In the late 1970s, hundreds of young engineers graduating from universities in many countries across the world started their professional careers working for Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The author of this article began his career at Westinghouse upon receiving his bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering. Back in those days, Westinghouse was one of the world's premier electrical

Cybersecurity is quickly becoming one of the most important and potentially impactful risks to a process or refining facility. Cybersecurity solutions for electrical infrastructure can be challenging to implement because of the large number of devices that utilize a single set of passwords. The potential solutions to mitigate these risks can be expensive, inefficient, and time consuming to maintain

The protective relays used in modern industrial installations are complex microprocessor-based devices. Some of them deserve to be called protection programmable logic controllers (PLCs) due to their complexity and flexibility. The impressive abilities of these relays require the careful design and documentation of the intended functions and philosophies underlying them. Interrelay communications for

Within industry today, advancements in process and control technologies have given way to differing control systems in the form of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and distributed control systems (DCSs). Over the past decade, PLCs have become able to bridge certain gaps within process and control systems that were previously typically found only within DCS environments. This article will provide

A novel algorithm using computer vision and machine learning techniques has been developed in this research and applied to automate the reading of analog meters. This approach does not rely on any prior information about the meter being read or any human intervention during the process. High-level features of the meter, including the graduation values and angles, are extracted using a cascade of image

Turnarounds have proven hard and costly to execute. Efforts made to decouple production units have led to smaller and shorter shutdowns, resulting in a longer time between power system outages. This has limited the ability to maintain and upgrade electrical infrastructure and forced some of the work to be completed on the run.

The war of the currents between Thomas Edison and George West inghouse didn't end in 1893 at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, when Westinghouse received the contract for producing the electricity to illuminate the entire exposition using his doublestopper light bulbs powered by ac. Edison, being a strong advocate and main promoter for the generation and transmission of power using dc, continued

In this article, the authors discuss the crucial aspects of the insulation resistance testing of photovoltaic (PV) installations. This test verifies the integrity of the wiring systems and can be used to detect or prevent damages to wiring as well as ground faults. The insulation resistance test measures the resistance between the ungrounded circuits and the ground under the application of high voltage

Switchgear performance failures are rare, but the results can be catastrophic. Digital switchgear enables a safer work environment through design enhancements, which also reduce costs for the engineering, manufacturing, commissioning, and operation of the system. The digital switchgear solution is increasingly being considered in electrical distribution and is available through multiple vendors' portfolios

Within the engineering and construction industry, there continues to be an increasing emphasis placed on electrical safety in the workplace. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70E [1] Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace provides practices for protecting employees from electrical hazards. In addition to electrical dangers, workers are exposed to other threats. This article reviews

Electrical hazards are found in nearly every workplace, yet many safety professionals are not equipped with the background necessary to navigate some of the technical issues required to mitigate them. This creates challenges when implementing electrical safety programs and when making sure electrical hazards are addressed with the priority they deserve. A survey of more than 450 manufacturing professionals

Energy storage (es) systems are key enablers for the high penetration of renewables. The buck-boost converter in a dc-coupled architecture for integrated photovoltaic (PV) and ES systems shows promising performance with a lower cost and higher efficiency. Silicon carbide (SiC) devices can benefit ES converters as well as the whole ES system. This article focuses on the development of a high-efficiency

This work presents a simple and low-cost curve tracer for the analysis of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The proposed system allows the plotting of current versus voltage (I-V) and power versus voltage (P-V) characteristics in a fast and straightforward approach employing a dc-dc single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) topology. Thus, it is possible to obtain variable impedance seen from the

One challenge for electrical system design engineers in the process industries is assuring real time information is accessible to plant operators who need this to assure mill processes run safely, reliably and efficiently. Network enabled process systems offer an abundance of available data, but most data rarely qualifies as useful information. This paper will present a case study outlining the experience

This article proposes a novel fault-localization method that is based on the nonintrusive fault-monitoring (NIFM) techniques in high-voltage/extra-high-voltage (HV/EHV) power transmission networks. In this work, the fault signals measured at the utilities are extracted by the hyperbolic S-transform (HST) before going through the identification process. To carefully select coefficients of the HST representing

