Fe3O4-SiO2-NH2, Fe3O4-CTABSiO2-NH2 and Fe3O4-SiO2-CTABSiO2-NH2 magnetic adsorbents were successfully prepared and could be used effectively for the adsorption of Light Green from aqueous solutions. Unlike the first sample, mesoporous silica coatings were created using cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide micelles as molecular templates on superparamagnetic iron oxide in one sample, and on silica-coated iron

With the increasing concerns for environmental pollution, photocatalysts have been attracting attention due to their environmentally friendly characteristics, low cost, and simple processing. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been commonly used as a photocatalyst owing to its white pigment, excellent photocatalytic activity and low cost; however, its poor pollutant adsorption properties and high electron-hole

Model predictive control (MPC) is widely accepted as a generic multivariable controller with constraint handling. More recently, MPC has been extended to nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) in order to realize high-performance control of highly nonlinear processes. In particular, NMPC allows incorporation of detailed process models (validated by off-line analysis) and also integrates with on-line

Gardenia yellow pigment (GYP) loaded alginate beads were prepared by the ionic gelation technique, and the preparation parameters were optimized by response surface methodology for high encapsulation efficiency. The optimized parameters were alginate concentration of 3.3%, CaCl2 concentration of 2.4%, and GYP concentration of 3.2 mg/mL, under which the encapsulation efficiency was 73.61%. The surface

The MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 framework was effectively modified by 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid ((HO)2BDC) guest molecules to obtain (HO)2BDC-incorporated MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 adsorbent, namely (HO)2BDC@CrN. The CO2-temperature programmed-desorption (TPD) analysis indicated that the incorporation of (HO)2BDC into the MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 framework generated new OH sites besides unsaturated Cr- metal sites and NH2 sites

Planetary centrifugal bioreactors are promising candidates for cell culture platforms since there is no pollution caused by stirring blades. In this work, the fluid structure in a planetary centrifugal bioreactor was investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The effects of operating conditions on the oxygen transfer rate (OTR), mixing efficiency and shear environment of the

Separation of microparticles is of great importance in diagnostic, chemical, and biological analysis, as well as food processing and environmental assessments. In the present work, a novel microfluidic device is designed to focus microparticles based on inertial and magnetophoretic impacts. Three permanent magnets are mounted in the vicinity of the microchannel to separate the diamagnetic particles

To improve the dispersion of metals and to enhance the catalytic performance of SAPO-34 molecular sieves, the template-assisted method was applied to synthesize Co, Ni and Zn modified SAPO-34 molecular sieves by using palygorskite as silicon source and tetraethylammonium hydroxide as template. The metal modified SAPO-34 molecular sieves were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, N2-adsorption-desorption

Sulfonated pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel biochar (SPPBC) was developed via thermal activation with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to act as a promising biochar material for the adsorptive removal of toxic cationic dye namely methylene blue (MB) dye from contaminated water. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) and numerical desirability function were adopted to optimize the input adsorption variables (SPPBC dosage

The present research focuses on the adsorption efficiency of nano-magnetite loaded 2-mercapto- benzoxazole as an adsorbent (Fe3O4@SiO2@CPTMS@MBOL) for Pb+2, Ni+2 and Cd+2 removal from the contaminated water by the technique of adsorption. The influence of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature in 50 ppm concentration of each ion solutions on the sensitivity of the removal procedure was

It is imperative to know the energy content of the char to ascertain its application, which is environmentally friendly and efficient. In this context, the higher heating values (HHV) of the char resulting from the co-cracking of residual fuel oil (RFO) with various other waste plastics have been determined experimentally. Experimental results of the proximate and ultimate analysis of the char obtained

With different computational tools, simulations ranging from detailed and rigorous mathematical models to overall process plant of black box models can be carried out. Whereas most of these computational tools cannot practically execute different scales of models at the same time, it becomes relevant to devise strategies in coupling two or more of them for better analysis of processes. In this light

