Adiponitrile (ADN) is an important raw material to produce nylon 66, and can be produced by electrodimerization of acrylonitrile (AN). The commercial processes are operated in flow systems. It is the first time that a rotating rod electrode (RRE), a relatively simple tool, was applied in the electrosynthesis of ADN. The electrode rotation rate was used to simulate high electrolyte velocity in the flow

This study investigates the degradation of norfloxacin by using UV combined with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) with different cations and anions. The inhibition effect order of cations for degradation of norfloxacin was Cu2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+, attributed to the forms of the coordination compounds between norfloxacin and the cations. The inhibition effect order of anions for degradation of norfloxacin was

The effects of "Dry Gel" on the carbon dioxide hydrate formation and storage capacity were studied. Gel-supported dry water (Dry Gel) was prepared by mixing gelling agents, hydrophobic silica nanoparticles, water, and air in a high-speed blender. The kinetic parameters of carbon dioxide hydrate formation such as mole of consumed gas, induction time, gas uptake rate, storage capacity, final conversion

Fluid catalytic cracking unit, whose batch operations are operated in a multirate mode, is a typical continuous process with batch operations. The integrated optimization of this problem can be formulated as a hybrid parametric dynamic optimization. To obtain a high-quality solution, adaptive direct methods are usually required to solve the problem iteratively. By exploiting the decomposable structure

Central nervous system (CNS)-related disease treatments using pharmaceuticals lack therapeutic efficacy due to unknown pathologies and the inability of remedies to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB acting as a CNS protector plays a predominant role as a barricade to drugs, monoclonal antibodies and small interfering ribonucleic acids to achieve effective treatment for Alzheimer's

This study attempts to experimentally investigate the thermohydraulic characteristics inside a tube fitted with the staggered and non-staggered twisted conical strip inserts. The inserts are built via stereolithography 3D printer. The influences of geometrical attributes such as alignment type (i.e., staggered or non-staggered) and the pitch ratio as well as the Reynolds number (Re) on the Nusselt

The kinetic experiments of catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) were carried out at various working conditions (i.e., temperature: 500–900 °C, pressure: 1–20 bar, CH4/O2 ratio of 1.5–2.5 and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 900–3000 h−1 on Ni-Rh/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The kinetic model development relied on the direct pathway of CPOM and depended on Langmuir-Hinshelwood method. The outcomes

This first-attempt study revealed electrochemically promising strategy to provide optimal herbal species of supplementation as electron shuttling stimulator to microbial fuel cells (MFCs). First, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to screen the feasible electron shuttle (ES) materials after serial testing of 100 cycles. The results indicated that Houttuynia cordata extract (HCE) possessed the highest

The current research aimed to develop an eco-friendly three-dimensional (3D) graphene oxide/high molecular weight chitosan (GO/HCS) composite for the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye. The adsorption performance of the 3D GO/HCS adsorbent was elucidated by varying the adsorbent dosage (1–50 mg), agitation speed (50–250 rpm), initial RB5 concentration (100–600 mg/L), pH (2–11), temperature (30–70°C)

In the present study, for the first time, the separation of isopropylbenzene as a volatile organic compound (VOC) from water was investigated through the pervaporation (PV) process. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyether block amide (PEBA), and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) polymers were utilized in the preparation of PV membranes, and their performance and

Designing complex hollow nano-/microspheres with multilayered structures of two or more metal oxides seems to be interesting to answer the request for novel catalytic structures. Herein, we develop a copper-alumina spinel hollow sphere with a triple-shell structure applied as a novel catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 at atmospheric pressure. Different operating conditions such as reaction temperature

A novel oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride and zeolite (H-ZSM-5) composite (O–g–C3N4/H-ZSM-5) was synthesized using hydrogen peroxide and urea as the oxygen and g–C3N4 precursors, respectively, and perlite as the zeolite source, via calcination at 550°C. BET N2 adsorption-desorption analysis verified that the 40%O–g–C3N4/H-ZSM-5 composite had a high surface area of 259.13 m2/g with mesopores and

