This paper is focused on investigating the influences of enhanced granulation with hydrated lime on the propagation of flame front and strength properties of the produced sinter in iron ore sintering. Pilot‐scale sinter pot experiments were performed at three hydrated lime levels, and the porous structures of sinter were reconstructed by high resolution X‐ray tomography. When hydrated lime increased

Bovine Lactoperoxidase (LP), a minor whey protein, is used as an antimicrobial in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical preparations. Industries are in pursuit of reliable, cheap, and scalable purification methods as the conventional techniques for LP purification like chromatography and membrane separation suffer from several drawbacks. The present work investigates the selective reverse micellar extraction

The Mn‐Fe‐Sn/TiO2(MFST) catalysts for NO and Hg co‐removal with SO2 resistance at low temperature were prepared by the impregnation method under different calcination temperatures (300, 400, 500, and 600°C). The influences of calcination temperatures on SO2 resistance and of SO2 concentration on both denitration and demercuration performances of the Mn‐Fe‐Sn/TiO2 catalysts were investigated in a fixed‐bed

To prepare the heterogeneous catalyst for the simultaneous transesterification and esterification of waste cooking oil (WO), 12‐tungustophosphoric acid (TPA) and K+ were loaded over alumina. The catalyst structure was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction analysis while the catalyst composition and the elemental oxidation state by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic study. The surface morphology of the

The principal objective of this work was to modify the surface of natural bentonite for enhanced adsorption of cationic dyes. In this regard, novel bentonite/carbon composites were synthesized through two routes. Ferrocene/p‐xylene mixture was used as carbon source through (1) hydrothermal decomposition and (2) spray routes during the calcination of sodium‐bentonite (Na‐B) to deposit carbons on the

In this paper, calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel and calcium silicate hydrate doped with asphalt emulsion (EACSH) were synthesised using Na2SiO3•9H2O, Ca (NO3)2•4H2O, NaOH, deionised water and anionic asphalt emulsion. N2 isothermal adsorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of asphalt emulsion on morphology and porosity of CSH. The Frenkel–Halsey–Hill

Via coupling the mass balance, energy balance, and power law kinetic equations, a tanks‐in‐series reactor model is established to describe the performance of the industrial in‐series stirred‐tank oxidation reactors for adipic acid (AA) synthesis. Industrial‐scale experiments are carried out for model verification, and the satisfactory agreement between the experimental results and calculated data indicates

A phytic acid‐based surface tolerant epoxy coating was prepared, and the effect of phytic acid on the corrosion resistance of the composite coating on rusty carbon steel substrate was investigated. The results showed that the low‐frequency impedance modulus of the composite coating on rusty carbon steel could reached 108 Ω·cm2 order of magnitude after immersing for 480 h in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Compared

The drive to achieve greater energy efficiencies is well‐established in the fine chemical industries with distillation processes being a key focus due to their disproportionate energy consumption totaling more than 40% of the overall plant. The objective of this paper is to specifically focus on the energy efficiency benefits that would be realized by employing intensified distillation column configurations

A solid acid catalyst aluminum sulfate was prepared and showed good performance for the propylene oxide rearrangement reaction. The selective adsorption of propylene oxide at different acid sites and the amount of acid sites on the catalyst was studied by the pyridine infrared. The results indicated that the rearrangement of propylene oxide on aluminum sulfate is catalyzed by Lewis acid sites. The

In this study, copper hydroxide sulfate (Cu4(OH)6SO4) was synthesized by chemical precipitation using CuSO4 as the precursor material and the first time borax as basic precipitating agent. The synthesized samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The decomposition kinetics of Cu4(OH)6SO4 were examined by the thermoanalytical procedures. It was obtained from TG‐DTG data that Cu4(OH)6SO4 has

No abstract is available for this article.

In this work, hierarchically porous nanocrystalline ZSM‐5 was synthesized hydrothermally. Different concentrations of copper were incorporated into the matrix by ion exchange method. The synthesized samples were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

Glycol‐mediated facile solvothermal process for synthesis of mesoporous cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. The structure, surface functionalization and morphology of the prepared sample are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The role

Polyolester (POE) oil and mineral (Min) oil are widely used in household refrigerators as compressors lubricants in India. An experimental calculation on the thermal, chemical, corrosion, and nature‐friendly properties of POE oil and Min oil suspended with silica nanoparticles is conducted for confirming its practicality to adopt in refrigeration compressors as nanolubricant. No surfactants were used

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology for wastewater treatment coupled with electricity generation. Biowaste‐derived electrodes are used to improve the surface area, roughness, and hydrophilicity, which play pivotal role in the enhanced biofilm formation. In the present study, Ficus religiosa leaves (FRL) biowaste was used to develop the bioelectrode. In this study, Congo red (CR) dye

In this paper, the stretching and rupture of liquid bridge are studied by experiment and numerical simulation. In the experiment, the relationship between the critical rupture distance of the liquid bridge and four factors, including volume of liquid bridge, particle initial distance, liquid bridge stretching velocity and liquid bridge viscosity, is quantitatively studied. It is found that the liquid

No abstract is available for this article.

