This research synthesized polybutadiene nanoparticles and investigated the induction time for their nucleation under different supersaturations and their cross-linking to be utilized in an asymmetric membrane synthesis. Purchased (bulk) polybutadiene was dissolved in toluene and then ethanol was added dropwise to the solution as an antisolvent. The induction time, i.e., the time interval between adding

Removal of organic dyes from wastewater has become an important issue because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. In this study, we prepared Ag-doped ZnO (Ag_ZnO) photocatalysts containing various amounts of Ag (0.05-0.5mol%) by a hydrothermal process followed by calcination at 500 °C and evaluated the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation. The incorporation

A two-objective, two-stage mathematical model was developed considering demand uncertainty and operational risk assessment in constructing a utility supply network for steam generation and steam exchange in a petrochemical industrial park. This study defined two objective functions, the total economic cost and risk cost, where the demand uncertainty enhanced the reliability of the utility network design

This research investigated the concept of a two-step acidic and thermal treatment for glucose extraction and levulinic acid (LA) production from food waste using dilute hydrochloric acid (DHA) as a catalyst, and subsequently analyzed the properties of the resulting humins. Glucose extraction was performed under various reaction conditions (reaction temperature range: 120-190 °C, DHA concentration range:

Coal gasification slag (CGS) is a carbon-containing solid waste used as an adsorbent to remove low concentrations of mercury from wastewater in a series of batch tests to assess its adsorption properties and safe storage. The results showed that the adsorption of mercury on CGS was a very rapid and efficient process, and adsorption equilibrium was reached in only 10–40 min. A pseudo-second-order kinetics

Ethylenediamine (EA)-incorporated MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 adsorbents were prepared for CO2 adsorption. First, MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 was directly prepared by the solvothermal method, followed by the EA incorporation inside the pores of MIL-101(Cr)-NH2. The prepared samples were characterized by N2 porosimetry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared

The papermaking process is a typical nonlinear process with multiple input-output variables, so it is difficult to construct an accurate model for the process. Data-based modeling techniques may be used to establish a reliable paper plant model. In particular, the LSSVM (least-squares support vector machine) can be used to create a highperformance papermaking process model based on operation data.

Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of Quercus mongolica over HZSM-5 and in-line esterification of pyrolysis/catalytic pyrolysis vapors with liquid phase n-butyl alcohol were carried out in a fluidized bed reactor. The ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis over HZSM-5 beads was performed to produce bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbons. The temperature of the ex-situ catalytic upgrading reaction was varied from 450

Alumina supported bimetallic cobalt-iron oxide (Co3O4-Fe2O3/Al2O3) catalyst was prepared via co-impregnation of boehmite with the mixture solution of cobalt nitrate and iron nitrate followed by calcination in air. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscope analyses confirmed the existence of highly dispersed Co3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the as-prepared

A novel and uncomplicated synthesis method of Cu2+-chelating with carboxyl groups that directly-modified NiFe2O4 magnetic microspheres (NiFe2O4-PAA-Cu2+) was fabricated for selective enrichment and separation of bovine hemoglobin (BHb). First, a carboxyl group directly-modified on NiFe2O4 magnetic microspheres was gained through a facile one-pot solvothermal method. Second, Cu2+ from CuSO4 was brought

Three different Gemini compounds containing different lengths of multi-carbonyl groups were synthesized, and the effect of their hydrocarbon tail length on the AgNPs synthesis was investigated. The Gemini surfactants with the long hydrocarbon chain tail produces small AgNPs with a narrow size distribution and high colloidal stability in an aqueous phase. The surface parameters of the aqueous solution

Intrinsically microporous oligomers (or oligomers of intrinsic microporosity, OIM) for use as organic poro-gens were first synthesized and subsequently incorporated into polysulfone (PSU) matrices to produce mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation. Their molecular weight was controlled to be about Mn=2,800 (n~5–6), and their end groups were regulated to be either -OH (OH-OIM) or -F (F-OIM)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used as an adsorbent in a solid-phase extraction (SPE) process to detect pesticide residues in water. The MWCNT were prepared with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polysilazane liquid by pyrolysis. The morphology and integrity of MWCNT were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and transmission

