In order to solve the Cu sintering in dimethyl oxalate (DMO) hydrogenation to ethanol, the reaction temperature should be kept at a low value, however, which is unable to show excellent catalytic performance. Herein, the reaction temperature decreased significantly from above 260 to 220°C over Ce-doping Cu/ZrO2 catalyst, which retained high catalytic efficiency with little influence on the catalyst

The flow of stirring process is complex and multiscale. To analyze the effects of baffle on the flow characteristics driven by paddle turbine, particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments were performed for the unbaffled stirred vessel and the standard baffled stirred vessel stirred by the single paddle turbine. Under the baffle arrangement, the flow discharge was strengthened, and the range of high-velocity

Fouling degrades the thermal and hydraulic performances of the heat exchanger (HE), leading to failure if undetected. It occurs due to the accumulation of undesired material on the heat transfer surface. Knowledge about the HE fouling dynamics is required to plan mitigation strategies, ensuring a sustainable and safe operation. This paper aims to propose a feature-based technique to predict the fouling

Titanium dioxide nanotube array (TiO2 NTA) grown on titanium substrate has been fabricated as active photoelectrode for organic compound degradation. TiO2 NTA shows the tubewall-separated nanotube arrangement and anatase crystal structure. Transient photocurrent of 1.86 mA and open-circuit photovoltage of 0.26 V are determined to keep stable level under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, indicating

Different cathode configurations with carbon paper (CP) and carbon cloth (CC) gas diffusion layer (GDL) are combined with Nafion® 115 for GOx enzyme fuel cells. Catalyst-coated Nafion membrane (without a GDL) has resulted with highest impedance and lowest polarization response. Hot pressing of cathode gas diffusion electrode (GDE) onto the Nafion or physical placement onto the alternative chitosan

Homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous condensation of salt vapors near the wall of superheater or reheater tubes greatly improve the sticky propensity of deposited surfaces or impacting particles and then lead to a fast-growing rate of initial layer. Based on the deposition experiment of mechanically mixed KCl + SiO2 particles in an entrained flow reactor, a numerical model with considering the

Oil–water two-phase flow exists widely in the process of petroleum industry. The water holdup is an important parameter but difficult to measure. In this paper, we develop an area-alterable liquid electrode capacitance sensor for water holdup measurement in oil–water two-phase flow. The capacitance sensor has a relatively high measurement sensitivity and a good linearity in the full range of the water

Monodisperse composite microspheres were prepared of zirconia and urea formaldehyde resin having an average particle size of 2.2 μm. Their surface was modified by silane coupling agent and styrene, and then sulfuric acid assisted with silver sulfate to form solid sulfonic acid based ion-exchange catalyst (namely, ZrO2-SIEC) for the alkylation of 2,4/2,5-xylenol mixture. The selectivities of catalyst

Nitrogen in water will induce active biogeochemical effects, such as denitrification and anammox, which release N2O, a greenhouse gas, leading to increasing global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to find an economical and efficient method to treat ammonia nitrogen in the field of wastewater treatment. In this study, two cation exchange resins, D61 and D708, were selected to analyze external environment

Analysis of fluid flow in a bidispersive medium with reactions is explored. The Darcy model is used in the momentum equation with the density being a linear function in temperature and salt concentration. Two cases are regarded which are heated below and salted above system and heated and salted below system. It is presumed that the equilibrium solute concentration follows a linear relationship to

The theoretical investigation of thermal convection in a horizontal layer of micropolar nanofluid is examined within the rule of linear stability hypothesis. The model applied for nanofluid integrates the impact of Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions. The flux of the volumetric fraction of nanoparticles is considered to be nil on the boundaries. The critical eigenvalues are achieved using the Galerkin

Hydrocarbon reforming route has gained immense attention for producing energy-effective renewable fuels and/or chemicals in the recent era. In this simulation study, O2 addition and CH4 recycling's effect on the dry oxidative reforming reactor's performance was investigated. Aspen HYSYS simulation software was used to assess a biogas-to-syngas conversion process's feasibility by integrating with the

A series of xNiCeOy@SiO2 catalysts with different cerium contents were prepared by hydrothermal coprecipitation and Stöber method. The results of catalytic performance showed that 15NiCeOy@SiO2 has the best catalytic activity with the methane conversion of 81.1% and the specific activity of the catalyst (the amount of methane converted per mol Ni per minute) of 1.14. 10NiCeOy@SiO2 exhibits the highest

The industrial experiments were carried out to study the bituminous coal blending in a 660-MWe supercritical down-fired boiler with anthracite combustion system under low load. The influence of the bituminous coal ratio on the boiler thermal efficiency, flue gas temperature, flue gas species, and heat transfer of various heating surfaces was analyzed in detail. The ignition distances of three experimental

