Abstract This paper presents the characteristics of permanent magnets in a synchronous reluctance machine by employing analytical and finite element methods. Four possible designs are studied and their characteristics are compared against a base synchronous reluctance machine with linear barriers to reveal machine characteristics. Then, the paper proposes a novel optimization topology to optimize permanent

Abstract One of the requirements for the electric machine designer is to provide an optimal back-EMF waveform in a high-performance application such as electric vehicles (EV) or hybrid EVs (HEV) systems. This paper presents a design technique for the shaping of back-EMF waveforms in brushless permanent magnet (PM) AC and DC machines. At first, back-EMF waveforms are calculated by an analytical model

Abstract The traditional service restoration methods are experiencing a significant challenge because the performance of such methods is often dominated by very large processing time. Therefore, it is important to develop a fast and an accurate method to solve a complex non-linear optimization problem representing the service restoration problem in a distribution system. In this paper, due to a binary

Abstract—Globally, the shading phenomenon has been identified as one of the major issues relating to the successful and effective operation of photovoltaic (PV) system. Shading can be due to neighboring development, passing mists, fowls or winged animals’ litter, etc. that will decrease the generation of PV system. The PV generations under partial shading can be enhanced by suitably selecting PV array

Abstract—Induction heating (IH) technology is increasingly implemented in domestic, industrial as well as medical applications in the modern era. Designing of modern IH system incorporates high frequency (HF) resonant converter that results in the generation of HF harmonics. The HF harmonics has an inherent tendency to back flow toward the supply side and deteriorates the power quality at the grid

Abstract This work presents an innovative approach for solving the problem of unbalance in three-phase induction motors (IM). The presented contribution is based on optimal controller operating with a quantized swarm-intelligence algorithm. The work starts by modeling and investigating the effects of unbalance factors on a three-phase IM operation. The mathematical model of the IM is based on steady

Abstract—In order to address the problems that model-based distance protection cannot correctly identify the fault phases in the DCTL (Double Circuit Transmission Lines on the same tower), a CNN-based (Convolutional Neural Network) fault phase identification method is proposed. The proposed method only uses the current and voltage waveforms of single-ended and single-circuit of DCTL to identify the

Abstract —Since voltage interruptions, sags and swells are Power Quality (PQ) disturbances with great economic impact, studies that seek alternatives to mitigate its effects have been conducted extensively. The PQ Brazilian standard names these disturbances as Short-Duration Voltage Variations (SDVVs), classified them in terms of magnitude, duration, and frequency of occurrence. These parameters are

Abstract—Microgrids usually operate in grid-connected or islanded mode. Due to substantial variation in fault current, same protection coordination scheme cannot be applied in both modes. Moreover, network topology keeps on changing due to momentary events. In this paper, an adaptive protection strategy is proposed to avoid any miscoordination between numerical directional overcurrent relays under

Abstract The requirement of a robust and adaptive control algorithm in active filters is inevitable nowadays. In this paper, an ADAptive LINEar neuron (ADALINE) based Least Mean Square (LMS) control algorithm is proposed for a three-phase-four-wire (3P4W) distribution power system under unbalanced loading conditions. The proposed controller has a unique inbuilt characteristic to extract the fundamental

Abstract—Shortage of nonrenewable energy resources, the pollution arising from extraction and exploitation of these resources, and increasing demand for energy, along with the intermittent nature of renewable resources have resulted in more attention to demand response programs in smart grids. Demand response includes activities like load management, energy efficiency, and energy saving. The residential

Abstract—Industrial Energy Measurement System (IEMS) used for measurement of electrical energy consumed by high-tension industrial consumers. It consists of three current transformers (CTs) and three potential transformers (PTs). Cost of IEMS increases with improvement in its accuracy class. The contribution of this article is that, it adduces design and development of high accuracy class and cost-effective

Abstract—A hybrid switched capacitor multi-level inverter topology is proposed in this paper. The topology has a basic unit and an extendable “n” module. The number of levels synthesized and the voltage gain delivered is based on number of such “n” modules connected in series. For “k” number of “n” modules, 4k + 9 levels can be obtained in the terminal voltage with a voltage boost of 1:(k + 2). Also

This paper presents the design of an embedded control system and its implementation on a DC-AC bidirectional converter for the interconnection of a DC Microgrid (MG) with the AC Main Network (MN). This control system was designed in LabVIEW and implemented on the NI myRIO platform, and it was used for the synchronization of the MG with the MN. Its main goal is to keep the stability of the DC bus when

In this paper, a novel hybrid population-based meta-heuristic algorithm, called the hybrid Phasor Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PPSOGSA), is proposed to solve the problem of optimal placement and sizing of inverter-based distributed generation (DG) units and shunt capacitors in radial distribution systems with linear and non-linear loads. The objective of the problem

This paper explores automatic generation control (AGC) of a more realistic 2-area multi-source power system comprising hydro, thermal, gas, and wind energy sources-based power plants in each control area. The wind power plants (WPPs) have been growing continuously worldwide due to their inherent feature of providing eco-friendly sustainable energy. But, operations of WPPs are associated with system