We employed polypyrrole/graphene quantum dot (PPy/GQD) composites as a sensor for the simple and selective detection of catecholamine neurotransmitters (CNs), such as dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), norepinephrine (NE), which play vital roles in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The PPy/GQD composites showed strong fluorescence emission, which was significantly increased, by as much as greater

Pine sawdust, to which sulfuric acid was applied (APSD), was utilized as an inexpensive adsorbent to perform the batch adsorptive removal from a synthetic dye solution of Maxilon Red GRL (MR GRL). The activated adsorbent was characterized by the points of zero charge, FTIR, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, and SEM-EDX analyses. According to the removal results, the highest efficiency of the dye adsorption

The presence of antibiotics in the environment as persistent micropollutants, due to their widespread consumption, has increased the concerns about the harmful effects of these compounds on human and animal health. Advanced oxidation processes are one of the most effective methods to remove these types of organic pollutants. In this study, amoxicillin (AMX) removal in a modified photoelectro-Fenton

We investigated the visible-light sensitive photocatalytic ability of a designed ternary Pd-GO/TiON nano-composite for use as an effective photocatalyst in membranes. We succeeded in synthesizing the TiO2-based photocata-lyst for Suzuki coupling reaction and application of this photocatalyst for fabricating high performance photocatalytic membrane. In this regard, palladium metal as a complementary

Bacterial cellulose (BC), an important biopolymer, has gained tremendous interest in several fields in the last few decades. Despite having the same chemical structure as plant cellulose, BC is superior in physical appearance and purity, as well as in mechanical, crystallinic, and biological properties for multiple applications. Despite these features, BC has limitations in production cost as well

A three-zone simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography using ModiCon strategy is proposed to enhance the separating performance. In this approach, three fold-concentrated feed and only desorbent are introduced during one-third and two-thirds of the switching time, respectively. The results showed that if the concentrated feed is introduced during the first and the last subsection of switching time

Porous graphene and graphene-silica microparticles containing titania nanoparticles were synthesized by emulsion-assisted self-assembly for the photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue in an aqueous medium. After the mixed dispersion of graphene nanosheets and titania nanoparticles with or without silicic acid was prepared, the complex fluid was emulsified in a continuous oil phase to form tiny

Mg-loaded activated carbons were prepared by adding various amounts of Mg (1 to 20 wt%) via ultrasonic-assisted impregnation to investigate the effects on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of ammonia. Mg-loaded activated carbons were characterized by TGA, BET, SEM, EDS mapping, and NH3-TPD analysis. Mg was homogeneously dispersed on the activated carbon and NH3-TPD analysis confirmed improved

Polymagnesium silicate sulfate (PMSiS) was prepared by using magnesium sulfate modified polysilicic acid (PSiA). The PMSiS’s functional group and morphology were analyzed by FTIR and SEM, respectively. The coagulation performance of PMSiS and PSiA was studied and compared in terms of the Congo red (CR) dye removal efficiency. After modification, PMSiS was a complexation polymeric species with the compact

We demonstrate that control of the defect level on carbon materials is effective for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of nonprecious-metal catalysts. Vapor-grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF) with high crystallinity and high electronic conductivity was chosen as the substrate of our ORR catalysts. To induce defects on the VGCNF, it was subjected to ball-milling for various controlled

We conducted a comparative study of gas phase dehydration of glycerol to acrolein over aluminium phosphate, iron phosphate and nickel phosphate catalysts prepared by a simple replacement reaction method (AlP, FeP and NiP). The textural properties, acid amounts, acid types, and coke contents of the samples were studied. The results showed that all metal phosphate catalysts remained in an amorphous state

SnS is an earth-abundant, non-toxic, and low-cost absorber material for solar cell applications. In this work, the physical properties of SnS thin films and efficiency of SnS solar cells were investigated for different tin metal layer thicknesses of 300 nm (Sn-300), 500 nm (Sn-500), and 700 nm (Sn-700) deposited by DC sputtering followed by the sulfurization using effusion cell evaporation method.