Accurate monthly electricity consumption forecasting (ECF) can help retailers enhance the profitability in deregulated electricity markets. Most current methods use monthly load data to perform monthly ECF, which usually produces large errors due to insufficient training samples. A few methods try to use fine-grained smart-meter data (e.g., hourly data) to increase training samples. However, such methods

A giant in our field has left us. Dr. Thomas A. Lipo passed away in his home in Middleton, Wisconsin, on 8 May 2020 after a two-year battle with cancer. Given the tremendous impact that he had on both the technology in our field and on the personal lives of so many in our international professional community, it is difficult to overstate the sense of shock and sadness that was experienced by so many

This article presents a methodology to evaluate protection schemes in grids with nonlinear loads. For this purpose, a protection library developed in MATLAB/Simulink is presented, which is complemented with a communications system and an electric arc furnace (EAF). Subsequently, an application example is shown, in which the protection system of a steel manufacturing industry is developed, considering

The estimation of energy-savings analysis based on conservation voltage reduction (CVR) deployment is fundamental to establish its effectiveness. Historically, utilities conduct pilot CVR projects on a limited number of feeders where the time series (TS) voltage and power data are measured, preprocessed, and utilized in a mathematical model for energy-savings calculation for each individual CVR-deployed

The development of lightning protection standards for petrochemical processing and storage facilities has progressed significantly over the past 20 years. Standard requirements have become more stringent and prescriptive. Understanding of the development and propagation of lightning has grown with the advent of 3D-detection systems. This is part 1 of a three-part primer on lightning protection systems

Selecting the proper size capacitor bank for power factor correction at a pulp mill, with an existing capacitor bank in service, requires many hours of computer modeling and system simulations. This article discusses the calculations involved in specifying the capacitor bank and evaluates the system response to transient switching events involving the two capacitor banks. Finally, it provides a comparison

This article discusses the implementation of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 496 purge and pressurization requirements to install electrical equipment in Class I, Division 2 hazardous classified locations. It proposes a solution for a complete integration with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) control; fire detection; and gas detection systems.

Scholarly publications exist on several aspects of adjustable-speed drives (ASDs). Their application considerations, benefits, specifications, and operation are well understood. Medium-voltage (MV) drives have been applied not only to upstream, midstream, and downstream industries of the oil and gas value chain but also in other industries such as pulp and paper, cement, water and waste water, power

In many refineries and petrochemical plants, electrical equipment can be replaced only during a turnaround (TA). The TA length and workspace are key factors for work that can be accomplished within a finite time frame. This article describes the project execution used to successfully complete a scope of work in the allotted time. At an Olefins plant on the Texas Gulf Coast, a large amount of electrical

This article discusses the importance of managing developed electrical preventive maintenance (EPM) programs, challenges resulting from underdeveloped EPM approaches, and methods for implementing and managing these initiatives. Electrical equipment that has not been properly maintained can impact worker safety due to undocumented and unknown conditions. With aging infrastructure and modifications to

Ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), ESPEcially class A GFCIs, have been instrumental in reducing electrocution. A trinational North American standard governs the testing and certification requirements for class A GFCIs in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. However, the standard governing the requirements for special-purpose GFCIs (SPGFCIs), which include GFCI classes C, D, and E, is defined

In this article, we obtain precise theoretical expressions and various experimental dependences of the perceived depth in an arc 3D display and find that they coincide. We also propose two liquid-crystal (LC) active devices that can switch arc 3D images on and off by changing either the amplitude or frequency of a high applied voltage and clarify their main characteristics. The perceived depth in an

Presents the front cover for this issue of the publication.

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.

Presents letters to the editor for this issue of the publication.

Presents the President’s message for this issue of the publication.

Discusses the work conducted by the IAS society Electrical Safety Committee.

