A novel Hilbert fractal photo microreactor (PMR) was proposed to investigate the photochemical synthesis of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HDN) through direct C-C coupling of acetone in continuous-flow mode. The conventional fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) capillary PMR was used for comparison. The flow in the Hilbert fractal PMR was numerically analyzed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It was found

A series of Cu-Ru/MgO catalyst was developed for the continuous production of propylene glycol from glycerol in a sectionally packed downflow tubular reactor in the vapor phase. Glycerol conversion and the formation of propylene glycol (1, 2-propanediol) were continuously monitored at the outlet of the reactor operated at different reaction conditions. At atmospheric pressure, hydroxyacetone (acetol)

In the time of rapidly depleting petroleum resources, world-wide food shortages, and solid waste problems, it is imperative to promote dedicated research into using a proper pretreatment technique utilizing regeneratable raw materials such as lignocellulosic biomass. However, not all pretreatment techniques are a viable alternative for industrial practice. Pretreatment is an important step to upgrade

One-pot conversion of fructose into valuable 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) chemical was investigated under deep eutectic solvent-biphasic system. The role of ChCl, as an inexpensive and safe quaternary ammonium salt, was clearly found to be a significant effect for improving the 5-HMF yield from fructose dehydration while side reactions were suppressed. In addition, the deep eutectic solvent

The selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds into their corresponding azo compounds is challenging in organic synthesis. In this study, we have developed a facile and efficient catalytic system for the transformation of nitro compounds into azo compounds under mild conditions over a heterogeneous cobalt catalyst (Co-Nx/C-800-AT). The Co-Nx/C-800-AT catalyst was found to be highly active for the reductive-coupling

The ammonia used for NOx reduction in urea SCR is formed from the decomposition of urea in the mixing chamber. The main challenges in urea SCR are the incomplete decomposition of urea to NH3 and their subsequent non-uniform distribution at the inlet of SCR. A uniform profile at the SCR inlet without accounting for the non-uniformities from the mixing chamber may lead to an error in the system design

The rapid communication of viral diseases can cause massive economic damage and loss of life. The manufacture of most anti-viral drugs is normally carried out using batch synthesis which typically requires long production time (3-15 days), significant manpower, and infrastructure. The fabrication of fully integrated flow-based manufacturing systems offers an alternative approach that can be greener

The reaction of carbon dioxide reduction with 1-butene to obtain CO and 1,3-butadiene (BD) is of great importance, but is challenging, especially achieve its highly selective transformation to BD. Herein, we conducted the first work that to synthesize Fe7C3@FeO nanoparticles supported on activated carbon (AC) which containing acid sites rather than Brønsted acids for the carbon dioxide reduction with

Correction for ‘Tetrahydrofuran-based two-step solvent liquefaction process for production of lignocellulosic sugars’ by Arpa Ghosh et al., React. Chem. Eng., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0re00192a.