In silico process development constitutes a viable option for accelerating CMC development timelines and can be achieved through either a hybrid-modeling-driven or an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven avenue. Each pathway has its own pros and cons but the biggest difference is that the former can be developed in-house whereas the latter requires inter-corporation collaboration. Motivated by the precedence

Modulation of glycosylation in therapeutic proteins is a critical aspect to their development and production. The levels of various glycan moieties greatly impact the therapeutic protein’s overall efficacy and safety. As such, controlling the glycan levels and understanding potential levers that impact them is highly desirable. Various computational tools exist to understand these levers and quantify

For more than a century, chromatography has been indispensable as a separation method for both analytics and purification. Among the variety of chromatographic techniques, liquid chromatography has a special status owing to its efficiency and versatility, and its status is further enhanced by the continuous improvements of analysers, materials, methods and understanding, all supported by computational

Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) are a novel class of biological therapeutics that utilise ground-breaking clinical interventions to prevent and treat life-threatening diseases. At the same time, viral vector-based and RNA-based platforms introduce a new generation of vaccine manufacturing processes. Their clinical success has led to an unprecedented rise in the demand that, for ATMPs, leads

Mammalian cells have been used widely as biopharmaceutical cell factories due to their ability to make complex biotherapeutic proteins with human-compatible modifications. However, their application for some products has been hampered by low protein yields. Numerous studies have aimed to characterize cellular bottlenecks in the hope of boosting protein productivity, but the complexity of the underlying

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely used as substitute for metal in implants, especially in orthopedic surgery. Popular clinical applications of PEEK implants include interbody fusion and instrumentations in spinal surgery, component alternatives in joint arthroplasty, interference screws and fixation implants for osteotomy in sports surgery, and fracture implants for osteosynthesis. Several

The end of life (EoL) of plastic polymers depends on when they stop being considered a resource and begin to be considered a waste. Even with dynamic management, plastic pollution will increase in the coming decades. Reduction strategies focus on reducing the quantities of materials used in the construction of individual objects for packaging, support for reuse and recycling, incentives for gathering

It is commonly agreed in the current legislative and scientific discourse that plastics recycling rates should be increased. Many recycling studies are dedicated towards this, but often they focus on post-household plastic waste. Non-household end-use plastics seems to be forgotten in data gathering, policy making and research, but have promising potential for high quality recycling. In this manuscript

Continuous processing has been garnering much interest lately for production of biopharmaceutical products. Purported benefits include higher productivity (10-15X), significant shrinkage in facility footprint as well as equipment cost, and improved process control and consistency in product quality. However, industrial implementation remains a non-trivial task due to the significant complexities associated

Hybrid renewable energy systems, as the combination of different energy systems, provide a promising way to harvest maximum renewable energy. In the past decade, it has been a popular and rising topic in the research field. In this paper, the emerging application as well as the recent development in the design and operation of hybrid renewable energy systems are reviewed. The remaining challenges and

Decarbonization of the maritime transportation fuels is a primary objective of the shipping industry. Ammonia is an attractive option because of its relatively low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, high energy density, competitive cost, and ubiquitous infrastructure for manufacturing, storage, and distribution. The environmental benefits are enhanced when the manufacture of ammonia is assisted by renewable

There is growing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from maritime transportation. One of the most effective strategies for reducing GHG emissions is to switch from conventional fuels such as heavy fuel oil to alternative fuels. Green hydrogen is a promising alternative for the shipping industry. Nonetheless, its potential usage will depend on more than its environmental friendliness

Antibiotics are critically important for treating microbial infections. Conventional antibiotics are intrinsically compromised by risk of cultivating antimicrobial resistance, poor bioavailability, toxicity, frequent dosing regimens, and poor patient compliance. Physiological barriers are an important driver of many of these shortcomings. Nanoscale carriers delivering antibiotics, termed nanomedicines

Synucleinopathies are a subset of debilitating neurodegenerative disorders for which clinically approved therapeutic options to either halt or retard disease progression are currently unavailable. Multiple synergistic pathological mechanisms in combination with the characteristic misfolding of proteins are attributable to disease pathogenesis and progression. This complex interplay, as well as the

Although usually studied separately, integrating the landscape design problem with biomass supply chain network design (SCND) has the potential to identify farm to fuel production systems that work cohesively and are holistically sustainable. Expanding the SCND system boundary to include landscape design presents spatially explicit modeling challenges, but also allows better control of feedstock supply

In this work we contextualize the energy transition problem to highlight the importance to develop mathematical models to simulate and optimize large scale energy systems for the replacement of systems based on fossil fuels with renewable technologies. We briefly present the most widely used energy system models, their main applications, and the available tools to develop new ones. Moreover, we indicate

