Independent power decoupling (IPD) topologies are used to mitigate the twice-line-frequency ripple power in single-phase systems. Then, bulky passive capacitors or inductors can be removed. This paper proposes an improved IPD topology for single-phase current source converters (SCSCs) to remove the bulky DC rail inductor. It only adds one active switch and one diode. When compared with existing IPD

In recent years, resonant converters have been widely used in the fields of electric vehicles and renewable energy systems due to their excellent characteristics in terms of high energy density, high energy efficiency, wide output range, and wide ZVS range. Conventional resonant converters generally adopt pulse frequency modulation (PFM) in a wide range of output applications. This means the frequency

In this paper, an artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated direct torque control (DTC) scheme is developed for an electric vehicle (EV or eCAR) propulsion motor drive. In addition, a comparison is made between adaptive neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA)-based torque controllers. The integration of AI into EVs has attracted the attention of many researchers in terns if drive control, dynamic

The emerging interconnections of renewable energy sources that generate DC power have resulted in demands on DC grid systems. In this situation, a low-voltage DC (LVDC) grid system could be a solution for these DC power sources. For the reliable operation of a LVDC grid, DC faults are an issue and DC circuit breakers (DC CBs) are appropriate devices to clear fault current. However, there are some difficulties

Due to machining errors and the effect of the longitudinal end of a stator, linear permanent magnet motors (LPMMs) produce asymmetric three-phase winding resistance and inductance. After a Park transformation of the asymmetric three-phase stator inductance, the dq axis inductance is not constant, and the dq axis is coupled. This leads to errors in estimating the motor position by the traditional pulse

A novel carrier-stored trench bipolar transistor (CSTBT) with heavily doped carrier-stored layer (CSL) is proposed and investigated by TCAD tools. The voltage of CSL is shielded by a buried p-type layer (P-bury) whose potential is clamped by a p-type Schottky Barrier Diode (pSBD) in series-connection with a PN diode. Hence, the CSL can be heavily doped, and the trade-off between on-state voltage drop

This paper proposes a neutral section passing strategy for preventing the inrush current of an electric railway vehicle (ERV) with a solid-state transformer (SST). This inrush current is not generated when the ERV passes the neutral section by maintaining a dc-link voltage at a constant level that is higher than the peak voltage of an electric railway feeder using regenerative energy from the ERV.

This paper proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for a thin-film photovoltaic (PV) module with a flexible step-up DC–DC converter. To improve the voltage rating for the thin film module, a switch-inductor zero voltage transition (SIZVT) boost converter is proposed. In addition, the proposed methodology uses a multistage variable step size (MVSS) with a power close-loop control

A primary-side regulation (PSR) constant current (CC) output and constant voltage (CV) output AC–DC converter is proposed and an adaptive high-precision closed-loop constant current control scheme is put forward in this paper. In the CC mode, the converter adopts the closed-loop control strategy to realize that the switching period adaptively converges to twice the demagnetization time, which realizes

Efficiency is very important in inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) systems. To maintain a high efficiency, a maximum efficiency tracking (MET) method based on parameter detection is proposed in the paper. The basic idea is to convert the load value to the active short-circuit (ASC) time interval for the semi-controlled rectifier on the pick-up side. The ASC time interval and the transmitting

An aircraft ground power unit (GPU) can replace the auxiliary power unit (APU) in an aircraft while the aircraft is parked at an airport. Therefore, the problems associated with the oil consumption and air pollution of the APU are solved. However, the GPU is faced with challenges in terms of utilization, power quality, and fault tolerance. Thus, a novel centralized aircraft GPU based on a three-level

This paper presents a simplified model-predictive current control (MPCC) strategy to eliminate the common mode voltage (CMV) and reduce current harmonics for a dual five-phase voltage source inverter (VSI)-fed open-end load supplied by a single DC source. To eliminate CMV and reduce the current harmonics, 21 virtual voltage vectors were developed as an input control set for the proposed MPCC strategy

This paper presented an improved switching transient model of silicon carbide (SiC)-based asymmetric H-bridge (AHB) power converter for a switched reluctance generator (SRG), which takes the nonlinear phase inductance of the SRG into consideration. First, a systematic mathematic derivation is carried out and the switching transient model is established. Second, the impact of the nonlinear phase inductance

