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Laser bleaching of tattoos: a new approach Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 A G Shubnyy, V S Zhigarkov, V I Yusupov and A P Sviridov
The dynamics of the formation and relaxation of microbubbles in a polyacrylamide phantom of tattooed skin under the action of a series of laser pulses with 15-ns duration is studied. It is shown that the growth of microbubbles occurs within a few milliseconds, and their lifetime varies from several seconds to several hours, depending on the water content in the phantom and the fluence (energy density)
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Acousto-optical analogue of a Fabry–Perot resonator Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 V I Pustovoit
A new method is proposed to increase the spectral resolving power of collinear acousto-optical filters by using optical feedback when the light leaving the region of its interaction with a periodic structure formed in the crystal by an acoustic wave returns to the input of the crystal, in which the diffraction process repeats itself many times. The light beam returned to the interaction region changes
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Optical coherence tomograph for non-invasive examination of the human middle ear Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 P A Shilyagin, A A Novozhilov, T E Abubakirov, A L Dilenyan, A V Shakhov, A A Moiseev, D A Terpelov, S Yu Ksenofontov, V A Matkivsky, V M Gelikonov and G V Gelikonov
The paper describes the design of an optical coherence tomograph adapted for studying the state of the tympanic cavity of the human middle ear. We present the images obtained by the method of optical coherence tomography, which are characteristic of the norm and of the case of pathology – otitis media with effusion.
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Study of the possibility of increasing the intensity of photochemical processes of riboflavin/UV photocrosslinking of scleral collagen by means of tissue immersion clearing Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 M E Shvachkina, Yu V Kistenev, A B Pravdin and D A Yakovlev
The possibility of increasing the efficiency of light action during scleral collagen riboflavin/UV photocrosslinking by means of immersion clearing of tissue before UV irradiation is studied. The effectiveness of photo-action is assessed by a decrease in the relative content of the photocrosslinking sensitizer, riboflavin, which is determined from the decay times of tissue fluorescence at different
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Fast method for computer simulation of luminescence characteristics of multilayer biological tissues with embedded luminescent nanoparticles Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 D D Yakovlev, E A Sagaidachnaya, D A Yakovlev and V I Kochubey
We report a fast and computationally stable method for computer simulation of optical properties of layered scattering systems containing luminescent layers. The method is based on the solution of one-dimensional scalar radiative transfer equations and makes it possible to calculate spectral and angular characteristics of luminescent radiation emerging from the system under various conditions of luminescence
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Analysis of the pulse waveform in arterial vessels using the spectrum of the autodyne signal of a laser interferometer Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 A V Skripal, S Yu Dobdin, A V Dzhafarov and I A Chernetsova
The results of measuring the derivative of the pulse wave using a laser autodyne based on the Fourier analysis of the lowfrequency spectrum of the interference signal are presented. The features of using the windowed Fourier transform for window types and window widths are discussed. The correlation coefficient between the derivative obtained by direct differentiation of the sphygmographic signal and
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In vivo non-invasive determination of the water concentration and water bonding properties in the human stratum corneum using confocal Raman microspectroscopy (mini-review) Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 M E Darvin, C S Choe, J Schleusener and J Lademann
Water plays an important role for normal functioning of the skin. The stratum corneum (SC) - the outermost layer of the epidermis - maintains the skin barrier function and regulates the water balance in the organism. Water is non-homogeneously distributed in the SC and its correct determination is important in dermatology and cosmetology. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) is the most suitable
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Measurements of quantum dot level populations using an optical waveguide Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 A V Tsukanov
A scheme is proposed for measuring electron level populations in a semiconductor quantum dot embedded in a multimode waveguide. The photon transmittance of the waveguide under steady-state pumping is shown to depend on the presence of an electron in the ground state of the quantum dot. The influence of waveguide, quantum dot, and photon source parameters on the electron detection process is examined
