γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important fine chemical in pharmacotherapy and food industries, is used as a novel material in the nylon industry and has attracted attention for its potential application in large scale production. Search for new genes and strains, development of efficient reaction systems, such as fermentation and bioconversion, and use of cheap starting material like monosodium glutamate

The need for efficient remediation of the radioactive waste caused by undesirable nuclear accidents and overspending of radionuclides has gained worldwide attention, with extensive recent efforts made to protect the environment from radioactive contamination. Although various treatment processes for the removal of radionuclides and the purification of liquid waste have been reported, the development

Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is commonly used as a reagent to investigate DNA and RNA bonding in biochemistry. However, it is mutagenic and toxic; thus, its removal from the waste solution is of the top priority in lab safety practice. Although many products with high EtBr removal capacities are available on the market, developing new products with low material costs and high removal capacities is still

Functionalized graphene oxide (GO)/epoxy resin (EP) composite coating has attracted attention due to its advantages of epoxy resin in acid resistance, anticorrosion and having the characteristics of GO such as good chemical stability and strong electrolyte barrier properties. In this study, epoxypropyl functionalized graphene oxide (EFGO) was synthesized with a new strategy by grafting epichlorohydrin

As the need for fuel cell systems increases, much research is underway to replace platinum catalysts. Therefore, non-precious metal catalysts composed of inexpensive metal have attracted attention. Along with catalyst development, the importance of electrode development is emphasized. In this study, two manufacturing methods using a commercial non-Pt catalyst (FeNC) for cathode were adopted to investigate

A magnetic composite was synthesized using palm kernel shell-based activated carbon, graphene oxide (GO) and iron oxide. The morphology, textural properties, magnetic properties, crystal structure and functional groups of the composite were studied. The characterization shows the successful formation of the ternary composite with a high specific surface area (280.39 m2/g) and abundant surface functional

Metal/metal oxide nanostructures based reduced graphene oxide (LrGO-Ag, LrGO-Cu2O, LrGO-Ag-Cu2O) nanocomposites were obtained via green method using Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. lichen extract. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy

Accurate prediction of gas-solid flow hydrodynamics is key for the design, optimization, and scale-up of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with two-dimensional (2D) domain has been routinely used, considering the computational costs involved in three-dimensional (3D) simulations. This work evaluated the prediction capability of 2D and 3D gas-solid

Oilfield produced water is one of the vast amounts of wastewater that pollute the environment and cause serious problems. In this study, the produced water was treated in a microbial fuel cell (MFC), and response surface methodology and central composite design (RSM/CCD) were used as powerful tools to optimize the process. The results of two separate parameters of sulfonated poly ether ether ketone

Wet flue gas desulfurization was simulated to improve gypsum production using low-grade limestone. High-grade limestone with 94 wt% CaCO3 content is used for producing gypsum with 93 wt% purity, but owing to the resource depletion of high-grade limestone, low-grade limestone should be replaced as an alternative. However, low-grade limestone with CaCO3 purity of less than 94% contains impurities such

A simple colorimetric detection method for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in contaminated soil has been developed. Procedurally, a TNT responsive chromogenic reagent was inkjet printed on commercially available photo paper, and the resulting colorimetric ticket was laminated with a precut patterned film to make a bilayer microfluidic sensor. For the TNT detection experiments, a drop of TNT solution was

A novel three-dimensional CFD simulation of H2 gas permeation through dense palladium (Pd) membrane was developed. Due to discontinuity of flow in a membrane, usually, gas diffusion process is simulated by introducing source and sink terms. In a novel approach, an analogy between heat and mass transfer is considered. The most important advantage of this approach is that there is no need to define sink

Many design variables and constraints, such as operating temperature and pressure of existing batch distillation or operating temperature of existing cooling and heating media, must be verified and satisfied during design and optimization when an existing batch distillation column is utilized for new mixture. The convergence of batch distillation simulation is sensitive with the initial values of these

On account of the low heat dissipation problem of common cooling systems, an experimental system with enhanced structures was set to improve the heat transfer of heat sink cooled by semiconductor and TiO2-water nanofluids. The influences of structures (smooth surface, metal foam with PPI=30, cylindrical bulge (height: H=2 mm, staggered arrangement), cylindrical groove (depth: D=2mm, staggered arrangement))

Polysulfone (PSf) membrane by treated NMP solvents with water forces was studied for pore control and separation of sodium alginate. For the preparation of modified PSf membranes, it was exposed to specific solvents and then treated by water-forces. PSf membrane treated only with NMP could show the separation of sodium alginate above 6 bar since the pore-size was not proper for water transport. However

