Abstract In this paper, two types of machine learning, namely neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), have been studied to model light hydrocarbons’ solubility solvent in bitumen. The 268 number of experimental data is used in this work from different articles. The input parameters are Temperature (T), pressure (P), and molecular weight (MW) of hydrocarbons. The result

Abstract Hydrogen index, HI, and original hydrogen index, HIo, are important indicators for measuring the hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rock. Through addressing the shortcomings of existent HIo models, improved models are proposed to improve the coincidence between calculated and measured results. According to the statistics of rock pyrolysis and TOC data of 1,249 cores taken in seven

Abstract Use of pour point depressants/flow improvers is an effective strategy for alleviation of flow problems associated with wax formation in paraffinic crude oil. Biobased oilfield chemicals derived from renewables are appealing as low-cost, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional pour point depressants. Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) extracted from Anacardium occidentale shells was modified

Abstract Formation damage is caused by invasion of the external reactive solid or liquid fluid into the reservoir which reduces the productivity of pay zone. This study investigates the efficiency of a biodegradable product which is stem peels powder of Grewia optiva tree as noninvasive fluid additive (NIFA) in the water-based drilling fluids. All the equipment were periodically calibrated with API

Abstract The complexity of the crude oil makes its compositional characterization a very challenging task. As a conventional way to characterize crude oil, SARA fractionation is based on the differences between the solubility and polarity of the four fractions: Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes. In this study, we present an improved method for SARA analysis: clay/alumina chromatography

Abstract By considering the long history of water injection in oil fields, we used several sandstone cores with different permeability to conduct experimental tests. The damage effect of formation permeability caused by five types of injected water based on an oilfield water quality standard (SY/T 5329-2012) was investigated. A model for water quality sensitivity to permeability was proposed, and through

Abstract Considering the low percentage of oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs, EOR methods receive more attention in these reservoirs, and smart water flooding shows some promising experimental results in carbonate rocks. Moreover, low operating cost and capital investment of water flooding compared to other chemical flooding methods, make this emerging technology more attractive for oil companies

Abstract Formation of wax can cause increase of pressure drop, blockages in the pipelines and interference with valve and instrumentation operation that causes loss of billions of dollars. Pour point depressant (PPD) is one of the wax treatment technique used widely in oil industry to alter the crude oil properties such as viscosity, wax appearance temperature (WAT) and pour point. The performance

Abstract This research aims to explore the effects of saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) fractions on the heavy crude oil pyrolysis behavior. The results showed that resins and asphaltenes had more pyrolysis residues (22.04% and 45.66%) relative to other samples. However, no residue was found after pyrolysis reactions when the oil mixed with SARA fractions. In addition, high temperature

Abstract Nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases injection yield substantially various recovery ways. Here, a one-dimensional mathematical model is applied comprising of mass balances for explaining gas sorption and flow, and a geomechanical relationship to describe the permeability changes during gas injection. That’s why numerical simulations for investigating the performance of injecting flue

Abstract We study particle transmission in a deviated wellbore using computational fluid dynamics simulation. The effects of some drilling parameters on particle transport are studied such as particle characteristics, wellbore inclinations, and eccentricities. The particulate flow is simulated by the algebraic slip mixture (ASM) model, and the Herschel–Bulkley model expresses the rheology of the drilling

Abstract Comprehensive the analysis of cores, thin section, physical properties, mercury injection, and X-CT, genesis of heterogeneity of conglomerate reservoirs in Baikouquan formation of Mahu sag is studied. The Baikouquan formation belongs to fan delta glutenite deposit, typical conglomerate reservoir is developed. The dissolution pores are the dominated reservoir space, and its development degree

Abstract In this work, the influence of NaCl on natural sweet and sour gas hydrate formation in the pressure of 115 bar and isothermal conditions (8 °C) have been compared. Salt concentration in the experiments was in the range of 1-7 wt% and the inhibitor was used at a constant concentration of 0.5 wt%. The results show that the presence of salt has been more effective on inhibition time, hydrate

