The novel reconfigurable modular production system is expected to be the next breakthrough in pharmaceutical manufacturing. In these systems, the target product can be manipulated by changing the modules active on a certain production line, but optimal scheduling is a challenging problem because the on-demand operation of the modular system involves sequence-dependent changeover time/cost and competition

The implementation of nonlinear control depends on the accuracy of the system model, which, however, is often restricted by parametric and structural uncertainty in the underlying dynamics. In this paper, we propose methods of estimating parameters and states that aim at matching the identified model and the true dynamics not only in the direct output measurements, i.e., in an L2-sense, but also in

When available core samples are limited, logging data becomes important in the lithology classification. For different lithologies, the distribution of logging data usually overlap each other, which increases the solution multiplicity of a single spatial point. The modeling of lithologic sequences depending on the vertical spatial relationship can reduce this multiplicity. To improve the modeling ability

Water flooding is the most widely used method to enhance oil recovery. Simulating the influence of particle content on fluid flow in water flooding process can provide instructive significance for oilfield development. In this paper, a pore network model was established to simulate the transport process of particles in injected water and fallen particles from the reservoir. It was used to study the

Strength and leak tests of newly constructed or modified pipeline sections or piping assemblies are required by code. This is often conducted by pressurizing incompressible medium, such as water, water-methanol or water-propylene glycol (PG) mixtures while the system is sealed. Major challenges are invariably encountered with leak tests, which rely on correlating changes in the test pressure to the

Fluid-driven granular transport is involved in many important geomorphological processes and industrial applications such as unconventional hydrocarbon recovery. Yet it remains challenging to fully understand the granular transport mechanisms in confined geometries. By performing simulations based on a coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) approach, we systematically

An integrated knowledge of the sedimentological data, petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics significantly enhances the understanding of the reservoir properties, leading to a reliable subsurface modeling. This work presents a comprehensive reservoir assessment of the prolific Triassic Argilo-Gréseux Inférieur (TAGI) sandstones of the Hassi Berkine South (HBNS) field, Southeastern Algeria

Source-rock evaluation must start by first characterizing thermal maturity. The concept of thermal maturation or thermal decomposition is a well-defined quantitative modelling of kinetic parameters to explain the generation and expulsion of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons from sedimentary source rocks. However, unlike coal and shale source rocks, carbonate source rocks are emerging source rocks and

Water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs), a more environment-friendly candidate than oil-based are widely used for drilling oil and gas wells. However, wellbore instability due to active clay minerals in the shales is considered a major problem faced by the WBDFs due to swelling and hydration. Several types of shale inhibitors have been proposed by researchers to help combat the menace posed by these active

The accidental releases of pressurized liquefied gases from tanks involve violent phase transformation, which would generate two-phase releases and flashing jets. To investigate the evolution of leakage behaviors and make an analysis of near-field jet flow characteristics, a small-scale liquefied gas release experiment has been established. Leakage holes with different length-diameter ratio (LDR) have

As a renewable fuel, the application of biomass fuel gets more and more attention. Fire and explosion are the main safety problems in the biomass fuel storage process. The characteristic parameters and kinetic analysis of pyrolysis and combustion are significant to guide the safe storage of biomass fuel. In this work, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to obtain the pyrolysis and combustion

This research aims to deduce new simple empirical equations for applying Griffin's method for the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance (HLB) to calculate the percentages of three to five emulsifiers used as an emulsifier mixture to form a stable emulsion. To achieve this aim, various types of oils, emulsifiers, and other additives (i.e. corrosion inhibitor and biocide) were used in emulsions formation for

Aluminium production through the Hall‐Héroult process relies on an extensive use of carbon anodes, which are originally made of coal tar pitch and fine and coarse carbon particles. During the forming process of green anodes, the mixture of the fine particles and the coal‐tar pitch (i.e., the binder matrix) moves between the coarse particles and produces a uniform agglomerated paste. The efficiency