This work investigates the decomposition of K‐feldspar into analcime under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. Two types of raw materials, potassic syenite powder and microcline crystal lumps, were used for hydrothermal treatment. Research techniques of minerals alteration path simulation, powder decomposition experiments, and specific observations were conducted. Results show that K‐feldspar did not

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) seeds were exploited as possible nonedible feedstock for the synthesis of liquid biofuels, namely, biodiesel and bio‐oil via alkali–alcoholysis and pyrolysis routes, respectively. The alkali–alcoholysis reaction of mandarin seed oil with an equivalent mixture of methanol–ethanol alcohols was examined and optimized by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best experimental yield

Novel palmitic acid–decanoic acid@Ce–Eu/TiO2 (PA–DA@Ce–Eu/TiO2) microspheres with high photocatalysis–thermal–humidity collaborative performance were prepared via a two‐step method. Ce and Eu were used for codoping to modify the TiO2 hollow microspheres to enhance the photocatalytic properties. Furthermore, a eutectic phase change material (PA–DA) was combined with Ce–Eu/TiO2 hollow microspheres to

Agglomeration–deposition of pyrolytic coke particles has been assigned as the main concern of fouling formation of olefin units in heat exchangers, vessels, and towers. The aim of this study is to investigate the agglomeration and the fouling propensity of aliphatic‐coated pyrolytic coke particles in the aqueous phase of quench water. Unusual surface properties of pyrolytic coke particles refer back

To explore the effect of coalbed methane (CBM) airflow on coal oxidation under low temperatures, an experimental apparatus was developed and applied to simulate coal oxidation under different oxidizing atmospheres. The formation of carbon monoxide CO, the index gas, in CBM airflow was analyzed to obtain the optimum concentration of CH4 that exerted the strongest influence on coal oxidation. Then, a

It is evident from several researches that combining a couple of process modifications is effective in reducing reboiler duty in the chemical absorption‐based carbon capture process. Although extensive works on these combined modifications exist in literature, studies on combined lean vapour compression (LVC) and rich solvent preheating (RSP) are unavailable, despite their potentials as promising energy‐saving

The core aim of this manuscript is to recommend analytical tuning rules to regulate and control the air supply pressure moving from the supply manifold (SM) to the electrode (cathode) of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This is done to have an optimal oxygen excess ratio in the fuel cell for enhanced energy generation. The higher order dynamics of PEMFC is approximated to be non‐integer

Realizing ultra‐low NOx emissions during coal combustion is currently a development trend and technical bottleneck of coal combustion technology. To further exploit the low‐nitrogen potentialities in preheating combustion technology, the preheating characteristics, combustion characteristics, and NOx emission characteristics of pulverized coal, after changing operating parameters such as the air equivalence

Mixing at microscales is purely governed by the diffusion mass transport phenomenon, which is a time‐consuming process requiring a prolonged length of the microchannel to obtain desired results. The present study proposes a novel three‐dimensional helical micromixer (TDHM) with a rectangular cross‐section to achieve splendid mixing performance within a short distance contrary to the simple T‐micromixer

In this paper, an experimental apparatus was developed based on the evaporating water tower of the circuit bottom‐ash sluicing system. The formation and movement of single bubble that emerged from an orifice with 5 mm diameter in the middle of the tray were investigated by visual experiments, with water flow rates of 150, 200, and 250 L/h−1, steam flow rate of 5 kg/h−1, and nitrogen flow rates of 0

To solve the ash deposition problem caused by burning high‐calcium Zhundong coal (ZDC), the addition of vermiculite is a promising solution. However, complete mechanisms of vermiculite addition reducing ash deposition are still unknown. In this paper, the effect of vermiculite on sodium emission, ash fusion characteristics, and mineral transformation is investigated. The results show that although

In this study, coke deposits during thermal cracking of light naphtha in the presence of sulfur‐ and sulfur/phosphorous‐containing compounds with different addition methods were investigated from the points of morphology and structure. Sulfur/phosphorous‐containing compounds were applied by continuous addition, pretreatment, and pretreatment followed by continuous addition. As for continuous addition

Hollow fibre membrane bioreactors (HFMBs) have been shown to overcome the diffusion limitation of nutrients (e.g., glucose) from the hollow fibres (lumens) to the porous regions of a scaffold (extracapillary space). However, direct monitoring of glucose diffusion inside the HFMBs is almost impossible because of their small size; thus, various computational modelling frameworks have been developed in

