Abstract In this work, numerical simulations of both dry and wet granular flows inside a vertical cylindrical mixer were performed using discrete element method (DEM). Two different cases were considered by using four-bladed and two-bladed mixer setups. Effects of blade rake angle, blade rotational speed and number of blades on mixing characteristics for both dry and wet flows were examined under different

Abstract The pea protein isolate (PPI) is characterized as a cohesive powder with crack and channeling formation during its fluidization. This work aimed to evaluate the fluid dynamic behavior of PPI during the agglomeration process and produce an instant product. The process was carried out in a pulsed fluidized bed and water was used as a liquid binder. The fluid dynamic behavior at four levels of

Reactive metal/metal-oxide based nanoenergetic materials find tremendous applications in propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. This paper reports on the synthesis of CuO nanobricks (CuOnb) using simple and rapid solid-state methods and investigation of the combustion reactivity (combustion propagation speed, peak pressure and pressurization rate) of as-synthesized copper oxide nanobricks with

Potential effect of the proportionality between Aerosil®R812S over the water on the formation of water entrapped self-assembly core-shell structure is the main aim of this studies. Self-assembly hydrophobic silica particle (SAHS) containing water was fabricated by abruptly incorporation of water into R812S. Five different weight percent of R812S were investigated in terms of the ability to form SAHS

An empirical equation was obtained to estimate the concentration distribution in a horizontal helical double-ribbon mixer for cohesive food powders for different load ratios, f, and rotational speeds, N. The mixing times were determined for f = 0.56, 0.61, 0.66 and N = 50, 75, 100 rpm. The highest mixing rate coefficient and lowest mixing time were obtained for an impeller speed of 100 rpm and a load

This work investigates the influence of fuel injection events on the nanoparticle emission characteristics of light-duty gasoline-diesel RCCI engine. The formation of nanoparticle emissions strongly depends on fuel injection events. The present study experimentally investigates the influence of diesel injection pressure, injection timing, and port-injected gasoline mass on the nanoparticles emitted

External cost or negative externality is a cost that a transaction or activity imposes on a party that is not part of the transaction or activity. In the present work, an attempt is made to calculate the external cost per unit of electricity generation from coal-based power plants in India due to the emissions of SO2, CO2, NOx and Particulate Matter. Purchasing Power Parity and population density correction

To improve the efficiency of submicron-scale dust coagulation and removal further, a method for the magnetoelectric coagulation of submicron dust is proposed for the first time. When positively and negatively charged particles enter a compound field composed of magnetic field and direct current (DC) electric field at a certain speed (under the combined action of the Lorentz force and electric field

Multi-gravity separator (MGS) is a very effective separator for very fine-sized minerals. In this study, for the first time in the literature, the concentrability of a typical barite plant fines (tailing) was investigated by using an MGS. For this purpose, the effects of different operating parameters such as the solids ratio of feed pulp, the rotational drum speed, the wash water flow rate, and the

This article suggests an approximate analytical solution for the characteristic time for the mass removal of fine particles due to coagulation scavenging by coarse particles. The characteristic scavenging time is expressed as a function of the mass concentration of coarse particles as well as the mass median diameters (MMDs) and geometric standard deviations of fine and coarse particles. The log-normal

A wide variety of coating methods and materials are available for different applications while the common purpose of all of them is protecting a part or structure exposed to mechanical or chemical damage. Decreased manufacturing cost is another important advantage of having a coating layer on substrate materials when there is a need for a high-performance and expensive material on the exposed surfaces

Particle migration and trajectory patterns in a confined simple shear-flow of Giesekus viscoelastic fluid are studied numerically using the direct forcing/fictitious domain method with Reynolds number, Re, from 0.1 to 50, Weissenberg number, Wi, from 0.1 to 1.0, and ratio of solvent viscosity to total viscosity at 0.3. The method is validated by comparing the present results with previous numerical

The heat transfer fluid's thermal properties are a significant topic of current research. In this study, coal fly ash nanoparticles of 14 nm average diameter were dispersed in water to prepare stable nanofluid in the concentration range of 0.1–0.5% volume concentration. The nanofluid was stabilized and uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic homogenizer with the addition of Triton–X 100 surfactant

Nanolubricants are nano fluid, colloidal nanoparticle suspension, which are specially used for machine lubrication of the engine. Nanolubricants exhibit special tribological properties that have potential applications in mainly automotive industries. Performance of an engine is a function of the lubricant being used. A study of rheological behaviors of nanolubricants has been beneficial in understanding