A series of Mn–Ce–Fe–Co–Ox/P84 (polyimide) catalytic filter materials by in situ method (ISM) were investigated for the low-temperature catalytic activities for NO and elemental mercury Hg0 in the simulated flue fixed-bed system, especially under mixed atmosphere conditions with water and sulfur. The influence of Fe and Co doping ratio, Fe of loading sequence, and the types of precursors are systematically

This paper reports the production of ivermectin (IVM)-encapsulated lecithin/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles via supercritical antisolvent system (SAS). Of a total of nine formulations, experimental condition R7 containing 10% lecithin relative to polymer (PMMA) resulted in the smallest average experimental particle diameter (dexp), more stable surface charges and high IVM encapsulation

Cd is one of the most serious and harmful heavy metals in the world. Nanomaterials as a new passivating agent for heavy metals in soil have become a hot issue. But nanometer magnesium hydroxide application to heavy metal pollution in soils has not been reported. The laboratory culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of nanometer magnesium hydroxide and ordinary magnesium hydroxide (100

The mathematical and theoretical impacts of heat and mass transportation on the peristaltic process of electrically conducting hyperbolic tangent liquid in an asymmetric tapered channel are considered. Flow in porous space is categorized through modified Darcy's law. The mechanism of heat transfer is also examined in conjunction with viscous dissipation. Both Soret and Dufour impacts are also included

Imidazoline quaternary-ammonium-salt corrosion inhibitor and thioureido-imidazoline quaternary-ammonium-salt compound corrosion inhibitor were synthesized using oleic acid, diethylenetriamine, benzyl chloride, and thiourea as the raw materials. The resulting samples were characterized by static weight-loss method, electrochemical polarization curve, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and scanning

In order to improve the lithium storage capacity of lithium-ion battery anode materials, three nitrogen-doped and nitrogen-doped hollow carbon materials (Cw-GO), nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels, and three-dimensional nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials (PCMs) were prepared, and their electrochemical properties were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Needle coke was recognized as one of the most important precursor to produce ultra-high power graphite electrode, commercial anode materials for lithium-ion battery, and special graphite materials. It was generally accepted that the microstructure of needle coke has been acted as a key role on the quality of its derived graphite materials. In this work, four kinds of green needle cokes (coal-based

In even the simplest recycling system with a first-order plus dead time model for the direct and recycling paths, the characteristic equation for the open-loop transfer function contains an infinite number of poles. This is due to the presence of time delays in the internal dynamics. The task of designing a controller is therefore challenging from the perspective of control. This paper considers the

In this paper, in order to improve the efficiency of waste heat utilization, based on the movement type and shape of the snake, snake bionic surfaces with different structures were designed, and CuO–H2O nanofluids were used instead of traditional working fluids, and they were coupled together and applied to waste heat utilization equipment. The main work is to experimentally study the effects of nanofluids

No abstract is available for this article.

The demand for bauxite has increased sharply due to the fast development of alumina industry, so new technology must be developed to take full advantage of nontraditional bauxite resources to realize a continuous supply of bauxite. In this experiment, anatase sulfuric acid leaching liquor is taken as the research object to conduct aluminum–iron separation and high-purity alumina preparation. The leaching

In this work, a novel model reduction method is proposed for transfer function models. The method is based on equating the ratio of the coefficients of the ‘s’, powers of ‘s’ in the numerator to the corresponding coefficients of the s, powers of ‘s’ in the denominator of the closed-loop transfer function of the higher order process to the closed-loop transfer function of the reduced order model with

In this study, 2D and 3D models of corrugated plates using the volume of fluid (VOF) model were set up to simulate the influence of corrugated structure on the wettability and heat transfer. The results show that compared with the triangular corrugation, the rectangular corrugation has a slower growth rate of wetting ratio (WR) as the Weber number (We) increases under the same corrugation length Le

The kinetics and thermal behaviors of cow manure (CM) and Meihuajing bituminous coal (MHJ) blending from room temperature to 950°C were investigated by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mass spectrometer (MS). TG curves show that the high heating rate accelerates thermal decomposition rate, and the position of differential thermal gravity (DTG)

Many micromixing applications require simple structured passive mixers rather than complex structured passive or expensive active mixers. However, mixing quality in a typical simple structured passive mixer remains poor. In the present work, simple T‐type micromixer is modified with a circumferential in‐step at the entry of inlet channels to generate velocity components oblique to the mainstream inlet

In this paper, the characteristics of flow field in the disc partition divided by ribs and its influence on the separation efficiency of disc centrifuge were investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. The simulated results show good agreement with the experimented data. The shape and intensity of the vortex in the thin‐layer flow in the disc gap were significantly affected by the disc partition

