It is the key to accurately obtain participants' emotional responses to product color for the product color emotional design. However, traditional research rarely studies participant's internal emotion cognition and changing mechanism. In this article, a color emotional design method based on eye movements and event‐related potentials is proposed. Participative behavior experiment, eye movement, and

The article focuses on wet‐milling of TiO2 in a vertical sand mill using naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand. The milling efficiency has been determined and compared for continuous wet‐milling experimental runs with zirconium silicate over silica sand. The particle size distribution and morphology of the milled TiO2 were evaluated. The properties and performance of zirconium silicate and silica

Evidence‐based colour interventions in the urban landscape are becoming more common in many countries and some have garnered the term “tactical urbanism”, defined as relatively low‐cost changes to the built environment intended to provide a quick solution to an urban environment challenge. This article reports on two proposed small‐scale colour interventions that aim to calm traffic, prioritize pedestrian

This study investigates the change in the color appearance of a small stimulus with a diameter of 0.5° presented at various locations along the vertical and horizontal meridians in the visual field. To determine the color appearance, the hue and saturation judgment method and the categorical color naming method were used. The results obtained using these two methods at 0° exhibit the same quality of

Colour theories abound in the literature and occur across diverse fields including art, design, physics, psychology, phenomenology, linguistics, and digital technology. Theoretical discourse and output in each of these fields tend to be characterized by differing ontological perspectives and epistemological traditions which in turn, have led to some confusion and misunderstanding when comparing diverse

Matching a porcelain restoration is a difficult task for both the dentist and the dental technician. In order to improve communication, it was suggested that a new previsualization technique with a new modeling liquid could be introduced. This study investigates the effect of this modeling liquid on color, translucency, and biaxial flexure strength on different types of veneering porcelain. A total

This study evaluated the stain resistance and surface roughness alteration of a CAD/CAM processed hybrid ceramic. Specimens were fabricated: 30 of resin‐based composite (RBC; Filtek Z350), 30 of ceramic (IPS emax Press) and 60 of hybrid ceramic (Lava Ultimate). Color, translucency (BYK Gardner), whiteness index for dentistry (WID) and surface roughness (Surftest SJ‐201P) measurements were made. Samples

The Farnsworth D‐15 test (D‐15) is commonly used to screen for moderate to severe congenital color vision deficiency. The aim of this study was to establish reliable D‐15 statistics for normal, deutan and protan subjects, and to investigate the different visual signals one can use to carry out the test, even in dichromats and rod monochromats. Six hundred and seventy‐four subjects were examined using

The main purpose of this study was to produce reliable, color assessment outcomes to examine the extent to which single and multi‐test protocols in use meet current clinical and occupational needs. The latter include the detection of small changes in chromatic sensitivity as the earliest signs of retinal and/or systemic disease, and the need to assess the class of color vision in congenital deficiency

Color vision tests and multi‐test protocols in current use often fail to detect small changes in red/green (RG) and yellow/blue (YB) color vision due to poor sensitivity. The tests also have low specificity. In this study, we examine how improved understanding of within‐ and inter‐subject variability in RG and YB color vision and accurate assessment of the differences in color thresholds between the

High dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut imagery has an established video ecosystem, spanning image capture to encoding and display. This drives the need for evaluating how image quality is affected by the multitudes of ecosystem parameters. The simplest quality metrics evaluate color differences on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis. In this article, we evaluate a series of these color difference metrics

Optimal colours for human vision occur on the boundary of a three‐dimensional object‐colour solid, and result from optimal reflectance spectra that take on only the values 0 and 1, with at most two transitions between those values. Different illuminants lead to different solids. If there are two illuminants and a single sensing device, then we can construct a six‐dimensional double object‐colour solid

Although color plays a crucial role in the demarcation of surfaces in the visual field, its role in depth perception is not well understood. Certain special effects of color on depth perception that arise from optical factors such as chromatic aberration (chromostereopsis) have been studied, but less is known about the role of perceptual factors of color in determining depth relations. The present

For continued good health, we are urged to design our meals around the colours of the rainbow. To answer the question “Why?” requires consideration of two evolutionary stories. These broadly are natural evolution, and evolution driven by the activities of human beings. For the first, we need to go back to the start of life on earth and think about pigments rather than colour. There are two major pigment