During the navigation of all-electric ships, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is required to compensate power imbalance and maintain bus voltage stability. For a HESS composed of multiple energy storage (ES) devices, an unreasonable power distribution causes the ES devices with a low state of charge (SoC) to draw from power supply early, which deepens the operating pressure of the other ES devices

The efficiency analysis and optimization methods for achieving optimal efficiency in two-coil wireless power transfer (WPT) systems have been considerably discussed. Recently, that the efficiency of three-coil WPT can be higher than its two-coil WPT counterpart with an extended transmission distance has been verified. Nevertheless, the research on the efficiency analysis and optimization of the three-coil

This paper presents an input-series hybrid dual active bridge (DAB) converter for efficiency improvement. The proposed converter is achieved by integrating a series resonant tank (SRT) into a single phase-shift (SPS) controlled DAB that shares one H-bridge at the secondary side. By using the super-resonant state of the LC tank, the phase correction of the secondary side H-bridge current can be obtained

The technical maturity of high-frequency capacitive wireless power transfer (CWPT) technologies has reached a point where they can be industrially introduced on a large scale. This paper will present the trends and the chronological efforts to improve and enhance CWPT technologies that are currently gaining interest and spotlight. Performance comparison between and analyses on recent works are provided

To solve the problems in estimating the state of health (SOH) of Li-ion batteries due to real-time estimation difficulty and low precision under various operating conditions, the variations of the SOH caused by increases of the internal resistance have been analyzed. Based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit model, the short-term effect of the state of charge (SOC) on the internal resistance

When compared with the three-level H-bridge inverter, the five-level active-neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) H-bridge inverter has high output voltage level, high output power, and lower current harmonic content. Thus, it has the potential to be applied to the vessel integrated power systems. This paper proposes a method of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for the 5L-ANPC H-bridge inverter

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-021-00258-0

DC microgrids adopt energy storage units to maintain the dynamic power balance between distributed power systems and the load. For DC microgrids in small-scale applications including residential microgrids, to ensure the coordination of the state of charge (SoC) and load current sharing among each of the energy storage units, an improved SoC-balanced control method without interconnection communication

The aging and malfunction of devices with great power have been the main causes of the collapse and failure of grid systems. Since they are frequently used in grid systems, the failure of a solid-state-transformer has a great impact on the energy-saving and normal operation of network systems. Moreover, the main switching element of a solid-state-transformer is a welding type IGBT, which is also the

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-021-00257-1

This paper proposes an advanced fault ride-through strategy using feedback linearization (FL) and sliding mode control (SMC) for squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG)-based wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Based on FL theory, a nonlinear dynamic model of a SCIG wind turbine system is linearized with only two decoupled state variables: d-axis stator current and DC-link voltage. Thus, d-axis

This paper presents a dynamic voltage restorer to solve the voltage sag problem that causes the most serious economic loss among various grid accidents. The proposed method, which uses a direct AC–AC converter, consists of a simple controller unlike methods using a voltage source inverter that is controlled using complex operations. Unlike the energy storage type, there is no additional energy storage

When permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are used in pump and fan applications where no excessive performance is required, the V/f scalar control method can be applied to enhance the ease of use for end users. For the voltage reference generation in V/f control, existing methods requires motor parameters such as the stator resistance, inductance, and back EMF constant of the permanent magnet

As a core piece of equipment in DC distribution networks, DC solid-state transformers (DCSSTs) are attracting more and more attention in academia and industry. Due to the limitations in terms of the electrical stress of the switches, the input series output parallel (ISOP) structure is adopted in DCSSTs. This paper proposed an improved DCSST topology based on a voltage balancing unit (VBU). This topology

Output voltage control is an important subject in magnetically coupled wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) applications. Conventional control methods for MC-WPT systems use the PI controller. However, this method suffers from three issues: time-consuming tuning work of the PI parameters, increased control complexity due to the needs of the modulator, and poor dynamic performance. To provide an attractive

The total harmonic distortion and switching stress of a three-level direct matrix converter (TLDMC) is greatly reduced in comparison with those of a conventional matrix converter (MC). Meanwhile, the TLDMC leads to major advantages in comparison with existing multi-level AC–DC–AC converter topologies in terms of reduced switch counts and lowered switching power loss. In this paper, a space vector pulse

Under the condition of a strong electric field, partial discharge often occurs when insulated wire is damaged. The recognition of partial discharge is an effective method for the fast and accurate detection of high voltage insulated wire faults. This paper proposes a PD recognition algorithm based on a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (LSTM). In addition, attention mechanisms

