The Bezold effect is described as the modification in the visual perception of an object, caused by the surrounding area. Perceptual effects like this have an important role in the interpretation of colors and shapes. Industrial sectors where the appearance of products is an essential factor of success are very much conditioned by these effects. So far, the evaluation of the Bezold effect has been

The research on citizens' color preference is an important prerequisite for the scientific formulation of urban color planning. Color preferences are normally identified over the Internet or through questionnaire surveys and adjective descriptions. But the analysis has its limitations due to the uncertainty of color descriptions. Based on the quantitative analysis of the three attributes of hue, blackness

The aim of this study is to measure color changes caused by two regenerative protocols over 3 months, and the effectiveness of internal bleaching. Twenty extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were used. The apex and canal were prepared to reproduce immature teeth. Teeth were divided: group 1: Triple-antibiotic-paste was applied for 3 weeks and then changed for blood until 3 months. Group 2: Blood

Sometimes it is said that white is not a color but “the sum of all colors.” Surely this confusion comes from considering colors only those that appear in the spectrum. If these were the only colors, then magenta would neither be a color, nor do brown and other colors that do not have a specific wavelength, but are produced by a mixture of different wavelengths. Contradictorily, white often appears

In spite of color being one of the physicochemical parameters most commonly used to characterize a rock, very limited studies have studied the correlation between the nature, chemical composition, and color of a rock. This study presents a new approach for quantitatively assessing the relationship between these three parameters for specific rocks (example of igneous and sedimentary rocks) collected

We have described a number of transformations by mapping the cone signal vector , formed by , to opponent space , formed by achromatic signal , red-green signal and yellow-blue signal . Two new transformations, and , are proposed, based on the CIE 2006 spectral luminous efficiency function, , and Hurvich's opponent spectral red-green and yellow-blue responses, and , without and with constraints, respectively

Underwater image processing is a vast area of research to identify blurred objects in the ocean or sea environments. The light absorbed and scattered by the underwater medium create artifacts in the acquired images due to low-light effects, poor visibility, darkness, illumination variation, and color contrast degradation. In this research work, a novel optical image preprocessing framework was proposed

The p-aramid fiber is mostly used in high tech applications such as protective clothing, cut resistant gloves, heat resistant suits, etc. due to its extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. On the other hand, it loses its strength upon exposure to UV (ultraviolet) light. The main purpose of this work is to optimize p-aramid fabrics dyeing with disperse dyes and study the impact of dye on its

The purpose of this study was to assess the coverage error and the coverage error percentage for two common commercial dental shade guides named VITA classical A1-D4 shade guide and VITA Toothguide 3D-MASTER. Totally, 197 dental students with intact maxillary anterior teeth were randomly selected to participate in the study. CIELAB values of the teeth were measured with a spectrophotometer. The teeth

This study investigated the effect of age and application type on the color design of user interfaces for children's applications. We collected 223 popular children's applications from the Apple App Store, focusing on children of three age groups (3-5, 6-8, and 9-11 years old). There were two types of applications: educational applications and game applications. To explore further and compare the differences

This article offers an alternative methodological approach to the exploration of subjective experiences by studying individuals' personal views of perceived colours. The study aims to investigate the construals of individuals related to perceived colours using an idiographic approach. The subjective approach proposed is based on the theory of personal construct psychology and the methodology of the

Indigo blue is a natural organic color from the Indigofera tinctoria plant. It is insoluble in water and does not require mordant to fix the color; therefore, due to its nature it can be considered as a pigment or dye. The identification of indigo in cultural heritage is very difficult due to the complexity of its chemical formula and the changes that it can undergo in certain conservation and exposition

Contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) have been typically measured under persistent adaptation to a uniform background. However, this is an unusual situation, considering that visual scenes in our daily lives are typically filled by objects of various luminance levels in a wide dynamic range. We investigated the interactions between the luminance range of textured adapting background and test luminance

The color of an object appears different from its true color when illuminated with light sources of different hues. To solve this problem, this article proposes a combination algorithm (SCA-GWO-LSSVR) based on the sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) and the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to optimize the regression prediction model of the least-squares support vector regression (LSSVR) algorithm. The