In photocatalysis, photons are absorbed by semiconductor materials and photogenerated electrons and holes migrate to the catalytic surface for desired reactions. Photocatalytic reduction and oxidation of organic molecules pose significant challenges and opportunities, with the surging demand for energy-efficient and carbon-neutral organic synthesis. In this review, we highlight the recent progress

Hydrogen use is dominated by industry, with most hydrogen demand mitigated using fossil fuels; therefore, there is an eminent potential for the reduction of emissions by replacing fossil-derived hydrogen with a renewable hydrogen source. Although the emission reduction by using renewable energy presents a promising potential, its fluctuating nature is still a challenge to be addressed. In this study

The synthesis of binary mixed oxide Ce-Hf (CH), ternary mixed oxide Ce-Hf-Ru (CHR), and Ce-Hf-Mg (CHM) has been attempted using the PVP-assisted sol-gel method. The structural and surface morphology of the prepared catalysts were investigated and studied for the generation of superoxides (O 2−2 )/peroxides (O 2−2 ) species and availability of lattice oxygen (O−) during soot oxidation reactions. The

Surfactant is one of the most important chemical entities in drug formulation which can bind with drug molecules. Herein, the binding interaction of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFH) drug with two different surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 (TX-100)) has been investigated through UV-Visible spectroscopic and cloud point measurement techniques at different conditions. The absorption

Endothermic decomposition reaction of methylcyclohexane (MCH) was conducted to solve problems of hypersonic flight as cooling technology. A wavy form microchannel reactor (WMCR) coated with H-ZSM-5 was used to improve this reaction. WMCR coated with H-ZSM-5 was simply prepared by using binder coating method. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)

Landfill leachate is classified as special wastewater because it contains a large amount of hazardous materials that can lead to the pollution of surface water, generating polluted water with landfill leachate (PWLL) with high organic load. This study investigated the treatment of PWLL by peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/O3/UV process. The effects of several operating parameters such as pH, reaction time, O3

Recent environmental problems caused by petroleum-based production of chemicals have accelerated the development of biorefineries for bio-based production of chemicals. Non-pathogenic microorganism, Corynebacterium glutamicum, has extensively been engineered and used as an industrial platform host strain for the commercial production of amino acids, such as l-lysine and L-glutamate. However, only recently

Sugarcane molasses was examined for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-lactate) [P(3HB-co-LA)] in recombinant Ralstonia eutropha strains expressing Mannheimia succiniciproducens sacC gene encoding β-fructofuranosidase, which can hydrolyze sucrose into glucose and fructose in the culture medium. When crude sugarcane molasses was added to the culture medium

We studied the thixotropic-hydrodynamic interaction of particles resulting from a combination of external flow conditions and intrinsic thixotropy of a fluid. As a model system, a low Reynolds number Moore thixotropic fluid flow around two sequentially aligned sphere was simulated using the standard Galerkin finite element method. The drag coefficients of each sphere were used to quantitively characterize

Nanocomposite membranes were prepared using Pebax 1657, glycerol triacetate (GTA), and alumina nanotubes (ANTs) by solution casting method. Hydrothermally synthesized ANTs were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD, and additional analysis of FESEM and DSC was also performed on the prepared membranes. ANTs loadings and employed solvent type, dimethylformamide (DMF) or ethanol/water mixture, impacts

With the increasing concern about climate change, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal protocol requires parties to gradually reduce high global warming potential (GWP) hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) use by 80–85% by the late 2040s. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and EU Directive 517/2014 are also setting the ban on the use of such refrigerants. R134a, as a high GWP (GWP100:1300) HFC refrigerant

This study investigated the effect of multiple impeller designs and configurations on the Sauter mean diameter and the uniformity of droplet size in a 100 L scale stirred tank. By using a borescope installed inside the tank, droplet images of a highly turbid liquid-liquid system were captured even at high impeller speeds, and by adjusting the borescope position, it could be observed how the droplet

A series of Rh-Sn/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by 0.5 wt% of Rh and varied amounts of Sn from 0 to 3.0 wt%. Rh-Sn catalysts were evaluated to determine if selective hydrogen combustion(SHC) can be effectively applicable to propane dehydrogenation (PDH). PDH is an endothermic reaction and SHC can generate partial heat energy. In this study, two separate SHC reactions were examined. One was to look