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Use of bursts of 1.54-μm microsecond laser pulses for cataract destruction Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 A V Belikov, S N Smirnov, S Yu Kopaev, M N Nemsitsveridze, Yu N Batov, A B Gubin and Yu B Pirozhkov
The possibility of using bursts of microsecond pulses of an Yb,Er : glass laser (λ = 1.54 μm) for cataract destruction was investigated experimentally in vitro for the first time. The energy in a laser pulse was limited from below by the eye lens destruction threshold and from above by the radiation resistance of the input end face of the radiation-supplying fibre. The energy of a burst consisting
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Generation of plasmon modes in a supernarrow nanoslit formed by silver surfaces Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 A K Sarychev, A V Ivanov and G Barbillon
We report a theoretical study of plasmon generation of a giant electromagnetic field in a supernarrow nanoslit formed by a silver cylinder and a flat mirror surface. It is shown that as the silver surfaces approach each other, gap plasmons are excited in the gap between them, which results in a resonant amplification of the field. It is demonstrated for the first time that the electric field amplification
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Interaction of laser radiation and complexes of gold nanoparticles linked with proteins Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 S V Zar'kov, Yu A Avetisyan, A N Yakunin, I G Meerovich, D Fixler, A P Savitsky and V V Tuchin
The results of numerical simulation of the near-field distribution inside and in the vicinity of two types of gold nanoparticles (nanospheres and nanorods) intended for producing complexes of gold nanoparticles linked with proteins and exciting photosensitizers in the wavelength range of 532–770 nm are presented. Quantitative estimates of the field localisation (enhancement) are obtained depending
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Laser biophotonics Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 A V Priezzhev, A E Lugovtsov, M Yu Kirillin and V V Tuchin
The first issue of the Quantum Electronics journal for 2021 is dedicated to laser biophotonics and features primarily the papers based on invited reports delivered at the International Symposium 'Optics and Biophotonics 2020' (https://sfmconference. org/files/20-sfm-program-5-10-20-total.pdf), which is part of the famous international conference Saratov Fall Meeting (SFM) held annually in Saratov (Russia)
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Laser-induced modification of the scleral collagen framework for changing its hydraulic permeability Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 N Yu Ignatieva, O L Zakharkina, E A Sergeeva and E N Iomdina
An action of the IR laser pulses with a wavelength of 1.56 μm, moderate intensity, and various durations on a collagen framework structure and sclera tissue permeability is considered. It is shown that the temperature thresholds of collagen denaturation in tissues under the laser irradiation are substantially lower as compared to those under conventional homogeneous heating in a calorimeter oven. A
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Prospects for using silicon nanoparticles fabricated by laser ablation in hyperthermia of tumours Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 O I Sokolovskaya, S V Zabotnov, L A Golovan, P K Kashkarov, D A Kurakina, E A Sergeeva and M Yu Kirillin
The efficiency of using silicon nanoparticles, produced by laser ablation of porous silicon in liquids, as agents for hyperthermia of tumours using laser radiation with wavelengths of 633 and 800 nm is evaluated. Using the optical parameters of the nanoparticles suspensions determined earlier by the spectrophotometry measurements, the heating of tumour tissue with embedded nanoparticles is numerically
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Adaptive system for wavefront correction of the PEARL laser facility Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 A A Soloviev, A V Kotov, S E Perevalov, M V Esyunin, M V Starodubtsev, A G Alexandrov, I V Galaktionov, V V Samarkin, A V Kudryashov, V N Ginzburg, A P Korobeynikova, A A Kochetkov, A A Kuzmin, A A Shaykin, I V Yakovlev and E A Khazanov
The results of the operation of a wavefront correction system based on a deformable bimorph mirror of the PEARL subpetawatt laser facility are presented. An improvement in the quality of focusing of laser radiation, which led to an increase in the Strehl ratio from 0.3 to 0.6, is demonstrated. The features of the compensation for phase distortions of the wavefront in the case of a low pulse repetition
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Numerical simulation of the beam self-cleaning process in a multimode graded-index fibre during propagation of a pump wave and a Stokes component Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 O S Sidelnikov, E V Podivilov, S A Babin, S Wabnitz and M P Fedoruk
A model of coupled modes is proposed, which makes it possible to describe the propagation of a pump wave and a Stokes component in a multimode graded-index fibre. A decrease in the depression in the centre of the profile of the pump wave intensity distribution as a result of the influence of Kerr effects and random linear coupling of modes is demonstrated.
