Stripping crystallization (SC) is introduced in this work to purify durene from the mixture consisting of isodurene and durene. SC is a new technology which combines melt crystallization and vaporization via a series of three-phase transformations at low pressures during the cooling process. The three-phase transformation conditions for a liquid mixture determined by the thermodynamic calculations

The impact of different parameters on the chemical degradation of the Nafion polymer electrolyte membrane was investigated in detail under different concentrations of Fenton solution. As a consequence of chemical degradation, the performance and durability of the perfluorosulfonic acid-based electrolyte membrane in fuel cells was studied. Quantitative estimation of fluoride emitted after chemical degradation

Flow mal-distribution in the shell side of the gas-cooled conventional reactor (CR) in the mega methanol plant is responsible for producing gas condensate in the catalytic zone. This phenomenon leads to catalyst agglomeration and efficiency reduction in the reactor. In this study, two novel and viable strategies, possible to be implemented in working reactors, are introduced to prevent condensation

Process monitoring plays an essential role in safe and profitable operations. Various data-driven fault detection models have been suggested, but they cannot perform properly when the training data are insufficient or the information to construct the manifold is confined to a specific region. In this study, a process monitoring framework integrated with data augmentation is proposed to supplement rare

The interaction between methyl ester sulfonate (MES) surfactant and polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer in alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding due to electrostatic charges and hydrophobicity of both elements at the interface was investigated. In the ASP flooding, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were used as alkali. At high PAM concentrations, the strong hydrophobic interaction

Several mono-and bi-metallic photocatalysts with different loadings have been synthesized using ultrasound assisted sol gel and wet impregnation methods. Synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques to determine the bandgap, functional groups, crystallinity, and surface morphology. Photocatalytic performance of the different catalysts was compared in terms of Rhodamine-B

Spectroscopic, microscopic and size dependent antibacterial efficiency of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by green approach were studied. Five different samples of Ag NPs having average sizes in the range of ∼14 to ∼21 nm were synthesized using Psidium guajava (Guava) leaf extract (0.25 ml, 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml, 4 ml, respectively) in 50 ml aqueous AgNO3 solution of molar concentration of 1 mM. The

Hydrazine, a hygroscopic liquid, needs to be dehydrated for its utilization as rocket propellant. The conventional processes of separation are cumbersome, as hydrazine forms an azeotrope with water apart from being explosive and highly alkaline. Pervaporation is a well-established safe, energy intensive process for separation of azeotrope mixtures. The selection of polymer for separation of hydrazine

Flow-induced oscillation is an effective way to enhance heat transfer, which requires no extra energy consumption and can prevent fouling and soot formation. To test the flow-induced oscillation effect on the heat transfer of impingement flow, an 18 mm wide and 30 µm thick membrane tape was mounted at the exit of the ejection pipe. As the ejection Reynolds number increased from 5280 to 9827, the oscillating

We report a quick and simple method to fabricate transparent superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using partial combustion of PDMS by thermal convection. The fabrication process only uses PDMS as an ingredient and does not require harmful, expensive materials such as organic solvent or fluoropolymer. To make PDMS superhydrophobic, combustion reaction was used to create hierarchical structures

Catalytic pyrolysis offers a sustainable route to convert plastic wastes into fuel. We investigated the catalytic performance of coal ash (fly and bottom ash) at blending ratio of 5 wt%, and 15 wt% during pyrolysis of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The influence on activation energy and oil was characterized via thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Commercial nanofiltration polyethersulfone (NF2) membrane was modified via ultraviolet (UV) photografting to prepare a high-performance forward osmosis (FO) membrane. The optimized condition of grafting parameters was obtained using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). UV-photografting time and acrylic acid (AA) monomer concentration were the considered variables,

Understanding the transport behavior of a gel system in porous media is of great significance in enhancing oil recovery (EOR) for high water cut oil reservoirs. However, the length of the experiment models (sandpack or core sample) in current studies is usually in the range of centimeter scale, which is too short to track the full movement path of gel particles. In this work, 10-m long slim sandpacks

Recently, there has been an increasing concern in finding sorbents for radionuclide removal from natural sources. AS-BFS sorbent (aluminum silicate composites derived from blast furnace slag) is a suitable candidate for this purpose; due to economic and environmental reasons. Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a by-product of the iron and steel industry plants. The development of a cost-effective route for

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foams were prepared at different saturation temperatures using two supercritical foaming methods. The average cell size, cell number density, and porosity of PET foams obtained using each foaming method were compared. The crystallinity of the PET samples after the saturation step in the two-step foaming process was measured to observe the CO2-induced crystallization

