A nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) uses engineered features to classify the quality of currently combusting coal as it is fired in an operating electric utility generator. The SVM classification result selects a unique neural network regression model to predict NOx emission rate. A two-part exhaustive grid-search and 5-fold cross-validation routine identifies the radial basis kernel as optimal

Uncertainty in operating parameters such as temperature undermines the reliability of using kinetic models in performance projections for plants operated under ambient non-isothermal conditions. This study develops a theoretical framework, which uses process kinetics, uncertainty quantification to define robust operating limits known as self-optimizing attainable regions, where by instead of defining

This study presents an approach for optimal design and control of large-scale applications under uncertainty. The trust region method is employed in this work to perform optimal process design. To alleviate the complexity and nonlinearity of the problem, the method attempts to solve a series of bounded optimization problems around the worst-case scenario using surrogate models such as Power Series

The coupling between inorganic semiconductor metal oxide and nanocarbon material is a proper route to fabricate efficient electrochemical sensors. Herein, the electrocatalytic oxidation, detection of nitrite ions (NO2−) is investigated using reduced graphene oxide/mesoporous zinc oxide (rGO/ZnO) nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The mesoporous ZnO and rGO were prepared via a modified

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modified with maleic acid was coated on polyethersulfone (PES) substrate as sub-layer to improve the water solubilization and salt rejection of forward osmosis (FO) membrane. Graphene oxide (GO) was added to the active layer (prepared by interfacial polymerization of ammonia monomer and acyl chloride monomer) to form nanochannels between GO and polymer matrix

The study investigates the effect of the addition of phenyl phosphine oxide (DAPPO) with acrylate functionality, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) (acr-POSS) with acrylate functionality and 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyl acrylate (PFOA) on the superhydrophobicity and fire-resistance of photo-curable urethane-acrylate coatings. The addition of DAPPO to urethane-acrylate (50 wt.%) improved flame

The treatment of acid mine wastewater containing Fe(II) and Mn(II) has been a hot topic in a long time. This paper studied the treatment of acid mine wastewater by the electro-Fenton process. First, the effect of key parameters including initial current intensity (50−300 mA), plate spacing (0.5–3.0 cm), and initial pH (3.0–5.0), aeration rate (0−200 mL/min) were studied. Based on these results, the

The existence of calcium and nickel in crude oil causes serious damage to oil processing equipment and reduces the quality of products. These metals are extremely hard to remove as they exist in form of stable oil-soluble complexes. If they could be removed during the electric desalination process, economic benefits will be greatly improved. The current study thus aimed to seek clean and non-corrosive

Injection of surfactants solutions is the most promise in chemical oil recovery method for the reduction of the remaining oil in a reservoir at the end of its exploitation. Surfactant adsorption in a porous media is one of the main issues because an important amount of surfactant tends to adsorb on the surface of the grains of sand and clay, and this can limit its capacity of reducing the interfacial

Fluid behaviour in nanoscale pores may significantly deviate from that in its bulk state, because pore-wall effects may have critical influences on fluid properties such that its behaviour becomes surface-controlled. Geologically, study of fluid flow with phase transition (condensation/evaporation) in nanoscale pores is of considerable significance in practice, as understandings of the relevant mechanisms

With the rapid development of oil and gas well production techniques, perforation technologies have made rapid progress, accompanied by perforation safety problems has become an important challenge in the field operation. The shock loads generated during perforating have a strong impact on downhole tools as well as perforation fluid, which poses a threat to the safety of downhole perforating string

Worldwide increase demand for oil and gas led to an evolution in drilling techniques that maximize oil and gas production such as inclined, multilateral, and long horizontal drilling. The interaction of the drilling fluid and mud filtration with the penetrated formation is very critical and very important to be evaluated especially in the case of horizontal drilling where the drilling operation may

The investigation of the Nyalau Formation and its offshore equivalents (Cycles I and I) using 1D-basin modeling was carried to evaluate the timing and maturity aspects of their petroleum system. The Nyalau Formation and its offshore equivalents show a very remarkable source rock sequence for oil and gas in the Sarawak Basin. About twenty typical samples of the Nyalau Formation, with its maturity range

Dead oil viscosity is one of the most unreliable properties to predict with classical black oil correlations. This results mostly from the large effect that oil type has on viscosity. Two dead oil samples with identical APIs (https://www.eia.gov/today), (https://en.wikipedia.org/a) and can have even an order of magnitude difference in viscosity at the same temperature (Dindoruk and Christman, 2004)

The dome roof tank (DRT) is always a main equipment for oil products storage. However, the mechanism of the heat and mass transfer for the oil vapor-air in the tank gas space remains unclear when the DRT is subjected to the solar radiation. Therefore, by considering storage conditions (e.g., the solar radiation intensity and liquid height) and taking n-hexane as a representative of light oils, and

Sensitivity analysis is required for the different geological settings of methane hydrate–bearing reservoirs in order to understand the effect of reservoir parameters (such as permeability, porosity, sediment grain density) as well the role of production parameters (such as injection rate, injected fluid salinity) during methane production. In this study, a sensitivity analysis was conducted using

During large-scale multistage hydraulic fracturing in shale-gas wells, the cement sheath loses its integrity easily because of repeated temperature and pressure variations in the wellbore. This is likely to form a potential leak path, subsequently leading to the loss of zonal isolation and sustained casing pressure. To prevent such barrier failures, it is crucial to investigate and understand the failure

In the context of both production and well abandonment, effective cementing of the surface casing is key in preventing leakage of formation fluids. Although there are general guidelines for the effective cementing of vertical casings, there is little known about the effects of wellbore irregularity, e.g. from formations that are badly eroded during drilling - washouts. Here we present a systematic