For pervaporation dehydration of ternary azeotropes ECH/IPA/water (50/30/20, w/w,%) produced in epoxy resin manufacturing process, Graphite nanopowder was oxidized to prepare graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, which were incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) solution. The GO-PVA-TEOS solution was coated on the surface of a nanoporous alumina hollow fiber (AHF) membrane

In this study, a multiphase flow-geochemical-thermal reservoir simulator, CMG STARS, was used to build a reliable reaction module of the CO2 hydrate formation based on laboratory test results in order to investigate the behaviors of CO2 hydrate formation. This research was based on experiments conducted in previous studies by the team from the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST)

Natural gas which consists mainly of methane (usually more than 90% in volume), is becoming increasingly an important and efficient source of energy because of the lower greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Achieving satisfactory recovery factors in gas reservoirs is sensitive to the methane-brine/water interfaces induced by the interfacial tension (IFT) between these systems. Accordingly, accurate

The performance of bilateral inclined solid and porous fins in natural convection within an H-shaped cavity with a hot bottom wall, cold vertical walls, and insulated horizontal walls are numerically investigated in this work. The key factors, namely Rayleigh number (Ra = 103 − 105), the porosity of fins (ε = 0 − 1), Darcy number (Da = 10−10 − 10−2), inclination angle of fins (α = 68o,90o,112o), and

In this research, polyethylene (PE) membrane was prepared by the thermal induced phase separation and its surface was modified by the growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals on the surface and inside of the pores by chemical bath deposition method. Effect of different coating parameters such as immersion time in ZnO precursor, precursor concentration and KMnO4 concentration as a PE surface activator were

Organic intermediates, like n-butyl levulinate, have a widespread application, especially in organic synthesis. Thus, direct synthesis of n-butyl levulinate from xylose was investigated over the mesoporous zirconium silicate catalysts (KITZx (X = 20,10)). The catalysts were identified through various methods like FESEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, ICP-AES, and NH3-TPD). An integrated

The methane oxy-fuel combustion highly diluted by CO2 at supercritical region has the best potential for its near-zero emission characteristics and high thermal efficiency, while its auto-ignition characteristic is still not clear. In current investigation, a model with detailed chemical kinetic mechanism was introduced to research its ignition delay times (IDs). Results showed that the fold points

This study has evaluated the efficiency of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) for the remediation of soil and groundwater containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX). It was conducted via different treatment methods (batch experiments, column tests, and a permeable reactive barrier (PRB)) system. The combinative

Removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions has drawn the attention of scientists due to their serious global health challenges to human society. Thus, it is very important to use an adsorbent with a high removal efficiency of heavy metals and has the advantage of low-cost. In the present work, metal-organic framework with tailored components is very important in attaining the required purpose and

A novel strontium tungstate (SrWO4 NPs) catalyst decorated on graphene oxide (GrO) network (SrWO4 NPs/GrO) was synthesized by direct sonochemical method and characterized its textural property. Transition bimetal oxides are considered as an efficient electrocatalyst in the sector of electrochemical sensor. Subsequently, the composite has coated on a screen-printed electrode to prepare a SrWO4 NPs/GrO

Bimetallic nanoparticle (NP)-supported catalysts for use in the hydrogenation reaction has received growing attention on account their excellent catalytic performance. In the present work, bimetallic Au–Pt and monometallic Pt/Au NPs were supported on the Zr-based metal–organic framework UiO-67 via a simple impregnation–reduction method. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for selective 1,3-butadiene

Metal's corrosion is an important parameter affecting the steel lifetime. Nowadays, because of the widespread industrial applications of mild steel, the corrosion protection of this material has become a challenging item. The modification of the metal surface (i.e., mild steel, MS) via thin hydrophobic layers is one of the most efficient/promising protocols for the improvement of the metal's anti-corrosion

