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The energy crisis and increasing concerns about the environment in modern society have fostered the development of the integrated energy system (IES) in smart grid. The energy hub (EH) is a minimum construction of the IES. The chief purpose of this paper is to propose a Lyapunov optimization-based energy management strategy for the energy hub with an energy router. First, this paper describes a configuration

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Owing to its system independence and unmatched speed, Traveling-wave (TW)-based relaying has become a top contender for transmission and distribution systems. However, existing measurement devices, such as Current Transformers (CTs), are incapable of capturing the full frequency content of TWs, as their bandwidths are limited. Consequently, existing TW-based schemes rely on distorted waveforms and

This article proposes a model-free secondary voltage control (SVC) for microgrids (MG) using nonlinear multiple models adaptive control. Firstly, a linear robust adaptive controller is designed to guarantee the voltage stability in the bounded-input-bounded-output (BIBO) manner so as to meet the operation requirements of MGs. Secondly, a nonlinear adaptive controller is developed to improve the voltage

This article investigates the energy cooperation between photovoltaic prosumers and community energy storage (CES) to improve community energy efficiency. The optimal energy sharing profiles between prosumers and CES are firstly derived by solving the energy optimization problem minimizing social energy cost. To guarantee the incentives for prosumers and CES to participate in the energy cooperation

With the application and development of combined heat and power (CHP) techniques, the coupling of electrical and heat energy is gradually increasing. State estimation (SE) is essential to achieve the comprehensive and accurate operating status in an integrated electricity-heat system (IEHS). This article proposes a robust SE method based on second-order conic programming (SOCP) for IEHS. Firstly, auxiliary

Wind farms (WFs) are important components of smart grid. The modeling and optimal planning of the WF is preliminary before its construction. In this article, a bi-level multi-objective optimization framework is presented, with the aim of simultaneously designing the configuration of wind turbines (WTs) as well as the topology of electrical collector system in an offshore WF. The installation capacity

The concept of peer-to-peer (P2P) trading, or transactive energy (TE), is gaining momentum as a future grid restructure. It has the potentials to utilize distributed energy resources (DERs), proactive demand side management (DSM), and the infusion in information and communication technologies (e.g., blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT)) for promoting the technical and economic efficiency of the

The increasing penetration of renewable generation presents challenges for system frequency regulation due to short-term power fluctuations and system inertia reductions. This article presents a coordinated control strategy for frequency regulation in which inverter air-conditioning (IAC) units are used to perform primary frequency regulation (PFR) and fixed frequency air-conditioning (FFAC) units

This article is concerned with the load frequency control (LFC) for the multi-area power system (MAPS) in the presence of cyber-attacks and disturbances. A resilient model predictive control (RMPC) strategy combined with the mixed $H_{2} /H_{\infty } $ performance index and dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) is developed by using the cone complementarity linearization algorithm and the linear

Considering the separate management of transmission networks (TNs) and distribution networks (DNs), this article proposes a chance-constrained optimal power flow (CCOPF) formulation for integrated transmission and distribution (I-T&D) networks and its solution algorithm with limited information interaction. The uncertainties of loads and renewable generations are considered in the formulation, which

This letter proposes a robust ensemble learning scheme to enhance short-term prediction of wind power generation. The ensemble problem associated with pruning and combination is formulated as a worst-case robust approximation problem, taking forecast uncertainty in individual predictors into consideration. This problem is then transformed into the scaled form of the augmented Lagrangian and is solved

The widespread integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the electrical grid creates a new opportunity for frequency regulation. In this article, to deal with the penetration of intermittent renewable energy and the time variance of system model, an online evolutionary mechanism is developed for the electrical-grid- electric-vehicle system. With a real-time decoder consisting of the long-short-term

This article develops a practical framework of Area Angle Monitoring (AAM) to monitor in real time the stress of bulk power transfer across an area of a power transmission system. Area angle is calculated from synchrophasor measurements in real time to provide alert to system operators if the area angle exceeds pre-defined thresholds. This article proposes a general method to identify the warning threshold

The conventional distributed secondary controller, consisting of a voltage controller and a power controller, is based on the parallel framework by exchanging two state variables and requires a voltage observer to regulate the voltage. In this article, a cascaded control framework is proposed to achieve the voltage regulation and power sharing, in which only the power state variable is exchanged without

This article investigates the charging problem of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in a smart charging station (SCS) under a new interaction mechanism that allows the interactions among PEVs. The target is to coordinate the charging strategies of all PEVs such that the energy cost of SCS is minimized without compromising a set of constraints for PEVs and SCS. To this end, we first construct a non-cooperative

French regulation allows consumers in low-voltage networks to form collectives to produce, share, and consume local energy under the collective self-consumption framework . A natural consequence of collectively-owned generation projects is the need to allocate production among consumers. In long-term plans, production allocation determines each of the consumers’ benefits of joining the collective.