Mudcake thickness affects wellbore operations such as differential sticking, well completion, and wellbore clean-up operations. One of the properties for which a drilling fluid is screened during laboratory tests is the thickness of the mudcake it produces. Such laboratory tests are routinely conducted on ceramic discs or rock samples, at a specified temperature and pressure. Mathematical models have

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is widely used as a viscosity-enhancing agent in oil recovery. However, significant viscosity loss has been reported for HPAM solutions in the presence of S2−. Surprisingly, in this study, we found that this loss could be recovered by adding more S2−. To address this issue, the rheological behavior, hydrodynamic radius, and chemical structure of HPAM were

A non-thermal plasma source based on magnetically stabilized gliding arc discharge (MSGAD) was used to prepare carbon nanoparticles via methane decomposition. Spherical carbon nanoparticles (SCNs), few-layer graphene nanoflakes (GNFs), and nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles were obtained. The results showed that the product microstructure was influenced by the buffer gas. In pure methane and argon

The effect of solid particles on the volumetric gas liquid mass transfer coefficient klal in slurry bubble column reactors was investigated in the present work. klal was measured for an air-water-glass bead system using the dynamic oxygen absorption technique. Three solid concentrations and two particle diameters were used. Solid particles had a negligible effect on klal due to two opposite effects

Dynamic behavior of hydrophilic microparticles impacting on the particle-laden interface is experimentally studied using a high-speed camera at different properties of particle layer and subphase. When the hydrophilic microparticle impacts on the particle-laden interface, its surface is likely to change from Wenzel to Cassie-Baxter state. Three types of impact behavior can be identified, namely, rebound

This article proposes a new active fault-tolerant control (AFTC) method based on moving window hidden Markov models (MWHMM) for nonlinear processes. The AFTC approach could be divided into two steps, fault detection and identification (FDI) and fault accommodation. The information obtained from the FDI step is used for fault accommodation, under the framework of model predictive control (MPC). Firstly

The general layout design of an industrial park has a significant impact on safety, transportation, piping, and land occupation. Currently, the relevant studies are not mature, and most of the practical designs heavily rely on expertise. In this work, an optimization methodology is proposed to consider safety, piping connection, and occupied land simultaneously for the layout problem. An improved FLUTE

A systematic process synthesis method is investigated towards sustainable extractive distillation with pre-concentration. To approach energy saving, it is one of the common senses to eliminate the infamous remixing effects. In detail, the energy consumption bottleneck is initially analyzed to come at the inspiration to replace the pre-concentration column with a pre-stripper. Afterwards, a two-column

Defossilization of the transport sector must contribute to the drastic reduction of CO2 emissions within the next three decades to limit global warming. The production of synthetic liquid fuels from CO2, water, and renewable electric energy can be one option. A Power-to-Fuel process is modeled based on Reverse Water-Gas-Shift Reaction, Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) and Hydrocracking (HC). Different

The aim of this work is the investigation of the indirect reduction of hematite in fluidized beds and the effects of different kinetic parameters on the reduction process at a numerical level, which are validated against experimental results. We utilize a CFD-DEM coupling method, where gas phase is represented by classic CFD and iron ores by DEM. Both phases are strongly coupled by heat and mass transfer

The reactive dividing wall column (RDWC) is a highly integrated process that enables savings in investment and operational costs. Nevertheless, the high grade of integration leads to an extremely complex process behavior, complicating the prediction of the advantageousness of RDWC for a given task during process design. So far, many applications have been proposed in literature for RDWC, but little

The intrusive image-based method is used to probe local gas hydrodynamics, bubble size (BSD) and holdup distributions (BHD) in a gas-liquid stirred tank reactor (STR). A distinctive scheme combining automatic and manual processes is implemented to identify the object bubbles in the images. This method shows more accurate for judging the flow regime in gas-liquid STRs. Because of high intensity turbulence

In fluidized bed systems, particle properties (e.g., particle diameter, Reynolds number) are acknowledged to be important in dictating various fluidization phenomena, and are thereby commonly included in empirical correlations and physical models. The goal of this study was to harness machine learning tools to determine the relative dominance of the parameters in riser flux and elutriation to provide

Herein, in order to promote the scaled-up manufacturing of efficient nanostructured electrocatalysts, we pioneer a novel ultrafast wet chemistry engineering to turn bulk Co-Ni foam into S activated hydroxide based nanosheets (CoNi-OH|S), with short period less than six minutes. The uniform nanosheets morphology is in-situ formed through designed nitro-hydrochloric acid enhanced corrosion within 30 s

Outdoor sports or combat missions, such as jungle adventures or counter-piracy operations, often involve bleeding and infected wounds. Due to the poor and limited medical conditions in these outdoor situations, patients prefer an easy way to simultaneously treat blood loss and wound infection by using the same outdoor device and the same material. In this study, a portable electrospinning device (150 g

While nanotechnology-assisted cocktail therapy has emerged many advantages in anti-cancer treatment, significant challenges remain as regards efficiently and simultaneously loading two or more drugs with completely different physicochemical properties. The emergence of supramolecule offers an unprecedented opportunity to overcome this pharmaceutical bottleneck. Herein, an engineered Janus cyclopeptide

Silicon is extensively researched as an substitute for carbon as the anode material in Li-ion batteries. However, the cycle life of Si is very short because of its high volume expansion. Herein, we propose SiNx deposited by radio frequency reactive sputtering at room temperature as an anode material. Sputtering presents the advantage of being easily applicable to fabricate all-solid-state thin film