Layered double hydroxides are traditional positively charged inorganic materials generally considered as efficient and low-cost adsorbents for the removal of anionic organic molecules. In this study, we prepared a series of g-C3N4@NiCo LDH composites by loading 10–30 wt% of g-C3N4 onto the LDH through the electrostatic self-assembly method. The bare LDH and g-C3N4 loaded LDH composites were characterized

CO2 hydrogenation activity of nickel-magnesium-aluminum mixed oxide catalysts was investigated. As Ni concentration increased, CO2 conversion increased due to the increased active metal content and suppression of NiAl2O4 formation. Calcination temperature was found to affect the textural properties of catalysts and to decrease surface area and pore volume significantly. Therefore, catalysts calcined

During catalytic pyrolysis of HFC-134a over γ-alumina, the formation of HF and coke causes catalyst deactivation. Catalyst deactivation and product selectivity depend on the contact time during catalytic pyrolysis of HFC-134a as reported in this paper. γ-Alumina calcined at 650 oC was used as the catalyst due to its higher quantity of acidic sites and larger surface area, which are crucial for catalytic

CoMoS2/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by adding citric acid (CA) were synthesized and applied tor hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of fluid-catalytic cracking decant-oils (FCC-DO). The HDS of FCC-DO was carried out in an autoclave batch reactor at 653 K and 9.4 MPa H2. The structural properties of the catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS), and transmission

Bio-aviation fuel to satisfy ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) specification was prepared through the stable operation of bio-aviation fuel manufacturing facility scale-expanded up to the production of bio-aviation fuel for turbine engine test. First, powder-typed 1.0 wt% Pt/Al2O3 and 0.5 wt% Pt/zeolite catalysts, respectively applicable to the hydrotreating and upgrading processes

Operation at mild conditions is essential for electrochemical processes enough to replace the Haber-Bosch process. Current electrochemical methods mainly rely on the synthesis of novel electro-catalysts before the operation of an electrochemical system, which burdens with extra cost, time, and the use of toxic non-green organic solvents. In this study, the zero-valent iron(Fe0)-mediated synthesis of

The emerging H2 economy faces storage and transport challenges, and the use of ammonia (NH3) as a COx-free source of H2 via NH3 decomposition has recently attracted attention. Noble Ru-based catalysts are considered the best choice for highly efficient NH3 decomposition; however, their high cost and limited availability are disadvantages in large-scale applications. Otherwise, among non-noble metal-based

Mesoporous ferrierite zeolite (FER) synthesized by a post-desilication method was applied for a gas-phase dimethyl ether (DME) carbonylation to confirm the contributions of the newly formed mesoporous structures above 10 nm in size. The distribution of surface acidic sites and extent of coke deposition was significantly altered, resulting in showing different catalytic activity and stability, which

The control of acidic properties in a catalyst is one of the key features of technology utilizing biomass for chemical production. In this study, the Brönsted and Lewis bi-acidic SnAl-beta zeolites with controllable acidity were successfully prepared by acid dealumination and isomorphic substitution of Al by Sn, and applied for the cascade conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). The

To investigate the role of vanadium oxide supported on mesoporous silica (VOx/m-SiO2) catalysts in methane oxidation to formaldehyde, various catalysts were prepared. The type of m-SiO2 (SBA-15 and MCF-17), vanadium loading (1, 3, and 5%), and preparation method (wet impregnation; WI and dry impregnation; DI) were changed to produce VOx/m-SiO2 with different vanadium species. Because of the larger

The location and distribution of aluminum in zeolites is considered important in determining various properties, such as acidity and reactivity. Controlling the placement of aluminum substitution has therefore been of significant interest, and a number of studies have been conducted, including synthesis methods using either different organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) or cationic species, and

