Photovoltaic (PV) technology offers an economic and sustainable solution to the challenge of increasing energy demand in times of global warming. The world PV market is currently dominated by the homo-junction crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV technology based on high temperature diffused p-n junctions, featuring a low power conversion efficiency (PCE). Recent years have seen the successful development

With the development of science and technology, microelectronic components have evolved to become increasingly integrated and miniaturized. As a result, thermal management, which can seriously impact the function, reliability, and lifetime of such components, has become a critical issue. Recently, the use of polymer-based thermal interface materials (TIMs) in thermal management systems has attracted

Group-III-nitride semiconductors, including AlN, GaN, InN and their ternary, quaternary compounds, are promising electronic and optoelectronic materials for the applications in light emitting diodes, lasers, field emitters, photodetectors, artificial photosynthesis, and solar cells. Owing to their direct bandgaps ranging from near infra-red to deep ultraviolet. In recent years, the growth of group-III

Electron holography is a useful technique to directly visualize the electromagnetic fields in and around various functional materials at the nanometer scale. The precision and resolution of this technique have been drastically improved by using various specialized instruments. From in situ experiments applying electric current and voltage and using these specialized instruments, conductivity changes

The exciting properties of micro- and nano-patterned surfaces found in natural species hide a virtually endless potential of technological ideas, opening new opportunities for innovation and exploitation in materials science and engineering. Due to the diversity of biomimetic surface functionalities, inspirations from natural surfaces are interesting for a broad range of applications in engineering

Generally, nanophotonics is associated with plasmonic materials and structures made of noble metals such as gold or silver. However, conventional plasmonic materials have several disadvantages restricting their applications. First, plasmonic materials like gold and silver suffer from high optical loss at optical frequencies. Second, noble metals are rare and not proper for large scale fabrication.

Conventional rubber products, such as tires, seals, tubing, and damping systems are manufactured via a vulcanization process, which forms covalently crosslinked network structures and ensures mechanical robustness, thermal stability and chemical resistance. However, the covalent networks are permanent and these products cannot be reprocessed or reshaped, which makes vulcanised rubbers one of the major

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are in a blossoming status where their inherent optoelectronic properties are being revisited from the perspective of both fundamental science and practical application. In an attempt to boost the manipulating photoluminescence performance of MHPs, it is timely and vital to review the relation between structural attributes and the photo-physical phenomena for their unique

Injectable scaffolds are appealing for tissue regeneration because they offer many advantages over pre-formed scaffolds. This article provides a comprehensive review of the injectable scaffolds currently being investigated for dental and craniofacial tissue regeneration. First, we provide an overview of injectable scaffolding materials, including natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials. Next

Over the past century, hydrogels have emerged as effective materials for an immense variety of applications. The unique network structure of hydrogels enables very high levels of hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, while at the same time exhibiting the soft physical properties associated with living tissue, making them ideal biomaterials. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels have been especially impactful

Ferroelectric materials are the best dielectric and piezoelectric materials known today. Since the discovery of barium titanate in the 1940s, lead zirconate titanate ceramics in the 1950s and relaxor-PT single crystals (such as lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate and lead zinc niobate-lead titanate) in the 1980s and 1990s, perovskite ferroelectric materials have been the dominating piezoelectric materials

Despite the progress in developing new therapeutic modalities, cancer remains one of the leading diseases causing human mortality. This is mainly attributed to the inability to diagnose tumors in their early stage. By the time the tumor is confirmed, the cancer may have already metastasized, thereby making therapies challenging or even impossible. It is therefore crucial to develop new or to improve

Graphene is emerging as an interesting electronic material for future electronics due to its exceptionally high carrier mobility and single-atomic thickness. Graphene-dielectric integration is of critical importance for the development of graphene transistors and a new generation of graphene based electronics. Deposition of dielectric materials onto graphene is of significant challenge due to the intrinsic

In this review, we will bring the reader up to date with recent advances in the use of galvanic replacement reactions to engineer highly tunable nanostructures for a variety of applications. We will begin by discussing the variety of templates that have been used for such reactions and how the structural details (e.g., shape, size, and defects, among others) have interesting effects on the ultimate

We demonstrate the application of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin films in highly sensitive pressure and oxygen sensors, designed for pressure and oxygen content measurements within the heart and blood vessels. PDMS thin film displacement as a result of pressure changes was transduced by a capacitive detection technique to produce quantitative measurement of absolute pressures. Oxygen measurements

Peptides are emerging as a new class of biomaterials due to their unique chemical, physical, and biological properties. The development of peptide-based biomaterials is driven by the convergence of protein engineering and macromolecular self-assembly. This review covers the basic principles, applications, and prospects of peptide-based biomaterials. We focus on both chemically synthesized and genetically

Infectious disease is a critically important global healthcare issue. In the U.S. alone there are 2 million new cases of hospital-acquired infections annually leading to 90,000 deaths and 5 billion dollars of added healthcare costs. Couple these numbers with the appearance of new antibiotic resistant bacterial strains and the increasing occurrences of community-type outbreaks, and clearly this is an

Recent years have seen tremendous advances in the field of hydrogel-based biomaterials. One of the most prominent revolutions in this field has been the integration of elements or techniques that enable spatial and temporal control over hydrogels’ properties and functions. Here, we critically review the emerging progress of spatiotemporal control over biomaterial properties towards the development