A novel biosorbent (‘Manna_COOH’) was synthesized via dual reaction stages of direct carbonylation of hydroxyl groups of richly cellulosic manna root powder and subsequent esterification of the resultant anhydride analogue into an ester of high carboxyl content. Both the biosorbent precursor and the 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid sustain complementary features that ensured their efficient complexation

To improve the bioavailability of ampicillin trihydrate (AMP) as a poorly water-soluble drug, the nanonization of AMP particles was carried out by solvent anti-solvent precipitation for the first time. In this method the subcritical water (SW) and cold water at ambient conditions were utilized as the solvent and anti-solvent, respectively. At first, the solubility of AMP in SW was measured. The solubility

Biofilm-based microalgal cultivation has recently received great attention owing to its low harvesting cost, but the main problem in practicing it is the low rate of attachment on solid carriers. The aim of this research is to introduce novel physical and wet chemical surface engineering methods to provide more favorable polymeric surfaces for microalgal adhesion. PET threads were used as a substrate

Machine learning based approaches to material discovery are reviewed with the aim of providing a perspective on the current state of the art and its potential. Various models used to represent molecules and crystals are introduced and such representations can be used within the neural networks to generate materials that satisfy specified physical features and properties. For problems where large database

In the ongoing global warming era, increasing the share of renewable energy systems (RES) in the energy portfolio has been a goal for many governments around the world. South Korea is not an exception and has employed numerous policy measures to promote adoption of RES. The latest renewable energy plan is one of those measures in which the target shares of RES are set for the coming decade. This study

Response surface methodology (RSM), multi-layer perceptron trained by Levenberg-Marquardt (MLP-LM); multi-layer perception and Sigma-Pi neural networks trained by particle swarm optimization (PSO) were used to effectively and reliably predict the performance of Classical-Fenton and Photo-Fenton processes. H2O2 doses, Fe(II) doses, and H2O2/Fe(II) rates were determined as independent variables in batch

Industrial effluents that contain various toxic substances have polluted our water and soil and posed major health issues. Thus, their removal or conversion to non-toxic products is highly crucial and desirable. This work emphasizes the synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles through precipitation method using anionic and cationic surfactants for exploring its catalytic efficiency in the photocatalytic reduction

To entrench heavy metal chelation functional groups, native corn starch was grafted with acrylonitrile and subsequently hydrolyzed (using sodium hydroxide) to produce chemically crosslinked superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) of three-dimensional hydrophilic polymeric networks. SAHs demonstrated fast swelling and superabsorbent properties, with a swelling capacity of 612 g water/g SAHs. Due to the usefulness

A lumped kinetic model has been developed for the methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction over phosphorus modified HZSM-5 catalyst. In consideration of mixed feed cracking, a higher reaction temperature than the conventional MTO reaction was chosen. The reaction temperature considered is in range of 500 to 680 °C. The experimental data for the kinetic model were obtained in an isothermal fixed bed reactor

The purification process of biodiesel requires an adsorbent to reduce glycerin content releasing high purity of biodiesel. The adsorbent must be affordable in source and process, readily available, and have high adsorption capacity. This paper discusses utilization of silica aerogel from geothermal waste as an adsorbent of biodiesel to reduce glycerin. The paper investigates the potential of a high

Recycling biomass to cellulose aerogel (Cell-A) provides a promising approach to develop adsorbent materials for spilled-oil recovery. In this work, Cell-A was fabricated from Vietnamese water hyacinth via crosslinking methods using PVA as a crosslinker and freeze-drying process. Various cellulose to PVA ratios were investigated to obtain the optimal synthesis condition. The Cell-A was additionally

Dumping plastic waste into landfills can lead to severe health and environmental problems. Plastic waste can be treated by the pyrolysis process to produce fuel. A techno-economic and feasibility assessment was performed for plastic-waste pyrolysis followed by hydrodeoxygenation to upgrade the fuel using the software Aspen Plus. A simulation was conducted using Aspen Plus to estimate the plant’s mass

With the intensity of resource scarcities and environmental problems, the disposal and recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries, especially recovery of valuable metals, becomes vital. In this work, a method of co-extracting nickel, cobalt, manganese and being separated from lithium by single-stage solvent extraction is proposed. The extraction and separation process of D2EHPA was studied. The effects

Although various CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) technologies are being researched and developed intensively for the purpose of lowering greenhouse gas emissions, most current technologies remain at low technology readiness levels for industrial use and are less economical compared to conventional processes. Mineral carbonation is a CO2 utilization technology with low net CO2 emissions and high CO2

The Present study deals with synthesis of PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposites with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of particle size less than 50 nm by sonication and solution casting techniques. After characterization, such nanocomposite materials were subjected to thermal study, antibiofilm, antibacterial and antioxidant screening. Nanocomposites films showed higher thermal stability than pure polymer matrix loaded

