Robust scheduling for an integrated electricity and heat system (IEHS) is essential to hedge the uncertainties brought by volatile wind power and heat load that could pose critical security threats to IEHS operation. Because of the distributed structure of different energy sectors, their models are managed locally and private information must be protected. In this context, a decoupled solution is favorable

Small wind turbines (SWTs) are promoted to be used in urban areas to mitigate the carbon footprint and expensive upgrades expected from high penetration levels of fast charging stations (FCSs). In this paper, a planning framework is proposed to amplify the total benefit for the owners of FCSs and SWTs as well as local distribution companies (LDCs). A stochastic program is developed to site and size

In this paper, a novel deep convolutional recurrent network method, the K-shape and K-means guided Convolutional Neural Network integrating Gated Recurrent Units (KK-CNN-GRU), for short-term multi-step ahead predictions of wind turbine power generations is proposed. The KK-CNN-GRU is composed of three modules, an input tensor construction module, a two-layer clustering module, and a prediction module

The distributed control of DC microgrid is becoming increasingly important in modern power systems. One important control objective is to ensure DC bus voltage stability and proper current sharing with a reduced communication burden. This paper presents a new event-triggered distributed secondary control strategy for single-bus DC microgrid. Through this strategy, both current sharing and bus voltage

This paper proposes a frequency-smoothing scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) that can significantly eliminate the frequency fluctuations caused by continuously fluctuating wind speeds. To achieve this, a proportional-integral (PI) control loop depending on the frequency deviation instead of a proportional control loop used in conventional schemes is added to the maximum power point tracking

The increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems promotes utilization of PV inverters for volt/var control (VVC) in distribution networks. However, PV inverters are vulnerable and their reliability is one of the most critical concerns for sustainable PV energy utilization. To enhance PV inverter reliability, this paper proposes a PV inverter reliability-constrained VVC method of distribution

Today many large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants have been equipped with sky imaging systems. The sky images contain abundant spatio-temporal information of the local climate condition at the PV plant. Meanwhile, power outputs of the PV systems located at different sites in a certain geographical area also exhibit spatio-temporal correlation. It is of interest to improve the accuracy of PV nowcasting

Data exchange between multiple renewable energy power plant owners can lead to an improvement in forecast skill thanks to the spatio-temporal dependencies in time series data. However, owing to business competitive factors, these different owners might be unwilling to share their data. In order to tackle this privacy issue, this paper formulates a novel privacy-preserving framework that combines data

This paper proposes a bi-level optimal integration scheme for buildings’ space heating loads in the integrated community energy system (ICES). The optimal integration scheme consists of an efficient energy management method and a heating pricing method for the ICES with buildings. At the upper level, the ICES operator optimizes the schedules of energy generation and supply, and the heating prices to

Congestion problems might occur in distribution networks as the penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) progresses. This study focuses on the complementarity of multiple energy resources in energy hubs (EHs) to solve possible distribution network congestions. First, we consider an EH in which combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) units and heat pumps are integrated with renewable energy

Hydrogen is becoming an increasingly appealing energy carrier, as the costs of renewable energy generation and water electrolysis continue to decline. Developing scalable modeling and decision tools for the H $_{2}$ supply chain that fully capture the flexibility of various resources is essential to understanding the overall cost-competitiveness of H $_{2}$ use. Here, we develop a H $_{2}$ supply chain

This paper introduces the modelling foundations to study the fast frequency response (FFR) from utility-scale hydrogen electrolyzers (HEs). Specifically, we propose a dynamic model of the HE electrolysis stack, power-electronics interface, and downstream hydrogen process operational constraints, which is suitable for system-level frequency dynamics studies. We then model and study HE FFR dependency

The production cost modeling (PCM) plays an important role in the mid/long-term power system planning. With the increasing penetration of renewable power, it becomes solving a series of unit commitment (UC) problems for time periods up to one or multiple years. This process is greatly challenged by the UC solution efficiency which hinders its practical use. In this paper, a fast UC method is proposed

To enhance industrial park's economic gains and effectively allocate its electricity bill among industrial users with combined heat and power (CHP) units and photovoltaic (PV) panels, this paper proposes a distribution locational marginal price (DLMP)-based bi-level demand management approach. The upper level optimizes dispatching decisions of industrial users with the objective of minimizing their

This paper proposes a dynamic programming (DP)-based stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) method for the economic operation of solar PV-powered ice-storage air-conditioning (PIAC) systems. The forecast data of PV generation and building cooling load are considered as stochastic variables in this paper. To deal with the uncertainties of the day-ahead forecast data, Latin hypercube sequential sampling