This work focused on the mathematical model establishment and accurately forecast the conditions of thermal storage catalytic combustion about ethyl acetate, using platinum/palladium molecular sieve support reaction system. According to the physical properties of ethyl acetate and the mass transfer and continuity equations, a mathematical model was established using FORTRAN programming. The mathematical

The copper ion reduction and oxidation cycle during the cathodic process of gold thiosulfate leaching was studied using a rotating disc electrode and cyclic voltammetry, and the dynamic characteristics of the system were discussed. In a copper ammonium solution, the redox reactions of were reversible and controlled by substance diffusion. The rotating disc electrode and the reduction method with a

In order to solve the problems of high supercooling, poor thermal conductivity and phase separation after repeated use of Na2S2O3·5H2O with additives. In this paper, Na2S2O3·5H2O is used as the matrix phase change material, and 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3% SrCl2·6H2O, and 10% expanded graphite (EG) are added to prepare the modified Na2S2O3·5H2O composite phase change energy storage material

Densities of the binary mixtures of organic solvents (acetic acid (HAc), n‐butanol (n‐BuOH) and n‐ butyl acetate (n‐BuAc)) with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate {[EMIM][HSO4]: IL 1 }, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyimidazolium ethyl sulphate {[EMIM][EtSO4]: IL 2 }, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate {[BMIM][OAc]: IL 3 }, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, {[BMIM][NtF2]: IL

An improved electrical regeneration method of ion exchange was proposed to enhance the feasibility of applying ion exchange for mono‐ethylene glycol (MEG) desalination and simplify the existing MEG regeneration process in deepwater gas fields. Compared with the latest electrical regeneration process named membrane‐free electrodeionization (MFEDI), this method required lower voltage, did not consume

Polystyrene is a nondegradable lightweight foamy substance that easily blows from landfills into drains and waterways. This material creates litter and water pollution and harms the wildlife who mistakenly eat it. This study investigated a cost‐effective pyrolysis approach for catalytic conversion of waste polystyrene into useful oil and gas products. The Portland cement was used as a solid base to

The regeneration reaction characteristics of the K2CO3/Al2O3 sorbent were investigated with a thermogravimetric apparatus. The effects of the gas composition and temperature on the regeneration conversion and reaction rate were analysed extensively. The results of the thermogravimetric experiment revealed that the regeneration characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 are better than those of pure K2CO3 and that

Fluid–structure interaction (FSI), the combination of computational fluid dynamics and computational solid mechanics, is considered as a procedure to determine the stress or strain of the solid under the influence of flow movement. Common parameters such as pressure and temperature that existed in the fluid solver and solid solver are the core factors of date communication in FSI. This work investigated

In this study, double‐layer flat sheet membranes consist of nanocomposite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–ZnO layer on the top, whereas pristine polymeric PVDF on the bottom was fabricated via the double‐casting phase inversion (DCPI) method. The nanocomposite layer was prepared by loading 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% of ZnO nanoparticles. The morphology of the membranes changed as ZnO nanoparticles were

No abstract is available for this article.

Flue gas desulfurisation is a prerequisite for successful CO2 capture in coal‐fired power stations utilising aqueous amine absorbents. For nations like Australia, where there is nonexistence of mandatory flue gas desulfurisation, this increases the cost for power plants retrofitting CO2 capture. The CSIRO's CS‐Cap process, a potentially low cost method for combined CO2 and SO2 capture, provides an

In this work, we have explored for the first time the potential application of trace‐Fe(III)/chlorine system as an innovative oxidation technology for the degradation of persistent textile dyes. Fe(III)/chlorine combination improved the dye removal by ~40% within 30 s, as compared with chlorination alone, mainly through a radical pathway induced by the catalytic activation of chlorine in the presence

Hollow nanosphere structure has a favorable catalytic performance in catalysis. Not only the large specific surface area, excellent mass transfer ability but also the special cavity structure. This particular structure was applied in the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO2 and methanol. A series of CeO2 hollow spheres of varying sizes and shell numbers were fabricated via a facile

In this work, pure barium titanate (BT) and cobalt doped barium titanate (CBT) were synthesized by using barium chloride, tetrabutyl titanate, cobalt chloride, and titanium chloride as precursors via a two‐step hydrothermal process. These precursor mixtures were further blended with a dispersion of surfactant + graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) judiciously during the second step of hydrothermal process

In this study, naphthalene heat pipes were produced and filled with different materials to test the heat transfer performance. The relationship between the pipes' diameters, liquid content, wall temperature distribution, and transmission power was studied. An explosion test was designed to assess the operating temperature limit of the naphthalene heat pipes. The results demonstrated an optimum filling

