A novel modeling framework is presented for the peroxide-initiated radical polymerization of styrene, in the presence of ground-tire rubber particles. The model takes into account the previously observed effects of the rubber particles, and their highly-reactive additives, on the course of the polymerization. To this end, a generalized kinetic mechanism is proposed, on the basis of a typical styrene

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn) are promising diesel blend components with high oxygen content, high cetane number and similar properties to diesel. In this paper, we conducted a series of experiments for synthesizing PODEn over a HZSM-5 catalyst in a batch stirred autoclave using methylal and trioxane as reactants. Our research focused on the water influence on these syntheses by contrasting

The particle size and particle size distribution are crucial parameters for the final product application of active pharmaceutical compounds. Image analysis with inline microscopy is an important tool for monitoring and controlling the crystallization process. This work proposes a flexible and reliable image analysis algorithm that works by combining edge detection with intensity thresholding and implementing

The influence of activated carbon (AC) particle size on the formation and dissociation of CO2 hydrates was investigated. ACs with different particle sizes (250–420 µm; 420–841 µm; larger than 841 µm) were employed in the hydrate formation experiment at 276.2 K and 3.6 MPa in the quiescent condition. The result showed that the large AC particle size was more effective on promoting CO2 hydrate formation

The need to have an efficient oil-water separator leads to improve and optimize the hydrocyclones. One way to improve the efficiency of a deoiling hydrocyclone is using air injection. In the present study, the effects of air injection on the three-phase flow field, oil droplet distribution, separation efficiency, and the working principles of deoiling hydrocyclones are investigated using the Eulerian-Eulerian

Coalescence filtration is used in a variety of process industries to remove liquid mists from gas flows. Non–woven materials are widely used due to their high separation efficiency and low cost. The operating conditions of these filters are dependent on the internal structure of the filter material. Inhomogeneities, arising from the manufacturing process, not only affect the flow of air through the

The present work describes the isolated and combined effects of two internal components – swirl vanes and a vortex stabilizer – on the properties of the flow inside a particular type of gas–liquid cyclonic separator. These elements play an important role in the optimization of the catch efficiency of the gas and liquid phases but may otherwise result in a large increase in pressure drop. It is shown

Freeze–drying produces highly hygroscopic porous materials derived from ice microstructures. Because of this feature, moisture sorption over time during storage in contact with moist air, in the worst case, induces collapse. In this study, a mathematical model of the moisture sorption kinetics applicable to glassy freeze–dried matrices is developed. The model is based on the glass transition properties

Large eddy simulation is performed on a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) based on an Eulerian-Eulerian approach. The riser of the CFB has two axial sections of different diameters joined by a diffuser. The effects of drag and subgrid-scale models are examined on hydrodynamic parameters, such as solids volume fraction (εs), solids circulation rate (Gs), and full loop pressure profiles. A hybrid energy

Dielectric energy storage materials have attracted much attention because of their wide applications in the electronics industry. However, low energy storage density and poor thermostability limit their application. In this work, a strategy was proposed to prepare lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with ultra-high energy storage properties and superior temperature stability by precisely adjusting

Considering the weaknesses of traditional principal component analysis (PCA) in dealing with nonlinear correlations and non-Gaussian distribution data, PCA is optimized by replacing covariance matrix with Spearman ranking correlation coefficient (SRCC) matrix and introducing Gaussian transition by Johnson transformation. Because the commonly used BN that simply identifies a node as faulty or normal

The use of plastic products has become an indispensable part of our lives. However, due to improper discharge into the ocean and their prevalence in food storage use, humans ingest microplastics (MP) from consuming seafood or drinking water, which poses safety hazards. Furthermore, the existing MP separation methods, such as density separation and filtration, are limited by low efficiency. Therefore

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a kind of clean and efficient device to convert chemical energy in fuels into electricity. However, since anodes with high catalytic activity and carbon tolerance are still underdeveloped, the consequent serious performance degradation of the cells under operational conditions significantly confines their commercial applications. Here we propose a new strategy to

The design of a fully integrated chemical looping reforming (CLR), single adiabatic water gas shift reactor (WGSR) and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) operated under dynamic conditions for small scale H2 generation with inherent pure CO2 production is carried out. The dynamically operated packed bed reactors taking part in the chemical looping process have been modelled, designed and simulated to operate

Core-shell multicompartmental microparticles have gained increasing attention as their architecture resembles the multicompartmental composition of eukaryotic cells. However, challenges remain in the fabrication of biocompatible multicompartmental microparticles at a sufficiently high scale. Herein, all-aqueous ‘mangosteen-like’ core-shell multicompartmental microparticles were created by an oil-free

GIS plays an irreplaceable role in the modern electrical system. However, partial discharge will inevitably occur under insulation defect conditions and may lead to serious insulation malfunction. The online monitoring method based on gas sensor is a feasible method to diagnose the severity of partial discharge in GIS. In this paper, metal oxide (TiO2, Fe2O3, NiO) cluster-modified single-layer graphene

White-light emitting polymers (WLEPs) based on aggregation microenvironment-sensitive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) have aroused great interest in lighting and optoelectronic devices. Herein, we developed a novel strategy to construct WLEP particles via a stepwise self-stabilized precipitation polymerization of two emission-complementary AIEgens under