Cascaded H-bridge inverters with separated DC sources charging the DC-link are widely used in the industry application due to its inherent advantages. However, a failure of the DC sources can interrupt the power supply which results in economic loss. This paper proposes a soft-switching modulation algorithm to tackle this issue. A pre-set table lists all of the possible redundant module states that

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is favored by consumers due to its convenience, safety, and flexible layout. Circular and rectangular coils are the most common coil structures in WPT systems. However, they are not suitable for installation conditions with angled groove areas such as railways, conveyors, and so on. To fully utilize installation space and to improve transfer efficiency, this paper has

An open-end winding PMSM drive system with a common DC bus can produce zero-sequence current and high switching loss, which reduce the performance and efficiency of the system. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a fast modulation strategy that can effectively suppress the zero-sequence current, reduce the number of switching times in a sampling period to 6, and reduce the average switching

The Renewable energy system, electric vehicle, and telecommunication applications require relatively stable power converters with a high gain and enhanced noise immunity. A study of three different types of current-mode controllers for high-gain ultra-lift Luo-converter (ULC) is discussed in this paper. The stability of a constant frequency peak current-mode controller (PCM), an average current-mode

A large device count, weak boosting capability, and DC voltage imbalance are common issues in conventional multilevel inverters. In this paper, a novel multilevel inverter is presented that can generate the desired number of output levels with reduced devices by using new switched-capacitor circuits (SCCs). The two input sources and capacitors in the SCC can be switched in parallel and series modes

This paper proposes a selective harmonic active tuning control method for hybrid active power filters (HAPFs). A HAPF is composed of a voltage source inverter (VSI) and an LC filter. With this method, the VSI in the HAPF is controlled as a virtual capacitance that varies with the dominant harmonic frequencies. Thus, the LC filter can be forced to be tuning at these frequencies, which significantly

The main purpose of this paper to compare and analyze three types of controllers in the three phases DC–AC inverters in hybrid renewable energy source (HRES) systems. To achieve this, two modern controllers are developed and compared based on sliding mode control (SMC) and artificial neural network techniques. The HRESs comprise photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, battery storage systems, and transmission

The control system of a multiple-input dc–dc converter should ensure the stability of output voltage and reasonably distribute the power of multiple-input voltage sources. In addition, there is mutual coupling between multiple closed control loops, which makes the design of the control system difficult. Based on the ability of model predictive control (MPC) to deal with constraints explicitly, a model

To reduce the ripple of the magnetic flux and torque of motors and the reduce the hysteresis in motor speed control, an improved grey model predictive fuzzy direct torque control (DTC) method based on function transformation is proposed. First, a function transformation is used to transform the sampled sequences to nonnegative values. This overcomes the disadvantages caused by fluctuant and random

The current trend is to go for more electric systems that rely extensively on power electronics such as EVs/HEVs and electric aircrafts, along with an increased use of renewable energy resources and variable speed motor drives. However, some field failure reports have revealed that power electronic converters represent the weakest point in these systems. A significant percentage of system failures

For permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), current harmonics need to be controlled under two kinds of conditions. Under the first condition, the current harmonics caused by the non-sinusoidal back-electromotive force (EMF) and the dead time of inverters should be suppressed. Under the second condition, specific current harmonics should be injected to suppress the torque ripple of motors. Therefore

Considering the spread spectrum problem of finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC), a fixed switching frequency strategy based on cost function reconstruction is proposed in this paper. It achieves a fixed switching frequency by selecting the optimal voltage vector through the redefined cost function. A frequency coefficient is added to this to change the selecting area of the optimal

For a semi-controlled open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, to improve the steady-state control performance of the traditional predictive control system and to concurrently lessen the computation burden, a novel model predictive current control strategy is proposed in this paper. First, to achieve simultaneous control of the d-axis current, q-axis current, and current error-based cost functions

The drive inverters for high-power motors often need to reduce the carrier ratio (usually by reducing the lower switching frequency) to increase its capacity. However, the low carrier ratio results in motor control performance degradation. In this paper, an inverter and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are integrated to establish a unified prediction model with the delay caused by sampling

Due to increases in switching frequency, the electromagnetic interference of motor drive systems has been receiving more attention. In a motor drive system, the devices in the inverter produce serious electromagnetic interference during high-frequency switching. It is necessary to model the motor drive system to predict the electromagnetic interference level. Extraction of the motor impedance characteristic