As an efficient and environmentally friendly method of delivering solid particles, the transport of liquid–solid slurry through a pipeline has attracted considerable attention. However, the flow characteristics of the slurry in large-diameter pipes, especially multi-sized slurry, are far from fully understood. In this study, an Eulerian multiphase model is applied to investigate single- and multi-sized

Simulation of non-circular particles movement in the power-law fluid has not been considered in detail because of the challenges existing in the identification of particles. Accordingly, the present work has numerically considered the elliptical particles sedimentation in a two-dimensional box filled with the power-law fluid by using the improved smoothed profile-lattice Boltzmann method (iSPM-LBM)

The aim of present work was to improve physicochemical properties of model drug Chlorzoxazone by crystallo-co-agglomeration (CCA) in the presence of different polymers and excipients. Identification of Quality Target Product Profile and Critical Quality Attributes were done using Risk assessment and Failure mode effect analysis. CCA was formulated by applying Box–Behnken design followed by principal

Interaction between relative humidity (RH) and hygroscopic particles significantly affects the filtration performance of electret media. To investigate the interaction effect between RH and hygroscopic particles on the loading characteristics, electret media were loaded with potassium chloride (KCl) at ∼30% and ∼75% RH, respectively. Then, to study the effect of RH change on the filtration performance

The depletion of high-grade ores has forced the utilization of low-grade ores. The small liberation sizes in the low-grade ores require fine grinding which is an energy intensive operation. In the present study, low-grade chromite ore bearing platinum group of elements (PGE) was used as an experimental material. The previous study concluded the liberation size of around 1–50 µm for chromite ore bearing

The aim of this paper is to carry out an experimental analysis of a triboelectrostatic separation device constituted of two “back-and-forth” moving horizontal plate electrodes supplied by two high-voltage DC supplies of opposite polarities. The experiments were performed using samples of micronized white pure virgin PolyVinyl Chloride particles (WPVC) and gray PolyVinyl Chloride particles (GPVC) of

This work aimed to explore optimal conditions for keratose (KR), collagen (CL), and KR/CL blend microparticles preparation using a water-in-oil emulsion solvent diffusion method. The protein solution was used as the water phase (W) and ethyl acetate was used as the oil phase (O). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that most of the KR microparticles were hollow, with a rough and dented

The primary objective in sampling is to acquire the smallest sample as a reliable estimate of a particle population. This study aims to assess the threshold (minimum) sample sizes for reliable estimation of particle size distributions. For that purpose, samples were simulated from particle populations artificially generated from the Gates-Gaudin-Schumann model. Then, two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov and

An experimental fluid-dynamic study of sand-forest biomass mixture fluidization was conducted. Different proportions of biomass/sand were tested. Sawdust from the Abra Ancha sawmill, located in the town of Aluminé, Argentina, was adopted as the forest biomass material. In parallel, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the fluidization process of these mixtures were performed to obtain

The current study was designed for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Origanum onites extract and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. Origanum onites was extracted with hexane and methanol sequentially and methanol extract was used for synthesis of the AgNPs. The structure of silver nanoparticles was elucidated by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. Antioxidant activity of

This paper presents a thermodynamic model for predicting the cooling performance of a single-bed single-stage silica gel/methanol adsorption refrigeration system. Solar heat was collected through flat plate collectors and then stored in a hot water tank. Desorber bed was heated by the hot water from the hot water tank. The temperature of the desorber bed was varied from 65 °C to 85 °C, and its effect

Palladium has long been used as a hydrogen sponge because of its ability to store hydrogen under ambient conditions (room temperature and 1 bar pressure). However, Pd suffers from a low storage capacity. The current investigation pertains to the enhancement in the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of Pd, by using hollow sphere geometry. Additional storage is achieved in molecular form; thus utilizing

In this paper, a three-dimensional turbulent gas flow with solid particles was numerically simulated to optimize the performance of a cyclone preheater. The numerical approach for the flow development was based on unsteady simulations using the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). The Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was used for the dispersion of particles due to turbulence in the fluid phase. The size of raw material

Spouted beds are extensively used in different industries. The minimum spouting velocity is a critical hydrodynamic parameter needed for the design and scale-up of these systems. This study deals with an ensemble method involving Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) network, the Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and a Regression Tree (RT) model for predicting

The present study was aimed to characterize the adsorptive properties of spent commercial activated carbon (SAC) and its regenerated derivatives (Pyro-RAC and CO2-RAC) for the decolourization of methylene blue dye. The materials were characterized for textural properties, thermal gravimetric profile and functional groups. Batch adsorption was evaluated at different concentrations of dye and contact

The main objective of this study is to calibrate Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) input parameters for Vietnamese DT84 variety soybeans. For this purpose, the shape of the soybeans was firstly analyzed through digital images (captured by an imaging platform), which enabled the deviation of the shape of particles compared to a sphere through shape indicators to be quantified. Secondly, the physical characteristics