The kinetic studies of ammonia synthesis over a barium-promoted cobalt catalyst supported on magnesium–lanthanum mixed oxide were performed. The commercial iron catalyst was used for comparison purposes. Measurements were carried out under conditions close to the industrial ones, i.e. at the temperature of 400, 440, 480°C, pressure of 9.0 MPa and various NH3 concentrations in the inlet gas. The cobalt

As a typical metal-free photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted great attention for photocatalytic degradation of various organic pollutants. In this study, three-dimensional (3-D) phosphorus (P)-doped porous g-C3N4 nanosheets were prepared successfully via the thermal oxidation and element doping associated method. Abundant in-plane mesopores (from 2 nm to 50 nm), high specific

The synergistic inhibition effect of walnut green husk extract (WGHE) and sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in 3.0 M H3PO4 solution was firstly studied by weight loss, electrochemical technique, surface analysis, quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Results show that WGHE acts as a moderate inhibitor with a maximum inhibition efficiency

Solar fuels production by using TiO2 nanomaterials has attracted much attention to overcome the energy and environmental crisis. However, it is a big challenge to utilize the visible light, promote charge separation and surface reaction, and efficiently recover nanosized TiO2 photocatalysts without secondary contamination. Here, Ni nanosheets as the non-noble metal co-catalysts are coated on the surface

The synthesis and characterization of thorn-shaped nickel cobaltite nanoparticles (NiCo2O4) via a simple, rapid hydrothermal synthesis method for different reaction durations of 7 h and 14 h, denoted as NCo-7 and NCo-14, are reported. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images reveal that the synthesized NiCo2O4 sample shows a thorn-like morphology. Compared to NCo-7, NCo-14 exhibits good

A bifunctional Zn(II)-coordination polymer, namely, {[Zn2(μ4-BDPT)(μ-dpetan)2]⋅2H2O}n (1) (BDPT: bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)terephthalamide, dpetan: 1,2-bis(4-pyridylethane)) was synthesized under solvothermal condition and characterized. Single crystal X-ray result showed that compound 1 displayed a 2D+2D→3D inclined polycatenation and a 3,4-conntected mcm/Cairo tiling-type topology. The compound exhibited

Hydrazine is a potent traditional reducing agent of graphene oxide with high deoxygenation capability. However, it has been categorized as a toxic/poisonous substance with serious environmental issues. Due to the hazardous/toxic nature of this substance, numerous researches have been carried out to find sustainable/nontoxic reductants. For the first time, the high quality reduced graphene oxide (rGO)

LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) has gradually become a research hotspot for the high-energy density. However, it is troubled by the residual lithium during the preparation process and its subsequent effect on the electrochemical performance in the following charge and discharge. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted LiF-LaF3 coated NCM811 materials are prepared by in-situ method to reduce the residual lithium

Imidazole represents a special class of heterocyclic compounds that possesses several industrial and biological activities. Imidazole and its derivatives are extensively employed as corrosion inhibitors for different metals in different electrolytes. Most of the imidazole based compounds behaved as mixed and interface type corrosion inhibitors and their adsorption mechanism obeyed the Langmuir adsorption

A novel hollow CoAl2O4 microsphere was synthesized by hydrothermal method and used to selectively convert CO2 and CS2 to cyclic carbonates and trithiocarbonates under the solventless condition. Various techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform

Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) have less CO2 emission and have been attracting more attention. However, catalyst is needed to remove pollutants such as CO, NOx and unburned methane in NGVs’ exhausts. The development of catalysts with high resistance to chemical poisoning, especially to phosphorus poisoning induced by lubricating oil of NGVs’ engine, is a challenge. Herein, we developed a new strategy

The present article aims to suggest new thermal unit as heat recovery system to augment the available energy. Hot gas flows inside the inner pipe and the operating fluid in annulus region is nanofluid (CuO-water). Helical tape with various revolution number (N) was employed to augment the fluctuations of fluid and reduce the boundary layer thickness. Range of Reynolds number (Re=4000 to 20,000) indicates