Bayesian estimation theory was used in this study to establish a state-space model of the ceramic filter tube degradation process. The model continuously integrates the latest residual pressure drop to update its own parameters, then the change rate of the degradation state, remaining life, and failure probability density distribution of the tube in real time. The residual pressure drop of the Shell

Sr0.92Y0.08Ti1−xNixO3−δ (SYTN) having a perovskite structure was investigated as a direct internal steam methane reforming catalyst for use in solid oxide fuel cells. To analyze the effect of Ni-ion doping, 0, 3, and 5 mol% of Ni is doped at the B-site of Sr0.92Y0.08TiO3−δ (SYT). On doping, each Ni2+ cation substitutes a Ti4+ cation in SYT to form an oxygen vacancy with two electron holes, thus acting

Carbon mineralization technology involves reactions between carbon dioxide (CO2) and alkali earth metals such as calcium and/or magnesium to form thermodynamically stable solid carbonates (i.e., CaCO3, and MgCO3), and is currently being recognized as a promising method of both storing and utilizing CO2. In particular, industrial solid wastes such as steelmaking slags (steel and iron slags) are considered

The operational flexibility requirement has brought great challenges to control systems of thermal power plants. Through the big data and deep-learning technology, intelligent thermal power plant can greatly improve the quality of deep peak-load regulation. Based on the framework of an intelligent thermal power plant, this paper proposes a control optimization framework by constructing a hybrid deep-learning

We report spinel-type CoFe2O4 nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized through facile hydrothermal growth and their attachment on a cage-like carbon (CC) for efficient and durable oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER/ORR) performance. As a catalyst, the so-constructed CoFe2O4 NCs show significantly higher OER performance than bare CoFe2O4 and CC, leading to an overpotential of 1.59 V for the OER at a current

This study investigates the effects of organic acid on the simultaneous absorption of SO2 and NO2 in the packed column. Organic acids, i.e., formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid, were used as additives. In the case of the absence of additives, when SO2 and NO2 were simultaneously absorbed into the limestone slurry, both SO2 and NO2 contributed to increasing the mutual absorption efficiency

Spinel-structured lithium manganese oxide is regarded as one of the most promising materials that can recover Li+ from brine and seawater. Herein, a hierarchical porous and hydrophilic H1.6Mn1.6O4@chitosan pellet (HMO@CP) is proposed and its mechanical property is tailored through the glutaraldehyde-derived cross-linking. Different characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Spinel Li4Ti5O12 is an attractive anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its stable electrochemical characteristics. However, its low electrical conductivity is regarded as a critical disadvantage for commercialization. The addition of P123 with Cr3+ doping enhanced the surface area and the electrical conductivity, which improved the electrochemical properties of Li4Ti5O12. As-prepared samples

Photocatalysis is usually considered as one of the most effective methods for treating non-biodegradable pollutants commonly found in textile wastewater. In this study, the photocatalyst of g-C3N4/MIL-53(Fe) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and applied for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) in water. The photocatalytic material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared

Whole-cell systems offer many benefits for biochemical production, such as relatively easy enzyme control and higher tolerance toward harsh environments, than purified enzymes. These systems can be applied to many bioconversion reactions, but they sometimes require cofactor regeneration units to support reactions at high substrate concentrations. Here, we examined l-glutamate oxidase (GOX) from Streptomyces

This research focuses on the enhancement of the biosorption process via apple waste (a cheap adsorbent) for the treatment of heavy metals (including Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+). The apple pomace modified by potassium permanganate (ACAPMP), apple pomace modified by sodium hydroxide (APMSH) and activated carbon apple pomace (ACAP) were synthesized as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals. The prepared

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites (NTG) were prepared by sol-gel method followed by annealing treatment process under N2 atmosphere. The as-prepared NTG nanocomposite were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse

Oxygenated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OMWNTs) were employed as additives in conventional TiO2-based photoanodes and platinum-free conducting polymer-based photocathodes. The OMWNTs were induced to form covalent bonds with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and were successfully intercalated into a poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) network. Furthermore, a dye-sensitized

A suspended membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was employed to treat low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater. The suspended membranes amplified by Comamonas sp. YSF15 were collected to develop the SMBR, which showed excellent performance for nitrate (NO3) removal. The maximum nitrate removal efficiency of 95.22% was obtained at an initial nitrate concentration of 20 mg L−1, HRT of 6 h, and C/N=2.5: 1

The ionic liquid 3-decyl-bis(1-vinyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium-bromide) (C10[VImBr]2) was synthesized and its chemical structure characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To improve the electrical conductivity of the phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin, PF/graphene and PF/graphene/C10[VImBr]2 composites were prepared via a melt blending and compression-curing

