 99% was

Abstract Loy Yang lignite was pyrolyzed under nitrogen atmosphere in a tube furnace. The changes in physicochemical properties during low-temperature pyrolysis process and their effects on water re-adsorption capacity were investigated. All the samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, N2 adsorption–desorption analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover

Abstract The thermal decomposition of various types of biofuel was investigated by pyrolytic gas chromatography. Chromatograms were obtained for 5 biofuel samples, and more than 40 components were identified and classified into 8 groups. The qualitative analysis of the pyrolysis products was performed, and the results obtained for different biofuels were compared.

Abstract The results of experimental studies on the selection of binders for the briquetting of anthracite fines and coal slimes available in the Rostov oblast are presented. The effects of the particle-size distribution of coal components, the binder content, the moisture content of the charge, and the specific compacting pressure on the technical properties of fuel briquettes were studied. The proximate

Abstract The semicoking process of 2B brown coal under an excess pressure of external gases in a range of 0–30 bar was investigated. The dependence of the main characteristics of the resulting product on the process pressure, temperature, and heating time were found. The characteristics of the brown coal semicoke obtained by heat treatment under pressure are presented.

Abstract A preparation of peat humic acids modified by electrochemical treatment in an alkaline medium on iron electrodes was obtained. The effect of the electrochemical treatment on the dispersed composition of the particles of humic substances was determined using dynamic light scattering (quantum correlation spectroscopy). It was found that humic compounds in solution predominantly occur in the

Abstract Calorimetric and gravimetric measurements of C-3 spectral graphite and OU-B activated carbon dispersions in an inert gas atmosphere of argon were performed at different temperatures. These studies are of considerable current interest in graphite and activated carbon technologies. It was established that the weight loss in an inert gas atmosphere at temperatures to 1000°C is an important parameter

Abstract The kinetics of adsorption of salicylic acid from aqueous solutions on microporous granular activated carbon (GAC) was studied. The high adsorption capacity of GAC for this substance was shown. The order of adsorption of salicylic acid and the activation energy of adsorption were determined.

Abstract The influence of the process conditions of hydrothermal carbonization (temperature, process duration, the presence of a catalyst (citric acid), and the raw material/water ratio) on the properties of hydrochar obtained from peat was studied. The following regularities were found: the weight and energy yields of the hydrochar decreased with the temperature and reaction time. An increase in the

Abstract The efficiency of thermal shock (TS), which was introduced instead of temperature-programmed heating (4 K/min) in the alkaline activation (KOH, 800°C) of fossil coals of the entire metamorphic series (Сdaf = 70.4–95.6%), was evaluated by comparing the porous structure characteristics of activated carbons (ACs). ACs with increased specific surface areas (by a factor of ≤2.5) and pore volumes

Abstract The thermal dissolution of coals of a wide metamorphism series from the deposits of Russia and Mongolia in the anthracene fraction of coking tar at 380°C was studied. According to the data of a correlation analysis, it was found that the reflectivity of vitrinite, the yield of volatile substances, the carbon content, and the temperature Tmax at which the main release of volatile substances

Abstract Recent developments in the use of activated carbons (ACs) of various geneses for wastewater treatment to remove copper, nickel, cadmium, and lead ions, which most frequently occur in industrial and municipal wastewaters, are summarized.

Abstract A technological scheme has been developed for the utilization of a water–tar mass containing toxic organic compounds from the phenol series formed in the course of coal gasification. Coal tar pitch was obtained based on the multiple distillation of the separated tar mass, and its application to the production of carbon electrodes was investigated.

