The aim of this study was to examine nitrate removal by quaternized silica gel (q-SG) in ternary solutions of nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate under flow-through column conditions. q-SG was synthesized by grafting dimethyloctyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ammonium chloride on silica gel. Fixed-bed column experimental conditions (N = 15) were designed using central composite design to examine dynamic

This study investigates the capability of Tetraselmis sp. for treating mariculture wastewater in a 70-L high-rate algal pond and determines the feasibility of using the resulting biomass. The culture medium contained 45 mg L–1 nitrates, 10 mg L–1 nitrites, 30 mg L–1 ammonium, 17 mg L–1 orthophosphates and 270 mg O2 L–1 of dissolved organic matter as chemical oxygen demand (COD). The culture was kept

A pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was designed and optimized for the treatment of real distillery wastewater. A low hydraulic retention time of 3.5 days was reached after only 3 weeks. The AnMBR could treat up to 3.97 gCOD/L/day with high biogas production at 1.36 NLbiogas/Lbioreactor/day. The performances of an AnMBR and an anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor for treating the same wastewater

Accurate modelling of constructed wetlands is vital for furthering the use of these systems. Constructed wetlands can treat various types of wastewater, including domestic wastewater, agricultural wastewater, industrial and mining wastewater and stormwater runoff. Physical, chemical and biological processes all take place simultaneously to breakdown the contaminants in wastewater, and while the combination

Decentralized water treatment systems provide a viable cost-effective medium tolong term solution for the improvement of water quality under normal circumstances and particularly during a pandemic. Low-cost biosand filters (BSF) have been widely adopted in over 180 countries worldwide. However, they produce inconsistent flow rates and have a lower removal efficacy for Escherichia coli and turbidity

Clathrate hydrates are gaining interest in their applications in the area of energy and the environment. They are also being considered for recovering clean water from brackish water, seawater, wastewater, and industrial effluents. Water reclamation via clathrate hydrate is based on the formation, separation, and dissociation of hydrate crystals devoid of salt and metal ions from saline/wastewater

Disinfection is a sanitary treatment present in both drinking water and wastewater treatment plants aimed at removing pathogenic microorganisms able to damage the human health. The focus of this study is to apply Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to study and to improve the disinfection efficiency through the optimization of the hydrodynamics inside the disinfection tank. Numerous literature studies

In this study, the effect of calcification on methanogenic activity, basic properties, microbial community structure, and microstructure of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) was investigated. Results indicated that inorganic crystals were deposited in the sludge in the form of calcite, which increased sludge density and led them to deposit at the bottom of the anaerobic reactor. Calcification markedly

The emergence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) in water and wastewater systems has high-risk implications for the environment. This manuscript discusses the treatment strategies for the removal of EDC in water and wastewater systems. The reviewed treatment outlines for EDC removal are classified into physical, biological, and chemical treatments. The application of EDC treatments is discussed

This study aimed to investigate the performance of a sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor (SB-MBBR) for biological P removal (Bio-P) treating diluted municipal wastewater at 10 °C and 20 °C, with volatile fatty acid (VFA) dosing during weekdays and without VFA dosing during weekends to simulate an industrial influenced wastewater. The overall results revealed that phosphorus removal efficiency

This work aims to prepare a robust yet low-cost dual-layer hollow fibre ceramic membrane composite membrane (DLZK) fabricated by co-extrusion phase inversion/co-sintering technique to be used in wastewater treatment. The dope suspensions were extruded simultaneously where the outer layer consists of zirconia while the inner layer consists of a mixture of kaolin and zirconia to enhance membrane performance

The emergence of organic micropollutants in surface waters and even groundwater and increasing salination in river delta areas, drives water utility managers towards adoption and application of advanced and robust barriers in drinking water production like reverse osmosis (RO) filtration. However, water produced by RO, called permeate, contains hardly any minerals, is corrosive and bitter in taste

The co-culture of microalgae and specific bacteria is conducive for improving wastewater treatment efficiency. In this study, native bacterial strains isolated from pig biogas slurry were screened for effective biogas slurry treatment when co-cultured with different microalgae. Scenedesmus obliquus and Bacillus megaterium (So-B) co-culture was found more efficient in treating high concentration biogas

Water pollution from the discharge of wastewater containing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) to the natural water bodies is one of the biggest problem affecting humanity. Different technologies such as sorption, membrane filtration etc. have been used to remove heavy metal from the polluted water. In this work, the effects of operational parameters on the ability of the submerged membrane adsorption

The ceramic microfiltration membrane which composed of membrane body having macro pore and active layer having micro pore was fabricated successfully by the process including the sintering of tape-casted and laminated mixture of zirconia and polyvinyl butyral binder, and re-sintering after screen coating of zirconia. The average pore size and porosity of the fabricated membrane were 0.1855 μm and 40

Organic fouling – which generally gives a more severe effect on anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) – leads to performance degradation of electro-membrane processes. In this work, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based AEM was prepared by a solution casting method. Three AEMs were modified by different hydrophilic additives, namely polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000), and ZnO nanoparticles

Two EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) reactors (R0 and R1) with 2 g-VSS L−1 anammox sludge were established to intensify specific anammox activity (SAA) and biomass growth under limited inoculum, and in response to a hydraulic strategy. During the start-up period, HRT (hydraulic retention time) was set at 12h in R0, while sharply decreased from 12h to 4h in R1. The sludge characteristics, abundance