This paper considers the robust stabilization problem for Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy systems subject to input saturation. The purpose is the design of fuzzy controllers based on fuzzy anti-windup ensuring convergence of all admissible initial states within the domain of attraction. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated through two closed-connected High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)

The main objective of this paper is to propose a method that contributes to the automatic diagnosis of the IGBT open-circuit fault of an inverter for detecting and localizing the fault using the stator current spectral analysis technique. The proposal focusses on the use of the combination of signal processing and artificial intelligence techniques for the detection and localization of the fault. The

The data type and quantity of user load data show an exponential growth, so that the traditional load forecasting methods can hardly meet the load forecasting requirements of massive users. Aiming at this problem, a parallel OS-ELM short-term load forecasting model based on Spark is proposed in this article. By analyzing the characteristics of the Spark framework and the MapReduce framework, the Spark

Wide-area power system monitoring based on phasor measurement units allows collecting a set of physical variables for evaluating the system security and stability, as well as for detecting power system disturbances. However, trends, noise and non-Gaussian distribution in measurements are important challenges for carrying out the detection, localization and visualization of power system disturbances

In the present work, Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) based optimal re-configuration for balanced and unbalanced radial distribution networks using Affine Arithmetic (AA), with uncertainty in generation and load, is proposed to minimize the system losses. An expression for three phase real affine power loss is derived with partial deviations of real power loss in lines with respect to power

This paper proposes a straightforward second-order sliding mode control (SMC) approach to minimize current distortions and torque ripples of a switched reluctance motor (SRM). In the first step, conventional SMC is briefly recalled and detailed. Then, a special attention is paid to the synthesis and the implementation of a second-order (SM2) approach. Stability analysis of these two approaches is ensured

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are commonly used in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Nissan Leaf electric vehicle (EV) uses skewed-rotor IPMSM as a traction motor. This motor is considered as a benchmark in this work. Although, skewing improves the torque quality of the motor by reducing the torque ripple, it reduces the average torque and increases the motor manufacturing

Abstract—This article presents a novel torque ripple minimization approach based on the genetic algorithm (GA) for the switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. The fitness function of the GA is designed on the basis of two main optimization criteria. The first optimization criteria; three objectives are defined to optimize commutation angles minimizing torque ripple and copper loss. The second optimization

This article proffers an advanced solution to allocate the distributed generation (DG) and shunt capacitor (SC) banks optimally in radial distribution system (RDS) to alleviate the power losses, revamp the voltage profile, inflate the voltage stability index, shrink the total voltage deviation, and acquire more energy savings. In the framework of finding the optimal site and size of DGs and SC banks

Intermittency in the output power of renewable and green energy sources (RGES) and low inertia of a standalone microgrid (SMG) result in large frequency deviations. Use of energy storage systems (ESSs) alleviate the SMG frequency deviations in an adorable manner but their high cost and low power density calls for alternative sources to balance the mismatch between power supply and demand. In recent

In this article, the amalgamation of two well-established meta-heuristic optimization methods is presented to solve the multi-objective distributed generation (DG) allocation problem of distribution systems. To overcome some of the shortcomings of newly developed elephant herding optimization (EHO), an improvement is suggested and then, a prominent feature of particle swarm optimization is introduced

The study investigates the oscillation stability determined by phase locked loops (PLLs) in a weakly grid-connected wind farm with multiple permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). To this end, an equivalent model of the wind farm is derived. Based on the derived equivalent model, the oscillation stability of the wind farm as determined by the dynamics of the PLLs is analytically examined.

In order to analyze the randomness of wind power in dynamic economic dispatch (DED) with wind power, based on non-parametric kernel density estimation (KDE) technology, the probability distribution of wind power output and wind power forecast error is accurately modeled. A segmented statistical method on wind power forecast data is adopted to construct the confidence interval of the wind power output

This study proposes a multi-level power converter for a battery energy storage system (BESS) with bidirectional power flow. The multi-level power converter includes a DC-DC power converter, a selection switch set and a full-bridge inverter. The DC-DC power converter performs bidirectional power conversion and provides a DC voltage that is greater than the peak voltage of the utility. Integrating the

This article presents a single switch DC-DC boost converter using diode-capacitor (DC) modules and capacitor-inductor-capacitor (CLC) lifts. This topology can step-up the voltage of battery-input sources and power the DC-voltage bus of practical applications. The output voltage is the superposition of the voltage of capacitors in each module and inductors in each lift. Operational modes in on-off state

The basic P&O technique fails to track the MPP when a rapid change in luminosity and/or temperature has occurred because it cannot distinguish between disturbance of PV voltage and rapid change in environmental conditions. This study presents drawbacks of the basic algorithm and proposes a new variant of P&O with three incremental steps to differentiate the two states mentioned above, thus avoiding

Aiming at the problem of severe unbalanced magnetic force (UMF) of the switched reluctance motors (SRMs) caused by eccentricity, this paper analyses the radial electromagnetic force’s spatial distribution and frequencies under eccentricity and conduct a compensation method for the UMF. Firstly, the expression of the radial electromagnetic force under eccentricity is derived by using the method of magnetomotive

