A low current ripple high step-up interleaved boost converter with switched-capacitors and switched-inductors that can be used in renewable resources such as photovoltaic energy and fuel cells is studied in this paper. In the proposed converter, the voltage gain is significantly increased and the voltage stresses of the switches are reduced by applying two switched-inductor units to replace individual

To enhance the reliability of converters, many fault-tolerant converters have been proposed in the literature. However, the design rule is seldom proposed. The converter is usually a switch circuit that can be described by the matrix; therefore, the design of a fault-tolerant converter can be transformed to the matrix design. The fault tolerance of a circuit is mainly determined by its alternative

This paper proposes an integrated multifunctional power converter topology, where a traction battery charger (TBC), an auxiliary battery charger (ABC), and a motor drive converter (MDC) merge into an effective system. Traction battery charging, auxiliary battery charging, and motor driving operation modes can be realized by sharing power components. For the battery charging mode, a single-phase power

This paper proposes the reduction of common mode voltage (CMV) magnitude using a simplified logical modulator (SLM). This modulator uses the ideas of space vectors to detect and eliminate the high common mode vectors produced by carrier phase-shifted sine pulse width modulation generator. The proposed SLM has an inherent ability to eliminate the CMV spikes due to dead time, but it introduces short

A MOSFET-based series-resonant indirect-matrix-type power electronic transformer (PET) consists of line-frequency-switching folding–unfolding bridges and series-resonant dc–dc converters (SRCs), which is an attractive choice to achieve ac–ac conversion due to its high efficiency and high power density. However, the conduction losses, switching losses, and core losses in each of the high-frequency switching

Accurate estimation of the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is an important determinant of their safe and stable operation. In this paper, a method for the SOH estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on the least squares support vector machine error compensation model (LSSVM-ECM) is proposed. This method achieves a combination of an empirical degradation model and a data-driven method

For the probabilistic forecasting of photovoltaic generation, the design of a feasible online predictive framework is a challenging problem. To deal with this issue, an ensemble dynamic OS-ELM based on quantile estimation has been proposed. Considering inherent intermittent and random variations of the photovoltaic sequence, the weights of the forecasting model are updated according to the loss suffered

Recent developments in power electronics technologies have resulted in a need for fast responses and dynamic control. However, existing control schemes are still limited to the available digital signal processors (DSPs) and their associated high prices. The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) offers fast performance and high control flexibility by providing a reconfigurable computing speed. However

With the extensive application of lithium batteries and the continuous improvements in battery management systems and other related technologies, the requirements for fast and accurate modeling of lithium batteries are gradually increasing. Temperature plays a vital role in the dynamics and transmission of electrochemical systems. The thermal effect must be considered in battery models. In this paper

The natural frequencies corresponding to the particular mode shapes of a large turbo-generator must not be in the resonance region before delivery. Different parameters may clearly affect these dynamic characteristics. Different from other studies, this paper introduces a method for obtaining the inherent characteristics of end winding in a short period of time under multiple simultaneously changing

Circulating current has been an inherent feature of modular multilevel converters (MMC), which results in second-order harmonics on the arms currents. If not properly controlled, the circulating current can affect the lifetime and reliability of a converter by increasing the current loading, loss distribution, and junction temperature of its semiconductor devices. This paper proposes controlled circulating

The LCL type active power filter (APF) with a traditional repetitive controller has drawbacks in terms of poor dynamic performance, large steady-state error, and difficult digital implementation. A fast repetitive control (RC) algorithm was proposed in this paper in an effort to improve the APF dynamic performance without worsening its stability. To eliminate the non-integer delay of the traditional

A hybrid modular multilevel converter (HMMC) topology based on a bidirectional diode clamp circuit is proposed in this paper. The proposed topology ensures that the voltages at the ends of the capacitance between the two leads of each sub-module in the same phase are clamped to be equal to each other through the diode clamp circuit. The balancing process through the diode clamp circuit is bidirectional

Pulsating high-frequency voltage injection is an effective method for estimating the initial rotor position for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). This method is based on the magnetic saliency of a motor rather than a back-electromotive-force (back-EMF) model. In addition, it is feasible when the motor is static or in low-speed operations. However, accurate estimation of the rotor

Accurate estimation of state of charge is essential to ensure reliable and efficient management of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The working procedure of lithium-ion batteries is very sophisticated. Thus, developing novel methods for SOC estimation in nonlinear non-Gaussian battery system is inevitable. In this article, a novel adaptive cubature H-infinity filter (ACHF) is proposed. It