Abstract The thermodynamic characteristics of the reactions of the potassium salts of humic acids with IIA group metal cations were calculated using the PM6 quantum-chemical method. It was found that the interaction of the phenolate anions of humic acids with barium, beryllium, and calcium cations from their chloride solutions is thermodynamically allowed. Recommendations were given for the use of

Abstract The results of the high-temperature hydrogenation of phenol and the phenolic fraction of coal tar from the AO Shubarkol Komir by-product coke plant in the presence of MoO3 with the use of coke oven gas components as hydrogenating and alkylating agents are reported. When the fraction was hydrogenated in the СО–Н2О system, phenol was alkylated with methanol formed as a result of water gas reaction

Abstract The chemical analysis of humic acids and their activated forms based on brown coal from the Maikuben coal basin (Kazakhstan) was carried out. The humic acids were obtained on the basis of potassium humates. Activated humic acids (AHAs) were prepared by carbonization and activation in argon and water vapor atmospheres at 873 K, and the physicochemical characteristics and surface morphology

Abstract The distribution of ash-forming elements and rare earth elements (REEs) in the 2.2-Ulug coal seam and in the coal-bearing rocks of the Kaa-Khem deposit is considered. It was found that ash in unoxidized and semi-oxidized coals was ferruginous–calcium–siliceous and hydrolyzate, HMav = 1.40, and alumina–siliceous siallitic, HMav = 0.49, in oxidized coals. The carbonate composition of the intraformational

Abstract The thermolysis of Mongolian coals of different ranks was studied using thermal analysis (TG/DTG). The stepwise decomposition under conditions of programmed heating to 1000°C in an atmosphere of argon was found. The kinetic parameters of pyrolysis were determined based on thermogravimetric analysis with the use of model-fitting (Coats–Redfern) and model-free (Ozawa–Flynn–Wall) calculation

Abstract The pyrolysis of coffee husks and coffee parchment at 350 and 500°C was considered as the first stage of gasification by the two-stage thermal conversion of biomass into synthesis gas. The yields and compositions of pyrolysis products at the selected temperatures were determined. It was found that a significant amount of acetic acid was formed in the aqueous phase of the pyrogenic liquid to

Abstract The concentrations and distributions of industrially valuable trace elements associated with germanium in the coals of the Spetsugli section of the Pavlovsk brown coal deposit in Primorskii krai was studied using mass spectrometry and laser microanalysis. The concentrations of a number of metals in traditional types of ores at a minimum industrial level were established. Geochemical associations

Abstract The production of synthetic hydrocarbons from sunflower husk biomass including the stages of gasification and the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis of hydrocarbons was studied. It was found that H2/CO = 2 was an optimal ratio for the production of motor-fuel hydrocarbon fractions, and steam–oxygen gasification provided a minimum concentration of ballast components in the synthesis gas. The synthesized

Abstract The applicability of a new carbon material—carbon foam with a cellular structure synthesized from the pyrolysis products of hydrocarbon gases—as a catalyst support was demonstrated. The modification of the carbon foam by the deposition of nanoglobular carbon particles on its surface made it possible to obtain a nonporous material with a specific surface area of <1 m2/g and an open-cell structure

Abstract Methods for the production of metal–carbon nanoparticles of the core–shell type based on the formation of transition metal nanoparticles and a graphite-like shell on their surface containing to 50 graphene layers are considered. Various types of high-energy impacts or thermal transformations under exposure in a temperature range of 600–850°С were used for the synthesis of metal–carbon nanoparticles

Abstract The effect of elevated temperatures on the textural and structural characteristics of the carbon material Sibunit in an oxygen-containing atmosphere was studied depending on the preliminary treatment of Sibunit with HNO3 and the presence and the amount of an active component (Pt). According to the results of thermogravimetry, the preliminary treatment of Sibunit with HNO3 led to an increase

Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is one of the main issues towards sustainable development. Various technologies are studied to solve it. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an appropriate technology selection to reduce the waste volume primarily and to utilize MSW as the energy source because of its high the calorific value inside. This paper describes the potential of hydrochar production

Abstract Bottom ash samples were collected during four seasons from the largest lignite-fired power plant of Greece, named Agios Dimitrios. Dry sieving and particle size analysis were performed for all samples. Coarse fractions were initially examined by a stereo-microscope. Four fractions (>1.25, 0.63–1.25, 0.18–0.63, <0.18 mm) of each sample were created after homogenization and ground for analytical