The incorporation of various nanofillers into the interfacial polymerization (IP) process is widely applied to prepare higher performance NF membranes. However, few studies have reported the influence of nanofillers on nanocomposite membrane formation in the IP process. Here, an optical microscope was employed to study the change rule in the 8-NH2-POSS/PSA nanocomposite membrane formation process due

The hydrolysis kinetics of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) was studied in ethanol/water mixed solvents in the temperature range of 339.15–355.15 K, and a three-step hypothesis was proposed to describe the hydrolysis process. The influences of stirring speed, ethanol content and temperature on the hydrolysis of PVB were investigated, and an induction period (IP) phenomenon was found in the process of PVB hydrolysis

Sodium-tungsten-manganese supported on silica (Na-W-Mn/SiO2) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are representative catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). In this work, the effect of the HAp doping in a Na-W-Mn/SiO2 catalysts on the OCM performance was studied. To enhance the ethylene selectivity of the Na-W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst, silica supports were coated with HAp containing hydroxyl and phosphate groups

The performance characteristics of moving-bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) have been analyzed both mathematically and experimentally. Both two phase operation (lactic acid synthesis from cheese-whey permeate) and three phase operation (Xanthan gum production) in both batch and continuous flow reactors have been studied. Mathematical simulation was performed considering the heterogeneous nature of the system

This study presents a technique for adsorption of paclitaxel on Sylopute using ultrasonic cavitation bubbles and gas bubbles. Compared with the conventional adsorption (control), the adsorbed amount and adsorption rate constant increased, respectively, by 1.27–1.44 times and 7.44–9.71 times in ultrasonic adsorption (with mixing at 80–250 W), 1.14–1.27 times and 4.63–9.31 times in ultrasonic adsorption

Useful correlations were derived for the prediction of available gas holdup data in air-water systems, using the operational and geometric parameters of airlift reactors only. To successfully consider the geometric difference between various types of airlift reactors, the characteristic distance (Dch) and the gas separation area (As) were defined as geometric parameters, respectively. The riser gas

A simple eco-friendly process is proposed to retrieve tin from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) as tin oxide nanostructured powders. The WPCBs were leached in disodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (Na2-EDTA) chelating agent comparing results with acid leaching. Parameters affecting the leaching process such as sample particle size, pH, temperature, time, liquid/solid ratio, and concentration

A series of experiments was conducted to study the effect of temperature and feed rate on physicochemical properties and yield of bio-oil. The experiments were performed in a helical screw fluidized bed reactor and about 150-gram palm shell (PS) was pyrolyzed in each run at 275 °C/min heating rate. The first set of experiments was conducted at temperature ranging from 400 to 650 °C without using any

The recovery of dimethylformamide (DMF) by pervaporation is less energy intensive and more economical than the traditional distillation method. High/pure silica zeolite is a typical organics perm-selective material for pervaporation membrane due to its hydrophobic nature, demonstrating great potential for recovering organic components from aqueous solutions. In this study, as an attempt to further

Removal of boron from water is a significant issue worldwide. Boron levels in waters containing high concentrations should be kept under control. Boron removal from the industrial wastewater released from Eti Mine Boron plants was investigated by using blend and hybrid membranes in a laboratory-scale pervaporation system. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Polyvinylidene fluoride blend membrane and Graphene oxi

Nano/micro silicon particles were achieved by high energy ball milling of silicon mesh powder as a cheap and scalable process and used to make porous silicon by acid etching. Subsequent dispersing of porous silicon with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide followed by filtration and heat treatment gives the composite of unified structures of NCNT@rGO protected porous silicon. The obtained

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) have excellent properties, such as high mechanical strength and good thermal conductivity, making them interesting nanofiller for their application in powder coatings. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal behavior and the curing kinetics of epoxy powder coatings containing GNP. The coatings were obtained by mixing in a ball mill followed by

In this research, corrosion inhibitors were synthesized using locally available biomass, alfalfa plant. The inhibitor performance was evaluated at different operating conditions and the effect of process variables, namely inhibitor concentration (1–5%v/v), operating temperature (308.15–328.15 K) and method of extraction (alcohol and aqueous) were studied. The corrosion rate of aluminum decreased with

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts as an effective bio-reducing reagent has attracted considerable attention. Fe/Cu nanocomposites synthesized by extracts of sweet potato leaves served to remove basic magenta (BM) from aqueous solution. The adsorption operation conditions of BM on Fe/Cu nanocomposites were optimum by Box-Behnken design (BBD) model of response surface methodology

Water-channels were generated into cellulose acetate (CA) via the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and water-assisted pressures. It was found that the PEG used as the plasticizer could enable pores in CA to be controlled. Since the PEG had a relatively small molecular weight, it easily penetrated into polymer chains and formed abundant free volumes in the CA, enabling the pore control. In addition