Real-time distributed clustering algorithm for aggregation of distributed energy storage systems into heterogeneous virtual power plants is proposed. Two types of virtual power plants are formed: one for provisioning the bulk (low-frequency) power demand and one for provisioning the high-frequency power demand. The proposed distributed clustering algorithm determines the virtual power plants’ memberships

In this article, we present the optimal strategy for public plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging services with multiple charging options: fast charging service and slow charging service. The PEV user make decisions by firstly considering the remaining energy, travel distance to charging station, then about the charging prices, charging rates and estimated charging time. To obtain insights of such

Due to the fast development of distributed energy resources and demand-side response management, agents in electricity markets are becoming more proactive, which boosts the development of peer-to-peer (P2P) market mechanisms. However, to our knowledge, none of the existing works considers clearing both energy and reserve via a P2P market mechanism in order to compensate for the uncertainty originating

We present a new optimal power flow (OPF) design that not only optimizes fuel cost but also enhances dynamic performance of a power system. Performance is quantified by the $H_2$ -norm of the transfer matrix from any disturbance input to a set of performance outputs, which in this case are chosen as the frequencies of the generators. The $H_2$ -norm models the attenuation of the frequency amplitudes

In [1] , there was an error in equation (37) . It should be as follows:

The reliability of distribution systems is often challenged under unfavorable weather conditions, where weather-related failures occur with high probability. Predicting the number of weather-related failures in distribution systems can provide guiding information for operation and maintenance decisions, improving the risk management capability of utility companies. This article proposes a novel Bayesian

A power to hydrogen and methane (P2HM) plant can couple three different energy sectors including electricity, natural gas, and hydrogen, showing great potentials in supporting the penetration of renewable energy sources. This article develops a bi-level strategic bidding model of a profit-driven P2HM plant from both market and technology perspectives. In the upper-level model, the P2HM plant submits

In this article, a novel distributed coordinated control framework is proposed to handle the uncertain voltage violations in active distribution networks. It addresses the problem of coordination of different types of devices in a distributed manner. In our control design, on-load tap changers (OLTCs) are firstly employed to handle the potential voltage violations based on the prediction of renewable

In a scenario involving damaged lines or equipment, healthy regions of a network with distributed energy resources can operate through islanded microgrids. With this, the hourly demand constraint is flexible and the dynamic optimal power flow (DOPF) follows a price signal, making use of inter-temporal technologies to maximize the power utility’s profit; this is known as price-based DOPF (PB-DOPF).

We consider distributed multi-area state estimation algorithms for power systems with switching communication graphs. The power system is partitioned into multiple geographically non-overlapping areas and each area is assigned with an estimator to give a local estimate of the entire power system’s state. The inter-area communication networks are assumed to switch among a finite set of digraphs. Each

This letter proposes a fully decentralized approach to economic dispatch in microgrids with a novel communication-less strategy. It is aimed to overcome the limitations on strong dependency of center node and nodal communication in the conventional approaches. Comparative case studies based on a 14-bus microgrid demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve a global consensus in a mesh network

This letter develops a new analytical model to estimate real-time variations in frequency and voltage in a microgrid (MG), resulting from network reconfiguration (NR). Switching operations are reflected in discrete variations in an MG admittance matrix, leading to step changes in dq -axis node injection currents. The injected current variations can readily be integrated with dynamic operations of distributed

This letter presents a perturbation estimation based robust load frequency control (LFC) scheme for power system subject to random time-delay attack. Perturbation term is defined to describe the measurement deviation caused by random time-delay attack. Besides, perturbation observer is designed to estimate the system perturbation. The load frequency controller is compensated based on the perturbation

Aggregation of demand-side flexibility plays a crucial role in helping improve the system-wide performance of power grids. However, little considered is the potential negative impact of self-interested flexibility aggregators, who are being strategic for their own benefit at the cost of other market participants or even system-wide performance. This article aims to theoretically analyze this negative

In this article, a novel distributed observer-based finite-time control scheme is proposed to improve the resilience of islanded AC microgrids under attack. Existing research on microgrids under attack mainly focuses on detection technology and attenuation technology, but rarely considers the key indicator of convergence speed. The proposed control strategy can accelerate the convergence process of

Unequal reactive power sharing amongst distributed generators (DG) is a significant concern while operating a droop based microgrid. The reasons for this unequal reactive power sharing include the difference in feeder impedances, uneven distribution of loads and DGs in terms of size and locations. In this article, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem applicable for a droop based microgrid

Microgrids are considered as a key technology for the introduction of renewable energy systems in the electrical market. Nevertheless, microgrids are subject to random conditions such as changes in the energy forecast or component failures which will force microgrids to incur in the penalty costs applied in real time markets. In order to minimize the aforementioned costs, an optimal Energy Management

Load shape dictionary (LSD) is a useful tool for utilizing the enormous amount of smart meter data to understand customers’ electricity consumption behaviors. To tackle the big data challenge as well as to better capture the load shape features, this article develops a bilevel LSD generation framework to cluster and index the residential load profiles into a neat local LSD and a global LSD based on