The selective sono/photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in a mixture of methylene blue (MB) by synthesized ZnO/Al2O3 nanocomposites via ultrasound-assisted sol-gel method was studied. The synthesized samples were analyzed by XRD, TEM, EDX, BET, FTIR, UV-vis and Zeta potential analysis. The results showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were hexagonal wurtzite structures that changed to a flake-like

Untreated and sulfonated biomass-derived amorphous carbons were prepared by the pyrolysis of D-glucose at different temperatures, followed by sulfonation. Not only the surface functional group concentration but also the structure of polyaromatic carbon sheets was significantly affected by the carbonization temperature and sulfonation. More importantly, the carbonization temperature played a crucial

In this work, the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of iron-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (FDT) supported on environmentally benign activated carbon (PAC) has been discussed. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite was investigated for the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solution under visible light (520 nm), and it was observed that 100% degradation

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable and sustainable carbon source with great potential for the synthesis of biofuels. In this study fibrous nano-silica (FNS) supported heteropoly acid-functionalized ionic liquid (FNS-ILHPW) catalyst was synthesized for the cross-condensation reaction of 2-MF and 5-MF to produce C16 fuel precursor. 2-MF and 5-MF were utilized in a stoichiometric ratio

A strategy involving CoOx catalyst adsorption and acid treatment for modifying the surface properties of Zr-doped hematite nanocoral (NC) photoanodes has been proposed. Acid-treated Zr-Fe2O3 NCs exhibited a reduced electrode/electrolyte interface resistance and improved surface charge-injection efficiency. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed an increased number of hydroxy groups and the

A modular approach was applied for the synthesis of bienzyme-polymer nanoconjugates (nano-BECs) (50–70 nm) consisting of two enzymes (carbonyl reductase and glucose dehydrogenase) conjugated within a single universal polymer scaffold. The amount of the product ethyl (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrate (R-HPBE) with nano-BECs as the catalyst was 533 mM in a dibutyl phthalate-phosphate buffer (dibutyl phthalate-PB)

The separation and recovery of fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) is of great significance for various industries. Crystallization is a well-suited separation process for fatty acid mixtures which may be evolved by the understanding of solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE). The SLE and kinematic viscosity (v) at (T=298.15–318.15 K) and (P=0.1 mPa) for binary mixture of FAAE: methyl decanoate (1)+ethyl decanoate

Two samples of multi-layered depth filter media and single layers were prepared for this study. Filtration performance of these samples was evaluated using lab scale test unit with KCl as test aerosol. Filter media samples were composed of three layers, two of them of meltblown fiber layers and one of thermal-bonded microfiber layer. A commercial filter media was used as reference sample to compare

Lithium-ion conductivity is one of the critical factors in improving the rate capability of LiFePO4 in lithium-ion batteries. The one-dimensional diffusion pathway of lithium ions slows the charging/discharging rates in the olivine structure of LiFePO4. Herein, ultrathin LiFePO4 nanosheets were synthesized using surface-passivating ligands to address the rate capability issue. The thickness direction

Enantiopure esomeprazole is an important drug in the treatment of gastric ulcer. The asymmetric sulfoxidation of omeprazole thioether was catalyzed by immobilized cells of a mutant of Rhodococcus rhodocrous ATCC 4276 to synthesize esomeprazole. The bioreaction was carried out in a biphasic system (chloroform-water), at a high substrate concentration (200 mM), and optimized using response surface methodology

In recent years, a temperature-sensitive hydrogel was reported as a promising draw agent in forward osmosis (FO) technology. PEG, acts as porogen, as an enabler to improve the swelling property of hydrogels. From FO test, the addition of porogen to the hydrogel can improve the water flux of FO by increasing the swelling properties of the hydrogel. And the hydrogel modified with porogen improves the

Algal biomass was converted into 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in five chemical steps: conversion to 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (5-CMF), ammoniation, ring-opening (photo-oxidation), reduction, and hydrolyzation. Among them, we mainly focused on the 5-CMF production and the following ammoniation. To our knowledge, the mixed solvent catalytic system of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and low concentration