Ionic liquid modified Pebax 1657 thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were synthesized on different porous supports for improved separation of CO2 from CH4 and N2. XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA, DFT, and BJH tests were utilized for the characterization of TFC membranes and supports. The incorporation of 1,3-Di-n-butyl-2-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid into the Pebax 1657 solution led to better compatibility

8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) was used for modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and preparation of polyethersulfone (PES)-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) by phase inversion process. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The effect of

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)/silane-coupling-agent-treated GNPs (KH- GNPs) and hydroxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) were added as reinforcing agents to an epoxy matrix, diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), to improve the fracture toughness of DGEBA. The influence of the MWCNT-OH fraction on the thermal and flexural properties, fracture toughness, and morphology of the DGEBA/GNP/MWCNT-OH

Analytical solutions of transient concentration profile inside particles were calculated by solving rection-diffusion equation in spherical, cylindrical, and slab-type porous particles, assuming first order irreversible reaction. Time-dependent concentration in bulk fluid phase was assumed as exponential decay for each particle, and convective boundary conditions were taken using arbitrary Biot number

A novel adsorbent of modified nanoclay was synthesized by covering of alum on the montmorillonite nanoclay (Al/nanoclay). Al/nanoclay was applied as an efficient superadsorbent to remove Direct Red 23 (DR23) from colored wastewater. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The effects of various operating

MOF-based membranes, which have appropriate MOF dispersion and suitable interaction, have shown high CO2 permeability and significant CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity. In this study, a layer of Pebax was coated on polysulfone (PSF), which this layer incorporated by various content of Cu-MOFs to improve the performance (permeability and CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity) of all membranes. Characterization

Pyrolysis is a very potential sludge treatment technology that is low-cost and environmentally friendly; particularly, the pyrolysis sewage sludge char (SC) can be used as a catalyst support. To improve the NO conversion efficiency of sludge char based catalysts, they were activated by potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid, respectively. The catalysts of activated sludge char with or without Mn-Ce

Since graphene is a miracle material of the 21st century, a considerable number of researchers have studied the oxidation of graphite to synthesize graphene oxide and its applications. In this study, polymeric resin (amberlite XAD7HP) supported graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite was synthesized successfully. Analytical methods, namely Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction

This study modelled and optimized the oxidative desulfurization of gas condensate with ozone, as a gaseous oxidant. Experiments in this study were non-catalytic, and sulfone extraction was done by acetone. Response surface methodology was applied for the experimental design, mathematical modeling, and optimization using Design-Expert® software. The influence of effective variables and their interaction

Under the conditions of liquid phase inlet Re ranging from 9,836 to 56,206 and gas fraction a from 4.76% to 66.67%, gas-liquid two-phase bubbly flow was investigated in a static mixer with three twisted leaves (TKSM) with a diameter of 100 mm and an aspect ratio of 1.5. A high-speed camera Revealer-2F04M with a resolution of 1,920×1,080 pixels was used to capture the evolution of bubble groups at the

PES-based nanofiltration membranes were prepared by phase inversion method. Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a constant concentration and sodium citrate in different concentration were incorporated into the PES. The membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), EDX dot mapping and Atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis.

This paper proposes two-stage O3 oxidation combined with Ca(OH)2 for simultaneous removal of NOx and SO2 (NOx: Nitrogen oxides including NO, NO2 and N2O5). In two-stage oxidation, NO was first oxidized to NO2 in an oxidation tube, and NO2 was further oxidized into N2O5 in the spray tower. NOx and SO2 were simultaneously removed in the spray tower. This method can effectively reduce the extra waste

Microwave-assisted post-synthetic detemplating method was applied to remove successfully the occluded organic template from the mesoporous silica frameworks of as-synthesized SBA-15 within a short period of time compared to a conventional method, such as furnace calcination. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm studies showed that the resultant detemplated SBA-15 had a very high specific surface

The structure of a conical nozzle is critical to the gas induction of a venturi ejector. In this work, the effect of nozzle structure on the gas induction was investigated by means of multiphase CFD and validating experiments. Under different structures, the maximal gas induction was obtained through analyzing the nozzle outlet velocity (NOV), nozzle inlet velocity (NIV), as well as nozzle shrinking

Various fillers (commercial, nipa palm, sisal activated carbon, zeolite) were incorporated with regenerated cellulose matrix that dissolved using lithium chloride/N, N-dimethylacetamide solution. The biosorbent films were successfully prepared via solution casting and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA),

The typo in the acknowledged grant number needs to be corrected

In order to investigate interactions among biomass components on pyrolysis kinetics, pyrolysis experiments of individual components, synthetic biomass (designed by Design-Export software) and natural biomass (rice husk and corn straw) were conducted on a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results revealed that the pyrolysis behavior of cellulose is sharp, which is with low pyrolysis reaction order