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Nonlinear waves in a thin dielectric film on the surface of a topological insulator Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 A I Maimistov, E I Lyashko and S O Elyutin
Based on the dispersion relation for a wave localised in a thin film of a nonlinear dielectric, which is located on the surface of a topological insulator, we have derived a system of equations that describes the propagation of a surface wave. It is shown that the longitudinal and transverse tangential components of the electric field vector are related due to the nonlinearity of the film and change
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Seven-core fibre Raman laser with intercore coupling Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 A V Dostovalov, M I Skvortsov, A A Wolf, V I Labuntsov, O N Egorova, S L Semjonov and S A Babin
This paper reports results of a study aimed at producing a Raman fibre laser based on a multicore fibre with high-reflectivity fibre Bragg gratings inscribed in its peripheral cores using femtosecond laser pulses. We present spectral and power characteristics of a Raman laser whose output power at a wavelength of 1090 nm is 2.5 W. The laser emission linewidth has been shown to decrease as a result
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Spectrally selective fundamental core mode suppression in optical fibre containing absorbing rods Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 S S Aleshkina, T A Kashaykina, M V Yashkov, M Yu Salganskii, S V Alyshev, M M Bubnov, A N Guryanov and M E Likhachev
The feasibility of making a wavelength-selective fibre filter using fibre with absorbing rods in its silica cladding has been demonstrated theoretically for the first time. The technique described in this paper is of great practical interest for designing fibre lasers and amplifiers emitting at wavelengths where lasing is impeded by the presence of more energetically favourable radiative transitions
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Statistical characteristics of laser interference and its effect on IR optoelectronic observation systems Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 N I Pavlov and Yu A Rezunkov
We consider statistical characteristics of laser interference recorded in the focal region of an IR optoelectronic observation system under field and out-of-field illumination by laser radiation. The applicability of the analytical description of experimental histograms of the laser interference signal distribution at the photodetector array output using the probability density approximations in the
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Electromagnetic waves in an optical photonic lattice Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 O V Korovay
Laser light propagation in a photonic lattice consisting of two parallel waveguide arrays is theoretically studied using the coupled mode method, with the interaction of each waveguide with the nearest neighbours and between the waveguides of the arrays being taken into account. Analytical expressions are obtained that make it possible to accurately predict the presence of localisation of light depending
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Effect of CO 2 -laser power density on the absorption coefficient of polycrystalline CVD diamonds Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 M S Andreeva, N V Artyushkin, M I Krymskii, A I Laptev, N I Polushin, V E Rogalin and M V Rogozhin
The effect of 1-s irradiation of an uncooled polycrystalline CVD diamond plate by a focused cw CO 2 laser beam with a power density of 300 – 800 kW cm -2 is investigated. The absorption coefficient of the sample at a power density of 800 kW cm -2 is found to be 0.035 cm -1 larger as compared with that at 300 kW cm -2 , which is related to the temperature dependence of its phonon-induced absorption
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Destruction of absorbing metal films during laser printing with gel microdroplets Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 V S Zhigarkov, N V Minaev and V I Yusupov
The degree of destruction and evaporation of metal films (Au and Ti, thickness ≈50 nm) with a gel layer during laser transfer of small volumes of a gel substrate is estimated depending on the laser fluence value. The dynamics of these processes for dry films and films with a gel layer at fluences close to threshold values is investigated using a probe beam of a He – Ne laser. It is shown that the presence