Various studies on arc detection methods are described. Series AC arc is detected based on the characteristics extracted from arc voltage, frequency, and time domain of the current. Methods of arc detection using artificial intelligence have been studied previously. In the present study, the performance of multiple methods is analyzed by comparing different input parameters and artificial neural networks

Due to the pattern of growth for electricity consumption, there is a need for developing power networks and transmission lines. The power transmission capacity of lines is limited due to a host of factors. Thus, these lines need series and parallel compensations to reduce losses, increase efficiency, and promote system security. In this paper, flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS)

Similar to synchronous generators (SGs), the phenomenon of low-frequency oscillation (LFO) may occur when virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is involved in power grid, thereby negatively affecting the stability of the power system. In this paper, the oscillation mechanism of the power system composed of a VSG and infinite grid (single-VSG infinite-bus system) is analyzed, the conditions for the occurrence

Due to the rapid development of DC transmission, research on DC side fault protection has also made significant progress. The bipolar short-circuit fault is one of the most severe types of DC side faults. It can cause a current surge, which affects the safe operation of a system. Therefore, this paper proposes a new type of hybrid DC circuit breaker (DCCB) to realize the rapid suppression of bipolar

At present, coupled inductance is an effective method for the development of the interleaved parallel converters in terms of high efficiency, miniaturization, and light weight. In view of the difficulty in designing coupling inductors in multiphase interleaved parallel converters, a general coupling inductor design criterion is proposed in this paper. First, the equivalent steady-state inductance and

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have attracted a great deal of research attention in medium-voltage motor drive applications. However, the excessive fundamental-frequency submodule (SM) capacitor voltage ripple at low speeds or during start-up poses a major technological challenge. This paper develops a new control strategy for SM capacitor voltage ripple suppression based on model predictive

In this paper, a phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter with a coupled-inductor-based rectifier is presented. The proposed PSFB converter alleviates the circulating-current problem of conventional PSFB converters. As a result, it can operate with a larger effective duty-cycle over a wide range of input voltage or output load conditions. The transformer turn-ratio can be better designed in terms

To verify the harmonic suppression capability of a series-connected 36-pulse rectifier and to improve the load adaptability of its harmonic injection circuit, a reliable selection method for the DC-side output capacitor of the rectifier is proposed. The sufficient and necessary conditions for ensuring the rectifier can operate under the 36-pulse rectification state is summarized, which is the basis

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a promising topology for high-power converters. The capacitor voltage balancing method for the submodules (SMs) is one of the key technologies in terms of modular multilevel converters. Aiming at the problems of the large calculation burden and the high switching frequency in the traditional capacitor voltage balancing method, an improved balancing method based

This paper proposes a high-frequency (HF) square wave voltage signal injection strategy for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) drives. Unlike previous methods, this strategy injects a square wave HF signal into the voltage directly regardless of the current loop bandwidth limitations. In addition, the injected frequency can surpass the cut-off frequency

Due to its unreasonable DC voltage distribution, the phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PS-PWM) method cannot be directly applied to equal-ratio and equal-difference hybrid CHB inverters. Thus, these types of inverters lose the double-frequency characteristic of the CHB topology. To preserve this double-frequency characteristic, reduce the switching frequency of the high-voltage cells, and simplify

The state of charge (SOC) of a battery plays an important role in the battery management system (BMS) of electric vehicles (EVs), since this provides the available runtime for users. However, since driving conditions are various, the monitored battery data (voltage, current, etc.) are also different. If mixed data are used to build an SOC estimation model, the accuracy of the model is low. On the other

To promote applications in the field of power electronic devices, the switching characteristics of 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes with a floating junction structure were investigated. The rectangular pattern structure was employed as p+-buried layers of the floating junction due to its process convenience. In addition, some low-doped p−-type layers were implanted in the drift region to improve the

A new method is proposed for the measurement of the junction temperature of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) during operation. The application of this method overcomes the problems arising from the complexity of measurement circuits or the difficulty of tests. The proposed measurement method uses the turn-on Miller plateau duration (tmon), i.e., the duration from the first rising edge to

For applications with hold-up time requirements, the LCLC converter can achieve a wider voltage gain range than the LLC converter without degrading the normal operation efficiency due to its variable-magnetizing-inductor (VML) structure, which is formed by an inductor and an additional capacitor. However, the wide gain range achieved by the VML is at the expense of a high resonant voltage stress of