CaO‐based adsorbent pellets from limestone and carbide slag powder were prepared by an extrusion–spheronization method. Three types of binder and peptizer materials were introduced to improve the adsorption performance and mechanical properties of adsorbent pellets. Weibull statistics was employed to analyze the compressive stress of adsorbent pellets. The results revealed that pseudo‐boehmite and

Analyzing the effects of feed characteristics and membrane transport properties are important for designing the industrial‐scale pervaporative desulfurization plants. In this study, a new method to analyze the effects of feed composition and membrane characteristics has been proposed, where these properties are represented by average vapor pressure and average permeance coefficient. Spiral wound module

This work is intended to investigate the molecular interactions and transport properties of five pseudo‐binary mixtures of various combinations of vegetable oils (sesame oil and sunflower oil) and organic extractants (Aliquat 336, TBP, D2EHPA and TOA) by determining their surface tension, density and viscosity over a temperature range of 25–60°C at atmospheric pressure. The experimental data are fitted

The primary intent of this article is to explicate the development of an efficient control strategy to enhance the automated drug infusion technique and thereby, regulating the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in both surgical and post‐surgical clinical scenarios. To simplify the already existing design techniques that are mathematically very complicated, a governed drug management system is required

Mature hydrogen producing technologies like steam methane reforming, coal combustion, and hydrogenation of hydrocarbons are leading emitters of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Catalytic decomposition of methane into carbon and hydrogen is a sure way of controlling the net emission of this greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. In this study, we present an environmentally benign approach of producing

We proposed a personalized bolus advisor for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A bolus advisor is a decision support system that recommends insulin doses based on an open‐loop model‐based optimization. To construct the bolus advisor, the optimal open‐loop control of blood glucose (BG) concentration in T1D patients was represented as a multi‐objective optimization problem. The insulin types, doses

The natural gas produced from gas wells contains a lot of fine gravel impurities, which causes the blockage of precision pressure regulating equipment and metering equipment. Cyclone separator is widely used in the field of natural gas surface sand removal because of its simple structure and high separation efficiency. In the field application of traditional cyclone separators, there are some problems

The shear layer is a region between the internal and external recirculating zone of the flame, which is critical for combustion stabilization and emission. This study experimentally studied the effects of oxyfuel (CO2/O2) shear layer injections on combustion dynamics and pollutant emissions of a model gas turbine combustor. To evaluate the damping performances of ‘Oxy’ CO2/O2 shear layer jets on unsteady

With the extensive use of internal combustion engines, the large volume of lubricant consumption has become an urgent problem. In this study, a new adsorbent of modified sawdust (MS) was used to clean the waste diesel engine lubricant and prepared into a pure biomass oil filter (PBF) for the actual operation of buses. The characterization results of sawdust showed that the crystallinity index of MS

The “coordinative effect” was discovered in MEA + DEA bi‐solvents already, and it enhances both CO2 absorption and desorption within MEA + RR'NH simultaneously. A recent study verified strong coordinative effects within MEA + BEA (RR'NH) + AMP tri‐solvents, but whether the coordination was 100% attributed to interaction of MEA + BEA needs to be confirmed. This study investigated the “coordinative effect”

Aiming to utilize CO2 and solid waste form coal chemical industry synchronously, we proposed a novel process which integrated CO2 mineral carbonation and utilization of gasification slags based on chemical looping. With NH4Cl as the loop chemical, which generated HCl and NH3 through pyrolysis, the aluminum, calcium, and so forth were extracted by HCl from the coal slag, and CO2 was mineralized by calcium

The crude oil extracted from milk thistle seeds was employed as a precursor for creating biodiesel (BD) via the cosolvent esterification–transesterification process. The high acid value of the extracted oil (11.90 mg KOH/g) encouraged its pre‐esterification in the occurrence of hexane as a cosolvent. The cosolvent esterification of oil diminished its acidity index to below 2.0 mg KOH/g using 1.5:1

Graphene oxide (GO)‐based hydrogel beads were synthesized by physical crosslinking of GO with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to produce a pH‐sensitive drug carrier with selective drug‐release properties. Four different GO/CMC composite hydrogel beads (GCB) were prepared with GO oxidized at 30°C and 5q0°C with varying GO loading 1 or 5 mg/ml. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized GO and its composite

No abstract is available for this article.

