A cross-focused microchannel with symmetrical chamber is constructed to improve coalescence efficiency of droplets. The flow behavior of droplets and time scale are investigated experimentally. Results show that the flow patterns could be divided into four regimes: long droplet, multiple coalescence, double coalescence and non-coalescence. Moreover, the evolutions of deformation value and rotation

Nanofiltration is widely used in separation of ions with different sizes and charges. However, thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane is hard to reach satisfied selectivity for monovalent ions from divalent ions. In this study, polyamide thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration membranes were prepared via interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride on a PES substrate by

Herein, an aldehyde group mediated in situ reduction approach is presented for preparation of silver nanoparticles anchored oxidized regenerated cellulose (Ag/ORC) microfibers. During the preparation, cellulose acetate (CA) microfibers are produced by electrospining and treated with heat and alkaline to form regenerated cellulose (RC) microfibers. After oxidating the RC microfibers by NaIO4, the generated

Three-dimensional (3D) hydrangea-like Mn3O4@(PSS/PDDA/Pt)n was prepared via in situ reduction of Pt4+ on sea-urchin-like MnO2 coated with lay-by-layer (LBL) films of polyelectrolytes. Combining of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles, 3D structure and manganese oxide support makes these Mn3O4@(PSS/PDDA/Pt)n particles suitable for anode-oxidation of tetracycline (TC) with both excellent mass activity and durability

The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-functionalized silica nanoparticles (MSN) were prepared using a combined sol-gel and adsorption steps. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption surface analysis shows the MSN has a lower surface area than the unmodified (or free) silica nanoparticles (FSN). The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of

A novel generalized canonical variate analysis (GCVA) algorithm is formulated and then applied for data-driven dynamic process monitoring. The proposed GCVA algorithm seeks for different projecting bases for the time-serial samples, so that the sum of squared canonical correlation coefficients between all pairs of the projected latent variables could be maximized. The corresponding dynamic process

Hierarchically ordered mesoporous materials have gained significant scientific attention due to their high surface areas, uniform porosity over various lengths scales, high-volume storage capability, shape selectivity, enhanced mass transport and diffusion. These materials have been widely applied in the fields of photocatalysis, separation, adsorption, photovoltaic solar cells, energy storage and

The cost-reference particle filter (CRPF) is a variant of the particle filter (PF). It is simpler, more robust, and more flexible than the standard PF. Particularly, it does not require any statistical information on both state noises and observation noises in its application. However, in order to successfully apply CRPF to the nonlinear state estimation in dynamic process systems, the knowledge of

The solubility data of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the new synthesized protic ionic liquids (PILs), diisopropylethylammonium propanoate [DIPEA][C2COO] and diisopropylethylammonium butanoate [DIPEA][C3COO] have been measured at temperatures range from 303.2 K to 348.2 K and pressures up to 7.04 MPa with a synthetic method. The solubility of CO2 in [DIPEA][C2COO] are found to be much higher than that of

Exploring a safer replacement of Li metal anode is crucial for technological, and fundamental importance. Li-metal is a preferred choice as anode material for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications. However, parasitic dendritic growth on the Li metal surface during cycling causes instability and safety dreads. In the present study, we have investigated that the pre-lithiated ZnMoO4 is superior to its

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is studied in this paper as an inhibitor of cobalt electrodeposition. The suppression effect of PVP was analyzed through electrochemical methods, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic measurements (GM) tests. It is indicated that PVP effectively suppresses the electrodeposition of cobalt and chloride ion accelerates this suppression. Further experiments verify

The heavy crude oil of the Mordovo-Karmal deposit was cracked in the presence of NiCr/WC catalyst. The catalytic upgrading heavy crude oil was carried out in the batch reactor at 450 °C, catalyst content in the range of 0.01‒0.20 wt%, and 100 min of residence time. It is shown that the cracking in the presence of a catalyst results in the formation of a light ‘synthetic’ oil. The viscosity of the liquid

Nickel ferrite nanocomposites (NFNCs) were prepared and utilized to remove hexavalent chromium from the effluent of the electroplating industry. The nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NFNPs) were synthesized by the sol-gel auto combustion process, and they were doped ultrasonically onto the surface-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SM-MWCNTs). Characterization results confirmed that the NFNPs with

The sulfonated covalent organic frameworks ([email protected]3H) have been synthesized by a simple one-step solvothermal reaction and used to adsorb Cd2+, Co2+, and Cr3+ metal ions from aqueous solution. The structure, composition and stability of as-prepared material were confirmed by FT-IR, PXRD, BET and TGA, and a fiber bundle-like [email protected]3H could be observed in the SEM and TEM images