In the present study, a commercial TiO2, several BiVO4 photocatalysts, a WO3 nanomaterial, and their composites were used to prepare photocatalytic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafilter membranes. Their photocatalytic activities and the effects of coatings on the filtration of oil‐in‐water emulsion (crude oil; coil = 100 mg L−1) were investigated. Fluxes, filtration resistances, purification efficiencies

A crude oil refining is a capital intensive process and releases a huge amount of environmentally unfriendly side‐products. Scheduling of crude oil that determines the optimal unloading of crude from vessels to storages, transfer to blending tanks, and charging to distillation units (CDUs) in a way that minimizes the total operating cost has become the focus of the studies in the last few decades.

The present study considers computational evaluation of mixing performance in a T‐mixer having staggered fins. A novel arrangement consisting of two pairs of staggered fins is incorporated and placed close to the entrance of the mixing channel. A parametric study is performed to examine the effects arising from the geometric and flow parameters alteration. With respect to all the parameters investigated

The present study aims to conduct a systematic assessment of Al‐SBA‐15 as the aluminum‐substituted mesoporous catalyst for raw methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (MTD). The catalysts are synthesized by varying the pretreatment variables (pH of the preparation and Si/Al ratio), the posttreatment variable (steaming time), and by the addition of aluminophosphate as the binder. The experimental design

The particle attrition could lead to the degradation of industrial product quality and results in a series of environmental problems. However, the influence of material properties on the attrition process of particles has long been ignored by researchers. In this article, the particle attrition characteristics of inorganic materials are investigated in a laboratory‐scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR)

Fluidized beds are widely used in many chemical engineering industrials, and flow behaviors of multiphase flow have always been the focus of research. This paper presented how rolling friction and cohesive liquid affected wet particle flow behaviors by experiments, simulation, and data analyses. Experiments were conducted for applying a suitable range of rolling friction coefficient. A discrete element

Effects of combustion instability on flame macrostructures and NOx emissions were conducted experimentally in a model gas turbine combustor. Two variables of the CH4 flame were investigated—the flow rate and the equivalence ratio. Results indicate that flame macrostructure changes when the equivalence ratio increases from 0.50 to 1.00, the average total length of flame front firstly decreases from

Oil/water separation and heavy metal ion adsorptions have become a worldwide challenge due to the global industrial development and its indiscriminate discharge. Large numbers of methods have been developed to solve the problems, among which using superwettability material to selective separation is one of an efficient approach. However, this method cannot adsorb the heavy metal ions from water. Herein

Water washing can effectively remove Na, K, and Cl in biomass, which can cause fouling, slagging, and corrosion during thermal conversion process of biomass fuels. However, it is necessary to dispose the leachates appropriately after water washing. Characterization of organic matters in leachates should be performed first, which is beneficial to find an effective way to dispose the leachate. In this

This paper presents the design of a decentralized proportional–integral (PI) controller for a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The aeration rate and the return recycle sludge rate are manipulated inputs to the WWTP process, while substrate and biomass concentration are considered as the output variables. The study is divided into two segments: A decentralized controller is designed based on the best

The hydrodemethylation reaction of 3,4‐xylenol on micro/mesoporous catalysts with active component TiO2 was studied. TiO2/YM‐m and TiO2/YM‐c micro/mesoporous materials were, respectively, derived by loading TiO2 with the composition and mechanical mixing of Al‐MCM‐41 and HY zeolite. The effect of the bifunctional catalysts on the catalytic performance of hydroxymethylation of xylenol before and after

A comparative study of isobaric Vapor‐Liquid‐Liquid Equilibria (VLLE) prediction using the COnductor like Screening MOdel Segment Activity Coefficient (COSMO‐SAC) model was performed on nine Ionic Liquids (ILs) and their extractive properties were evaluated for the separation of toluene/1‐heptane mixtures using IL‐based extractive distillation. For better insights into the IL‐hydrocarbon mixture behavior

An improved high‐temperature flue gas combustion technology was developed and examined in this study. The high‐temperature flue gas generator generated a flow of flue gas at a high temperature (720°C) with low oxygen content (10%), which flowed into the main combustion zone and acted as the carrier gas for pulverized bituminous coal (0–0.355 mm) in the combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber

Coal fly ash (CFA), a solid waste from power plants, was selected as the support of Ni‐based catalysts used for steam reforming of toluene in a fixed‐bed reactor. The CFA support was thermally pretreatment first, followed by chemical activation with different treatment time (6 h to 4 days) in 2‐mol/L HNO3 solution. Then, series low‐cost catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation. The prepared catalysts