The maturation of the bioprocessing industry is driving the desire to reduce manufacturing costs through process intensification. Here we discuss the motivation for more productive upstream perfusion processes and the implications for downstream purification. The focus of the article is how to optimize the downstream process chromatography steps based on perfusion upstream. A range of different chromatography

Winemaking is a water‐intensive operation; it is estimated that 70% of the water input is downgraded, mainly via cleaning processes, to wastewater. The quality and the quantity of the waste effluents vary considerably due to the seasonal operation of wineries and the diversity of winemaking technologies applied. High organic load, acidic pH, significant polyphenolic content, and residual concentration

The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study that compares the results from a consequence‐based facility siting study (FSS) limited to a specified release size as the maximum credible event (MCE) versus a risk‐based study with a range of release sizes and associated frequencies. The results are intended to highlight potential differences in the building siting decisions made using a consequence‐based

Mathematical modelling is very useful for realizing a full-scale simulation of the ironmaking process in a blast furnace (BF). A continuum model is proposed for this purpose here, which couples the elasticity, flow rheology, diffusion and segregation of binary granular materials. This model is shown to reproduce the flow patterns of BF like the deadman, converging zone and plugging zone, in both concentric

An asymmetric anchor impeller was proposed to improve mixing performance of anchor-type impellers by reducing unmixed regions, where materials transport is limited. Dynamical structures of various anchor-type impellers were analyzed systematically with numerical Poincaré sections and flow visualization. Design parameters of basic anchor-type impellers, such as the blade width, the position and width

Drag model is of critical importance for CFD simulation of flow characteristics in bubble columns. In this study, a novel drag model termed DBS-Local for the ratio of effective drag coefficient to bubble diameter is derived from the Dual-Bubble-Size (DBS) model based on Energy-Minimization Multi-Scale (EMMS). A thorough comparison demonstrates that without adjustable parameters, both the DBS-Local

Although the minimum ignition temperature is an important safety characteristic and of practical relevance in industrial processes, actually only standard operation procedures are available for pure substances and single-phase values. Nevertheless, combinations of substances or mixtures are used in industrial processes and up to now it is not possible to provide a standardised minimum ignition temperature

Manifolds are critical to the performance of different membrane-based technologies. These stack components distribute the inlet and outlet flow with the aim of providing a homogenous flow pattern inside the spacer-filled channels. This work analyzes the role of manifolds on the flow pattern within the channels of membrane stacks used primarily for electrodialysis and acid-base flow batteries. First

Yolk-shell magnetic porous organic nanospheres (MPONs) supported Pd nanoparticles (Pd@MPONs) were synthesized by encapsulating Fe3O4 and Pd nanoparticles in one cavity of hollow porous organic nanospheres (HPONs) using a continuous “ship-in-bottle” strategy. The obtained Pd@MPONs possessed a hierarchically micro/mesoporous structure, high surface area (354 m2/g) and displayed excellent magnetic response

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to determine the effect of sub-micron fibre web layers on sound absorption properties when they are placed on rigid substrate and flexible substrate. Elastomeric thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and composite TPU/PS (polystyrene) sub-micron fibre webs with both rigid glass fibre fabric reinforced epoxy composites (GFEC) and flexible polypropylene (PP) spunbond nonwovens

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. In recent years microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip havecome to the forefront in diagnostics and detection [...]

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has emerged as a promising biomarker for the early prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI). The production of recombinant NGAL is considered to be necessary for the development of a detection method. This study intended to express the recombinant NGAL protein in 293T cell under the Tet-On inducible system and human serum albumin signal sequence (HSA-SS)

Confined plunging jets are investigated as potential outfalls for the discharge of desalination brine. Compared to offshore submerged outfalls that rely on momentum to induce mixing, plunging jets released above the water surface utilize both momentum and negative buoyancy. Plunging jets also introduce air into the water column, which can reduce the possibility of hypoxic zones. In contrast to unconfined