High surface area powders, La0.9Sr0.1CoO3 (LSCO), were prepared by a hard template method with a template of SBA-15. In the preparation process, the solvent was ethanol, the mixture of ethanol and water, and water, respectively. Characterizations were performed to understand the properties of the catalysts. When the solvent is a mixture of ethanol and water, the prepared LSCO has the most easily extracted

Chitosan functionalized (CoFe2O4−CuO) composite nanoparticles were synthesized and then used in fabrication of PES-based nanofiltration membranes. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for the characterization of synthesized nanoparticles. The fabricated membranes were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy, 3D surface images

Experiments of hydrodynamic and gas liquid mass transfer were carried out in a bubble column of 19.4 cm internal diameter and of 4 m height. The liquid phase can be either tap water or a coalescence inhibitor system, using aqueous solutions of three alcohols (ethanol, 2-propanol and 1-butanol) with a volumetric concentration of 0.05% v/v and sodium dodecyl sulfate: SDS (10−3 mol/L) as an anionic surfactant

This article presents the approximate solution of non-linear dynamic energy model of multiple effect evaporator (MEE) using Fourier series and metaheuristics. The dynamic model of MEE involves first-order simultaneous ordinary differential equations (SODEs). Prior to solving the dynamic model, the non-linear steady-state model is solved to obtain the optimum steady-state process parameters. These process

The membrane contactor has been considered an effective device to capture CO2, but its performance is limited by membrane wetting phenomena. In this work, the ZIF-8/ZIF-L (zeolitic imidazolate framework) based composite membrane with excellent hydrophobic stability and CO2 permeability was successfully fabricated by coating the dense layer on the porous PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) substrate. The

Single atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted great attention as promising catalysts that integrate the benefits of both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. SACs exhibit unique properties that are otherwise difficult to achieve, such as high atom utilization efficiency, unprecedentedly high catalytic activity and selectivity. However, it still remains a great challenge to prepare stable SACs without

Lithium phosphate (Li3PO4) is a well-known solid electrolyte for lithium-ions. In this study, we analyzed the effects of Li3PO4 coating on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM), a nickel-rich cathode. In particular, the coated materials exhibited enhanced cycle stability at high voltages and possessed superior rate capability. Among the cathodes with different coating levels

Pure tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles (NPs) and WO3/copper tungstate (CuWO4) nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared by varying copper content from (5–20 wt%) via the co-precipitation process. XRD results reveal that the structural parameters of WO3/CuWO4 NCs have been strongly affected via Cu doping. Morphology of synthesized WO3 was noticed to be distinct and particle size was significantly reduced

With LPG automobile deregulation in 2019, the demand for LPG automobiles has increased in Korea; therefore, a comparison of the eco-friendliness of LPG and other petroleum-based vehicles has become necessary. We conducted a well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis of diesel and LPG fuel in Korea. GREET, PRELIM, and GHGenius models were utilized to calculate and appropriately allocate the energy use and greenhouse

Renewable biomass-derived chemicals have received considerable interest as a potential substitute for petroleum-derived chemicals. Hexamethylenediamine is a key intermediate in manufacturing nylon 66, a synthetic polymer that is broadly used in society. This article reviews the catalytic production of hexamethylenediamine from biomass-derived chemical feedstocks, and specifically the bio-based routes

This study aimed at the synthesis of heterogeneous acid catalysts by incorporating 12 tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) over mesoporous silica support KIT-6 via impregnation and sol-gel methods to improve the catalytic efficiency of the esterification reaction. The catalytic activity of the KIT-6 supported catalysts was investigated for esterification of oleic acid in the presence of MeOH. Synthesized catalysts

The catalytic activity for dehydrogenation of C2H6 and successive CO2 activation was studied by using hierarchically-structured bimetallic FeM/ZSM-5 (M=Ce, Ga, and Sn metal) to verify the redox property of the Fe nanoparticles and metal promoters on the acidic ZSM-5. Based on the surface characteristics, the reducibility and oxygen vacant sites of metal oxides on the ZSM-5 largely altered the reduction-oxidation