This paper presents a computational reduction algorithm for applying model predictive control to a three-level four-leg converter. An optimal switching state is selected by only considering 7 voltage vectors located near the reference voltage vector, rather than using 81 voltage vectors in every sampling period, as in the conventional method. The sector, prism, and tetrahedron are sequentially selected

This paper presents an improvement in the thermal performance of universal motor, which improves the efficiency and increases the life of the motor. Excessive heating in the winding can lead to an insulation failure of a universal motor and reduce the life of a food mixer. Hence, to avoid hot spots in machine parts and obtain a homogenous temperature distribution, it is necessary to take the thermal

This paper proposes a six-step operation strategy for direct self-control (DSC) method of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) based on the torque angle. Conventional DSC methods for induction motors (IMs) have been studied for railway applications since these methods are suitable for controlling high-power traction drives and for extending voltage utilization through a six-step inverter

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has the advantages of flexibility, safety, and high reliability. Thus, it is widely used in portable electronic equipment, electric vehicles (EV), medical equipment, and other fields. The resonance compensation method of wireless charging directly affects the gain characteristics of the output current and voltage. As a result, this is one of the main research focuses of

Independent power decoupling (IPD) topologies are used to mitigate the twice-line-frequency ripple power in single-phase systems. Then, bulky passive capacitors or inductors can be removed. This paper proposes an improved IPD topology for single-phase current source converters (SCSCs) to remove the bulky DC rail inductor. It only adds one active switch and one diode. When compared with existing IPD

In recent years, resonant converters have been widely used in the fields of electric vehicles and renewable energy systems due to their excellent characteristics in terms of high energy density, high energy efficiency, wide output range, and wide ZVS range. Conventional resonant converters generally adopt pulse frequency modulation (PFM) in a wide range of output applications. This means the frequency

In this paper, an artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated direct torque control (DTC) scheme is developed for an electric vehicle (EV or eCAR) propulsion motor drive. In addition, a comparison is made between adaptive neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA)-based torque controllers. The integration of AI into EVs has attracted the attention of many researchers in terns if drive control, dynamic

The emerging interconnections of renewable energy sources that generate DC power have resulted in demands on DC grid systems. In this situation, a low-voltage DC (LVDC) grid system could be a solution for these DC power sources. For the reliable operation of a LVDC grid, DC faults are an issue and DC circuit breakers (DC CBs) are appropriate devices to clear fault current. However, there are some difficulties

Due to machining errors and the effect of the longitudinal end of a stator, linear permanent magnet motors (LPMMs) produce asymmetric three-phase winding resistance and inductance. After a Park transformation of the asymmetric three-phase stator inductance, the dq axis inductance is not constant, and the dq axis is coupled. This leads to errors in estimating the motor position by the traditional pulse

A novel carrier-stored trench bipolar transistor (CSTBT) with heavily doped carrier-stored layer (CSL) is proposed and investigated by TCAD tools. The voltage of CSL is shielded by a buried p-type layer (P-bury) whose potential is clamped by a p-type Schottky Barrier Diode (pSBD) in series-connection with a PN diode. Hence, the CSL can be heavily doped, and the trade-off between on-state voltage drop

This paper proposes a neutral section passing strategy for preventing the inrush current of an electric railway vehicle (ERV) with a solid-state transformer (SST). This inrush current is not generated when the ERV passes the neutral section by maintaining a dc-link voltage at a constant level that is higher than the peak voltage of an electric railway feeder using regenerative energy from the ERV.

This paper proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for a thin-film photovoltaic (PV) module with a flexible step-up DC–DC converter. To improve the voltage rating for the thin film module, a switch-inductor zero voltage transition (SIZVT) boost converter is proposed. In addition, the proposed methodology uses a multistage variable step size (MVSS) with a power close-loop control

A primary-side regulation (PSR) constant current (CC) output and constant voltage (CV) output AC–DC converter is proposed and an adaptive high-precision closed-loop constant current control scheme is put forward in this paper. In the CC mode, the converter adopts the closed-loop control strategy to realize that the switching period adaptively converges to twice the demagnetization time, which realizes

Efficiency is very important in inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) systems. To maintain a high efficiency, a maximum efficiency tracking (MET) method based on parameter detection is proposed in the paper. The basic idea is to convert the load value to the active short-circuit (ASC) time interval for the semi-controlled rectifier on the pick-up side. The ASC time interval and the transmitting