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Production of two-colour radiation with polarisations of components rotating in opposite directions Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 V M Kotov
A method is proposed for the production of two-colour radiation with monochromatic components, the polarisation vectors of which rotate in opposite directions, and the rotation speed is controlled by the sound frequency. The method is based on acoustooptic (AO) interaction upon double passage of two-colour radiation through an AO cell made of a gyrotropic crystal; the method efficiency is demonstrated
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Synthesis of fluorocarbon nanofilms on titanium using high-power KrF laser radiation Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 P B Sergeev, A N Kirichenko, K S Kravchuk, N V Morozov and R A Khmel'nitskii
Fluorocarbon (C : F) nanofilms up to 60 nm thick are synthesised on a titanium surface. The films are obtained by annealing thin layers of fluorocarbon oil (FO) (with an area of 0.6 cm 2 ) in air with pulsed (80-ns) KrF laser radiation having a fluence of more than 4 J cm -2 . The strength of C : F nanocoatings turns out to be comparable with that of titanium and exceeds several hundred times the corresponding
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Output power saturation effect in Yb – Er fibre lasers Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 A A Surin and N V Kovalenko
The output power saturation effect in Yb – Er fibre lasers is experimentally observed. A formula for estimating the saturation power is derived. A method is proposed for measuring the 4 I 11/2 level lifetime or the concentration of Er ions based on the measurements of the saturation power.
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Application of neural networks to determine the discrete spectrum of the direct Zakharov – Shabat problem Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 E V Sedov, I S Chekhovskoy, J E Prilepsky and M P Fedoruk
A neural network architecture is proposed to determine the number of solitons generated by random processes in optical wavelength-division multiplexed telecommunication systems with QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 1024-QAM modulation. The dependence of the prediction quality of a neural network with a special architecture on the number of soliton modes in the signal and the parameters of this signal is studied
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Generation of high-power few-cycle femtosecond IR pulses by double-chirp parametric amplification Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 S A Frolov and V I Trunov
We present an energy scalable configuration for the generation of high-power few-cycle femtosecond IR pulses based on the sequential parametric amplification of chirped radiation pulses at the idler (0.86 μm) and signal (1.39 μm) wavelengths from the multi-terawatt femtosecond laser system made at the Institute of Laser Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ILP SB RAS). The configuration
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Pump depletion in Raman lasing in a graded index multimode fibre Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 A G Kuznetsov, S I Kablukov, E V Podivilov and S A Babin
We examine multimode diode laser pump depletion in a graded index multimode (MM) fibre Raman laser generating a high-quality Stokes beam. Spatial 'hole burning' in the transmitted pump beam is demonstrated. A balance model is constructed for interaction of the pump and Stokes waves in the MM Raman laser. Analytical formulas are derived and used in calculations demonstrating qualitative agreement with
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AlGaInAs/InP semiconductor lasers with an ultra-narrow waveguide and an increased electron barrier Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 V N Svetogorov, Yu L Ryaboshtan, M A Ladugin, A A Padalitsa, N A Volkov, A A Marmalyuk, S O Slipchenko, A V Lyutetskii, D A Veselov and N A Pikhtin