Mechanisms governing the gasification to combustion regime transition in counter-current packed bed biomass systems are investigated in the current work. Single-particle experiments are performed with different oxidizer streams (air, mixtures of O2/CO2) to bring out the role of the extinction of the envelope non-premixed “volatiles” flame and simultaneous volatile-char combustion at the stagnation

The effect of alternating magnetic field on the pressure drop inside a fixed bed with different types of packing is experimentally investigated. The bed was packed with three different masses of iron(III)oxide powder as a loosely packed, tightly packed and an over tightly packed bed system. A Helmholtz coil was used to apply an AC magnetic field (60 Hz) and the pressure drop measurements were made

Separation and characterization studies were carried out on end-of-life mobile printed circuit boards (EoL Mobile PCBs). The raw material has been subjected to a hammer mill to reduce the particle size. A series of comminution experiments were conducted to produce different size particles, which indicates that a number of crushing stages are needed to generate finer products. Comminution products consist

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image processing is implemented in the spatial distribution analysis of iron-platinum based nanoparticles, drop-casting on diethylene glycol (DEG). Before the redispersion in hexane with surfactant additions, these magnetic particles aggregate in the nanosuspension after a prolonged storage. The precise analysis of aggregations by conventional methods is not possible

The main purpose of this study is to obtain the biogenic silica nanoparticles from selected types of plants and thorough characterization. Plants create SiO2 nanoparticles while growing from the colloidal solution of orthosilicic acid contained in the soil. Together with acid, they absorb additional ions that are essential for their growth, which was found using SEM and EDX analysis. The organic part

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of using electric field forces for the recovery of copper from a fine PVC/Cu granular mixture of low metal content (less than 15%), obtained as “PVC fraction” in the recycling process of electric cable waste from automotive industry, using vibrating table technology. Electrostatic separation of copper granules which are “impurities” in the PVC

This work deals with the creation of a mathematical model which will predict with sufficient accuracy the size of granules in the high-shear granulation process. The aim of the paper was to create a model created with dimensionless criteria to give the size of granules as a function of selected process parameters, equipment, and experimental material. Microcrystalline cellulose granules were manufactured

Developed fractures are important storage space and permeable channel in hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, they will lead to drill-in fluid loss and induce severe formation damage. Fracture plugging with granular lost circulation material (LCM) is most commonly used to control drill-in fluid loss. To our best knowledge, traditional research about LCM bridging mainly performed by the trial-and-error

Developing a facile and green approach to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with high catalytic activities for the reduction of toxic nitrophenols to beneficial aminophenols is of tremendous environmental and industrial relevance. The present study reports an environmentally benign synthesis of AuNPs using aqueous extract of seaweed Lobophora variegata as a potential bioreductant. The signatory

The linear-slider-dashpot (LSD) soft sphere model is used extensively to model particle collisions in dense particle systems. The contact mechanics in the normal and tangential directions are modeled by a spring, damper, and dashpot system. The current work evaluates different existing tangential direction implementations of the LSD model. The existing models require storing the cumulative tangential

This study reports the effect of La2O3 addition on the microstructural and some mechanical properties of the W-Ni-WB composites. Composites having the compositions of W – 1 wt% Ni – 2 wt% WB and W – 1 wt% Ni – 2 wt% WB – x wt% La2O3 (x = 0.5 and 1) were fabricated by mechanical alloying (MA) and activated sintering methods. Phase and microstructural characterizations of the mechanical alloyed powders

Nonionic nano-micro latex was prepared via emulsion polymerization with styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA) and polyethylene methyl ether methacrylate (MAPEME). The structure of latex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Particle size tester was employed to detect the size distribution and 20% volume of latex was attributed to nano-scale. Gel permeation chromatography

The polydopamine modified with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA) was prepared and used for Pb2+ removal from aqueous liquids. The resulted Fe3O4@PDA nanocomposite was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optimized Pb2+ ions adsorption process was studied by response

Due to the serious environmental problem, dry coal separation has become the hot research topic in the world. In the study, an air dense fluidized bed was used for reduction of ash content and mercury rejection with shallow bed heights. The results showed that pressure drop fluctuation was smallest when bed height was 100 mm. When fluidized gas velocity was 1.50 Umf, the ash content decreased to 9

In-depth water flooding profile modification is a new problem for low permeability formation under fracturing. Profile control study for in-depth cross flow which couples fracture and matrix is neither comprehensive nor complete at present. Artificial hydraulic fracturing core is manufactured to conduct core flood experiment. In-depth profile modification mechanisms of gel-nitrogen-foam are revealed