An aircraft ground power unit (GPU) can replace the auxiliary power unit (APU) in an aircraft while the aircraft is parked at an airport. Therefore, the problems associated with the oil consumption and air pollution of the APU are solved. However, the GPU is faced with challenges in terms of utilization, power quality, and fault tolerance. Thus, a novel centralized aircraft GPU based on a three-level

This paper presents a simplified model-predictive current control (MPCC) strategy to eliminate the common mode voltage (CMV) and reduce current harmonics for a dual five-phase voltage source inverter (VSI)-fed open-end load supplied by a single DC source. To eliminate CMV and reduce the current harmonics, 21 virtual voltage vectors were developed as an input control set for the proposed MPCC strategy

This paper presented an improved switching transient model of silicon carbide (SiC)-based asymmetric H-bridge (AHB) power converter for a switched reluctance generator (SRG), which takes the nonlinear phase inductance of the SRG into consideration. First, a systematic mathematic derivation is carried out and the switching transient model is established. Second, the impact of the nonlinear phase inductance

During the navigation of all-electric ships, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is required to compensate power imbalance and maintain bus voltage stability. For a HESS composed of multiple energy storage (ES) devices, an unreasonable power distribution causes the ES devices with a low state of charge (SoC) to draw from power supply early, which deepens the operating pressure of the other ES devices

The efficiency analysis and optimization methods for achieving optimal efficiency in two-coil wireless power transfer (WPT) systems have been considerably discussed. Recently, that the efficiency of three-coil WPT can be higher than its two-coil WPT counterpart with an extended transmission distance has been verified. Nevertheless, the research on the efficiency analysis and optimization of the three-coil

This paper presents an input-series hybrid dual active bridge (DAB) converter for efficiency improvement. The proposed converter is achieved by integrating a series resonant tank (SRT) into a single phase-shift (SPS) controlled DAB that shares one H-bridge at the secondary side. By using the super-resonant state of the LC tank, the phase correction of the secondary side H-bridge current can be obtained

The technical maturity of high-frequency capacitive wireless power transfer (CWPT) technologies has reached a point where they can be industrially introduced on a large scale. This paper will present the trends and the chronological efforts to improve and enhance CWPT technologies that are currently gaining interest and spotlight. Performance comparison between and analyses on recent works are provided

To solve the problems in estimating the state of health (SOH) of Li-ion batteries due to real-time estimation difficulty and low precision under various operating conditions, the variations of the SOH caused by increases of the internal resistance have been analyzed. Based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit model, the short-term effect of the state of charge (SOC) on the internal resistance

When compared with the three-level H-bridge inverter, the five-level active-neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) H-bridge inverter has high output voltage level, high output power, and lower current harmonic content. Thus, it has the potential to be applied to the vessel integrated power systems. This paper proposes a method of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for the 5L-ANPC H-bridge inverter

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-021-00258-0

DC microgrids adopt energy storage units to maintain the dynamic power balance between distributed power systems and the load. For DC microgrids in small-scale applications including residential microgrids, to ensure the coordination of the state of charge (SoC) and load current sharing among each of the energy storage units, an improved SoC-balanced control method without interconnection communication

The aging and malfunction of devices with great power have been the main causes of the collapse and failure of grid systems. Since they are frequently used in grid systems, the failure of a solid-state-transformer has a great impact on the energy-saving and normal operation of network systems. Moreover, the main switching element of a solid-state-transformer is a welding type IGBT, which is also the

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-021-00257-1

This paper proposes an advanced fault ride-through strategy using feedback linearization (FL) and sliding mode control (SMC) for squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG)-based wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Based on FL theory, a nonlinear dynamic model of a SCIG wind turbine system is linearized with only two decoupled state variables: d-axis stator current and DC-link voltage. Thus, d-axis

This paper presents a dynamic voltage restorer to solve the voltage sag problem that causes the most serious economic loss among various grid accidents. The proposed method, which uses a direct AC–AC converter, consists of a simple controller unlike methods using a voltage source inverter that is controlled using complex operations. Unlike the energy storage type, there is no additional energy storage

When permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are used in pump and fan applications where no excessive performance is required, the V/f scalar control method can be applied to enhance the ease of use for end users. For the voltage reference generation in V/f control, existing methods requires motor parameters such as the stator resistance, inductance, and back EMF constant of the permanent magnet