This study explored the potential of In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst for direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Despite the excellent properties proven by density functional theory (DFT) studies, the experimental works on this catalyst are still very limited. In this study, In2O3/ZrO2 catalysts were synthesized via wetness impregnation (In2O3/ZrO2(WI)), citric acid-based sol-gel method (In2O3/ZrO2(SG)) and dep

Hydrogel particles containing drug crystals were investigated for the development of drug formulations with improved processability, bioavailability, and physical stability. However, crystal engineering inside hydrogel particles has been limited due to various difficulties involved in the preparation processes and their control. This study demonstrates the crosslinking of alginate granules and the

Co-based catalysts were developed for the production of high-calorie synthetic natural gas. The Co reduction in Al2O3- and SiO2-supported catalysts prepared with different Co loading, and their catalytic properties for high-calorie methanation were investigated. The CO conversion of the Co/SiO2 catalysts was superior to that of the Co/ Al2O3 with the same Co loading, due to their better reducibility

The single process CO2 capture-mineralization approach integrates methods of CO2 absorption using aqueous solvents and mineral carbonation technology to not only remove carbon dioxide quickly, but also to simultaneously produce precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). To develop a more sustainable process, it is important to extract calcium from inexpensive raw materials such as industrial by-products

Solution combustion synthesis is proposed to fabricate spongy ceria by using two different fuels for combustion: glycine and urea. As-prepared samples are labeled as SCOGl and SCOUr The acid-base properties of the cavities and surfaces of specimens are determined by measuring the pH of zero charges. Both SCOGl and SCOUr powders are decorated by the nanostructured Pd (NSPd) by the wetness incorporation

Mass transfer limitations and kinetics studies were performed for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over spherical 10wt% Fe-10wt% Co-0.5wt% Pt/79.5wt% γ-Al2O3 catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The external mass transfer limitation was checked by studying the effect of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and feed flow rate (at constant GHSV) on CO conversion. Theoretical and practical methods were applied to assess

Silica aerogel (SA) particle was synthesized and characterized. The effects of silica content in silicic acid solution and molar ratio of trimethyl chlorosilane (TMCS)/pore water on silica aerogel physical characteristics such as surface area, pore volume, apparent density, and porosity were investigated. We observed that when the silica content increased from 4 to 7% of weight (wt%), the silica aerogel

This work presents a simple method for the preparation of the Mg-doped nanocomposite copper silicates (Mgx-Cu1−x-SiO3) (x=0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.9) using coal gangue waste as the silicon source for CO2 capture at low temperature. The as-prepared Mgx-Cu1−x-SiO3 was systemically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction

Core-shell dry water (DW) has attracted significant attention as a promising candidate for future fire extinguishing agents, owing to its high water content, powdery structure and ease of handling. However, the lack of detailed information regarding the characteristics of DW has considerably hindered efforts to improve its fire extinguishing performance. This study is the first attempt to elucidate

With the advantages of one-dimensional hollow structure, high porosity and prominent mechanical strength, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been extensively utilized to improve conventional filtration membranes for oil/water separation. Their intrinsic hydrophobicity, however, adversely affects the anti-fouling performance of the SWCNT membrane. Herein, a super-hydrophilic and underwater

We evaluated the thermochemical properties and suitability of a variety of lignocellulosic biomass residues in Pakistan for energy production. Proximate, ultimate and calorific value analyses were performed to know the energy perspective, whereas thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the decomposition behavior of biomass samples under pyrolysis conditions. The moisture content, volatile matter

The present study employs an unexplored, one-step route for remediation of ciprofloxacin, an emerging contaminant, using hydrophobically modified ceramic membranes. Hydrophobic interaction between the membrane and the target contaminant, i.e., ciprofloxacin, is the governing factor responsible for its removal. The hydrophilic surface of hollow, single channel, macroporous clay-alumina membranes was

A simple, promising, environmentally friendly, and high yield technique to synthesize high specific surface area (SSA) and porous graphene-like materials from glucose precursor through carbonization and controlled chemical iron chloride (FeCl3) activation was demonstrated. Designing this nanoporous graphene-based adsorbent with high SSA, abundant micropore volume, tunable pore size distribution, and

This work addresses the conversion of wet microalgae to levulinic acid (LA) using a one-pot reaction system. Utilizing moisture in microalgae forms a biphasic system with an organic solvent of 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) is formed. This system enhances the LA yield by making an acidic environment through the decomposition of DCE in a small quantity and the recovery of products in each aqueous and organic