Networked microgrids (NMGs) are clusters of microgrids that are physically connected and functionally interoperable. The massive and unprecedented deployment of smart grid technologies, new business models, and involvement of new stakeholders enable NMGs to be a conceptual operation paradigm for future distribution systems. Much work needs to be done, however, to enable NMGs to achieve seamless coordination

This article presents a real-time non-probabilistic approach to detect load-redistribution (LR) attacks, which attempt to cause an overflow, in smart grids. Prior studies have shown that certain LR attacks can bypass traditional bad data detectors and remain undetectable, which implies that the presence of a reliable and intelligent detection mechanism is imperative. Therefore, in this study a detection

With the proliferation of microgrids (MGs) into the utility grid (UG), MGs with multiple distributed generations (DGs) face challenge to flexibly support voltage during UG faults. In this paper, a multi-stage voltage support optimization method is proposed to stabilize voltage, current and power, for safeguarding the MG operation and providing flexible power delivery capacity. The proposed method consists

In this paper, a hierarchical bipartite graph (HBG) matching method is proposed to promote transactive vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) power exchanges in a distribution power system. A distribution system which includes EVs is divided into a series of subsystems according to EV locations, where V2V power exchanges are optimized for scheduling charging/discharging periods among transacting EVs in each subsystem

In this paper, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) dynamic model is presented, which considers average models of both Voltage Source Converter (VSC) and bidirectional buck-boost converter (dc-to-dc), for charging and discharging modes of operation. The dynamic BESS model comprises a simplified representation of the battery cells, which allows to simulate the effects of battery degradation, dc-to-dc

Reliability evaluation of power components in the presence of automation devices and cyber links is critical for the improved performance of a smart grid. This work presents a model representing a cyber power component for reliability studies, incorporating interdependency and common-cause failure while reducing computational complexity. Power-component failure, automation-component failure, communication

In a large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) to the transportation sector, it becomes more challenging to provide an acceptable level of service to EV users who already suffer from EV’s short range and long charging time. Because of the latter, charging facilities can be easily overloaded, leading to intolerable service delays. Achieving an acceptable level of service will require an extensive

Mobile energy storage systems (MESSs) is a promising solution to enhancing the operational flexibility of coupled distribution and transportation networks (CDTNs), as well as the conversion capacities of hybrid AC/DC microgrids (MGs). To achieve the coordination among MESSs, hybrid AC/DC microgrids and CDTNs, while considering the system uncertainties from variable renewable energy (VRE) sources and

This paper proposes a new structure and control scheme for future microgrid-based power system, which is designed to achieve a seamless operation in both islanded and grid-connected modes, while the load is appropriately shared by all units (i.e., renewable sources, energy storage systems and the grid). The proposed method, which involves physical separation of the microgrid from the grid by using

A two-stage Internet data center (IDC)-considered framework in generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) (referred to as IGTEP) is proposed to make full use of IDCs’ spatial and chronological load regulation potentials for demand response. Stage one aggregates the data network (DN) to match a transmission network structure. First, IDC load is modeled based on the DN configuration. Second

Game theory based energy sharing schemes emerged in recent years to incentivize efficient management of the increasing amount of distributed energy resources. Among these, cooperative game theoretic schemes provide detailed financial incentives on the individual prosumer level. The nucleolus, a mechanism to allocate these financial incentives, has been proven to guarantee the prosumers’ willingness

Hierarchical load forecasting (HLF) is an approach to generate forecasts for hierarchical load time series. The performance of HLF can be improved by optimizing the forecasting model and the hierarchical structure . Previous studies mostly focus on the forecasting model while the hierarchical structure is usually formed by clustering of natural attributes like geography, customer type, or the similarities

Buildings, as major energy consumers, can provide great untapped demand response (DR) resources for grid services. However, their participation remains low in real-life. One major impediment for popularizing DR in buildings is the lack of cost-effective automation systems that can be widely adopted. Existing optimization-based smart building control algorithms suffer from high costs on both building-specific

This paper proposes a novel network-embedding based method to recover the missing measurements in power systems. In particular, we first construct the spatial and temporal graphs to describe both the spatial correlation among the buses in a power flow network and the temporal correlation of the bus states over different time. Secondly, we propose a Softwork algorithm to map the spatial and temporal

The synchrophasor data recorded by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) plays an increasingly critical role in the regulation and situational awareness of power systems. However, the widely installed PMUs are vulnerable to multiple malicious attacks from cyber hackers during data transmission and storage. To address this problem, a Modified Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEEMD) is proposed first

The fault characteristics of multi-converter DC system are complex and variable. How to use fault transient information for fault characteristic analysis and protection setting is one of the challenges faced by the development of DC power distribution system. In this article, the high-frequency characteristics of faults in DC systems are analyzed. Then based on the transient fault circuit analysis