Finding an efficient way to understand individual colour preference is important to researchers and designers. This article compares three research strategies to test individual colour preference including two research experimental environments (online and laboratory) and two research methods (multiple choice for N‐alternative‐forced‐choice and multiple choice for rank‐order). Three psychophysical

Color in traditional decorative patterns is one of the most important characteristics that can not only be easily identified, but also be taken as a specific symbol of one country or nation. As most of the traditional color schemes are based on ancient aesthetics and wisdom, in order to make them more in line with the aesthetic cognition of modern consumers, an innovation of traditional color schemes

The unstable light source in the printing and dyeing environment would cause the change of fabric surface color and lead to serious color difference evaluation error. To solve this problem, a dyed fabric illumination estimation with regularized random vector functional link network (RRVFL) was proposed in this study. First, the Gray‐Edge framework is used to extract the color features of the sample

Variations in illumination lead to serious errors in the evaluation of chromatic aberration. We propose an illumination correction model based on the opposition‐based learning improved whale optimization algorithm for support vector regression optimization, named "OBL‐IWOA‐SVR." Because the initial population quality of the whale optimization algorithm has a significant impact on the solution speed

Lidars have many applications in different fields, including the field of Cultural Heritage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a scanning hyperspectral lidar prototype developed at ENEA Center of Frascati as a useful tool for colorimetric analysis when samples cannot be studied with standard contact instruments. A certified X‐Rite Color‐checker sample, consisting of 24 colored blocks with a

Recently, there has been interest in the development of colour palettes from images. Colour palettes have long been used by designers to communicate colours and their relationships but increasingly palettes are being derived automatically from digital images, concepts, or from a plethora of digital design tools online. Methods to predict differences between palettes are growing in popularity. This

Two psychophysical experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of grayscale image colorization models, and to verify the objective image quality metrics adopted in grayscale image colorization. Twenty representative grayscale images were colourized by four colorization models and three typical metrics, root mean square error (RMSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity

Appetites are strongly affected by the color of the food and it has been found that different colors can affect the brain reflexes that impact the appetite. In this study, event‐related potential was used as a measurement tool to detect brain wave responses to assess foods under different colors of light, and to compare the appetite performance of participants. The food samples were captured under

Augmented reality superimposes virtual objects onto a real environment, allowing humans to simultaneously see virtual objects and real environment. Such a viewing condition and the luminance relationship between virtual objects and real environments introduce new challenges in color appearance characterization. In this study, an augmented reality simulator was built and the human observers adjusted

The interaction between inks and substrates is critical during printing. Adhesion of the ink film is determined by the reciprocal interactions of polar and nonpolar (dispersive) components between polymer films and inks. The greater the similarity between the polar and dispersive components of inks, coating and substrates, the better the wetting and adhesion on the surface of printing substrate. Various

Conventional artificial color difference detection is error prone and inefficient. Herein, a novel color difference classification model is proposed for dyed fabrics via a kernel extreme learning machine based on an improved grasshopper optimization algorithm. First, in order to prevent the grasshopper optimization algorithm from succumbing to local optimality, it is proposed to optimize the initial

Color selection for a camouflage pattern is a substantial part in designing an effective camouflage pattern. Current color selection methods are often based on the prevailing colors of digital images captured from a scene. However, color extraction from digital images has shown a major difference between the pattern color and the real environment colors. In this article, we present a more precise approach

Although it is widely known that the foundation color gradually changes over time after applying the makeup, no scientific clues are available, thereby remaining the “darkening” phenomenon equivocal. This study measured the discoloration of liquid foundations and suggested indices to describe the discoloration over time. Four liquid foundations were applied to opacity charts with a thickness of 100 μm

Color appearance models were developed to characterize the color attributes of stimuli under different viewing conditions based on data collected through magnitude estimation or color matching experiments. Although human beings experience very high light levels under daylight and the reproduction of colors under daylight is important in the color and imaging industries, the existing color appearance

Metamerism is a critical color phenomenon which can cause serious problems for products assembled by various parts. Customers generally expect all parts are color‐matched under different observing conditions. This article extends the concepts of illuminant and observer metamerism to observing‐condition metamerism, that is, objects are color‐matched under one observing condition but not under others