Synthetic ammonia is essential for agriculture, but its production at present is unsustainable. Ammonia synthesized with hydrogen from renewable-powered electrolysis and nitrogen separated from air has the potential to alleviate these sustainability concerns while also having promise as a low-cost storage medium for intermittent renewable energy. This paper reviews recent research and development on

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are committed to boosting the proportion of renewable energy (RE) in their overall energy mix to reduce the economic reliance on fossil fuels. The governments and regulatory authorities in GCC countries are very much open to adopting newly developed efficient and applicable RE technologies to fulfill their individual renewable energy implementation targets

Regulation of metabolism in mammalian cells is achieved through a complex interplay between cellular signaling, metabolic reactions, and transcriptional changes. The modeling of metabolic fluxes in a cell requires the knowledge of all these mechanisms, some of which may be unknown. A cybernetic approach provides a framework to model these complex interactions through implicit accounting of such regulatory

Cell culture processes are used to produce the vast majority of protein therapeutics, valued at over US$180 billion per annum worldwide. For more than a decade now, these processes have become highly productive. To further enhance capital efficiency, there has been an increase in the adoption of disposable apparatus and continuous processing, as well as a greater exploration of in-line sensing, various

Recent advances in nanoparticle (NP) technology have revealed potential to improve efficiencies in agriculture and plant biotechnology — specifically through controlled nutrient delivery, pathogen mitigation, and genetic engineering. However, most NP-based biotechnology applications have focused on demonstrative experimental studies, with few rigorous mechanistic explanations of how NPs translocate

Neurological diseases account for a significant portion of the global disease burden. While research efforts have identified potential drugs or drug targets for neurological diseases, most therapeutic platforms are still ineffective at reaching the target location selectively and with high yield. Restricted transport, including passage across the blood–brain barrier, through the brain parenchyma, and

Bionanotechnology is an ever-expanding field as innovations in nanotechnology continue to be developed based on biological systems or to be applied to address unmet needs in biology, biomedicine, etc., including various sensor and drug delivery solutions. Amidst the wide range of bionanomaterials that have been developed, stimuli responsive bionanomaterials are of particular interest and are thus emphasized

Although microbes competing for simple substrates are well-known to obey the ecological competitive exclusion principle, little is known regarding how complex substrates influence the ecology of microbial communities. The vast structural diversity of polysaccharides makes them ideal substrates for cooperative microbial degradation. Potential mechanisms for division of metabolic labor in microbial communities

Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is generally hindered by the selectivity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, there is strong evidence that the integrity of the BBB is compromised under certain pathological conditions, potentially providing a window to deliver drugs to injured brain regions. Recent studies suggest that caveolae-mediated transcytosis, a transport pathway suppressed

We investigate recent advances in the Chemical Engineering aspects of food structuring agents and macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and also the fate of food upon ingestion. Prebiotic effects on host-microbe interactions enable improved immune response and pathogen control. Formulation Engineering is an emerging area in the field of Chemical Engineering and requires detailed knowledge

The N-alkylation of amines constitutes one of the most widely applied transformations in synthetic chemistry, but established methods often utilise non-renewable feedstocks and must be adapted for a post fossil fuel world. This review is focused on emerging methodologies in which redox surrogate reagents to carbonyl compounds are used which may be more readily sourced from nature. The review considers

Development of brain therapeutics is significantly hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Classical transwell models are able to recapitulate many important aspects of drug transport across the BBB, but are not completely predictive of in vivo brain uptake. Species differences further complicate translation of experimental therapeutics from the benchtop to the clinic. Human BBB

This review will focus on advances in the development of such biosensor in tracking cellular events with a focus on their technical novelty.

Since the approval of the first biotherapeutic protein produced from CHO cells in 1987, researchers have been studying how to improve protein titer and product quality, mainly through cell line development and bioprocess optimization. With recent advances in genetic editing methods (CRISPR/Cas systems) together with large scale systems biology data, further improvements have been made. Here we outline

13C-MFA is currently the only technique capable of elucidating intracellular metabolic fluxes. Generally, in 13C-MFA studies the reactions that can carry flux are mostly pre-specified by only considering canonical pathways and ignoring alternate ones. This may bias flux elucidation and cause labeling data to erroneously confirm implied assumptions. By expanding the scope of the metabolic mapping models

The ability to utilize agricultural waste products is one of the many reasons why bioprocessing using Escherichia coli is an attractive alternative to unsustainable fossil fuel-based methods for chemical synthesis. However, mixed sugar co-utilization is a challenge for E. coli due to the effects of carbon catabolite repression (CCR), which dictates a preference for the consumption of glucose over secondary