The mechanism of classification of the RNNs was revealed in this study. The benchmark of the Tennessee Eastman process was used to demonstrate the performance of the RNN-based fault diagnosis model. This study investigated the fault diagnosis performance of the entire and early detections for complicated chemical processes using the time-series recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The investigation included

In this work, the hydrophilic modified membrane of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix with better anti-fouling capacity was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method and the surface grafting of polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG2000). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimally design the best reaction conditions based on the objective of the grafting degree (GD). The

A wide variety of drugs, drug delivery systems (DDS) that carry them, technologies, and treatment methodologies have been developed to treat cancer, and none of them have achieved full efficacy owing to several known and unknown factors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as grade IV brain tumors, have become an eminent threat in recent clinical practice. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) have been

An eco-friendly and inexpensive ion-exchange membrane was developed for efficient purification of lysozyme from chicken egg white. Agricultural waste particles (rice husk ash, RHA) were incorporated into biodegradable polymeric matrix (polylatic acid, PLA) to fabricate porous PLA/RHA mixed matrix membrane (MMM) via water-vapour-induced phase inversion. The resulted membrane had an ion-exchange capacity

Manipulating droplets by tailoring the surface wettability has recently attracted a great interest of research. In this work, controllable splitting of impacting droplets was realized by a hybrid-wettability surface consisting of a hydrophilic background surface and two intersecting hydrophobic stripes. A three-dimensional VOF-based (volume of fluid) numerical model had been developed to investigate

Cell detachment is a routine process to recover seeded cells from culture systems. However, traditional enzymatic methods might easily induce senescence or apoptosis of cells during the routine passage process due to an improper handing process. The pH-responsive characteristic of chitosan has been demonstrated to control cell attachment/detachment by precise adjustment of medium pH within 1 h without

Numerical analysis of the free convection heat transfer in an H-shaped cavity loaded with alumina–water nanofluid is performed in this work. The entire bottom wall of the H-shaped enclosure and the top rib are at the hot temperature, the two sidewalls are at the lower temperature, and the others are insulated. This study aims to elucidate the influences of different variables on the heat transfer of

The correct answer regarding which nonlinear optimization algorithm should we use for a given problem is that “it depends.” In this paper, we would like to add that “it depends, but use multiple programs whenever possible.” Here we consider 23 algorithms, implemented in MATLAB, evaluating their performance both on a lumped kinetic model for vacuum gas oil hydrocracking and a few-step kinetic model

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has been identified as one of the promising photoanode materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Nevertheless, the serious charge recombination and sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the main factors limiting its PEC performance. In this contribution, copper incorporated nanostructured BiVO4 photoanodes (nanoCu:BiVO4) were prepared by converting

A novel X-structured Double layered Microchannel Heat Sink (X-DMHS) is proposed for performance augmentation on the traditional rectangular Double layered Microchannel Heat Sink (DMHS). The overall flow and thermal performances of parallel-flow and counter-flow arrangements on X-DMHSs are studied, and the entropy generation from the second law perspective is also quantitatively analyzed. From the analysis

The production of lightweight aggregates from waste is regarded as an environmentally benign means of recycling waste into materials for green building construction, supporting the circular economies of modern societies. In this investigation, aggregates are synthesized from industrial sludge-marine clay mixes using thermal sintering at 1000‒1300 °C with or without the addition of two sodium salts

In this study, the influence of moisture and acids on the content of fatty acid methyl esters and triacetin in the interesterification reaction by using 1M potassium tert-butoxide in tetrahydrofuran as a homogeneous catalyst was investigated. During the interesterification reaction, the presence of moisture causes a larger negative effect than free fatty acids or acetic acid. The highest content of

Hierarchically mesoporous adsorbent derived from natural hydromagnesite with remarkable adsorption capacity for fluoride (F−) has been synthesized through the facile one-step calcination. Various characterizations confirmed that calcination temperature was directly correlated with their crystallite structures, surface properties, and adsorb ability. The hydromagnesite calcined at 500 °C (CH-5) exhibits

The bimetallic platinum-nanoscale zero-valent iron (Pt/nZVI) composites were synthesized by a liquid-phase reduction method. The as-prepared nanomaterials were first characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and zeta potential measurements

In this paper, three recently updated mechanisms were compared with experimental data, and FFCM 1.0 mechanism was chosen to perform chemical kinetic investigation of laminar burning velocity (LBV) for CH4/H2 mixtures. Results show that increasing hydrogen and pressure, LBV presents opposite results, which depends on the competition between promotion and inhibition effect at different hydrogen fractions

The effectiveness of a 3-liter reactor with UV and persulfate (PS) in the degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) in water was investigated. The UV-254 nm/PS process degraded CAP much more efficiently than the UV-254 nm process or the PS process alone. The dependences of the degradation of CAP on the UV wavelength, PS dosage, and addition of anions in the UV/PS process were examined. The UV-254 nm/PS