This study explored and identified the effects of luminance contrast and color combinations on icon cognitive performance. A total of 50 participants took part in the experiment. As designed, icon cognitive performance was measured as a function of the following independent variables: 4 levels of luminance contrast, 16 target/background color combinations. Experiment A showed that a luminance contrast

Under the circumstance of perceptual consumption, it is still challenging to grasp consumer's emotions and demands due to the large search space, diversified preferences, and easy fatigue of consumers. To reduce user fatigue and enlarge search space, a novel method was presented to design and optimize the pattern of yarn-dyed plaid fabric using the isolation niche genetic algorithm and rough set theory

Material appearance is an important factor in product design because it tends to attract consumers. Effect coatings that contain aluminum and interference pigments are widely used in automobiles. The color and sparkle values of these coatings vary with the observation angle. Several methods have been proposed to study these variations with respect to the observation angle. However, a high angular resolution

Tongue color is one of the important indices for tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aims to analyze tongue colors of computational tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine using scientific quantification and computational simulation. The tongue color data are established according to the experiment in which the doctors who use Chinese traditional medicine assessed

For digital camera-based spectra recovery, the spectral reflectance of the object being imaged always needs to be accurately recovered using training samples from available database. Considering the heavy workload when using all samples in database as training samples in practice, a new representative samples selection method is proposed for efficient digital camera-based spectra recovery based on

A visual art technique first described in an early issue of CR&A is discussed here in the way it has been modified to expand its practicality. As a first-of-its-kind application of additive color mixture in the two-dimensional visual arts, the fluorescent mosaic technique is considered in terms of its historical context, and its conceptual and technical development are presented as it grew out of an

The trichromatic principles of additive and subtractive color mixture have been the foundation of the color reproduction technologies for about 130 years. Yet, today, they remain a poorly understood phenomenon in much of the fine art world as well as the general public. Part of the problem stems from a lack of a simple, effective, widely accessible method for presenting additive color mixtures. This

Plant color landscape plays an important role in improving the quality of visual landscapes, regulating the emotion of landscape space, and highlighting the characteristics of urban landscapes. How to reasonably quantify and create rich plant color landscapes to achieve the best visual perception of the plant color landscape at different visual scales, so as to better meet the aesthetic needs of the

Yarn-dyed fabric is often woven from warp and weft yarns in the same color depth to ensure a uniform color appearance. The difference in color depth between warp and weft tends to result in the uneven color of the yarn-dyed fabric. This article aims to establish a color tolerance for yarn-dyed fabric that can be woven with a qualified color appearance but from the warp and weft yarns in different color

Patients with adult spinal deformities, often suffer from the physical shortcomings of rigid braces and psychological hurdles of traditional rigid bracing treatment. The color of flexible braces is a physical element that influences user perception and treatment acceptance. This study aims to investigate the affective valence and preferences of patients with adult spinal deformities toward contextless

The aim of this research was to assess the color differences (∆E00), Vickers microhardness, whiteness index, and surface roughness values of different durations of bleaching the enamel. One hundred and eight teeth were utilized for color evaluation, roughness, and microhardness (n = 36). Teeth were assigned to three groups (n = 12) based on the durations of the bleaching application. Bleaching agent

Petroleum-based solvents and synthetic resins are used as raw materials for the production of varnish, which is one of the main components of offset printing inks. These petrochemical compounds that are released to the surrounding in printing process demonstrates harmful effects on environment and human health. In the light of these facts, this study was carried out to investigate the use of renewable

Even in these challenging times, cardboard packaging industry is increasing its revenue with stable annual increase prediction, but customers are increasing demands on the packaging with respect to environmental protection, attractiveness, and branding. This article aims to determine the influence of image processing in terms of gray component replacement and overprint varnishing on the color reproduction

The carpet industry is no longer a small business done in the villages on a small scale; instead, it has carved an altogether different space, identity, and appreciation for itself in the cosmopolitan world. As computers are is becoming more and more ubiquitous, most industries, including the carpet industry, use computers for quality improvement, accuracy enhancement, speed development, and cost reduction

Many studies have been conducted on the phenomenon of color preference, with the aim of identifying the key color preferences. Most of the previous studies have been placing blue in the most preferred position and green-yellow in the least preferred position. This study was conducted online and aims to showcase new color preference trends in the digital age. The colors selected for this study were