Semiconductor lasers based on AlGaInAs/InP heterostructures with an ultra-narrow waveguide and an increased electron barrier layer are developed. It is shown that the use of this waveguide in conjunction with profiled doping ensures a balance between internal optical losses and heat resistance. Additional use of strained wide-bandgap layers as blocking barriers limiting electron leakage from the active
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Radiofrequency synthesiser with an intrinsic instability of 5 × 10 -15 at the averaging time of 1 s based on a femtosecond erbium-doped fibre laser Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 A N Kireev, A S Shelkovnikov, A V Tausenev, D A Tyurikov and M A Gubin
A radio-optical synthesiser intended for operation in a radio-frequency master oscillator with an optical He – Ne/CH 4 frequency standard (λ = 3.39 μm) is developed on the basis of a femtosecond erbium-doped fibre laser. The synthesiser generates equidistant harmonics in the frequency range of 1 – 10 GHz with stability determined by the optical frequency standard. A stable supercontinuum spectrum is
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Photoacoustic methane gas analyser based on a 3.3-μm optical parametric oscillator Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 I V Sherstov and D B Kolker
We demonstrate a bench-scale prototype of a photoacoustic (PA) methane gas analyser that takes advantage of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a fan-out MgO : PPLN structure and resonant differential PA detector. The OPO emits in a repetitively pulsed mode (≈1750 Hz) at an idler wavelength of ≈3.3 μm with an average power of ≈40 – 50 mW. Using the prototype laser PA gas analyser, we experimentally
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Comparative analysis of characteristics of a supersonic cw chemical HF laser on molecular fluorine and nitrogen trifluoride Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 I A Fedorov
We have experimentally studied the characteristics of a supersonic cw chemical HF laser with a flat nozzle array based on a nozzle – nozzle reagent mixing scheme operating with the use of F 2 – D 2 – He and NF 3 – D 2 – He fuel compositions in an atomic fluorine generator. The active medium flow field pattern, its gasdynamic characteristics, and the laser radiation spectrum are considered. The comparison
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Investigation of the effect of noise parameters of a 3D lidar on the error in estimating relief signatures of distant objects from 2D field intensity distributions of reflected radiation Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 V I Ivanov and N I Ivanov
We consider the influence of noise parameters of a 3D lidar and external background radiation on the error in estimating the relief signatures of distant objects from 2D field intensity distributions of the reflected radiation. A physical and mathematical model is developed to analyse the effect of noise. The dependence of the error in estimating the relief signatures at various signal-tonoise ratios
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Spectrally selective modulation of terahertz radiation beams Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 A A Ushakov, M Matoba, Nemoto N, Kanda N, Konishi K, N A Panov, D E Shipilo, P A Chizhov, V V Bukin, M Kuwata-Gonokami, J Yumoto, O G Kosareva, S V Garnov and A B Savel'ev
We report the results of an experimental study on the focusing of broadband terahertz (THz) radiation using lenses and Fresnel zone plates. The obtained data are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It is shown that the use of lenses for focusing THz radiation can lead to the appearance of a ring structure in the spatial distributions of its intensity. The use of Fresnel zone plates
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Decay of a laser beam under stimulated temperature scattering in toluene as a result of two-photon pump absorption and nonsteady-state laser pulse interaction with matter Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 A A Gordeev, V F Efimkov, I G Zubarev and S I Mikhailov
The decay of the pump-beam spatial structure under conditions of stimulated temperature scattering of a pulsed laser beam in toluene as a result of two-photon absorption of pump radiation and time-dependent interaction of a laser pulse with a medium is considered.