As the interface between the vasculature and the central nervous system (CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of the CNS but hinders drug delivery. Accordingly, in vitro modeling of the BBB has been and continues to be of great interest to scientists studying neurological diseases and developing

Energy is required to convert CO2 into useful products. Thermodynamic arguments can be made to show that, if the energy for the conversion of CO2 is provided by combustion of fossil feedstock, it is not possible to consume more CO2 than is produced. Renewable energy, specifically renewable power, is generally assumed to be the energy source for CO2 utilization. Various options are available for using

Flow chemistry has progressed considerably in recent years from basic laboratory techniques in organic synthetic chemistry to complex, multistep processes in practice. In this perspective review, missing links that represent opportunities for chemists and chemical engineers are examined. New avenues in reaction chemistry are expanding the molecular toolbox, which includes green and cascade catalysis

The review covers the hydrodynamic and physico-chemical aspects of a number of inter-related situations arising in relation to flows in the individual nanochannels and microchannels or in the interconnected networks of microscopic pores inside membranes formed by electrospun nanofibers. The applications of such flows or devices comprised of such elements are discussed too, having in mind reverse osmosis

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing has revolutionized the modern metal manufacturing industry. AM technology allows for fabrication of highly customized 3D objects where both shape and composition can be tailored. Compared to traditional methods, metal AM technology has advantages in saving time and cost. Recent developments in metal AM systems include upgrades in energy source and part resolution

Microscale electrokinetic systems have offer attractive characteristics for the analysis of proteins; in particular, systems that rely on both, linear and nonlinear electrokinetic effects, have proven to be effective platforms for sensing, sorting and purifying protein particles. The present contribution is focused on the assessment of protein samples (protein solutions, exosomes, protein nanocrystals)

In recent years, several new methods have been developed to precisely manipulate small particles using optical, electric, acoustic, magnetic, or fluidic fields. Automated fluidic trapping has emerged as a particularly powerful method to control colloidal particles, cells, or single polymers using only fluid flow. Here, we discuss recent advances in the automation of particle manipulation, focusing

Polymer membranes are widely utilized in industrial separation processes. Along with numerous experiments conducted for gas and liquid separations, molecular simulations have also been performed to fundamentally elucidate separation mechanisms in polymer membranes. However, the simulation studies are mostly limited to gas and aqueous mixtures, and non-aqueous separations such as pervaporation and organic

Nowadays most membrane separation processes utilize membranes made from organic polymers because shape and structure can be tailored to the needs of a specific application with scalable fabrication processes such as solution casting and phase separation, coating and interfacial polymerization. This short review discusses recent progress for membranes suited for molecular separation in aqueous and organic

The increase in demand and high product diversification range with reduced unit quantities leads to the innovation of flexible and digitized production. The emerging concept, like Additive Manufacturing (AM), is extensively used to make a prototype with insufficient mechanical strength. For addressing this problem, advancement in the production of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) composites is introduced

Ion selective separations are becoming increasingly important in many water and energy applications. Ion exchange membranes could address these separation challenges, but advanced understanding of the structure-property relationships that connect polymer chemistry and membrane morphology to selectivity properties is needed. Membrane-based ion separations can be driven by concentration or electric field

The melt pool dimensions and pool-shapes that are possible with directed beam-heating are explored with a collapsed parameter model, and compared with experimental results. The peak temperatures, temperature gradients and fluid flow velocities/cells are calculated for various beam parameters. The key solidification parameters including the interface velocity are discussed for various beam powers, beam

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals and alloys opens tremendous opportunities in production of parts with complex shapes and geometries. One of the main challenges is formation of residual stress during fabrication processes which substantially affects service life of engineering components. This paper provides a brief introduction to different types, formation mechanisms, and measurement techniques

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is an ideal technology for building flexible, complex, monolithic devices. Organs-on-chips (OOCs) are biomimetic microsystems that recapitulate the crucial structures and functions of human organs. Organ-level activities, mechanics and physiological response can be stimulated and investigated in OOCs. Convergence of AM technology along with OOCs offers a more

Understanding the chemical risk to environment and human health is an important issue when a waste management strategy and a control risk system is analyzed and selected. This is even more important at the end-of-life (recycling, recovery and disposal) scenario for a chemical due to the uncertainty in respect of the most susceptible receptors (e.g., workers), pathways (e.g., groundwater), routes (e

The chemical industry makes extensive use of solvents, especially for chemical reactions and separations. When considering the large number of existing solvents and the necessity for finding new and alternative ones, systematic methods for the optimal selection and molecular design of solvents become significant for efficient and sustainable chemical manufacturing. During the past decade, a substantial