Abstract Excessive water production by high temperature (>140 °C) horizontal gas wells sharply decreases productivity. To date, no effective water shutoff agent has been developed to address this problem. In this study, a nanoparticle-reinforced active oil system that can be spontaneously emulsified under Tahe Formation conditions was constructed. The nanoparticles enhanced the water shutoff performance

Abstract In this work, phase-field method is used to develop a numerical model to simulate two-phase flow through a heterogeneous fractured porous medium. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of wettability, fracture aperture, interfacial tension, and water injection velocity on the displacement process. It was observed that the water mass imbibed into the matrix block varies

Abstract In this article, the effect of pulsating parameters on fractures extension was studied by using the cohesive element method and employed Abaqus as the platform for the simulations. The parameters such as injection rate, peak amplitude, approaching angle, in situ stress, and the natural fracture cementing strength were the focus of this study. The results of the simulations show that the fracture

Abstract This work is aimed at predicting the amount of residue coke and the temperature of operating mode of the regenerator, depending on the initial technological conditions of the process during regeneration of catalyst coked at various degrees (0.4–0.6% wt.). Numerical studies were performed using a mathematical model that takes into account the physicochemical regularities of the regeneration

A series of kinetics and combustion tube experiments were conducted to investigate the combustion characteristics and performance of in situ combustion (ISC) process for offshore heavy oils. Then, simulation studies were carried out to evaluate the performance of the ISC process in a typical offshore heavy oil reservoir. The results showed that higher heating rates resulted in a shift in the thermogravimetry

The theory of “secondary-tertiary integrated” enhanced oil recovery (EOR) was investigated. Models and methods for estimating the secondary water-flooding recovery, tertiary chemical-flooding recovery and “secondary-tertiary integrated” EOR were established, respectively. The results indicate that the ultimate recovery factor of “secondary-tertiary integrated” EOR is greater than the aggregation of

In this work, variations of heavy oil asphaltenes’ oxidation reactions under different conditions were investigated. By IR spectroscopy was shown a predominant destruction of occluded and adsorbed compounds in asphaltenes when using KIO3 and NaIO4 as oxidizing agents. In the case of CH3COOH/H2O2 and KMnO4 was determined the destruction of asphaltenes supermolecules with a formation of carboxyl groups

Abstract Precipitation and deposition of paraffin wax in pipelines and tubing are critical complications in the development of crude oil in oil and gas industry. Most new information on paraffin wax is dispersed in literature or exists in crania of experts like tacit knowledge. This review paper aims at disseminate the information; bridge some knowledge-gaps by giving a comprehensive review of chemistry

This research aims to explore the effects of saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) fractions on the heavy crude oil pyrolysis behavior. The results showed that resins and asphaltenes had more pyrolysis residues (22.04% and 45.66%) relative to other samples. However, no residue was found after pyrolysis reactions when the oil mixed with SARA fractions. In addition, high temperature pyrolysis

A series of experiments were performed to study the influence of initial pressures and pressure drop rates on the amount of lost gas during the coring process. The change laws of cumulative gas production and gas production rate were investigated. The proportion changes of lost gas, desorbed gas, and residual gas were analyzed. The results show that the cumulative gas production can be divided into

A 12-lumped reaction network for heavy oil catalytic cracking including 54 reaction paths is established according to the catalytic cracking reaction mechanism, clean gasoline, and light olefins production. The model kinetic parameters were calculated by Runge-Kutta method and BFGS based on the data from Davison Circulating Riser lab device and Python platform. The verification of the model parameters

Liquid hydrocarbons obtained from the pyrolysis of polypropylene and polystyrene were used as diluents to reduce the viscosity of a Mexican heavy crude oil of 10.6°API. Blends of oil and diluents were formulated with fractions of 5, 10 and 15 vol% of diluent. Viscosity results were plotted as a function of temperature and diluent volume fractions. The degree of viscosity reduction at room temperature