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Frequency comb generation in WGM microsphere based generators for telecommunication applications Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 J Braunfelds, R Murnieks, T Salgals, I Brice, T Sharashidze, I Lyashuk, A Ostrovskis, S Spolitis, J Alnis, J Porins and V Bobrovs
We review the frequency comb generation process, main microresonator parameters such as free spectral range (FSR) and Q-factor, previously used optical frequency comb (OFC) generator parameters and resulting frequency combs, as well as the implementation of OFC for optical data transmission. An optical frequency comb is produced in a setup based on a tapered fibre and a SiO 2 microsphere. The generated
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Study of the behaviour of the light field orbital angular momentum upon astigmatic mode conversion Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 V G Volostnikov
We consider the behaviour of the orbital angular momentum of the light field as a superposition of Hermite–Gaussian beams upon astigmatic mode conversion. An analytical expression is obtained for the orbital angular momentum of such fields. Expressions are found for various linear combinations of Hermite–Gaussian beams. The astigmatic mode conversion of the initial light fields that are equivalent
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Evaluation of temperature changes in a cell culture plate well with absorbing walls containing a 3D model of tumour spheroid under irradiation in the optical range Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 N V Sapogova, D V Yuzhakova, A A Smirnov, M V Shirmanova, M M Lukina, A I Gavrina, A V Izosimova, E V Zagaynova and V A Kamensky
The temperature conditions for photodynamic therapy of the culture of tumour cells organised in 3D spheroids are studied. The spheroids are placed in the cell culture medium in the well of a special cell culture plate with absorbing walls. A mathematical model is presented that describes the temperature distribution in a well with a cell culture plate heated by optical radiation. It is shown that the
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Effect of collisions on the shape of the coherent population trapping resonance detected by the Ramsey method Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 G V Voloshin, K A Barantsev and A N Litvinov
We report on a theoretical model of the effect of coherent population trapping in alkali atoms in an optically thin gas cell with a buffer gas at a nonzero temperature in a pulsed laser field. The shape of the Ramsey resonance is analysed for two different temperature ranges, i. e. for a 'cold' atomic ensemble and for an ensemble of 'hot' atoms in a cell with a buffer gas. The influence of the hyperfine
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Two-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the caesium D 1 line in various configurations of counterpropagating laser beams Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 D V Brazhnikov, S M Ignatovich, I S Mesenzova, A M Mikhailov, R Boudot and M N Skvortsov
Sub-Doppler resonances in caesium vapours are studied in a laser field produced by counterpropagating two-frequency light beams with mutually orthogonal linear polarisations. The beams are in resonance with optical transitions in the D 1 line, the frequency difference of the field spectral components being equal to the hyperfine ground-state splitting in the Cs atom (≈9.2 GHz). It has already been
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Development and study of high-power quantum-cascade lasers emitting at 4.5 – 4.6 μm Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 V V Dudelev, D A Mikhailov, A V Babichev, G M Savchenko, S N Losev, E A Kognovitskaya, A V Lyutetskii, S O Slipchenko, N A Pikhtin, A G Gladyshev, D V Denisov, I I Novikov, L Ya Karachinsky, V I Kuchinskii, A Yu Egorov and G S Sokolovskii
Quantum-cascade room-temperature 4.5 – 4.6 μm lasers with different numbers of quantum cascades are developed and studied. It is shown that losses at the metallised sidewalls of the ridge waveguide considerably increase the threshold current density. It is demonstrated that the current density needed to overcome the internal and outcoupling losses in lasers with 30 quantum cascades is an order of magnitude
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Specific features of fluorescence transfer in multiply scattering randomly inhomogeneous layers under intense laser pumping Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 D A Zimnyakov, S S Volchkov, L A Kochkurov and A F Dorogov
Based on the analysis of experimental data on the effect of the pulsed laser pump intensity on the spectral properties and the size of the fluorescent response zone in randomly inhomogeneous fluorescent layers, we found that the amplification of spontaneous and stimulated emission significantly affects the statistical properties of the propagation lengths of the fluorescent field partial components