In this study, a coupling rule based on Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), Immersed Boundary Method (IBM), and Discrete Element Method (DEM) was developed to simulate settling of particles in Newtonian liquid. The direct forcing IB-LBM, which was enhanced by the split-forcing technique, was utilized to account for fluid/solid interactions. Dynamic behavior of particles during collisions was evaluated

The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used to simulate the mixing and discharging processes of binary particles in a laboratory truck mixer. The contact parameters in the DEM model are calibrated by experiments and then used to simulate the particle mixing and discharging processes in truck mixer under seven groups of operation parameters. Numerical results show good agreements with the experimental

An Eulerian–Eulerian model coupled with a population balance model (PBM) is adopted to investigate the growth process of polysilicon particles in a polysilicon fluidized bed reactor. A novel particle growth model, considering the effect of interphase velocity difference, is proposed and incorporated into PBM. The interphase mass transfer rate and particle growth rate are obtained based on the modified

The urea-nitrate combustion and homogeneous precipitation methods have been comparatively examined for the preparation of CuO/CeO2/ZrO2/Al2O3 catalysts. Their physicochemical properties, as well as their hydrogen production ability via the steam reforming of methanol, have been studied. Prepared catalysts were characterized using XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET, and FTIR analyses. Characterization analyses and

Coal preparation plants commonly use density-based separators to remove high-density inorganic matter (rock) from low-density carbonaceous matter (coal). Liquid–solid fluidized bed separators (FBS), segregates particles with different size, shape, and density. Particles with different terminal velocities report to various heights of the fluidization column. This property has been used to beneficiate

The basic objective of research work was to develop, optimize and evaluate MBZ loaded NLCs to overcome the issues of poor solubility and bioavailability of the drug. The nanoformulation was prepared by melt-emulsification ultrasonication technique and optimizes the formulation parameters by Box–Behnken design. The optimized MBZ loaded NLCs were evaluated for its particle size, drug content and encapsulation

NiCuZn ferrite nanoparticles having the chemical composition Ni0.5Cu0.1Zn0.4Fe2O4 were synthesized by the microwave direct denitration (MDD) method from a mixture of metal nitrate hydrate solutions. A single-phase of NiCuZn ferrite powder with an average particle diameter of about 30 nm could be obtained using this method at reaction temperatures higher than 900 °C. This diameter was less than one-fifth

Chitosan synthesized from the Pessu river crab shell was screened to coarse (CC, 600 µm), medium (MC, 300 µm) and fine (FC, 150 µm) aggregate for phenol removal. The aggregates were characterized for surface chemistry, surface morphology, thermal behavior, and surface texture. The surface chemistry showed the characteristics primary and secondary amine/amide groups of chitosan. The values of specific

Cold flow hydrodynamic study of a full loop, three-dimensional internally circulating dual fluidized bed (ICDFB) for coal gasification has been carried out using a Eulerian–Eulerian approach. The ICDFB system consists of a central riser and an annular bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) placed concentrically and interconnected by a solids separator and a loop seal. The compact design and simple geometric

Links between flow properties and formulation of powders of 100 and 500 µm mean particle sizes were investigated. To determine the influence of surface treatment, the flow properties of glass beads were analyzed after various surface treatments leading to hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and lactose-coated surfaces. Furthermore, to investigate the influence of powder core composition, agglomerated lactose

(2020). Correction. Particulate Science and Technology. Ahead of Print.

Magnetic separation, dense media suspension fluidization techniques are tested for dry beneficiation of iron ore fines presently and found to have limitations. In the present study, the potential of shallow bed air fluidized separator (SBAFS), which does not have any suspension media and has high throughput is investigated for iron ore fines beneficiation. A set of experiments was designed by response

In most tropical countries where sugarcane is grown at a commercial scale, there are substantial quantities of sugarcane bagasse ash rich in amorphous silica. A simple, low-cost chemical method for the extraction of pure silica from the boiler collected ash is of importance. In this study, sol–gel coupled with adsorption using activated carbon was used to extract high-purity amorphous silica from sugarcane

Magnesium/Teflon/Viton or MTV based pyrotechnic composition has been the most preferred composition for decoy flares against conventional heat-seeking missiles for more than four decades. MTV flares of standard configurations are available globally but the details of their manufacturing process including compacting pressure and compressive strength of the flare pellets have not been explicitly defined

Packed beds with diverging geometry find applications in packed bed reactors and converging geometry are used in the ethanol fermentation process. Experimental studies are conducted on pressure drop characteristics of converging and diverging packed beds with spheres of same diameter, spheres of different diameters, cylindrical inserts and mixing of spherical and cylindrical particles. The packing