Abstract Spent biochar obtained after water treatment especially metal adsorption could be used as a solid fuel. In this study, soil application potential and fuel value of cadmium contaminated biochar was investigated. Biochar prepared from Parthenium (PBC) and the thermally modified biochar (MPBC) was artificially contaminated with different concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l) of Cd solution

Abstract Carbothermic reduction of iron oxide is an important reaction in Ferro-alloy production process. Coke and bio-char are the main resource carbon for these industries. Carbon not only takes part in reduction reaction but also have important role in maintaining required carbon percentage in metal and contribution in energy supply for the process. Thus the price of carbonaceous material has significant

Abstract Various factors of the influence of carbon matrices on the textural, structural, and electrochemical properties of nanocomposites based on highly dispersed carbon black after the thermal-oxidative action of steam are considered. The results of the measurements of the electrical resistance of nanocomposites with coke-pitch and pyrocarbon matrices and the testing of these materials by cyclic

Abstract The possibility of using carbon black (CB) as a support of palladium catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of organic compounds is considered. The advantages of Pd/CB catalysts are demonstrated by examples of liquid-phase hydrogenation of aromatic aldehydes and nitro compounds. The combination of high catalytic parameters (activity, selectivity, and stability) achieved by these catalysts

Abstract The results of studies on the production and properties of porous carbon-containing materials from various renewable natural raw materials, methods used for modifying textural and physicochemical characteristics, and the application of the resulting materials as the supports of catalysts for various processes are presented.

Abstract The formation of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation catalysts whose active centers are determined by the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups located on the surface of a porous carbon material rather than by their nontransition metal or metal oxide constituents was considered. The prospects of using carbon catalysts instead of traditional metal/metal oxide systems in the direct and oxidative

Abstract The applications of catalysts based on molybdenum carbide are considered. Attention is focused on the effects of molybdenum carbide preparation methods on the crystal structure and catalytic activity of molybdenum carbide in the redox reactions of organic compounds.

Abstract A program for the calculation of a gasification process based on a mathematical model of direct-flow coal gasification with liquid slag removal is proposed. Calculations were performed for Chinese gas coals. A good agreement between the experimental and calculated data of the process is demonstrated.

Abstract In the current project, V2O5 extraction from fuel fly ash was carried out, and the advanced extraction method was investigated. This reduced the percentage of industrial fuel fly ash residue pollution in the environment. The project was done with two materials: V2O5 and fuel fly ash. The extraction method includes alkaline leaching, pH regulation, ammonium compounds addition, and calcination

Abstract It is shown that the modernization of boilers for a low-temperature vortex (LTV) technology of coal combustion can provide a comprehensive increase in their energetic and environmental performance characteristics and the efficiency of ash collectors. Specific emissions of heavy metals with ash particles carried into the atmosphere per unit of generated energy in a boiler unit with a low-temperature

Abstract A nanocomposite material based on humic acid and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes was obtained using ultrasonic treatment. The composition and properties of the nanocomposite were characterized. The applicability of the nanocomposite material as a sorbent for wastewater treatment was demonstrated.

Abstract To understand quality of coking coal possessing different particle sizes, coal samples from Gao Yang (GY) and Shui Yu (SY) mines were systematically studied. The samples had wide particle size variations with six distinct ranges. The main emphasis was placed on analyzing sulfur and coke contents as function of particle sizes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze sulfur

Abstract The results of an experimental study of the electrical resistivity of anthracites and thermoanthracites obtained from them are reported. The inhomogeneity of resistivity in the samples was taken into account and quantitatively evaluated, and the manifestation of this factor in the development of a composite product based on thermoanthracite as a filler and coal pitch as a binder were considered

Abstract Possible chemical reaction schemes of the interaction of the organic matter of coal (OMC) with the decomposition products of sodium nitrite in the determination of the ignition temperatures of unoxidized (reduced), tested, and oxidized coals according to DSTU 7611:2014 “Coal: Method for the Determination of Oxidation and the Degree of Oxidation” were proposed. Studies on the determination