Experiments were performed to separate CO2 from biogas using a ceramic hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC). CH4/CO2 mixed gas (34.5% CO2, CH4 balance) and monoethanolamine (MEA) were used. The influence of operating conditions, such as the gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, L/G ratio, CO2 partial pressure, and module type, on the CO2 removal efficiency and CO2 absorption flux was evaluated. As the

A solid-state conversion process for the preparation of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM333) using metal oleate precursors was studied. The low melting points of metal oleate complexes result in a highly homogeneous mixture of Li-, Ni-, Co-, and Mn-oleates before calcination at a high temperature in a solid-state conversion process. The discharge capacity and capacity retention were assessed using a control

The fuel acclimation process offers flexibility in microbial fuel cell (MFC) power generation behavior. Different concentrations (50–200 mg/L) of phenol were used for adapting the activated sludge (AS), obtained from a local petroleum wastewater treatment plant and Ralstonia eutropha pure culture. Anodic biomass capable of oxidizing phenol substrate, using either AS inoculum microbial consortium or

Magnetic cobalt ferrites (CoFe2O4) were synthesized by sol-gel method. These nanoparticles were ultra-sonicated with surface modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SM-MWCNTs) to form CoFe2O4/SM-MWCNTs nanocomposites. The as-prepared materials were used as an adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) arising from the presence of dichromate ions (Cr2O2−7) in the electroplating effluent

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly has been rigorously applied to the construction of superhydrophobic surfaces. Typically, this involves generating a hierarchical porous structure which is then coated with a low surface energy compound. In this study, a porous LbL film was constructed from poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) using a PAA solution with a bimodal molecular weight

Ni-MgO catalysts have been widely applied for carbon dioxide reforming (CDR) reaction due to their ability of anti-carbon formation. However, activation of Ni-MgO catalyst consumes considerable energy because of its very low reducibility. In this study, ZrO2, CeO2, and CeO2-ZrO2 promoted Ni-MgO catalysts were prepared via a facile coprecipitation method and applied to the CDR reaction. Among the prepared

N/S dual-doped carbon materials were synthesized from coffee waste and cysteine for use as porous carbon electrode materials for electric double layer capacitors. The capacitance of the carbon materials was calculated from the experimental results of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests. The N/S-doped carbon materials obtained from heat-treatment with cysteine exhibited a higher

Although capacitive deionization (CDI) is an energy-efficient and environment-friendly desalination technique, the severe performance decrease during long-term operation has been a critical obstacle to its practical application. Compared to various other approaches for stability improvement, the ion-exchange polymer (IEP) coating on the electrode seems to be both efficient and economically feasible

Oxygenated fuels are of great interest as these are more energy efficient and environment friendly. Therefore, thermodynamic properties like density, ultrasonic speed and refractive indices of diisopropyl ether+benzene+n-hexane mixtures were measured experimentally at 298.15 K, 308.15 K and 318.15 K. Excess properties like volume (\(V_m^E\)), isentropic compressibility (\(K_S^E\)), intermolecular free

Seed-mediated growth has attracted much attention due to the wide range of controllability in size and shape, improved reproducibility, and capability to form bimetallic structures. Especially, seed-mediated growth of Ag has been extensively studied due to the excellent electrical, thermal, optical, and catalytic properties of Ag, but it has been conducted mainly for isotropic seeds such as nanocubes

The heterogeneous interface in materials, due to its crucial role in catalytic reactions, has attracted much attention. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of Co3O4 and Ce/Ni-modified Co3O4 catalysts derived from ZIF-67 and their application in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was greatly affected by the calcination temperature and molar ratio of the