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Triple integrated laser–thyristor Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 T A Bagaev, M A Ladugin, A A Padalitsa, A A Marmalyuk, Yu V Kurnyavko, A V Lobintsov, A I Danilov, S M Sapozhnikov, V V Krichevskii, V P Konyaev, V A Simakov, S O Slipchenko, A A Podoskin and N A Pikhtin
A triple laser–thyristor, i. e., a semiconductor laser with three emitting sections monolithically integrated with an electronic switch (thyristor) is experimentally studied. For comparison, the output characteristics of single and double laser–thyristors are presented. It is shown that the functional integration of a laser with a thyristor in one heterostructure allows the laser to efficiently operate
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Thermal detector for measuring radiation parameters of pulsed lasers and generators of submillimetre and millimetre ranges Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 M A Kik, A S Sigov, A A Shilyaev and V V Zav'yalov
A theoretical formula is derived that makes it possible to establish a relationship between the speed and sensitivity of bolometers with geometric and thermophysical parameters of the receiving element and substrate. The result is confirmed by a preliminary (evaluation) experiment. The proposed thermal detectors can record and measure the radiation power of lasers and generators of the submillimetre
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Luminescence of Xe 2 Cl* upon laser excitation of Cl 2 – Xe mixtures in a wide pressure range Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 A P Shirokikh and S B Mamaev
The luminescence of Xe 2 Cl* excimer upon optical excitation of high-pressure Cl 2 – Xe mixtures by XeCl laser pulses (λ = 308 nm) with different energies is investigated. It is shown that small-signal gain of the Xe 2 Cl amplifier may reach ≈1.3 × 10 -1 cm -1 in a mixture of Cl 2 and Xe with partial pressures of 4 Torr and 9 atm, respectively, and an excitation fluence of 10 26 photons cm -2 s -1
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Strong mutual increase in the efficiency of isotope-selective laser IR dissociation of molecules under nonequilibrium thermodynamic conditions of the compression shock under irradiation in a bimolecular mixture Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 G N Makarov and A N Petin
We have revealed a strong (by a factor of 2 to 5) mutual increase in the yield of IR molecular dissociation (by the example of CF 2 HCl and CF 3 Br) and a significant (by a factor of 1.5 to 3) lowering of dissociation thresholds in the nonequilibrium thermodynamic conditions of compression shock in the irradiation of the molecules by resonance IR laser radiation in the bimolecular mixture in comparison
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Lidar-based remote infrared gas sensor for monitoring anthropogenic pollution: a proof of concept Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 V V Meshcherinov, M V Spiridonov, V A Kazakov and A V Rodin
We propose using wavelength-modulation laser absorption spectroscopy in combination with quadrature detection of scattered light for remote industrial pollution monitoring in the atmosphere with a compact lidar-based gas sensor, which can be mounted on board an unmanned aerial vehicle. The instrument can be used for detecting leaks in product pipe lines; monitoring toxic gases near landfill sites,
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Acousto-optic modulators for fibre-optic lines Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 V M Epikhin and P V Karnaushkin
The specific features of efficient matching of acoustooptic devices with single-mode fibres for the cases of isotropic and anisotropic diffraction are considered. The acousto-optic interaction geometry, optimal for modulating an arbitrarily polarised light beam with a possibility of tuning its frequency shift in the range up to ≈10 MHz, is chosen. Acousto-optic modulators/frequency shifters based on
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Imaging broadband soft X-ray transmission-grating spectrograph for a wavelength range λ > 111 Å Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 A O Kolesnikov, E A Vishnyakov, E N Ragozin and A N Shatokhin
A family of aperiodic Mo/Be multilayer mirrors was designed for maximum uniform reflectivity in the ranges 111–138, 111–150, 111–200 and 111–222 Å at normal radiation incidence. The simulations took into account the existence of Mo-on-Be and Be-on-Mo transition layers. It was shown that the reflectivity may be as high as 10% in an octave wavelength range of 111–222 Å. We demonstrate the operation of
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Quantum gates on asynchronous atomic excitations Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Y I Ozhigov
A method for realising a universal system of quantum gates based on asynchronous excitations of two-level atoms in optical cavities is proposed. The entangling operator of the CSign type is implemented without beam splitters, approximately, using the incommensurability of the Rabi oscillation periods in a cavity with single and double excitations.