Converting polyesters into carbon materials for energy and environmental applications provides a promising way to recycle urban and industrial waste plastics. However, previous strategies could not precisely control the crosslinking reaction of polyester. Herein, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is transformed into O,S-doped hierarchically porous carbon (OSHPC) using sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) and

In this study, we grafted carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs), demonstrating that the CMC-grafted CNTs (CNT-g-CMCs) can disperse or aggregate in water in response to the bubbling of CO2. The CO2-switchable dispersion and aggregation of CNT-g-CMCs depend on the relative amounts of COOH to NH2 in CMC. With similar amounts of COOH and NH2 in CMC, the CNT-g-CMCs are well dispersed

In industrial process, fault isolation technology will identify the major variables leading to faults. The existing fault isolation methods usually have ”smearing effect”, cannot identify the sensitivity of the fault variables, or require too much calculation. To solve the above problems, a multivariate fault isolation method based on between-class difference analysis and multidimensional reconstruction-based

An electrochemical biosensor containing Co-hemin metal organic frameworks (Co-hemin MOF)/chitosan composite and cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was developed for lactose dectection. The formation of the Co-hemin MOF was verified by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The Co-hemin MOF/chitosan composite

How to develop an effective and cheap adsorbent for removing dyes completely from wastewaters and avoid disable adsorbent secondary pollution have great challenges for green dye and dyeing industrial production. In order to realize this aim, in this work, the porous cationic diatomite was prepared for the first time by covalently immobilizing poly-epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine onto natural diatomite

A CuO-CeO2/MCF catalyst was prepared by cyclodextrin-assisted co-impregnation (CC/M-CD). For comparison, a reference catalyst was prepared by traditional wet impregnation (CC/M). The catalysts were characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, Raman, N2-physisorption, TEM, EDS mapping, XPS, in situ DRIFTS, H2-TPR, and CO-TPD. The results show that Cu and Ce species of the CC/M-CD catalyst disperse more homogeneously

Two novel water-soluble Cu(II) complexes (Cu-PSA and Cu-PSL) are synthesized from easily accessible Schiff base amino acid ligands (HPSA and HPS), as sodium sulfonate salts, obtained from D,L-phenylalanine and D,L-leucine, respectively. Their chemical composition is confirmed using various spectroscopic analyses (NMR, UV–vis, IR and mass spectroscopies, CHN micro-analyses, conductivities, TGA, and

The effects of the hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) concentration and the operation parameters on the starch/HPMC granule properties prepared in a high shear granulator are investigated. At a lower concentration of 3.8% or 4.9%, HPMC acts as an intergranule binder. At a higher concentration of 7.2%, HPMC acts as an intragranule matrix-forming polymer. At the intermediate HPMC concentration of 6

Pressure fluctuation analysis has been used to identify different flow regimes in spouted beds. Although this is a promising cost-effective tool for process control and design purposes, it has hardly been used in spouted beds operating with fine and irregular particles. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to apply pressure fluctuation analysis to spouted beds operating with fine and irregular particles

The adsorption kinetics of anionic surfactant Aerosol-OT (AOT) in 10 mM NaCl solution was investigated by measuring and simulating the dynamic and equilibrium surface tension (ST) data. The relaxation of ST for AOT molecules adsorbing onto a freshly created bubble surface was measured using a video-enhanced pendant bubble tensiometer at eighteen AOT concentrations. The partially ionized Langmuir model

Xanthine Oxidase (XO), that catalyzes the oxidation of purine bases to uric acid with the generation of reactive oxygen species, is a key enzyme in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia, gout and cardiovascular diseases. Xanthine Oxidase inhibitors for anti hyperuricemic therapy have been mainly employed for the treatment of gout. In the present research, molecular modeling investigations, such as CoMFA

Tough and antifouling polyampholyte hydrogels can be prepared through the photopolymerization of the equivalent [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride([TMA][Cl]) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium([Na][AMPS]) with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Fourier-transform infrared spectra evidenced the linkage between PEGDA and TMA/AMPS. With the different ratios of