In this work, a novel sulfate radical (SR)-visible light-Fenton mediated by LaFeO3 (LFO) under visible light was established and its performance on Rhodamine B (RhB) dye wastewater degradation was evaluated. Herein, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was able to be activated by a synergic effect of visible light energy and LFO to form SR and hydroxyl radical (·OH). All RhB (initial concentration was 20 mg L−1)

Efficient incorporation of large-mesoporous silica materials with the film structure to fabricate hybrid film materials has been promising for water treatment. The modified large-mesoporous silica films possessed superior adsorbability, but the poor mechanical behavior hampered the application of adsorbents. We proposed the fabrication of La modified rGO/silica mesoporous films for efficient phosphate

Synthesis of novel sunlight-driven hollow nano-composite photocatalysts has been considered as a future innovation technology to address air pollution remediation. The present work deals with the primary Pt-doped/TiO2 hollow nano-sized photocatalysts using carbon colloidal spheres as a sacrificial hard template. Then Cu2+ and Cd2+ as a co-doping operator were introduced, which balanced out the empty

Obtaining high-capacity electrode materials is a key problem to be solved for high performance supercapacitors. Metal-organic frameworks derivatives have been considered to be ideal electrodes due to their large specific surface area and pore connectivity. Herein, we design a novel controllable structure, in which MnCo2S4 nanorods with one-dimensional structure are inserted into three-dimensional ZIF-67

The practical application of Li–S batteries remains a challenge because of capacity decay and polysulfide shuttle. This paper reports a highly wrinkled NiO nanosheet-based hierarchical structure that can efficiently restrain the polysulfide shuttle via physical and chemical confinement. Reduced fluorographene–NiO/S (RFG–NiO/S) composites are also prepared by hydrothermal method and thermal treatments

An amperometric solid electrolyte sensor with a diffusion barrier for measuring gases humidity at the temperatures above 500°C has been developed and analyzed. Simple inert gases with a desired humidity value were used to evaluate the humidity sensitivity of the sensor and to obtain the sensor volt-ampere characteristics. The electrochemical sensor with diffusion barrier is a double electrochemical

Theophylline (TPN) is a medication commonly used in treatment of chronic asthma disorder. However, it is associated with a number of known troublesome side effects, hence, the need to monitor its concentration levels in pharmaceutical formulations. In this work, a nanocomposite based on ZnONPs – MWCNTs – Cyt c (zinc oxide nanoparticles – multiwalled carbon nanotubes – Cytochrome c) were used in the

We report here a series of bio-based composite films by addition different amounts of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt%) into Eucommia rubber (ER) matrix. These films were analyzed using Raman, XPS, XRD, and AFM. Subsequently, the mechanical property, thermal stability, water contact angle, water vapor permeability (WVP), and electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption of the GnPs/ER composite

The nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) nanoparticles film coated electrode was firstly used to recover low concentrated Pt(II) (∼ppm) from the dilute solution electrochemically. The film showed compact nanoparticles structure, high redox-active sites (4.6 mmol/g), characterised by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning

The construction of a compact separation layer with selective channel and hydrophilic surface is a promising way to fabricate the composite nanofiltration membranes with both high selectivity and antifouling performance. In this study, a strategy that incorporating zwitterion functionalized titania (ZTi) into membrane surface through facile in-situ sol-gel process is proposed. The titania sol is firstly

In this work, a simple preparation method is developed to synthesize aerogels with great shape retention for oil absorption application. First, an elastic aerogel is prepared by ice-templating an aqueous suspension of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and epoxy cross-linker. After the lyophilization process, the prepared CNC aerogel shows highly porous structures and allows rapid

We demonstrate the synthesis and application of marigold flower-like structured ruthenium doped bismuth sulfide (Ru-Bi2S3). The Ru-Bi2S3 was synthesized by a simple one-pot sonochemical technique at different experimental conditions. The structural behavior, morphology, and catalytic activity of the resultant material were probed via suitable spectrophotometry and voltammetric methods. The fabricated

In order to minimize environmental pollution caused by the wastewater produced in the manufacturing process of conventional poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sponge, applying with the case study, a new method of reusing recycled wastewater is proposed in the present study. This method replaces our previous method in which the wastewater can only be reused once. The acidified starch and the residual partially

In this work, a ɤ-MnO2 flower-like nanostructure was synthesized. The structural and morphological characterization of ɤ-MnO2 flower-like nanostructure was performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2–sorption studies (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements) (BET), particle size distribution (PSA), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The