During the operation of entrained‐flow gasifiers, the ash deposits located on the wall tubes in the radiant syngas coolers (RSC) reduce the heat transfer efficiency. Syngas sootblowing is an effective method to remove the slag deposits in the RSC. In this study, a 3D numerical model was developed by combining the cohesive zone method (CZM) and the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian analysis to investigate

Ash fusion characteristics including ash properties and morphological changes in high‐temperature fusion test were studied among four types of fuels comprising two woody biomass, three straw biomass, two bituminous coals, and three biomass/coal mixtures. On the basis of ash fusion behavior and kinetic analysis of the ash melting process, a high‐precision acquisition method for ash fusion temperatures

Medium–low‐temperature coal tar pitch (MLP) is a by‐product of semi‐coke fabrication with a high content of carbon. However, the small amount of aromatic organic compounds in MLP makes prevents its practical use as a feedstock for the production of high‐quality artificial carbon materials (such as needle coke) via direct thermal conversion. To understand the effects of autogenous pressure thermal polymerization

A facile, rapid, and energy‐saving gel‐like‐solid method was applied to prepare zeolites from natural minerals. Using potassic rocks (PRs) activated by the alkali fusion decomposition method together with silica‐alumina xerogel as silicon‐ and aluminum‐species, zeolite P has been successfully synthesized via gel‐like‐solid phase method. The effects of crystallization time (t), crystallization temperature

The mercury intrusion test was conducted with an automatic mercury porosimeter, and the pore characteristics of five types of aggregates commonly used in road construction were analyzed using mercury injection data obtained under different pressures. The amount of asphalt that infiltrated the aggregate pores under an asphalt–aggregate ratio of 4% was experimentally and numerically determined, and the

The feasibility and performance of continuous hydrogen production from herbal wastewater via anaerobic fermentation was investigated at different organic loading rates (OLRs) (from 12 to 96 kg chemical oxygen demand [COD]·L−1·day−1) in diatomite‐immobilized sludge reactor and suspended sludge reactor. Results indicated that the diatomite‐immobilized sludge reactor presented more efficient and stable

For achieving the strengthened low‐NOx combustion plus high burnout in W‐shaped flame furnaces, a cascade‐arch low‐NOx and high‐burnout configuration (CLHC) is realized by positioning two burner layers in a 600 MWe furnace. The gas/particle flow, combustion, and NOx emission characteristics in the furnace are numerically evaluated at four upper/lower furnace depth ratios of CW = 0.458, 0.500, 0.529

Highly efficient separation of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTXs) from pyrolysis gasoline is very important in petrochemical industries. Though the extractive distillation (ED) process is simpler and consumes less energy compared with liquid–liquid extraction process, it is difficult for a single solvent, for example, sulfolane, to achieve both high purity and high yield of BTXs. In this work, methylsulfonylethane

This study explores the mechanistic issues of ultrasound‐assisted interesterification through identification of links between physics and chemistry of the process. Notably, the interesterification reactions have been carried out using blended feedstock of non‐edible oils—keeping in view requirements for large‐scale processes. The reaction system consisted of blended non‐edible oils, methyl acetate

Low blood pressure drop is an important performance characteristic of a hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator (HFMO). While the application of natural blood corresponds to complex handling procedures, the in vitro investigation of liquid pressure drop is mainly done using water or similar fluids (e.g., normal saline solution [NSS]). In this study, a comprehensive phenomenological model has been proposed

The ash‐related issues hinder the safe utilization of Zhundong coal, closely relevant to its ash compositions. Previous studies mainly focused on the experimental methods and the selection of ash composition benchmark was restricted to a specific coal sample with limited element types, ignoring the comprehensive elemental interaction. Here, the impacts of eight compositions on ash fusion and crystal

The optical texture of coke is undoubtedly one of the important factors that determined many properties of coke, but it still mostly depends on the skills and experience of manual analysis. In this paper, a novel automatic measurement method is proposed for coke optical texture. this method through two analyzer angle images(10° and 170°) under polarizing microscope to recognize isochromatic regions

A systematic design and optimization method for vinyl acetate/acetic acid/acetic anhydride ternary system separation processes is proposed. Herein, four separation schemes including the conventional distillation, the inter-column mechanical vapor recompression heat pump distillation (IMVRHP), the double mechanical vapor recompression heat pumps distillation (DMVRHPs), and DMVRHPs with heat exchange

Nano-Ni1Co1Ox spinel catalysts were prepared via a coprecipitation method, followed by calcination in different atmospheres (air, CO air, N2, and static air flow) tested CO oxidation in air. The calcination of basic cobalt-nickel precursor in CO air mixture flow (4.5 vol.%) led to the formation of nano-Ni1Co1Ox spinel with highest specific surface area, smallest crystallite size, porous, and well-dispersed

In paper industries, Multiple Stage Evaporator (MSE) is used to concentrate black liquor. Due to the energy intensive nature of MSE, the global energy scenario stresses on optimizing its energy efficiency. Moreover, the necessity of a tight control of product quality demands superior understanding of system dynamics for controller design. This paper presents a robust fractional-order Proportional–Integral–Derivative

Hydroprocessing of vegetable oil to high-quality jet fuel range hydrocarbons (HRJ) plays a significant role in the development of completely interchangeable substitute for conventional petroleum-derived jet fuel and has drawn the attention of aviation experts due to its capacity to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions associated with the aviation industry. The limited performance of 1 wt. % Sn promoted