A study by Gao et al found that the Newton method may not converge for certain combinations of the photopic luminance and the ratio of scotopic and photopic luminance for computing the adaptation coefficient m, for the CIE MES2 system for mesopic photometry. Hence, they proposed to use the Bisection-Newton method. In this short note, we propose the Newton method with a new initial guess for computing

The color depth, an important attribute of color, can reflect the amount of dye partly, which has important functions on the evaluation of color-fastness and strength of dyes, dyeing effect of fabric, computer color matching, and so on. Natural Color System, an internationally accepted color system, orders colors by three parameters (blackness, chromaticness, and hue). The color depth has not been

By using spectral loss simulation, it was found that six spectral bands are needed to produce a daylight simulator with good performance. The optimization model for both Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage metamerism index and luminous efficacy (LE) of light-emitting diode (LED) daylight simulator (LDS) was developed. The optimal LDSs with AA grade for D50, D55, D65, and D75 illuminants should

Discrepancies often exist between visual assessment and instrumental assessment. These are due to different geometries with which samples are viewed or measured: In visual observation at the window or in the light booth, the sample panels are usually moved up and down. This changes the angle of illumination and observation. The current measuring devices have a fixed illumination.

Illumination estimation is the essential step of computational color constancy, one of the core parts of various image processing pipelines of modern digital cameras. Having an accurate and reliable illumination estimation is important for reducing the illumination influence on the image colors. To motivate the generation of new ideas and the development of new algorithms in this field, two challenges

The goal of this study is to develop quantitative metrics for evaluating color tracking and gray tracking in a color display. Chromaticity consistency of red, green, or blue shades is color tracking, while chromaticity consistency of gray shades is gray tracking. Gray tracking and color tracking are the most important colorimetric responses of a color display because they directly indicate the color

The aim of this investigation is to assess effect of three different bleaching techniques on structural integrity, mineral density and volume of enamel via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and examine color changes by CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas. Twenty-four upper premolar teeth were randomly separated into three different groups (n = 8) (group 1, 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel with Er,Cr:YSGG

Color combination criteria are said to entail an affective response in interior design. We investigated the color combination criteria that orient the preference of current observers, after Le Corbusier's 1931 Salubra keyboards. We explored the similarity/contrast in Natural Color System (NCS) hue, blackness, and chromaticness in 312 combinations with four colors, two backgrounds and two accent colors

The main purpose of this study was to examine whether we could find a color bizarreness effect in object memory. Given robust results that objects with bizarre shapes are remembered better than those with common shapes, we would also expect to find a color bizarreness effect. In experiment 1, as in most studies of bizarreness effects, participants were presented pictures one by one in the learning

In this article, a dual seven-primary lighting system is constructed for color research and education. The system offers sufficient spectral variability to approximate the spectral power distribution of a variety of standard illuminants. More importantly, the constructed multiprimary lighting system was verified to have crucial advantages over conventional displays/projectors to probe observer metamerism

Under the current COVID-19 global pandemic, most of the world is operating online, which has increased the importance of better understanding the perceived color quality of video conference calls. We performed two experiments to evaluate the white balance appearance preference for images simulating a scene from a video conference call where a person is using a virtual background. Due to the dissimilarities

Photocatalytic oxidation is one of the main factors leading to the aging damage of Chinese traditional dyes and pigments. In this study, in order to analyze the photoaging characteristics of traditional dyes and pigments commonly used in Chinese cultural relics in different environments, we used traditional Chinese painting pigments to make colored paper samples, and used traditional dye extraction

Dyeing of silk fabric was carried with curcumin, extracted from turmeric, which is known for its yellow colour and antioxidant properties. Design expert Box-Behnken design (BBD) model was employed to perform dyeing experiments on silk fabric with curcumin dye. The dyed fabrics were characterized for its functional properties by colour measurement as K/S values, antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and

The chromaticity diagram associated with the 1931 2° CIE color-matching functions is shown to be slightly non-convex. While having no impact on practical colorimetric computations, the non-convexity does have a significant impact on the shape of some optimal object color reflectance distributions located on the outer surface of the object color solid. Instead of the usual two-transition Schrödinger