A well‐known color characterization method is to take an image of a color chart and then to find the mapping matrix from the digital RGBs to the corresponding known CIEXYZs. However, the prediction errors are generally large in CIELAB color space because of the nonlinear transformation from CIEXYZs to CIELABs. In this article, we propose an efficient and simple nonlinear method for the color characterization

A new multi‐illuminant synthetic image test set called MIST is described and made publicly available. MIST is intended primarily for evaluating illumination estimation and color constancy methods, but additional data are provided to make it useful for other computer vision applications as well. MIST addresses the problem found in most existing real‐image datasets, which is that the groundtruth illumination

Underwater images are affected by scattering of dust particles leading to hazy images. The difference in absorption of light at different wavelength leads to colorcast. Restoring underwater images from haze and colorcast degradation is a challenging task. This article proposes color corrected single scale retinex algorithm for the restoration of hazy and colorcast underwater images. Further, the illumination

This multicenter study evaluated the effect of harmonizing spectrophotometric (d/8°) color measurements by using actual dental materials of clinically relevant thickness and translucency as “calibration tiles.” Ten tooth‐colored, 1‐mm thick, resin‐ and ceramic‐based materials were tested at the coordinating center (CC) and six research sites (RS). Correction factors were calculated for each material

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an experimental gel that contained 6% hydrogen peroxide, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and chitosan nanoparticles with that of the two bleaching agents that are routinely used and evaluate their effectiveness in a 3‐month period. Seventy‐two extracted premolar teeth were divided into three groups for the bleaching procedure. TiO2 and chitosan were added to

Investigation of ink formulation options with the purpose to obtain color‐gamut‐optimal set of Cyan Magenta and Yellow CMY inks is reported. Implementation of the thickness dependent Kubelka‐Munk model on multiple ink layers having different and well‐defined thicknesses, provides characteristic absorption and scattering (K, S) spectra of the ink ingredients. These data enable accurate computation of

Recently, it has become possible to examine the suitability of cosmetic products by virtual makeup techniques so that shoppers can buy products online. The virtual makeup can also be utilized at offline stores to prevent possible sanitation problems associated with swatching. Faithful color reproduction is one of the most important factors in virtual makeup applications. Thus, the color difference

The physical evidence is influential on the consumer's attitude, quality perception, and purchasing behavior. The service atmosphere within the physical evidence scope is an element that requires huge investments. Together with low‐cost small changes, the physical environment could be rendered much more attractive to the consumer. Color and light are among the elements that are suitable for these changes

The colorimetric analysis of food has gained much popularity in the last few decades. The present study reports the development of a low‐cost food color quality testing and process monitoring system. The proposed device consists of a hardware and a software (Color Magic) combination, which may allow the hardware to be used either for quality testing or process monitoring applications. In the quality‐testing

With the gradual refinement of urban space in China, the aesthetic quality of the urban visual environment has been getting more attention. Urban colour, one of the visual aesthetic elements, is a significant carrier of urban characteristics, sociocultural and history in cultural policies. As a type of cultural capital, it provides creative methods to approach problems of economic, environmental, social

This study presents a practice‐based research project to develop a colour tool prototype intended to convey colour research to design practice. Both the prototype design and its evaluation by experts are described. A web‐based prototype for a colour tool was cocreated with eight experienced designers and brand managers. The developed prototype is a visual and interactive website that predominantly

Many foods are subject to browning by heat treatment or long storage times. Either if it is a sign of quality decrease or a desirable feature, it is necessary to characterize fully the color of what is perceived as “brown.” In this paper, we define three stages of browning in foods, ranging from yellow, reddish‐brown to dark brown, showing that the commonly employed indexes are not sufficient to describe

The North Bund is located in the southern riverside of Hongkou District, Shanghai, characterized by rich historical architecture. The yellows make up a large proportion, followed by the reds and neutrals. The auxiliary and interspersed colors center round the reds, neutrals, followed by the yellows. Dominant and auxiliary colors fall into the category of high and mid‐high brightness and the interspersed

Color analysis is a critical approach used to analyze the quality properties of fruits, particularly in tracing the ripening stage through the peel color of the fruits. In this study, the color features of natural and untreated tropical fruit juice images (ie, B10 Averrhoa carambola L. and Sala mango) were correlated with the pH of the juice samples. The CIELAB color characteristics of the fruits showed

