Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology has been known as an appropriate paradigm for implementing low power consumption digital circuits and different high-performance computations at nanoscale. Considering its nature, this technology has shallow energy losses. Besides, an adder is one of the main parts in the digital circuit designs. Moreover, full adder circuits are the basic units in the

Foliar characteristics, especially the overall leaf shape, are useful features for the taxonomic identification of plants. Computer-aided plant species identification systems make it possible to investigate a large number of leaves in a short period of time. In this study, a fully automatic system was developed to accurately classify eight species of maples (Acer L.) in Iran using the leaf shape characteristics

Due to the uncontrollable growth of data generation in various networks, rapid clustering of massive datasets is seriously demanded in order to reveal the hidden structure of data as well as discovering the relations among samples. Among the clustering approaches, density-based clustering methods showed an acceptable processing speed to encounter with big data. However, they have some fixed parameters

The recently introduced flux switching permanent magnet motor attracts a lot of attention thanks to a robust design, better heat dissipation, high reliability, high performance. The crucial step in developing the PM motor for different applications is the geometry optimization. In this paper, the modified multi-level multi-objective optimization method which combined Taguchi and response surface methodology

Discriminative patterns are sets of characteristics that differentiate multiple groups from each other, for example, successful and unsuccessful medical treatments. The objective of the discriminative pattern mining task is to discover a set of significant patterns that occur with disproportionate frequencies in different class-labeled datasets, generally dataset \( D^{ + } \) against dataset \( D^{

In the article “Trajectory Tracking Control for Mobile Robots Using Reinforcement Learning and PID” by Shuti Wang, Xunhe Yin, Peng Li, Mingzhi Zhang and Xin Wang (Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-019-00286-4), there is an error in page 5. The erratum is to correct this error.

In this manuscript, the design of a continuous super twisting control based on high-order sliding mode observer for a class of nonlinear systems is addressed. An analysis of stability of the system in closed loop with the proposed control-observer scheme is provided by means of Lyapunov approach, where sufficient conditions are given to ensure the convergence in finite time. Furthermore, a comparative

In this paper, a new U-shaped channel tunneling-based field-effect transistor (UTFET) with auxiliary gate above drain is proposed. The ambipolar current in the proposed is investigated, in which simulation results show that ambipolar current takes place, due to drain-to-drain tunneling similar to gate-induced drain leakage in conventional MOSFETs. By drain depletion in auxiliary gate-based UTFET, electric

Considering the diversity of proposed cloud computing services in federated clouds, users should be very well aware of their current required and future expected resources and values of the quality-of-service parameters to compose proper services from a pool of clouds. Various approaches and methods have been proposed to accurately address this issue and predict the quality-of-service parameters. The

This paper presents the problem model of multicarrier energy system management. The proposed problem includes three types of energy that is as electrical, natural and heating. Electrical and gas energies are as hub input, and hub output is as electrical and heating. The electricity energy provides using (1) renewable energy sources (RESs), electrical energy storage system, combined heat and power (CHP)

Isolated hybrid power systems (HPSs) with coordinated control of renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage devices (ESDs) with appropriate control techniques are studied in this paper for load frequency stabilization. The solar thermal power generation and photovoltaic systems are used as the primary source of generation in the designed test systems. The ESDs used are double-layer capacitor

The leader–follower consensus tracking is one of the important problems in multi-agent systems (MASs) which can be influenced by actuator faults. The main issue of the paper is fault occurrence, and the challenge is to design an appropriate decentralized fault-tolerant control (FTC) based on fault estimations to minimize the effects of actuator fault and maintain the tracking problem. In this paper

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is known as one of the best alternative technologies for CMOS on nano-scale dimensions, which allows the design of digital circuits with high speed and density. Decoders are considered as one of the most widely used combinational circuits. They also play an important role in designing circuits such as FPGA, CLB, and memory addressing. In this paper, we propose an

Myoelectric pattern recognition is a useful tool for identifying the user’s intended motion. However, the inherent nonstationary properties of Electromyography (EMG) signals usually limited the use of real time commercial prostheses. These variations cause the degradation of myoelectric control performance and make it unstable over time, across subjects and sessions. In this study, this challenge is

This paper presents a new approach on one of the difficult domains between the boundaries of electronics and physics which is demanded in high-resolution applications such as DACs and ADCs. In the proposed differential architecture, a novel combination of two strings of resistors is employed to improve all possible random and gradient errors in a single resistor string. A proper design and construction