This article is reprinted from the “Scanning the Past” column in the April 2018 issue of Proceedings of the IEEE (vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 768–778). I am pleased that Dr. Adam Allerhand provided permission to republish this excellent article with refreshing viewpoints on the history of early electrification and electric power transmission. While researching these topics, I discovered his article and knew

Profiles IAS society member Jay Prigmore.

Presents the recipients of various IAS society awards.

Reports on IAS society standards deveopment.

Presents information on various IAS society chapters.

Reports on the mission and activities of the The IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS) YPs Global Mentoring Program (GMP).

Presents a listing of IAS society members who were elevated to the status of IEEE Senior Member.

Presents the IAS society calendar of upcoming events and meetings.

Presents the 2020 subject/author index for this publication.

From the concrete and known to the unfathomable and minute to the abstract and artistic, Matthew Hussey can say many things about his journey in life but never that it has been single faceted. Starting at an early age, in the form of passions for exploring and art that were paired with aptitudes for math and physics, it seemed as though fate had chosen him to study architecture. However, fate took

This article provides an electric ship history that starts during the early 1800s with the manual propulsion of small boats and concludes with modern electric vessels. An increasing demand for large ships for goods transportation, the cruise industry, and naval defense prompted tremendous research and development. Those efforts took place simultaneously in the marine industry and at universities, private

Motor vibrations are tested as a part of factory acceptance testing (FAT), normally on a massive foundation. In two-pole motors, there are two main sources of vibration: rotor unbalance and electrical twice-line frequency excitation. Low vibration implies that the natural frequencies of the motor are separated from the corresponding excitation frequencies. Usually, if the site foundation is rigid,

In the past 15 years, insurance industry data have indicated that stator end-winding vibration has become the most important cause of generator failure. The source of vibration is the current creating magnetic forces between coils, and it may be amplified due to mechanical resonance. End-winding vibration leads to failure by insulation abrasion or copper fatigue cracking. The extent of the repair caused

This article presents two alternatives to make choosing the appropriate cost-effective ac machine for a given application easier. One option increases the short circuit capacity (SCC) at the motor bus; the other uses a synchronous machine (SM) in lieu of an induction machine (IM). Both methods have the potential to yield higher-efficiency designs with better transient ridethrough capability.

The commissioning phase is the final stage of a project before production. This phase is where all the pieces of the puzzle have to come together. The objective of commissioning is to demonstrate to the end user that the goals and objectives specified in the project scope have met the requirements. This article focuses on premature failures of large motors in the oil and gas industries due to improper

The current development of adjustable-speed drives (ASDs) has made voltage source inverter (VSI) technology available to high-power applications, such as large axial compressors. Hence, the comparison of VSI technology to the traditional way of controlling large rotating equipment with load-commutated inverters (LCIs) is of interest. This article compares the ASD systems for shaft powers of 20 MW or

Efficiency improvements attainable with permanent magnet (PM) motors have been well documented. Some PM motors have been equipped with an induction cage in the rotor to allow direct online (DOL) starting. Designs of this type have been referred to as line-start PM (LSPM) motors. A topic that has not received much attention is the use of this type of motor with an adjustable-speed drive (ASD). This

The formula sae, or formula student, is an international vehicle design competition carried out by university students. This article deals with a fractional-slot synchronous permanent magnet (PM) machine designed to be mounted in the wheel hub of an electric vehicle (EV). By adopting an outer ironless rotor topology, a Halbach array magnet structure, and light materials, a low rotor inertia and a high-torque

The use of direct-drive machines in renewable and industrial applications is increasing at a rapid rate. Transverse flux machines (TFMs) are ideally suited for direct-drive applications due to their high torque density. This article presents a comprehensive review of permanent magnet (PM) TFMs for direct-drive applications. It introduces TFMs and their operating principle and reviews the different

TechRxiv is a free preprint server for unpublished research in electrical engineering, computer science, and related technology. Powered by IEEE, TechRxiv provides researchers across a broad range of fields the opportunity to share early results of their work ahead of formal peer review and publication. Researchers are asked to upload their unpublished research.

Pressents the front cover for this issue of the publication.

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.

Presents the President's message for this issue of the publication.