A surface ion-imprinting polymer (IIP) based on Fe3O4/SiO2/CS was selected to modify the glassy carbon electrode (Fe3O4/SiO2/CS/Nafion/GCE), and the sensor exhibits ultrasensitive and highly selective to monitor trace level of Cu (II). SiO2 was homogeneously coated on the Fe3O4 magnetic core to enhance the resistance in the harsh environment, especially various acids in the real environment. After

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) that pose a serious peril to both aquatic biota and mankind's health. The development of novel adsorbent materials for the effectual treatment of PPCPs-included wastewater has become one of the foremost research issues in the environmental research area. In this work, a hierarchical carbon material (GHPC), produced

Selective hydrogenation of biomass oxygenates to valuable chemicals is a desired catalytic process from energy and environment. Traditional catalysts for selective hydrogenation of biomass oxygenates are prepared from co-impregnation or co-precipitation method. In this work, 93.6% of a 1,4-pentanediol yield as well as high stability was obtained on CeO2 supported cobalt and copper species (Cu3Co1/CeO2)

Melting in a rectangular cavity has already been considered in many technical literatures. This configuration has been practically integrated with solar receiver and collector in thermal systems. The main objective of this numerical study is to investigate melting process of a PCM in a rotational rectangular cavity associated with tracking solar panels. This cavity is filled with solid paraffin and

In the current work, we have doped g-C3N4 (GCN), a conjugated polymer based on heptazine-group with phosphorous and synthesized phosphorous doped g-C3N4 (PCN) has been coupled with CNT to enhance its photodegradation activity. Herein, CNT/PCN nanocomposites (having different CNT wt% i.e. 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) were successfully fabricated via straight forward sonochemical method while GCN and PCN were

Co-rich ZnCo2O4 (ZCO) two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets are decorated with highly porous, glucose-derived, zero-dimensional (0D) interconnected network-like carbon nanospheres (CNS) using an in situ hydrothermal method. The content of CNS in the reaction is varied to produce two different composites ([email protected] and [email protected]). Their physicochemical properties are examined and compared

Thermal conductivity of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a vital thermophysical parameter that significantly affects the heat transfer modeling related to CO2 transportation, pipelines design and associated process industries. The current study lays emphasis on implementing powerful soft computing approaches to develop novel paradigms for estimation of CO2 thermal conductivity. To achieve this, a massive database

The development of efficient metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great importance for accelerating the commercial application of fuel cell. Here, a 3D interconnected N-doped porous carbon skeleton (PC) was prepared by one-step pyrolysis strategy with the help of recyclable NaCl. Combining the advantages of template and pyrolysis, the obtained N-PC-900 product showed a large

The formation of 1,3-butadiene is detrimental to the steady operation for the alkane dehydrogenation processes, therefore, feasible strategies to inhibit its formation were investigated over Sn-based catalysts. Clearly, most of 1,3-butadiene comes from n-butane dehydrogenation. The formation rate of 1,3-butadiene is closely related to the catalyst compositions, such as the nature of active component

In industry, mercury catalysts are mainly used in hydrochlorination of acetylene. However, the sublimation of mercury considerably harms human health and the environment. Therefore, the development of green catalysts is particularly demanding to eliminate the negative effects of such toxic catalysts. Based on this, we used a green, low-cost carrageenan as raw material. A nitrogen-modified carbon material

Extensively used bisphenol A (BPA) in industry aggravates the pollution of water environment. Thus, we are committed to developing an efficient adsorbent to remove BPA, exploring the adsorption performance and mechanism. Here, a novel nitrogen-containing covalent organic framework, named PyTTA-Dva-COF as an effective adsorbent for removing BPA from aqueous solutions was prepared by a simple solvent-thermal

This first-attempt study deciphered combined characteristics of species evolution and bioelectricity generation of microbial community in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) supplemented with Camellia green tea (GT) extracts for biomass energy extraction. Prior studies indicated that polyphenols-rich extracts as effective redox mediators (RMs) could exhibit significant electrochemical activities to enhance