This study aims to develop a grid-based smart proxy model (G-SPM) for water flooding enhancement under different injection/production scenarios. The contribution of this work is combining experimental design and data mining techniques to prepare a high-quality database and introducing a hyper-feature to incorporate flow physics into database. The proxy was constructed by training a sequential neural

A commercially available anti-agglomerant (AA) was evaluated in water-in-crude oil (W/CO) emulsions at different water cut. The injection of an AA to an emulsion affects the induction time and rate of hydrate formation. When AA was injected before emulsification, AA performed better due to the higher number of AA molecules at the hydrate surface has been increased. The transition from stable a W/CO

Abstract Based on the physico-chemical regularities, the unsteady mathematical model of the diesel fuel catalytic dewaxing process was developed. The influence of the raw materials composition and flow rate on the catalyst deactivation degree, product output and cold filter plugging point was shown. It was established, that while producing low-freezing diesel fuel, the higher the aromatic content in

One of the major challenges of microwave assisted EOR is the composition of produced liquid and gases. In this present contribution, heavy oil from one of Chinese oil field were exposed to time variant microwave radiation until 18 min. Experimental results illustrates that rapid increase in the gas flow rate was observed between 3 and 12 min radiation and after 12 min radiation, this value tends to

In order to increase the efficiency of microbiological methods of influencing the formation and use them in formations having conditions, which are unfavorable for microorganism activities, a new microbiological method of oil recovery increase was developed in which a rim of low-saline flush fluid was used prior to the injection of organic substrate. As an organic substrate, a composition of two types

Abstract Static Dissipater Additive (SDA) is conductivity improver additive that is added to low sulfur fuels to avoid sudden increase in conductivity that may occur during transfer/pumping of fuel. Due to surface active nature, SDA dosage may deplete with time. The monitoring of concentration of SDA is very critical and is carried out using conductivity measurement as per ASTM D2624. In this study

This study investigated the relationship between chemical and physical or rheological properties of asphalt binders during aging. Two types of base asphalt binders and their SBS modified asphalt binders were chosen. Results show that carbonyl index (IC=O) or sulfoxide index (IS=O) for base asphalt binders has the higher correlation coefficient square (R2) with rheological properties than physical properties

In this work, the efficiency of CO2-foam injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is investigated. Six floods were performed on sand pack columns. Pure water injection, WAG injection and simultaneous injection of CO2 and surfactant solution with various concentrations were conducted. Notable difference was observed between oil production in secondary surfactant assisted WAG and other injection scenarios

The saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon maturity parameters of shale from a salt lake basin were studied. The results show that the most familiar maturity parameters such as tricyclic terpane/hopane, Ts/Tm, sterane 20S/(20S + 20R), ββ/(ββ + αα), MPI1, MPI2, MPI3, PAI-1, and triaromatic steroid (І)/triaromatic steroid (І+ІІ), are not applicable for oil and source rock from saline lakes. The ratio of

In this paper, CO2 assisted steam flooding technique was proposed to further enhance heavy oil recovery after steam flooding. PVT tests and 3D model oil displacing experiment were conducted to investigate enhancing oil recovery (EOR) mechanisms and oil displacing performance. The results indicated that CO2 dissolving in heavy oil could induce oil swelling, reduce oil relative density, and reduce oil

The increase in global energy demand for crude oil has encouraged a huge growth in crude oil production worldwide. The flow behavior of crude oil poses many problems when transported by pipeline over long distances under different environmental conditions. Rheological study of crude oil is necessary to better understand its behavior and thus contribute to its proper transportation. In order to obtain

The average total organic carbon (TOC) content of Chang 91 source rocks is 4.85%, and the main kerogen type is II1, and the average pyrolysis peak temperature is 452 °C in Zhidan-Ansai area, Ordos Basin. These show that Chang 91 source rocks have reached good to excellent level and peak hydrocarbon generation stage. Chang 91 source rocks were formed in semi-deep lacustrine sedimentary environments