Using modified IEA-CFBC(International Energy Association-Circulating fluidized bed combustion) model, a 2 MWe oxy-fuel CFBC boiler is simulated and analyzed as a promising solution to reduce greenhouse gas emission from coal power plants. This study evaluated and compared the oxy-combustion characteristics of various coals. Also, the effects of CO2 concentration (71–79 vol%), bed temperature (850°C)

This study explored the effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blending during the pyrolysis of oil shale (OS). Dynamic pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis tests at heating rates in the range from 5 to 40 °C/min were carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) coupled to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) to determine the kinetic parameters of the process and for online detection

Simultaneous removal of dyes in the effluents of printing and dyeing industries is challenging, and the mechanism of the co-adsorption of dyes is still unclear. In this context, a novel adsorbent based on microcrystalline cellulose from cotton fiber through a simplified chemical modification process was prepared. Methylene blue (MB) and neutral red (NR) were selected to investigate their adsorption/co-adsorption

This study explored the direct esterification of palmitic acid and ethanol using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as catalyst to produce biodiesel. Three novel deep eutectic solvents (DTAC-PTSA, DTAC-2PTSA, DTAC-3PTSA) were successfully prepared by mixing dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) in a molar ratio of 1: z (z=1, 2, 3). After testing, DTAC-3PTSA

L-cysteine as an amino acid was used for the modification of glycidyl POSS in the synthesis of L-cysteine functionalized POSS, including carboxyl, hydroxyl, and diamine groups. Then, the synthesized nanoparticles were applied to fabrication of L-cysteine POSS-TiO2 composite nanoparticles. NF membranes were prepared from the incorporation of different concentrations of the synthesized composite nanoparticles

The incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into thin film composite forward osmosis (TFC FO) membranes is an effective method to alleviate internal concentration polarization (ICP) and enhance the flux performance of the FO membrane. In this paper, synthetic hydrophilic rod-like porous nano-hydroxyapatites (PNHAs) were doped into polysulfone (PSf) casting solution to form support layer by phase inversion;

The residue of herbaceous Prunella vulgaris stem (PVS) was evaluated as a potential adsorbent for dye removal, followed by fungal cultivation to achieve dye degradation on solid waste. PVS was analyzed in terms of nutritional composition such as fiber, ash, protein, and fat, which not only played a role in dye adsorption but also provided solid matrix for fungal growth. Five dyes, namely, crystal violet

A method for separating sodium alginate through polysulfone (PSf) support by dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) and hydraulic treatment was studied. After exposing the PSf support to DMAc solvent, water pressure was applied onto the polymer support. As a result, the sponge-type structures were connected to each other and the porosity of the modified PSf increased. In addition, the support pressurized for 3

Pinch analysis was applied to optimize the heat exchange network used in the moisture removal processes of energy plants. The moisture removal process absorbs moisture from natural gas using glycol as an absorbent, and the recycling process then separates moisture from the H2O-rich glycol in a regenerator column by applying the principle of vapor-liquid equilibria. For the dehydration process of a

A systematic study was carried out to electrodeposit Ni-Co alloy coatings from a complexing acidic glycine bath on copper substrates. The effects of [Co2+]/[Ni2+] ratio, gly concentration, pH, current density and temperature on the current efficiency, Co content in the coatings and on polarization behavior were investigated. It was found that the CCE of these baths has a wide range starting from 55%

Graphite exhibits electromagnetic wave attenuation and high electrical conductivity. In this study, we analyzed the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) performance and electric conductivity of composites fabricated by varying the size (mean size: 6–100 µm) of graphite fillers and explained resulting attributes through the relative permittivity and geometrical characteristics

Due to the low heat transfer efficiency of common heat exchange systems, an improved heat exchange system was developed. Enhanced tubes (elliptical tubes with a built-in turbulator) instead of a smooth tube were used and TiO2-water nanofluids were substituted for water to intensify the heat transfer. The influences of turbulator (presence or absence), axial ratios of elliptical tubes (Z=1.235, 1.471

Blue TiO2 nanostructures were produced via Lithium/ethylenediamine (Li/EDA) reduction method and applied for photo-oxidative removal of harmful NOx gases under simulated solar light irradiation. Blue TiO2 possesses some unique physicochemical properties such as enhanced visible-light absorption, superficial defects or oxygen vacancies, and the evolution of Ti3+ species. Moreover, the photoluminescence

Production of biofuel by microalgae can become economically viable if other high-value commercial products such as carotenoid are simultaneously produced. This study aimed at enhancement of lipid and carotenoid productivity by an oleaginous microalga sp. Desmodesmus subspicatus LC172266 by supplementing Nitrogen sources to BG 11 medium under batch or fed batch mixotrophic condition. Optimum urea supplement