This paper reports the simultaneous synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a spherical and stable structure using microbial fuel cell (MFC) biofilms. The green, facile, chemical stabilizers and capping-agent free AuNPs synthesis allow the binder-free in situ decoration of AuNPs on MFC anode electrode with the help of special interactions of biofilm. The MFC with AuNPs decorated carbon foam anode

At 323.2 K the liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) of a ternary system of ethanol, 2-butanone, and choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were experimentally determined under atmospheric pressure. The LLE of the same ternary system was also obtained at 303.2 K to investigate the effect of temperature on ethanol separation. In almost all cases no DESs were detected in the raffinate phase. In

We succeeded in generating nanopores in a cellulose acetate (CA) matrix under water pressure using copper nitrate (Cu(NO2)2·4H2O) as the additive. The nanopores were produced when the polymer matrix was subjected to isostatic water pressure adding copper(II) nitrate into the CA membrane. The polymer chains were weakened by the plasticization effect of copper(II) nitrate present in the CA membrane.

Ceramic filters have been widely used in industrial engineering, such as the Shell coal gasification process (SCGP) and Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), where the performance of the ceramic filter is achieved by the pulse jet. Residual pressure drop and gas consumption are directly related to reverse-flow pulse (RFP) pressure. However, in the process of operation, the RFP pressure is

Nanocrystalline Cellulose (CNC) has smoother surfaces, better optical transparency and higher mechanical strength in comparison with various cellulose fibers. These properties combined with their low cost, light weight, and flexiblility indicate CNC’s great potential as an attractive candidate for preparation of carbon materials, which can be promising electrode for Lithium-ion batteries. However,

The removal efficiency of phosphate ion from aqueous media using magnesium oxide/iron molybdate (MgO/Fe2(MoO4)3) nanocomposite was investigated. MgO nanoparticles were chemically modified by ferric molybdate. Then, the structure and morphology of the nanocomposite was completely investigated using different analyses such as SEM, EDX/Map, FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and TEM. The TEM analysis demonstrated that

Low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) is a sticky liquid mixture produced mainly from coal pyrolysis, which contains various value-added chemicals (VACs). Liquid-liquid extraction is considered as one of the green and effective ways to explore the organic composition and separate the VACs from LTCT. Herein, petroleum ether, methanol, and carbon disulfide were used to extract arenols from a LTCT. As a result

Treatment of Pb-Zn smelter wastewater via complexation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) was studied using copolymer of acrylic acid-maleic acid (PMA) as complexant. The complexing reaction kinetics of M (Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II)) with PMA were examined for the first time and the pseudo-first-order model could be employed to simulate the reaction. The effects of the mass ratio of PMA to metal ions (P/M) and

The synthesis of vinyl acetate (VAc) from ethylene is a strongly exothermic reaction that might easily cause catalyst deactivation and reduce selectivity of VAc. Research at the bed scale helps to improve the conversion of C2H4 and the selectivity of VAc. In this study, the discrete element method (DEM) was used to construct a fixed-bed structure model via simulating the filling process of catalyst

We report the synthesis and characterization of crystalline calcium phosphate (CaP) nanostructures from calcium inositol hexakisphosphate (CaIP6) precursor in water-ethanol mixed solutions. We show how these CaPs can be prepared by a solvo-hydrothermal reaction and determined their compositions and structures using a battery of material characterization techniques. Our results show that only the hydroxyapatite

Stirred mixing is one of the important unit operations in the chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical and food industries. The mixing of liquids is achieved by a rotating shear flow field formed by a periodic jet flow from the impeller. In this work, we investigated the flow structure in a square stirred tank without baffles and with a Rushton impeller (RT) using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), which is widely used as detergent, is a common toxic pollutant in wastewater. Generally, biodegradation process is applied to remove LAS. However, the efficiency of traditional wastewater treatment cannot meet the growing demand. In this study, an improved biological turntable with a symbiotic system of bacteria and microalgae was primarily used to enhance the biodegradation