Abstract The elemental and structural-group compositions and paramagnetic properties of the humic acids of peat occurring at different depths of peat deposits of various geneses have been investigated. With decreasing the depth of peat occurrence, the extracted humic acids were characterized by a decrease in the Н/С ratio and the amount of carboxyl and methylene groups and an increase in the signal

Abstract The results of experimental studies of the terminal velocity of peat dust in an air flow with different size distributions of dust particles are presented, and the particle sizes and shapes were examined by microscopic methods. The aerodynamic drag of peat particles of various sizes in an air flow was studied, and a criterion relationship between the drag coefficient CD and the Reynolds number

Abstract Methods and conditions for the separation of different groups of organic matter in the group analysis of peat, which have been developed and improved in different countries over more than 100 years, are analyzed. Data on the influence of the type of extractant, temperature, pH, extraction time, and other factors on the yield and properties of different groups of organic matter from peat are

Abstract The thermal decomposition of the mixtures of crushed coal and wood was experimentally studied in a temperature range from 400 to 1000°C. According to the results of the experiments, the possibility of using wood as an additive to mixed fuel based on coal to decrease the yield of sulfur oxides upon combustion in large- and small-scale power boilers was confirmed. With a decrease in the energy

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AbstractThe samples of native and hydrogen peroxide–modified humic acids (HAs) separated from brown coals of the Tisul’skoe deposit in the Kansk-Achinsk Basin were obtained. The HA samples were characterized by instrumental methods: elemental and technical analysis and EPR spectroscopy. The modification of HAs affected the structural-group composition and decreased the concentration of paramagnetic

AbstractThe kinetics of an intermediate fraction of coal tar with a boiling point of 230–300°C in the presence of a Fe3O4 nanocatalyst was studied. The rate constants of cavitation processing of coal tar were calculated using the Simpson method with a random search optimization, and the apparent activation energy of the cavitation process with the intermediate fraction of coal tar was determined. The

AbstractA study of the thermal effects observed during the low-temperature pyrolysis of various types of pelletized biomass (sunflower husk, coniferous wood, litter-litter mass) is presented. It is shown that during sunflower husk torrefaction the greatest exothermic effect is observed and the possible reasons for its occurrence are explained. The influence of a small oxygen content in the heating

AbstractThe sorption properties of a modified ethylenediamine humate (EDA–H) sorbent toward Co2+ and Ni2+ metal ions are considered. The results of the influence of sorbent norm (0.05–2.0 g), process time (15–120 min), and metal concentration (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 g/L) are presented. The advanced extraction of cobalt(II) in solutions with low and medium metal concentrations (0.005–0.05 g/L) and nickel(II)

AbstractThe effect of the destructive O-alkylation of the organic matter of brown coal from the Tyulgan deposit in the South Ural basin on the yield and component composition of bitumoids was studied. The positive effect of alkylation with n-butanol on an increase in the yield of aliphatic lignite bitumoid fractions was found. The process of O-alkylation was optimized in terms of the weight yield of

AbstractThe hydrofining of semicoking coal tar from the Shubarkul deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan) in the presence of nanoheterogeneous molybdenum sulfide catalyst systems (Mo content, 0.025–0.12%) was studied in order to intensify processing technology. The catalysts were in situ prepared in the coal tar with the addition of a sulfidizing agent—elemental sulfur in an amount of 0.03 –0.09 wt % on a

AbstractThe chemical and physicochemical characteristics of brown coals from the Arkhara–Boguchan deposit were studied. These coals have increased ash content (to 18.7%) and high aluminum and silicon contents (to 30.5 and to 69.5%, respectively) and the main petrographic components—vitrinite (42%) and semivitrinite (46%). Separate combustion products (slag, fly ash, and sludge) were obtained by burning

AbstractParametric studies performed using Taguchi methods in order to optimize an experimental process and the results of the development of a laboratory vertical fixed-bed gasifier are reported. It was demonstrated that gasification is a reliable process on a laboratory scale and its results can be used at pilot plants. It was found that the frequency of sample injection at constant weight, the particle