In recent years, the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in electricity generation portfolio has been growing, primarily supported by local and international energy policies to reduce the carbon footprint of the electricity sector. However, the large-scale integration of variable and uncertain RES has adverse effects on the power system operations. Therefore, the power system operators should apply

Dynamic energy management in smart grids courses to increase the system efficiency, not only does it decrease the economic costs, it also courses to reduce the environmental issues. One possible way to improve these benefits is to solve multiple smart grids problems simultaneously, which is called multi-area dynamic energy management. Demand-side management (DSM) is another way which has resulted in

Mapping complex hierarchical reconfigurable tasks on distributed architectures are classically an NP-hard problem. The current paper introduces a new software specification of these tasks with two-dimensional hierarchy levels DAGs. Each DAG is composed of multi-hierarchical subDAGs to specify graphs of complex software task graphs. We also propose a heuristic algorithm for mapping the new reconfigurable

Energy demand and conservation are two main concerns in distributed generation systems. Recently, lighting loads play a crucial role in these concerns. Nowadays, DC-fed LED lighting provides better solution. The conventional grid needs rectifier to provide DC results at high cost with low efficiency. Hence, a reliable autonomous PV-battery (APVB) system-fed LED load employing power management circuit

Using multiple feature descriptors simultaneously increases the accuracy of object recognition. Usage of dynamic coefficients, in other words, non-identical and proportional to the importance of each descriptor for each class, is an appropriate and efficient way to combine different feature descriptors. In this paper, a new and efficient structure is proposed that calculates these coefficients using

Underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) is a vast network, in which the neighborhood of a transmitting node consists of many operating sensor nodes. By considering this as an advantage, we propose a hybrid automatic repeat request scheme for incremental cooperative communication (HARQ-INCC) in UASNs. The proposed scheme utilizes neighborhood sensor nodes during the instance of packet retransmission

Modeling, simulation, and performance analysis of an isolated hybrid power system (IHPS) consisting of solar thermal power plant, diesel engine generator (DEG), and wind turbine generator (WTG) are done in this paper. Performance of the studied IHPS model has been studied under two different input conditions, viz. (a) step change in load disturbance and wind perturbation and (b) random change in load

In this paper, the optimal operation problem of smart micro-grids integrated with the pricing of Time-of-Use (TOU) demand response (DR) program is modeled as a two-stage stochastic programming problem with the aim of minimizing the cost of MG operation and running TOU in the presence of renewable resources and incentive-based DR programs. Here, TOU as the most common type of time-based DR programs

In order to make the direct transmission more effective, we have intended an octagonal shape cladding design in this paper. The minimum resultant effective material loss obtained from our proposed photonic crystal fiber is 0.007 cm−1 at 0.5 THz is very effective. The proposed design gives an ultra-high birefringence of 0.06 with an effective area of about 4 × 10−6 m2, a core power fraction of 70% for

Hot wire anemometer (HWA) is a widely used instrument to perform experimental measurements in laminar, transitional and turbulent flows. A pure, low-cost tungsten filament from an ordinary light bulb is utilized as a hot wire sensor for the analysis of different configurations of constant voltage anemometer (CVA). Experiments are carried out with the proposed sensor for all the three modes of CVA in

This paper studies the fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) with inequality constraints. Using the Caputo definition, an optimization method based on a set of basis functions, namely the fractional-order Bernoulli wavelet functions (F-BWFs), is proposed. The solution is expanded in terms of the F-BWFs with unknown coefficients. In the first step, we convert the inequality conditions to equality

In this paper, the sliding mode preview control problem for a class of continuous-time linear systems is studied. Firstly, an extended error system consisting of the error equation and the state equation of the original system is constructed, and the tracking problem is transformed into the regulation problem. Secondly, a quadratic performance index function is introduced for the state variables of

Qualification of the reserve requirement of power systems in the presence of load uncertainties and renewable energy resources is one of the most important challenges of system operators. Especially, existence of wind turbines with unavoidable volatility in their generated powers makes this problem more serious. In this paper, is proposed a probabilistic method for optimal determining of the spinning

The future power system must provide electricity that is reliable and affordable. To meet this goal, both the electricity grid and the existing control system must become smarter. In this paper, some of the major issues and challenges of smart grid’s development are discussed, and ongoing and future trends are presented with the aim to provide a reader with an insight on the relevant research topics

In this paper, a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in PV system is presented. In sliding mode control schemes, discontinuous reaching law involves high control activity and the future may excite high-frequency dynamics. Reaching speed is also limited by using smoothing functions in reaching law of sliding mode control. Hence, a nonlinear reaching law is proposed by a fuzzy inference system