The concept of nearly zero energy (nZE) or sustainable buildings is prominently featured in the EU's energy strategy. However, transitioning to the envisioned era of “smartness” and “sustainability” involves overcoming several technoeconomic barriers: the difference in nature between different building archetypes, the simultaneous management of daily and yearly objectives by the energy management system

Low-frequency oscillations have been observed in a real-world solar photovoltaic (PV) farm. The goal of this research is to build a simplified analytical model in the synchronous frame for large-signal simulation and small-signal analysis. The latter, e.g., eigenvalue analysis and participation factor analysis, can reveal influencing factors of the oscillations. Two simplified analytical models are

The encoder influences reliability and cost of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) operated solar water pump (WP). It is even sensitive to electromagnetic noise and temperature, which thereby reduces its accuracy. To overcome these problems, an encoderless PMSM control by using adaptive hybrid generalized integrator (AHGI) based sliding mode observer (SMO) for the solar WP system is presented

Present distribution grids generally have limited sensing capabilities and are therefore characterized by low observability. Improved observability is a prerequisite for increasing the hosting capacity of distributed energy resources such as solar photovoltaics (PV) in distribution grids. In this context, this paper presents learning-aided low-voltage estimation using untapped but readily available

District energy system (DES) has become a popular form of supplying comprehensive energy demands in local buildings. For DESs, the operational flexibility can be maintained by energy conversion and storage facilities. Hence, DESs are capable of providing operating reserves to local power systems. This paper addresses the implementation challenges of allowing DES to be deployed alongside conventional

This paper introduces a new framework for optimum design and operation of hybrid renewable energy plants (HREP) augmented with battery energy storage systems (BESS). A new renewable energy management system (REMS) is developed comprising three components: 1) Enhanced joint forecasting of wind and solar outputs based on deep neural networks and also multiplicative weights update (MWU); 2) an advanced

Solar energy is a strongly intermittent renewable energy source, which is affected by varied meteorological conditions, and thus produces arbitrary power outputs in photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Complex weather variations make it challenging to develop an efficient PV power forecasting method. In this study, a graph modeling method is proposed for short-term PV power prediction. Unlike many conventional

This paper presents Weighted Dynamic aggregation (WD agg) method to obtain an equivalent Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) for an induction machine-based wind farm using its dynamic model. The suggested approach obtains the equivalent d-q model of the induction generators considering the contribution of each unit in the model. The challenges in the aggregation of a large-scale wind farm are the variation

This paper proposes attention enabled multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) framework for active distribution network decentralized Volt-VAR control. Using the unsupervised clustering, the whole distribution system can be decomposed into several sub-networks according to the voltage and reactive power sensitivity relationships. Then, the distributed control problem of each sub-network is

In modern smart grids, the focus is increasingly shifted towards distributed energy resources and flexible electricity assets owned by prosumers. A system with high penetration of flexible prosumers, has a very large number of variables and constraints, while a lot of the information is local and non-observable. Decomposition methods and local problem solving is considered a promising approach for

The wind turbine (WT) terminal overvoltage during grid voltage swell events may result in tripping the WT and consequently threaten the secure operation of large-scale wind farms (WFs). In this paper, an optimal coordination of droop control and adaptive model predictive control (MPC) scheme is proposed to enhance the high-voltage ride-through (HVRT) and post-event recovery of large-scale WFs. During

Due to the intermittent and stochastic nature of solar power, solar power interval prediction is of great importance for grid management and power dispatching. A combination interval prediction model based on the lower and upper bound estimation (LUBE) is proposed to efficiently quantify the solar power prediction uncertainty. In the proposed model, the upper and lower bounds are separately predicted

This paper introduces a new framework for the reliability assessment of the distribution systems. The framework proposes three levels to include the effects of distributed generation (DG), energy storage (ES) systems connected to the distribution system and as behind the meter at the customer premises, coordination of resources, and cyber-physical systems. Methodology for level 2 reliability assessment

This paper addresses the economic dispatch problem in microgrids with multi-entities and uncertainties. A novel robust bilayer distributed optimization (BDO) method is put forward to coordinate the individual and collective profits. In the upper-layer of the BDO model, each entity in the microgrids develops a two-stage recourse-based robust dispatch model that minimizes the individual operation cost

The low frequency AC (LFAC) technology is found to be a competitive solution for offshore wind farm integration. This article proposed an LFAC system with a hybrid onshore back-to-back (BtB) converter, for which the diode-based rectifier unit (DRU) and modular multilevel converter (MMC) based inverter are adopted. Then, this article also proposed corresponding control strategies for offshore wind turbines