Management of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a cerebral glioma with highest-grade malignancy, is a crucial challenge to current anticancer treatment because the lack of GBM-targeting capability of antitumor drug, such as carmustine (BCNU) with a short half-life, along with low blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to achieve the clinical efficacy. Hence, polyethyleneimine-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

Water-based drilling fluids (WDF) formulated with hybrid carrageenans (HY) recently showed attractive rheological and filtration properties, but the role of HY chemical structure on such WDF characteristics could not be established. Here, model drilling fluids were prepared by suspending sodium activated bentonite in two HY aqueous solutions, in order to assess relationships between the polysaccharide

Fabricating heterostructures has been recognized as an effective strategy to improve visible-light photocatalytic H2 production performance. Therefore, a simple approach based on combining template-assisted liquid-phase deposition and hydrothermal techniques was introduced to synthesize BiVO4-TiO2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) heterostructure nanocomposites. The ternary hetero-nanostructures were composed

In this work, the relationship between crystal size of SnO2 and CO selectivity (the CO/formate ratio) is investigated and a great enhancement in CO selectivity is achieved by reduction in its crystal size. The crystal size of SnO2 is less than 5 nm by the synthesis of a core-shell-like microstructure of SnO2 on the rutile-phase TiO2 particles (denoted as R-TiO2@SnO2). The faradaic efficiency and CO

Tunable proton conductivity (PrN), electron conduction behavior (EnN) and UV light harvesting photocatalytic dye degradation performance (PDD) of reduced graphene oxide-aminoalkane (aminoalkanes = aminomethane (AM), aminoethane (AE) aminopropane (AP) and 2-methylpropylamine (AMP)). The rGO-AMP exhibited high PrN, EnN, and optimized PDD. The PrN of rGO-AMP was ≈10−4–10−3 S cm−1, which is of almost equal

The main challenges to the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) are the limited catalytic activity and durability of electrocatalysts. Developing active, cost-effective and stable electrocatalysts with earth-abundant metals (Fe, Co, Ni) is a prerequisite to boost the commercial application of DMFCs. Herein, cobalt-iron layer double hydroxides (CoFe-LDH) nanorods coupled with graphene oxides (GO) are directly

In current contribution, irreversibility and thermal treatment of nanomaterial though a quad-lobed tube equipped with helical tape were investigated. Two styles of tapes were employed: Single quad-channel twisted tape (SQCTT) and Dual quad-channel twisted tape (DQCTT) in which number of tape (TTn) were 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, Reynolds number (Re) and revolution of tape (N) have been assumed

With the relationships between industrial process variables becoming more complex, linear and nonlinear relationships coexist in most processes, both of which should be considered simultaneously to improve monitoring effect. Focusing on this issue, the paper proposes a novel principal component analysis-stacked autoencoder (PCA-SAE) model for fault detection. In this model, PCA and SAE respectively

This paper employs gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarization and SEM methods to study the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M solution of hydrochloric acid using hexamethylenetetramine as an inhibitor. The results show that inhibition efficiency increases with concentration up to 86% at 0.8 g L−1 inhibitor dosage. The data obtain are consistent with the isotherm proposed by Langmuir. The values

The techno-economic analysis of an IGCC power plant coupled with integrated intermittent chemical looping air separation (IICLAS) as Design 1 and an IGCC polygeneration plant integrated with chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) as Design 2 are addressed. The economic evaluations show that (i) the total overnight cost of capital (TOCC) of Design 1 is higher than it of Design 2 by 3.6% and (ii)

In this study, the porous poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyaniline-montmorillonite mixed matrix membranes (noted as the PVDF/PANI/MT membrane) were prepared using a non-solvent induced phase inversion method. The amounts of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyaniline (PANI), and montmorillonite (MT) were adjusted such that the synthesized membrane presented appropriate sponge-like

Choosing the property of the supporting membrane is crucial in preparing high performing nanofiltration membranes through interfacial polymerization. In this study, an oxygen rich membrane – cellulose triacetate (CTA) – was used to fabricate the support membrane. Polyamide was deposited onto the CTA support using interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The concentration

Combining hierarchical nickel–cobalt oxides (NCO) with cost-effective glucose-based carbons could be attractive electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitor. The bimetallic nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) hydroxide was directly electrodeposited for 120, 180, 300, 480, and 600 s, respectively, on a conductive Ni foam as the NCO/Ni electrodes. The (NCO/Ni)-480 electrode showed the highest capacitance

Porous photocatalysts with large surface areas are more photoactive than compact solid counterparts, owing to their larger surface areas and porous structure, which enhance the adsorption and confinement of light, thus improving the reaction between pollutants and photocatalysts. This paper reports the mechanisms involved in the enhanced photocatalytic activity of two kinds of porous BiVO4 catalysts