In this study, four different 3D five-term chaotic flows are unified and a novel six-term 3D unified chaotic system with three nonlinearities is introduced. Firstly, the theoretical system via an electronic circuit is realized, and then the basic dynamical properties of the proposed unified chaotic system are numerically and analytically analyzed, i.e., sensitivity to initial conditions, equilibrium

Swarm intelligence is one of the most emerging methods used for autonomous mobile robot navigation. Researchers have developed many algorithms in mobile robot navigation by simulating the swarming behavior of various creatures like ants, firefly, honey bees, and cuckoo, and the findings are very motivating. The paper presents application and implementation of spider monkey optimization (SMO) along

Three degree of freedom (3 DOF) Hover Quad Copter (HQC) platforms are implemented for various missions in diverse scales from the micro to macro platforms. As HQC platforms scale down, micro platform requires rather robust and effective control techniques. This study investigates applicability of some stochastic optimization methods for tuning feedback gain control of HQC rotors and compares optimization

This paper presents a new direct active and reactive power control for DC–AC converters connected to three-phase network through a filter and lossless/lossy line. The control is based on adaptive input–output feedback linearization control (AIOFLC). The controller computes the reference voltages of the inverter to bring active and reactive power errors to zero without any inner current loop. With a

In this manuscript, we present complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method to solve multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems with intuitionistic fuzzy information, known as IF-COPRAS method. In this method, a new formula is developed to evaluate the criterion weights, in which the objective weights are calculated from divergence measure method. For this, new parametric divergence and entropy

Handwritten Digit recognition is a challenging problem these days due to the widely used Arabic language in the world, especially in the Middle East region. In this paper, sliding windows are used to enhance classification accuracies and implemented using random forests (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers for recognition of Arabic digit images. In order to study their effectiveness with

A novel approach for solving CC-OPF problems is proposed, where the uncertainties are evaluated based on polynomial approximate method and Cornish–Fisher expansion. Both the objective function and constraints are reformulated in the form of polynomials, and then the uncertainties can be evaluated directly, where Cornish–Fisher expansion is used to handle the chance constraints. After the original probabilistic

This study addresses the control problem of a teleoperation system with the slave flexible-link in the face of time delay, dynamic uncertainties, disturbances, and actuator faults. In the presence of actuator failures or when unknown disturbances act on the master and slave manipulators, the teleoperation system will be more likely to face the performance degradation and even instability. This paper

Transmission expansion planning (TEP) is one of the critical issues of the deregulated electricity market. In view of this, a salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is being considered in the present work for the solution of TEP problem with the added security constraint. The features of SSA algorithm are its foraging behavior of salps swarming in the oceans. Under the TEP problem, the work considered here is

Low-voltage ride through (LVRT) is important for system compensation and reliable operation of the system during balance and unbalanced voltage dips. In this study, a new LVRT capability method was developed using active and passive compensator in doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines. While the active compensator provides the control of the rotor-side converter and grid-side converters

In laboratory-scale studies, researchers usually prefer to use diesel generator emulator, instead of real diesel generator due to its flexibility in parameters design. Using diesel generator emulator, the behavior of a real diesel generator is emulated by a voltage source converter with voltage and current control loops in d–q frame. In this paper, an inverter-based prototype of a simple diesel generator

For a stand-alone solar pump, Z-source inverter (ZSI) is being preferred because of its single-stage power conversion capability with buck-boost ability. As compared to traditional ZSI, series Z-source inverter (SZSI) reduces the voltage stress on capacitor and inrush current of the inductor significantly. In this paper, modes of operation of the SZSI for an induction motor load are explained. When

Temporary overvoltages (TOVs) typically caused by short-circuit faults and switching events can impose considerable damage on power system equipment. Furthermore, the penetration of distributed generations into the utility grids may intensify the problem arising from the TOVs. Despite recent research advancements, the TOV problems with current-source inverter (CSI)-based photovoltaic (PV) systems have not been

This paper deals with the maiden application of opposition-based interactive search algorithm (OISA) for a multi-area, multi-source power system having thermal, hydro and gas generating units. For realistic approach, physical constraints like boiler dynamics (BD), governor dead band (GDB) and generation rate constraint (GRC) have been considered in the thermal system, while the effects of GRC and GDB

In this paper, space vector pulse width modulation technique is proposed to reduce the common-mode voltage (CMV) of a five-phase three-level neutral point clamped inverter. The switching pulses are generated by tracking the reference vector in the complex hexagonal region. The switching state vectors are selected for switching pulse generation, which have minimum CMV level. Totally, it consists of