Due to the complexity of the contaminations in wastewater, a universal adsorbent that takes many sorts of pollutant is desired. A multi-functioning magnetic Fe3O4-cored magnesium-aluminum layered double oxide (Fe3O4@LDO) composite was prepared and employed as an adsorbent for removing F−, Sb(III) and MO from water, respectively, which are three typical contaminants with different molecule sizes as

The use of biopolymers obtained from natural resources as a carbon source has attracted much attention. In this study, we introduced a novel method for synthesis of hollow magnetic carbon microbeads (HMCMs) based on core-shell alginate hydrogel microbeads consisting of a hydrophobic iron-oleate core encapsulated in a shell of ionically cross-linked alginate hydrogel using the syringe pump with the

Economic estimation of an environmental-friendly biomethanation process based on economic values of consumed and produced gases would be a unique attitude. In this paper, time and space dependent concentration profiles of components involved in a batch process, designed for biomethanation, were predicted through a mass transfer modelling. The reaction terms used in the modeling required bio-kinetic

CuO/PES composite membranes were fabricated through phase inversion method, focusing on fouling reduction and improving separation performance. Copper oxide nanoparticles were used as filler additive in the membrane structure. The effect of the embedded CuO nanoparticles on the morphology was studied by considering SEM, SOM and 3D surface images. Flux recovery ratio (FRR%), water contact angle, water

An ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) with monophosphonic groups was prepared by thermal copolymerization. Bis(2-methacryloxyethyl) phosphate (BMAOP) was used as functional monomer to react with Fe3+ in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was used as cross-linker during polymerization process. A suitable molar ratio of BMAOP to Fe3+ was investigated by UV/Vis/NIR Spectrometer

The separation of methanol-chloroform mixture, a minimum-boiling azeotrope, is performed using pressure- swing distillation process via process simulation. In this study, the steady-state optimization was carried out using PRO/II with PROVISION v.10. The two different column configurations (low-to-high pressure and high-to-low pressure) were compared wherein the positions of the low-pressure column

Uranium (VI), as a toxic contaminant, is a potential detriment to human health and environmental safety. In this experiment, carboxymethyl cellulose/Ca-rectorite composite material (Ca-REC/CMC) was prepared by crosslinking reaction to remove U(VI) from the liquid. The crystal structure was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface structure and morphology of the materials were investigated by

The surface of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles was treated with oleic acid, and the resulting surface properties were characterized. Bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate)/SiO2 nanocomposites were fabricated via solution blending. The influence of the SiO2 content on the thermal stability, flexural properties, impact strength, and morphology of the prepared nanocomposites was

A highly effective adsorbent of lanthanum-modified D751 resin (D751 resin for macroporous styrene chelated resin, sodium form) was prepared to enhance the effect of removing phosphate from solution. FTIR, SEM were used to explore the functional groups and structural features on the surface of D751-La; XPS analyzed the action mechanism between phosphate and D751-La. The adsorption performance about

The structure of the vortex finder has an important influence on the pressure drop and separation efficiency of a cyclone, which mainly governs the separation process. In this paper, the traditional vortex finder is slotted on side wall and its bottom is closed, i.e., a slotted vortex finder. The impact of slotted vortex finder on the separation performance of a cyclone is explored by using numerical

A surface hydrophilic and antifouling imprinted composite membrane based on zwitterion and dopamine for selective adsorption Li+ from compound has great potential. We investigated the selective adsorption amount for lithium from high Mg2+ and low Li+; the resulting displayed both excellent adsorption amount of Li+ and high selective adsorption efficiency of the fabricated membranes from the compound

V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 based catalytic bag filters were developed for the simultaneous removal of particulates and NO in the temperature range of 200–250 °C. Good denitrification activity, dedust efficiency as well as high adhesion strength in the temperature range of 200–250 °C was exhibited. The study of catalyst powder for coating revealed that the increased V and Mo content in catalyst can elevate the