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Mechanism of electron bunching by an ultrarelativistically intense laser pulse when crossing a nonuniform-plasma boundary Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 S V Kuznetsov
Numerical simulations were used to investigate the electron bunching induced by a laser pulse in its penetration into a plasma that has a nonuniform density profile at the vacuum – plasma boundary, which reaches a plateau. A mechanism was found to exist for this plasma which fosters a denser electron grouping in the generated bunch in comparison with the plasma with a sharp boundary. This mechanism
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Homogeneous broadening in the spectrum of a broadband erbium-doped fibre light source Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 S K Morshnev, N I Starostin, Ya V Przhiyalkovskiy and A I Sazonov
Interference of wave trains separated out in an inhomogeneous emission spectrum of a superluminescent erbium-doped fibre source has been studied by scanning the wavelength of a spectrum analyser. The results demonstrate that, as the spectral resolution of the spectrum analyser decreases to a level corresponding to a sharp drop in interference fringe visibility relative to its original level, near 100%
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Effect of defocusing on the quality of quantum ghost images Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 A V Belinsky
The effect of defocusing due to the finite thickness of the crystal, in which parametric scattering occurs, on the spatial resolution of ghost images is considered. The necessary relationships are presented, and methods of levelling this distorting factor and improving the quality of ghost images are proposed.
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Nonlinear Thomson scattering of a tightly focused relativistically intense laser pulse by an ensemble of particles Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 O E Vais and V Yu Bychenkov
We report a study of the process of nonlinear Thomson scattering (NTS) of a tightly focused relativistically intense laser pulse by an ensemble of electrons simulating the result of ionisation of an ultrathin nanofoil. The description of all six components of a laser pulse is based on the Stratton – Chu integrals describing radiation focused by an off-axis parabolic mirror into a spot down to the diffraction
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Investigation of the process of mixing reagents in the laser chamber of active medium generators of continuous-wave chemical lasers with promising nozzle arrays Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 A V Avdeev and B I Katorgin
It is shown that the use of a toothed nozzle array in the active medium generator (AMG) of continuous-wave chemical lasers (CWCLs) allows more efficient mixing of reagents to be achieved in the laser chamber than in an AMG with a slit nozzle array. The results of calculations of parameters of the active medium of a DF CWCL operating in the gain regime for the AMG with traditional and promising nozzle
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Acousto-optic modulators of high-power laser radiation on the basis of KGW and KYW crystals Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 M M Mazur, L I Mazur, A A Sirotkin, A V Ryabinin and V N Shorin
Different modifications of acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) based on KG(WO 4 ) 2 (KGW) and KY(WO 4 ) 2 (KYW) crystals, designed for Q switching of high-power pulsed lasers, is developed and investigated. It is shown that AOMs based on these crystals are universal, can be combined with different lasers in the wavelength range of 1–3 mm, and have a high radiation resistance in the absence of antireflection
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Generalised hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy of two-level atoms in an optically dense medium Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 K A Barantsev, Th Zanon-Willette and A N Litvinov
The peculiarities of Ramsey resonance and its sensitivity to the light shift from an optically dense medium of cold atoms are investigated. Different composite pulse protocols for clock spectroscopy, including hyper-Ramsey, modified and generalised hyper-Ramsey schemes, are compared. Error signals change significantly due to the processes of absorption and dispersion in the atomic medium. The dependence
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Viricidal and bactericidal exciplex barrier-discharge lamps Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 E A Sosnin and O S Zhdanova
A brief review is presented of investigations performed in 2002–2020 on ultraviolet inactivation of bacteria, vital cells, and viruses by using excilamps. The excilamp models that have been developed at the Institute of High-Current Electronics, SB RAS are briefly described. Scientific data acquired by now show that excilamps on KrCl *, KrBr*, and XeBr* molecules are an alternative to low-pressure
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Formation and optical properties of IR photoluminescence centres in bismuth-containing aluminophosphate glass Quantum Electron. (IF 1.184) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 A N Romanov, E V Haula and V N Korchak
We have prepared aluminophosphate glass samples differing in bismuth oxide content and demonstrating broadband near-IR photoluminescence. Analysis of their photoluminescence spectra leads us to conclude that they contain two main types of emission centres, one of which seems to be a bismuth monocation and the other is a cluster ion. In addition to these luminescence centres, the aluminophosphate glasses
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