In MMC-HVDC (modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current) applications, conventional control methods have defects such as complicated control and difficulty in controlling the internal energy of the converter. To ensure the safe and stable operation of an MMC-HVDC system, the problem of uneven internal energy distribution and increased fluctuations in the modular multilevel converter

To solve the problem of parameter mismatch in model predictive control (MPC), this paper presents a robust model predictive control method based on a fixed window optimization (FWO) algorithm for a three-level voltage source inverter that only needs to sample the current value. When compared with the traditional observer-based model predictive control (such as the Luenberger observer, sliding mode

An MC3 LLC resonant light-emitting diode (LED) driver is a multi-channel constant current (MC3) output solution based on LLC resonance. Through an effective combination of multiple transformers and a DC block capacitor, this driver allows constant current outputs in multiple channels when the LED channels are unbalanced. This study considers a fuzzy self-tuning proportional integral derivative (PID)

Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs), with the operational characteristics of synchronous generators (SGs), have been employed in renewable energy generation grid-connected systems to solve the problem of insufficient equivalent inertia, which is caused by the high permeability of distributed generation systems in the grid. However, a VSG does not possess low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability

Aiming at the rotor mass eccentric vibration caused by the mechanical unbalance of a bearingless induction motor (BL-IM), an unbalance mass radius product (UMRP) strategy is proposed to compensate for rotor displacement. By analyzing the principle and influence of the unbalanced vibration of BL-IM’s, a rotating coordinate system is established according to the rotor centroid, the size and orientation

Speed sensorless control systems with a full order adaptive observer of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) have received wide attention due to their advantages of simple structure, easy implementation and strong universality. However, they are sensitive to the load disturbances, which affects the speed performance of the control system. To solve this problem, this paper presents a disturbance

Although bilayer coil structures can satisfy the application requirements for inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) systems in practice, the transfer characteristics of systems (e.g., transfer power, transfer efficiency, and misalignment tolerance) under external interference are seldom studied. In this paper, an equivalent model of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a bilayer coils structure

In the field of e-mobility and automated guided vehicles, studies on a wireless power transfer (WPT) charging system have been conducted recently owing to its convenience, reliability, and positive environmental impact due to the elimination of cords. In this paper, a wireless power transfer charging system using a single-stage AC–DC converter is proposed that can be reduced in size and weight to ensure

The double-sided LCC topology provides an efficient compensation method for electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging systems. However, the existence of two compensation coils results in an electric vehicle wireless charging device with a large volume, high power consumption, and low efficiency. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a wireless charging structure in which the compensation coils

A MOSFET is often applied as the switch in medium and small power single-phase full-bridge inverters. In order to achieve efficient operation at a high switching frequency, a new efficient inverter is presented in this paper. In addition, two sets of identical auxiliary units are arranged on the two bridge arms. When the main switches need to be turned on in each switching period, the voltage across

The overmodulation operation of a three-phase inverter can enhance the output torque capacity of the AC motors. In this case, the enhancement varies depending on the overmodulation schemes applied for the overmodulation operation. Steady-state overmodulation schemes are usually employed to give the unit voltage gain up to the six-step mode of an inverter. However, these schemes lead to a slow transient

The breakdown strength and electron mobility of gallium nitride (GaN) are almost ten and three times higher than those of the silicon devices. Wide band-gap devices have a higher thermal conductivity, higher switching frequency capability, lower on-state resistance and lower power dissipation. Detailed analytical models in the electrical network and channel current variations of these devices during

Generally, position controllers for servo motor drives utilize cascaded structures with speed and current controllers in inner loops. This structure provides easy gain setups and independent limits for control variables such as maximum torque or speed. However, it suffers from a large computation time and poor dynamic characteristics for the position control since the bandwidth must be low enough to

The series capacitor converter is one kind of high-gain bidirectional DC–DC converter based on interleaved and switched capacitor techniques. For the n-phase series capacitor converter, n times voltage gain when compared with the traditional boost converter under a specific duty cycle, as well as automatic current sharing among phases can be achieved. The specific duty cycle is (n − 1)/n to 1 in the

An optimization approach for automotive power semiconductor switch module with shunt resistor using an inlay printed circuit board (PCB) is proposed in this study to analyze electrical and thermal characteristics under a given maximum temperature rise constraint. The final module with a shunt resistor and current measurement block is designed and manufactured by adopting the optimization results. The