To investigate the effect of bitumen physicochemical and thermodynamic parameters on its cohesive properties, 9 asphalt binders from different refineries were used. Chemical constituents, molecular weight distribution as well as thermodynamic parameters of asphalt were obtained. Peel test was applied to evaluate the cohesive properties within bitumen. The relationship between these parameters was investigated

In thermal de-asphalting procedure, where asphaltene particles are aggregated through heating crude oil at an elevated temperature, predicting the asphaltene particles’ diameter is of major importance. In this study, thermal de-asphalting process is modeled using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system by considering isolating temperature, crude oil API and asphaltene content as inputs to predict asphaltene

A natural hydrogen donor, i.e., a subfraction of the coker gas oil, was used in thermal upgrading of the Venezuela extra-heavy oil. The role of hydrogen donor was quantitatively studied by a combination of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The hydrogen donation was clearly evidenced and reliably evaluated by comparing the experimental and calculated thermal parameters

The purpose is to clarify the effect of warm-mix modifier on rheological properties of SBS warm-mix modified asphalt and its viscosity reduction mechanism. Different types of SBS warm-mix modified asphalt were prepared. The effects of modifier content and temperature on the rheological properties of SBS warm-mix modified asphalt were assessed. The viscosity reduction mechanism of SBS warm-mix modified

The performance of both ebullated bed H-Oil vacuum residue (VR) hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) of vacuum gas oils (VGO) is interrelated. The increase of H-Oil unit reaction temperature maximizes VR conversion and augments the aromaticity and density of the hydrocracked heavy oils. The FCC of VGO blends that contain more aromatic H-Oil VGOs is featured by a lower VGO conversion. It

Steam injection is attracting a considerable interest in terms of EOR. In this work the oil-saturated sandstones and their extracts (Ashalcha field) were subjected to hydrothermal heating in the presence of iron oxide (II, III) nanoparticles in an autoclave at a 200 °C and 250 °C for 24 hours. SARA analysis revealed that the destruction of resins and asphaltenes is observed after thermo-catalytic treatment

This work is aimed to investigate the effect of CO2/CH4 solvent and N2/CH4 solvent injection on phase behaviors of condensate in DZT reservoir. The results indicate that CO2/CH4 flooding is vaporizing-gas drive when the mole fraction of CO2 is below 0.8, and it becomes condensing-gas drive with the mole fraction of CO2 greater than 0.8. To lower the minimum miscible pressure of multiple contact miscibility

Carbonium ion can be generated easier when low-carbon alcohols are added to hydrocracking tail oil, which initiate the cracking reaction of macromolecular n-paraffin. So the yield of lube oil base oil increases, while that of paraffin decreases, but the total yield of the two products increases. When the low-carbon alcohol is added to the raw oil for non-hydrodewaxing reaction of hydrocracking tail

A series of NiO–MoO3 promoted Pt/ZrO2–TiO2–Al2O3 catalysts were investigated in the cracking reactions of n-decane under supercritical conditions. The results show that the addition of NiO could facilitate the formation of strong acid sites, which are contributed to improving the cracking performance. The catalyst with 6.0 wt.% NiO shows the highest catalytic cracking activity among all catalysts,

The naphthenic acids (NAs) present in the crude oil can lead to the corrosion problems in oil refinery equipment apart from reduces the performances of the oil. In this study, the method to remove NA were done by means of extraction using sodium thiocyanate in ethanol with the aid of Ni/Ca/Al2O3 and Ni/Ce/Al2O3 catalysts at 27 °C reaction temperature. The catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness

The adsorption of Acid Red 10B from aqueous solution has been studied in a fixed bed adsorber using raw and activated petroleum coke as an adsorbent. The activation of the petroleum coke was done with different impregnation ratios of petroleum coke with KOH, activation time and activation temperature to find the best activation condition. The activated petroleum coke is used for the fixed bed adsorption