Articles from a broad search of the literature dating from 1704 are cited and described briefly in order to provide an overview of complementary colors and associated research areas, especially chromatic induction (ie, complementary afterimages) as the principal research area. The literature shows that complementary colors have roles in all aspects of color appearance and color vision. Forty specific

In 2018, Shanghai launched a campaign to renovate the façade of old residential areas. With the renovation of the façade of these residential buildings, problems such as chaotic colors, dull colors, and strongly conflicting colors of walls have increasingly occurred. In this article, the color data of building samples were obtained by field investigation and the color attribute grading evaluation of

We investigated minimally required uniformity of refrigerator lighting for comfortable use while maintaining the perceived lighting quality. Two experimental conditions were set depending on having or not having the storage items. In both conditions, 12 luminance uniformity levels were provided in a refrigerator. A total of 33 women participated and assessed the lighting stimuli to judge the perceptibility

A recent development in tactile technology enables an improvement in the appreciation of the visual arts for people with visual impairment (PVI). The tactile sense, in conjunction with, or a possibly as an alternative to, the auditory sense, would allow PVIs to approach artwork in a more self‐driven and engaging way that would be difficult to achieve with just an auditory stimulus. Tactile colour pictograms

Colour design in mental healthcare environments is acutely significant. Sensory acuity may be impaired through age, illness, or heightened stress and anxiety. While research has played a role in the development of guidance on the use of colour in such environments, this article suggests that this tends to be followed in a dogmatic, risk‐averse manner and predominately without professional design input

Pattern‐driven design method is an important data‐driven design method for printed fabric motif design in textiles and clothing industry. We introduce a novel framework for automatic design of color patterns in real‐world fabric motif images. The novelty of our work is to formulate the recognition of an underlying color pattern element as a spatial, multi‐target tracking, classification, segmentation

The use of color and lighting as factors for adapting the housing of the elderly is tending to develop, in response to demographic data on the aging of the population and its impact on lifestyles. Adapting the environment for those over 60 years has become a national issue for public policy. So this article takes stock of the studies carried out on this issue. We have to review all the literature devoted

The Color of the Year was first introduced by Pantone in 2000, and recently (the last decade) we saw the trend of introducing a Color of the Year being picked up by more and more companies. Paints and coatings companies typically select their colors of the year by extensive research by designers and trend experts, resulting in a plurality of colors being introduced as Color of the Year, every year

Reconstruction of spectral information based on multi‐channel image system is a significant problem in color reproduction, detection, and recognition. A spectral radiance reconstruction from trichromatic digital camera responses is researched in this article. The mapping relationship between the trichromatic imaging system response and the incident spectral radiance is analyzed. Then, in order to remove

Often associated with acts of vandalism, graffiti can also be identified with the so‐called street art movement. Moreover, in the historical context of visual arts from the 20th and 21st century, graffiti spray paints feature among the materials employed in the work of representative artists such as Lucio Fontana, Richard Hamilton, Yves Klein, or David Alfaro Siqueiros. In this study, a large number

In this work, the extraction of significant features of Persian carpet patterns was studied. Four aesthetic related features were extracted for a collection of Persian carpet images. To this purpose, a set of 134 color images of three different categories of traditional Persian designs, named “Afshan,” “Lachak Toranj,” and “Torkaman” were collected. At first, the PHOG (Pyramid of Histogram of Orientation

We propose a general framework to study the relationship between the price of a painting and its color‐related attributes. To this end we focus on four key aspects: dominant colors, features of the color palette, color harmony, and color emotions. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach with an example based on Mark Rothko's post‐1950 paintings (the “rectangular” series), and auction data from

A novel instrumental method for the light fastness assessment has been established. The accuracy of the visual method is affected by undesirable constraints, such as the different severity and the complications due to off‐tone color change of the specimens. Thus, it was desired to develop an instrumental method of the light fastness assessment. In this regard, a neural network‐based instrumental method

Research on the correlation between the initial pupillary light reflex, the perceptual brightness, and the excitations of the photoreceptors was performed for unrelated self‐luminous 10° stimuli at low photopic light levels (5 to 80 cd/m2). All stimuli were optically characterized using a spectroradiometer. For determining the pupillary diameter, an Eye Tracker was used. The perceived brightness was