To address uncertainties, two-stage robust optimization (TSRO) methods have been widely used for power system operation and planning problems. However, solving TSRO problems with integer recourses of energy storage systems (ESSs) is challenging. This article proposes a feasibility pump based column and constraint generation (FP-CCG) solution algorithm to solve these TSRO problems. In this article,

Rapid developments in hydrogen fuel cell (FC) energy and DC microgrid systems have extended the applications of multiphase parallel interleaved step-up converters for stabilizing DC bus voltages. DC microgrid applications include vehicle systems, shipboard power systems, and more electric aircraft, which generate power at low voltage levels. The cascade architecture of a power converter in a DC microgrid

In the future power systems, a large number of offshore wind farms will be connected to the AC grids through high voltage DC (HVDC) and multi-terminal DC (MTDC) grids. As wind power penetration level increases, complex grid codes and regulations will be imposed on wind turbines for frequency support. To follow any grid code and requirement for frequency support, two important features should be included

Partial shading in a solar PV plant is an important concern as it reduces the output power. Dynamic array reconfiguration (DAR) helps in reducing the impact of partial shading. But, it has its own limitations. Further, DAR does not guarantee single peak in array power-voltage characteristics during partial shading. It requires sophisticated and costly MPPT controller to track the global peak in order

An ADMM-based hierarchical optimal active power control (HOAPC) scheme is proposed for synthetic inertial response of large-scale wind farms. The proposed scheme coordinates the active power outputs of wind turbines (WTs) inside the wind farm during the synthetic inertial response process, aiming to minimize the differences in the rotor speed of the WTs and the wind energy loss caused by the decrease

Before diode rectifier (DR) technology for connecting offshore wind farms (OWFs) to HVdc is deployed, in-depth studies are needed to assess the actual capabilities of DR-connected OWFs to contribute to the secure operation of the networks linked to them. This study assesses the capability of such an OWF to provide communication-less frequency support (CLFS) to an onshore ac network. It is shown that

Uncoordinated adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) imposes further load on the distribution network, and therefore may result in disruptive impacts on the grid. Transactive coordination of PEVs has been introduced as an effective approach to mitigate these negative consequences. This paper furthers efforts enabling PEVs to participate in a real-time retail electricity market under a transactive

Photovoltaic arrays with overlapped bypass diodes have dissimilar characteristics in comparison to normal-bypass diodes arrays. Investigation of partially shaded PV arrays with overlapped bypass diodes is more intricate because of the presence of shared PV cells linked antiparallel to bypass diodes. Calculating the power-peaks of partially shaded PV arrays is time consuming due to the need for simulating

As the penetration rate of new energies, energy storage devices and electric vehicles increases continuously in power grid, power grid faces strong random disturbances, as well as the issues of downfall in frequency control ability induced by the factors such as system inertia reduction and frequency control under-capacity in traditional power units. Therefore, an algorithm of automatic generation

Due to the long-distance transmission, external grid cannot effectively support the access point voltage (APV) of the large-scale wind farm (WF), which thus entails DFIG-based WF to provide its ancillary services on reactive power generation. Considering factors of limited down-sized converter capacity, various operating modes of wind turbines (WTs), and the large pressure of large-scale WF communication

With the rapid development of wind farm worldwide, monitoring the status of numerous wind turbines becomes the essential work. Abnormal data in wind power curve (WPC) are quite important for wind farm operations and maintenances because they usually reveal wind turbine failures or some extreme conditions. This paper proposes a new algorithm of WPC abnormal data detection and cleaning by image thresholding

With the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources in the smart grid era, there is an utmost requirement to develop prediction models that can accurately forecast solar irradiance. The stochastic nature of solar irradiance considerably affects photo-voltaic (PV) power generation. Since weather conditions have a high impact on solar irradiance; therefore, we need weather-conscious forecasting

The power synchronization control strategy for grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs) provides an operation similar to synchronous machines. It is able to avoid the instability caused by a standard phase-locked loop in integration into weak grids. However, the non-minimum phase phenomenon in the developed dynamics places a fundamental limitation on the ac system's stability. This paper proposes

In this paper, an arbitrage strategy is proposed for renewable-based microgrids (MGs) to overcome the volatile behavior of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as photovoltaic and wind in a newly emerged business space in which peer-to-peer (P2P) energy-trading in transactive energy markets (TEMs) set up between a day-ahead market (DAM) and real-time markets (RTMs). To identify arbitrage opportunities

