The biocidal efficiency of electrochemically activated solutions (ECAS) against isolated bacterial species from the water distribution network was analyzed. Predominant microbial consortia (identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Aeromonas sp. Enterobacter sp. and Escherichia. coli) with a mean count of 1.15 × 106 CFU/mL was inoculated in 100 L tap water in a prototype network to simulate real

The use of materials with high reflectivity on the surfaces of inner walls plays a significant role in enhancing the performance of ultraviolet (UV) reactors. In this study, the reactor efficiency is evaluated by changing the materials of the inner wall surfaces of the multi-lamp reactor from stainless steel to aluminum. The effect of water UV transmittance, flow rate, lamp power, and different modes

Sulfide precipitation method has been widely used in the removal of arsenic and heavy metals from copper smelting waste acid. Nevertheless, tiny metal sulfide particles are generated during the process, making it difficult to achieve solid-liquid separation as well as solid-solid separation. This study designed an innovative gravitational field-flow fractionation (GFFF) tank to effectively separate

High-rate activated sludge systems (HRAS) are gaining attention in Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRFs) seeking to become energy efficient wastewater treatment. One well-known HRAS system is the A-stage of the AB (adsorption−biooxidation) process which is common in Germany, Austria, and Netherlands. Recently, the Contact Stabilization (CS), which was a popular choice for many treatment facilities

Sugarcane vinasse is the byproduct of ethanol production and, in many places, its final disposition has been its application in cane fields through fertigation. However, the incorrect practice of this technique can result in soil acidification, increase of salinity, and contamination of groundwater. Appropriate technologies and treatment processes can enable the recovery of byproducts from sugarcane

Fluoride ion in trace amount is essential for the growth of human bones but, the excess intake of this ion creates a toxic effect in the body. The acceptable limit for fluoride ion in the drinking water should be less than 1.5 mg/L. Over and above 200 million people all over the world are suffering severe health hazards like crippling fluorosis, mottling of teeth, anaemia due to the consumption of

Petrochemical and food processing industries generate environmentally hazardous wastewaters that contain oil, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals. Such non-biodegradable contaminants require a complicated treatment process before disposal owing to their heterogeneous components. However, the conventional treatment process has relatively low removal efficiency and produces secondary

Cationic charged polymer species were synthesized via emulsion polymerization and used as polyelectrolytes in polyelectrolyte enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) for the removal of the anionic dye methyl orange (MO). A cellulose membrane with a 30 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) was used for the separation process showing almost complete MO removal for a polymer concentration of 1 g L−1 and a dye concentration

Atrazine in aquatic environment poses a potential threat to human health and ecological system, and photocatalytic technology exhibits a promising prospect for eliminating trace pollutants in water. Four photocatalysts, ZnI2S4 (ZIS) and other three ZIS-based catalysts, g-C3N4/ZIS (CZIS), BiOBr/ZIS (BZIS)and Pd-ZIS (PZIS), were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method and characterized by BET, UV–vis

Activation of persulfate in the presence of nitric acid treated granular activated carbon was studied in order to investigate the degradation of metronidazole from aqueous medium in the continuous up-flow fixed-bed reactor. A tubular glass reactor with internal diameter of 2 cm and height of 15 cm was filled with desirable mass of rod shaped activated carbon with diameter of 4 mm and height of 6 mm

An advanced oxidation-nanofiltration integrated hybrid process is developed in this study for treatment of leather industry wastewater to reusable criteria. The process uses a laboratory-synthesized graphene oxide-based nanocomposite in the final polishing step for ensuring high degree of purification. All investigations are done on live tannery wastewater having high level of recalcitrant pollutants

Natural organic matter (NOM) contributes to bacterial regrowth during potable water treatment and supply. Most conventional water treatment plants insufficiently remove the biodegradable dissolved organic (BDOC) NOM fraction. The presence of labile BDOC in water creates conducive conditions for bacterial regrowth. To reduce NOM and the bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) in water, the study aimed at

Phosphorus is an important and irreplaceable macronutrient for biological processes and is on the “list of Critical Raw Materials” of the European Union. Accumulation in water bodies requires an extra effort to promote its recovery. This study aims to synthesize, characterize and test a reliable adsorbent in acidic to neutral conditions. Several chemical modifications are tested to select the best

The degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by a synthesized ZnO catalyst and under UVA irradiation was examined. ZnO nanostructures were developed by a facile hydrothermal-assisted method. The effect of ZnO heating time and synthesis reaction, pH, catalyst loading, and SMX initial concentration on process efficiency was studied. Water matrices, such as humic acid (HA) solution and surface water (SW)

The present investigation explores application of microwave and ultrasound for degradation of important surfactant as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Understanding into the effects of power dissipation, potassium persulfate (KPS) and/or hydrogen peroxide (HP) loadings on the extent of degradation has been presented along with comparison of efficacy of microwave/ultrasound for activation. Under best treatment

This study investigated the electrokinetic (EK) treatment of Cr from chromite ore processing residue (COPR) using rhamnolipid as the electrolyte. Chemical fractions were analyzed to better understand the transformation and migration of Cr from COPR with different electrolytes and time. The results showed the removal efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) was enhanced to 90.04% with a concentration of rhamnolipid at 15

Landfill leachate is categorized as recalcitrant wastewater and its treatment is a necessary measure for environmental protection. Recently, photocatalytic treatment of recalcitrant wastewaters using N-, P-, and N-P-type TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation has attracted researchers’ attention. This study aims at investigating the photocatalytic removal efficiency of leachate chemical

Sludge floating generally occurred in different anammox reactors, while the microbial difference between settling and floating sludge still unclear. In this study, the comprehensive investigation of microbial features between floating sludge and size-fractionated settling sludge was conducted in a stably operated anammox reactor. Firstly, scanning electron microscope image showed that mounts of long

Para-xylene (PX), as an important industrial chemical, has largely been transported by sea, which is followed by frequent PX leakage accidents at sea. Seawater contaminated by PX can be treated by bioremediation using microalgae, but there are a limited number of microalgal species that can be used to biodegrade PX. In this study, a novel Rhodomonas sp. JZB-2 (Cryptophyta) was isolated from Jiaozhou

In conventional hollow fiber reverse osmosis (HF RO) modules, the lumen side has one end sealed in an epoxy resin, and the other end opened (1way RO) for permeate collection. This study investigates the effect of having both ends open (2way RO) in the HF modules. The RO experiments were conducted using de-ionized (DI) water in two ends opened HF module. The 2way RO experiments produced 10 % more permeate

The current study was designed to obtain the maximum water efficiency using water conservation strategies and at-source effluent treatment leading it reusable in three manufacturing plants (P I, II and III) of a leather chemical industry. The best available techniques (BATs) for water conservation were applied which resulted in 28.1 % and 44.8 % reduction in water usage and effluent generation respectively

In alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding processes, the adsorption of residual surfactants in the oil/water interface significantly affected the emulsification and stabilization of produced water. In order to thoroughly investigate the effect of that on oil-water separation efficiencies, the adsorption behaviors of a surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) were carried out by using both molecular

Wastewater collected from a local jean manufacturing plant was treated using an electrocoagulation process (EC) coupled with activated carbon (AC) adsorption. The process variables were optimized using multivariate regression coupled with nonlinear programming with nonlinear restrictions to achieve the lowest possible cost while keeping a high enough degradation rate for chemical oxygen demand (COD)

The rapidly increasing occurrence of heavy and toxic metals in water bodies harms health and ecosystem globally. Heavy metals accumulated in soil and water bodies enter into the food chain, and their hazardous effects on human health have been investigated extensively. Chromium and arsenic represent the toxic metals widely present in wastewater, and their high concentrations cause a life-threatening

Preparation of superhydrophobic porous wood is an important avenue for realizing efficient oil-water separation, but the reported methods require the removal of hemicellulose and lignin as well as energy consuming freeze-drying process. In the present study, we report a facile strategy for cost-effective, convenient, simple, and highly effective preparation of polymethylsiloxane (POMS) modified wood

In this work, a dual-layer nanfibrous SAN4-HIPS membrane has been fabricated via the gas-assisted electrospinning, and employed for industrial textile wastewater treatment by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The obtained results showed that the new membrane is robust and able to remove the contaminants, remarkably, with almost 99.28 %, 97.93 %, and 100 % reductions for COD, BOD and color

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) present in natural water systems and wastewater treatment plants, due to their wide use in industrial products and consumer goods, represent a hazard to human health, especially if occur in surface waters used for human consumption. Different nanoparticles may co-exist in the natural waters and until now no works have been developed on the impact of the co-existing nanoparticles