In conservation and cleaning of historical paintings, the use of water was discouraged because of its effects in terms of swelling and leaching of pictorial materials and of color modification. Nevertheless, water can represent a good substitute of organic solvents and of other tools recently employed for cleaning and restoration. The research article assesses the wetting characteristics and to quantifies

Few sources of red (anthraquinoids) and blue (indigoids) dyes were used in pre-Hispanic textiles from different cultures, periods, and areas in the South-Central Andes. Yellow dyes have been shown to be mainly flavonoids. Since flavonoids exhibit wide color variations, ample distribution dependent on biogeographical region, and species-specific patterns, color variation in yellow-dyed textiles and

One of the most important subjects of digital printing is evaluation of color gamut mapping. A printer can only reproduce colors that are in its color gamut. Maybe, a color tolerance between reference sample and printed sample is in agreement between manufacturer and customer. The goal of this work is to estimate the expansion of the color gamut of an inkjet textile printer by consideration of the

Colors play an essential role in brand image, especially in brand logos. The extant research has mainly focused on the hue and ignoring the saturation. The current research has provided a new insight that logos with high saturated colors could help brands to increase intimacy with customers and further benefit the brand image. A series of studies tested the effect of color saturation on the brand's

We studied skin color in participants before and after a 100‐m sprint using a Konica Minolta CM‐2600d spectrophotometer. Four body positions (forehead, cheek, neck, and inner forearm) were measured for the approximately 30 students (non‐professional runners) who participated in the experiment. Skin reflectance was measured three times at each position before running and again soon afterward. Analysis

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of frequently consumed beverages on the color stability and surface properties of direct and indirect dental composite materials. The two dental composite materials (direct and indirect) and four beverages (distilled water, tea, coffee, cola) were assessed. The specimens were prepared for evaluating monomer conversion, water sorption, and

In order to make a color assessment for micron‐grade materials such as a single fiber, a non‐destructive and push‐broom microscopic hyperspectral imaging system (MHIS) was set up consisting of a stereomicroscope, an imaging spectrograph, and a digital detector. The performance of this system for acquiring accurate and repeatable information, such as spectral and colorimetric values, was investigated

Color or shade fading is one of the major issues observed in decorative paints. Here we have carried out a systematic artificial weathering study using QUV and ATLAS weathering test chambers for Pigment Yellow 74 (PY 74). Pigment dispersion of PY 74 received from three different manufacturers are prepared. Various factors, such as the processing parameter, for example, grinding temperature (with and

The veneer industry is widely used in many countries of the world. Properties such as obtaining curved surfaces, concealing defects, usability in different designs, and patterns can be counted as the main advantages of veneers compared to solid wood. Although advanced production and quality control systems have developed in coating production, the number of countries where traditional production methods

Two questions are mainly discussed in this article: (a) how the shape of color order systems is related to different types of chromatic mixtures, and (b) how the opacity or transparency (an aspect of cesia) of the coloring media involved in the mixtures define the results, beyond the established categories of additive, partitive, and subtractive mixtures. The degree of transparency, translucency, or

In the 15th century, the miniaturists of the Timurid court in Herat conceive colors that seem to be made of pure light, without weight and volume. Their luminous colors synthesize a unique worldview from the anti‐materialistic teachings of Mani, the Sufi “world of imagination” and the alchemists' principles of transmutation. Five centuries later, our digital technologies seem to offer us such disembodied

Façade integrated photovoltaics are a promising way to employ renewable energy technology in the built environment. The colours of façade integrated photovoltaics are essential to the overall aesthetic quality of buildings, especially in urban context. Currently, several brands of coloured photovoltaics are available in the market for architects, however, unlike traditional façade materials, the colorimetric

This article aims to study the role of coloured installation in the urban regeneration processes. The urban colour designs are fundamental for many reasons: the environmental quality and the human wellbeing, the space valorization and the wayfinding. In this focus the colour, the material and the interaction play an important role. Some of most interesting installations in the world are made by generative

In textile design, the characteristics of a textured surface are the result of the properties of the materials, the textile techniques used, and the colour mixtures associated with each technique. The perception of colour on textured textiles is dependent on the angles of viewing and incidence of light on the surface. Accordingly, when analyzing the perception of the colour of pile textiles such as