Methane steam reforming (MSR) reaction is a promising industrial hydrogen production technology. In this study, the impregnation method was deployed to prepare mono Co and Co-based bimetallic catalysts loaded on CeO2 nanoparticles as the catalysts for MSR. Results show that the improved Co-based bimetallic catalysts have good performance compared to the mono one. The best catalyst sample was Co-Ni/CeO2

Accurate knowledge about vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) and phase behavior of impure carbon dioxide has noticeable effect on designing carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) processes. In the current work, a novel computational method namely least square support vector machine (LSSVM) was used to predict VLE of binary system of carbon dioxide with nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and argon. To this end

In-situ combustion process is a widely used approach as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in shale and heavy oil reservoirs. In this present contribution, normal propane combustion has been investigated in a porous media. In this regard, fluid flow and heat transfer equations coupled with reaction network of propane combustion in a porous media and solved with COMSOL software. A good agreement

Type I and II kerogens, isolated from outcrop shales in the Songliao Basin, were performed a programed sealed-heating kinetic process. Both carbon isotope values of pyrolysis-residual kerogens and those of asphaltene extractions present gradual enrichments dependence on increasing Easy %Ro and biomarker maturity ratios. The carbon isotope (δ13C) values are used for the first time to analyze a close

Sasobit is an additive to produce asphalt mixes suitable for the use at lower construction temperatures without sacrificing the mix properties. However, Sasobit damages the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) of asphalt. Therefore, it is difficult to characterize the constitutive equation of Sasobit-modified asphalt. This study has modeled the rheological response of Sasobit-modified bitumen

According to the current situation of the W5 fault block, it is necessary to carry out the surface-active polymer flooding. By physical simulation, the optimal concentration is 1000 mg/L, the optimal slug size is 0.3PV, and the earlier the injection opportunity, the slower the injection rate, the higher the recovery rate. By numerical simulation, the recovery rate of the optimal scheme is 27.2%. Compared

H-ZSM-5, H-IM-5, and H-IM-5(DS) zeolites were synthesized as highly active and shape selective catalysts for the alkylation of benzene with methanol. The samples were characterized by N2-adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, and Py-FTIR. The benzene conversion and xylene selectivity were in the same order H-IM-5(DS) > H-IM-5 > H-ZSM-5, while the toluene selectivity was in the reverse order

The stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of light crude oils from deep reservoirs of Cambrian-Ordovician strata in Tazhong area of Tarim Basin, NW China were investigated. The δ13C and δD values determined from the oil samples ranged from −32.94 to −29.53‰ and −121.36 to −87.78‰, respectively. A positive correlation exists between δ13Coil and δDoil when the δ13Coil < −31.15‰, while a negative correlation

Abstract A transition metal oxide catalyst of copper oxide nanoparticles was synthesized by a conventional non-hydrothermal method. It was studied as a catalyst in thermocatalytic upgrading and viscosity reduction of heavy oil in the laboratory. The experimental results showed that the viscosity of heavy oil may be reduced by 85.75% with 0.2 wt% catalyst at 350 °C for 40 min. With determinations of

Abstract This study investigates the reduction of emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with diesel and Di-tetra-butyl peroxide blends by altering the engine load from 1.1 to 5.5 kW with three repetitions. The objective of the study is to investigate DTBP as an ignition improver and to diminish the emission level of a diesel engine. Two concentrations of DTBP (10 and 20% by volume) were

Abstract In the petroleum and industrial fields, hydrates are easily formed in the process of oil and gas transportation, which affects the normal operation of pipelines and even causes safety accidents. The formation of hydrates in four different oily white oil emulsion systems of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% was compared. The change of emulsion chord length before and after hydration reaction was studied

Five paraffin-degrading bacteria were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil collected from Liaohe Oilfield, from which a dominant strain named SS13 was screened out via D2O-labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy. The dominant strain was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and its potential effect in the biodegradation of crude oil was investigated. Results show that the strain produces