Distributed energy resources (DERs) can be utilized as alternative power sources for fast service recovery in cases of distribution system outages. However, the diverse characteristics and stochastic nature of DERs impose challenges on the optimal operation of diverse resources during the restoration phase. In this article, we introduce a hierarchical structure to coordinate distribution system entities

This article develops a novel nonlinear controller for the mitigation of drivetrain torsional oscillations of wind turbine generators following large disturbances. The key idea is to integrate differential geometry theory with an extended state observer. Differential geometry allows transforming the wind turbine generator nonlinear model into a simple second-order Brunovsky system, whereas the extended

This paper presents a deep residual network for improving time-series forecasting models, indispensable to reliable and economical power grid operations, especially with high shares of renewable energy sources. Motivated by the potential performance degradation due to the overfitting of the prevailing stacked bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) layers associated with its linear stacking

While recent years have witnessed the high potential of various machine learning based schemes in wind turbine fault prognosis (WTFP), none of them effectively tackle the challenging yet practical issue of severe operational data loss during WTFP. To address this issue, this paper develops an intelligent time series (TS) data analytics approach for missing data-tolerant WTFP. Instead of struggling

This article proposes a new control strategy for the voltage regulation of unbalanced low-voltage (LV) distribution grids with high penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (DRESs). The proposed method uses the available reactive power of DRESs as the primary means for voltage regulation. Furthermore, its distinct feature is the use of a distributed control architecture prioritizing the

Health management can effectively extend the service life of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and reduce the maintenance cost. This paper proposes a health management method for the proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on an active fault tolerant control method. With the advantages of low cost and high speed, a stack voltage model is developed for the condition monitoring. The fast electrochemical

This article addresses the challenging task of developing a procedure for the day-ahead dispatch planning of wind power which emanates from a wide geographical area. Using the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition technique, it is shown that the low-frequency components of the area aggregated wind power account for the largest proportions of the perturbing energy harnessed from the wind. By

Axisymmetric heaving point absorbers are popular wave energy converters because of their easy deployment and insensitivity to incident wave directions. These devices are designed ideally to resonate with the incident wave to achieve high power output. However, as the device resonant frequency deviates from the dominant frequency of ever-changing irregular waves, the performance drops drastically. To

Thanks to the demand response (DR), the system operators have a substantial opportunity to manipulate the demand side of the power system. Moreover, the system operators can easily incorporate trending technologies such as electric vehicles (EV) due to the idea of introducing improved level of controllable loads. In this study, a real-time optimization-based energy management model for an EV parking

This paper develops an incident energy-based model for fixed multi-row bifacial PV systems considering ground albedo and different configuration parameters, including the inclination (tilt) and orientation angles, the height off the ground, and the horizontal distance between PV rows. The various view factors (VFs) involved in the study, sky model, and the angular position of the sun are included in

As a kind of renewable energy with economic and environmental friendliness, wind energy is widely used, although the high uncertainty of wind speed has significant impact on the operation and planning of wind power systems. Thus, scenario generation of wind speed is the primary step to obtain optimal decisions. However, as to the wind power plants to be newly-built or expanded, adequate wind data may

In this paper, the stochastic energy management of electric bus charging stations (EBCSs) is investigated, where the photovoltaic (PV) with integrated battery energy storage systems (BESS) and bus-to-grid (B2G) capabilities of electric buses (EBs) are included for cost-effective charging of EBs. Also, the day-ahead dynamic prices are derived to mitigate charging impacts on power distribution systems

In this paper we study dynamical distortion problems in future electrical energy systems with high renewable penetration. We introduce a new time-domain modeling of electrical energy systems comprising inverter-controlled distributed energy resources (DERs). This modeling is first used to quantify the relations between distortions and real/reactive power dynamics. Next, to ensure acceptable Quality

Inverters are the most vulnerable parts of the photovoltaic (PV) power plants. Therefore, choosing an appropriate inverter topology to maximize the reliability and availability of the PV power plants is very important, especially in the large scale power plants. This paper proposes a novel index named Total Financial Losses (TFL) to compare different inverter topologies from reliability and energy

Massive adoptions of combined heat and power (CHP) units necessitate the coordinated operation of the power system and district heating system (DHS). Exploiting the reconfigurable property of district heating networks (DHNs) provides a potentially cost-effective solution to enhance the flexibility of the power system by readjusting the configuration for heat supply, which has not been addressed in

In this article, the synchronizing dynamic issue of VSC dominated power system is focused on. First, based on the discovered analogous synchronizing dynamical process of VSC (voltage source converter) and SG (synchronous generator), the dynamics of VSC's PLL (phase locked loop) is modeled in the similar form of SG's rotor motion. The influence of control interaction on PLL is modeled in the same way