In this paper, a robust fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is proposed to regulate islanded microgrid (MG) frequency. The considered MG is composed of a photovoltaic system, a wind turbine generation, a diesel generator, a battery energy storage system, the control unit, and loads. Some challenges in islanded MGs such as unpredictable variation in output power of renewable energy sources and model

Transformer is the most important part of any transmission system, so it is necessary to have the transformer in proper working order for uninterrupted power supply in the various locations in around the substations. Renewable energy replaces the conventional energy sources at the fast rate in various parts of the world. Due to high penetration of renewable energy, the installed transformers have observational

An analysis on automatic generation control (AGC) performance of an interconnected two-area hydro–hydro-power system model is presented in this paper subjected to dynamic control of damped oscillations in the presence of thyristor-controlled series compensation (TCSC) and the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit. In real time, the load profile characteristics are un-deterministic in

Load control on the consumer side is termed as demand response. Demand response program (DRP) is emerging as a powerful tool for optimal load management in smart grid environment. In this paper, price-based DRP is applied to the system through the management of electricity prices. This management is based on demand elasticity, and system is expected to react enabling to accomplish the required load

This paper contributes to the fabrication of a snake-like robot in which the motion can be achieved through active wheels. The robot is constructed in such a way that its size can be increased and decreased, as well as it can undulate into a sine wave-like shape. The snake robot with wheels consists of chain of links attached to each other with the help of the passive prismatic and revolute joints

A new methodology to design an \({H}_{\infty }\) observer-based controller for discrete-time delayed systems subject to input saturation and \({\mathcal {L}}_{2}\)-norm disturbances is proposed, motivated by a benchmark problem. The stabilizing observer-based controller gains are obtained from an LMI formulation using a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, free weighting matrices, and an effective approach

In order to maintain the performance of the control systems affected by the fault, a fault-tolerant control (FTC) method is used. This controller tries to minimize the effect of the fault by modifying or correcting the control law of the system at the time of fault occurrence, so that the system can continue its normal operation. In this paper, we present an analytical method for controlling the actuator

Economic dispatch is the optimal scheduling for generating units with technical constraints. Combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) refers to minimization of the total energy cost for generating electricity and heat supply to load demand. This planning model integrates heat and power energy to balance energy supply and demand, mitigate climate change and improve energy efficiency of sustainable

Chaotic response in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is an undesirable performance that may affect motor stability. This unexpected behavior occurs due to the disruption in the system parameters and load disturbance. To control this unwanted performance, it’s essential to introduce a robust method to determine the PMSM model parameters efficiently and expeditiously. Two PMSM models depending

Controlled and improved power quality is one of the fundamental and essential needs in any industry driven by electric power for optimal exploitation of resources. However, in power quality, some crucial problems have been recognized as harmonic distortion, interruption, sag, swell and transient. Out of these, sag and swell are predominantly seen and cause stern impact on the electrical devices or

This work presents a UWB balanced-to-unbalanced (BTU) power divider (PD) using coupled lines and an additional shunt TL in the middle. The even-mode and odd-mode ABCD parameters of BTU PD produce the required analytical design equations. Later, the use of stub-loaded coupled lines in the shunt transmission line enhanced the passband response. The structure is further optimised by varying the impedance

Energy efficiency analysis has been presented recently to minimize the energy consumption of buildings by designing the optimal structural parameters. Because of uncertain parameters incorporated in the energy analysis of a building, computationally effective methods are needed to model the uncertainties in the analysis. In this paper, a probabilistic multi-objective optimization method is proposed

Human errors in the maintenance operations of power transmission grids can be a critical factor in the failure of equipment. Equipment failures result in the reduction in reliability, customer satisfaction, and loss of power companies revenue. In order to prevent the failure of equipment due to human errors, the supervisors or head of the operating groups needs to monitor the actions continuously during

In this paper, a novel algorithm of trajectory tracking control for mobile robots using the reinforcement learning and PID is proposed. The Q-learning and PID are adopted for tracking the desired trajectory of the mobile robot. The proposed method can reduce the computational complexity of reward function for Q-learning and improve the tracking accuracy of mobile robot. The effectiveness of the proposed

This paper offers a new push recovery method to stabilize the quadruped robots walking on even terrains in the presence of external disturbance forces exerted on the body and legs of the robot. To avoid force sensors, a class of nonlinear observers is usually used to estimate all the forces that are applied to the leg joints. However, such estimations involve permanent errors in the case of fast varying