The aim of this study is to carry out a Wind Turbine Emulator (WTE) which represents the important hardware part to behave as a real wind turbine system with respect to the introduced wind timeseries for improving the wind power system technology control in laboratory. The proposed WTE consists of a variable speed drive which controls a DC motor as a prime mover coupled to a PMSG operated in open loop

This study introduces a fault location technique for three-terminal series-compensated untransposed parallel transmission lines utilizing the three terminals’ synchronized data. The proposed technique is applicable for short or long lines as distributed parameter line model is employed and the potential couplings are considered. The fault location for both uncompensated line sections is obtained adopting

The feasible region plays an important role in optimal power flow (OPF) problems. However, constructing the feasible region of general optimal power flow problems is a challenging task. In this paper, a trajectory-unified (TJU) method is developed to compute the feasible region of general large-scale OPF problems. This is the first attempt, to our knowledge, to develop a numerical method to compute

Estimation of a building’s heating and cooling loads is an important factor taken into account implementation of energy saving measures in order to enhance energy performance of the building. In this work, the heating and cooling loads are predicted to enhance the building energy performance using different types of artificial neural networks namely, Elman network, recurrent network and back propagation

A bilinear PI control based on passivity theory for the adequate integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in ac microgrids is presented in this paper. DERs are integrated into the grid by voltage source converters (VSC), the most common and suitable technology for this type of application. The proposed control guarantees asymptotically stable operation for the dynamical system under closed-loop

In this article, a new selection technique based on Enhanced Nature-Inspired Meta-Heuristic (ENIMH) optimization algorithm is presented to improve the Microgrid (MG) dynamic performance. Interconnected microgrids have the ability to provide a clean and sustainable energy during normal and emergency operating conditions. The concerned microgrid includes hybrid renewable energy sources (RES) and energy

In this article, an allocation method for superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) to reduce the exceeded short circuit current within the breaking capacity of the circuit breakers (CBs) is proposed. A cost-based allocation method is advised because of the high cost of SFCL depending on its type. In this article, the multiple parameters such as number, impedance size and type of the SFCLs in meshed

Single period economic dispatch cannot handle the intertemporal constraints in multi-period environment. To cope with this issue, the extension of economic dispatch over multiple time intervals (i.e., dynamic economic dispatch) has been introduced that considers the intertemporal constraints between different time intervals. Another issue is determining the most economical generation dispatch that

A short-term electric power and heat generation augmentation planning (EPHGAP) is portrayed and evaluated here. The objective of EPHGAP is to find out the most cost-effective and dependable expansion plan for meeting the forecasted electrical power demand and heat demand over a long-range horizon while fulfilling a large number of technical, cost-effective, reliability, and social constraints. The

Distributed generation sources (DGs) are widely considered as important sources of power generation in distribution systems during the last few decades. Despite the substantial benefits of DGs, increasing the penetration level of the DGs can cause dramatic voltage magnitude fluctuations. Coordination of the use of dynamic reactive power sources such as photovoltaic (PV) inverters and voltage control

The basic P&O technique fails to track the MPP when a rapid change in luminosity and/or temperature has occurred because it cannot distinguish between disturbance of PV voltage and rapid change in environmental conditions. This study presents drawbacks of the basic algorithm and proposes a new variant of P&O with three incremental steps to differentiate the two states mentioned above, thus avoiding

The feasible region plays an important role in optimal power flow (OPF) problems. However, constructing the feasible region of general optimal power flow problems is a challenging task. In this paper, a trajectory-unified (TJU) method is developed to compute the feasible region of general large-scale OPF problems. This is the first attempt, to our knowledge, to develop a numerical method to compute

This study introduces a fault location technique for three-terminal series-compensated untransposed parallel transmission lines utilizing the three terminals’ synchronized data. The proposed technique is applicable for short or long lines as distributed parameter line model is employed and the potential couplings are considered. The fault location for both uncompensated line sections is obtained adopting

The aim of this study is to carry out a Wind Turbine Emulator (WTE) which represents the important hardware part to behave as a real wind turbine system with respect to the introduced wind timeseries for improving the wind power system technology control in laboratory. The proposed WTE consists of a variable speed drive which controls a DC motor as a prime mover coupled to a PMSG operated in open loop

This paper proposes an on-line maximum torque per ampere (MTPA)/maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) trajectory tracking method in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with power management. The on-line MTPA/MTPV machine current trajectory tracking algorithm is developed from PMSM model. Maximum source current and machine current are regulated to enhance hardware protection during machine current

This article focuses towards agent based implementation of restructured power market with learning capabilities for generators. The market model considered for the analysis is wholesale market and through learning capability of the generator will confront self-sufficient smart generator to perform optimal bidding for a long term. The Agent Based Modeling for Electricity Systems (AMES) permits dynamic

This paper presents a novel current injection-based Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm with new PV bus representation (rCINR−PV) for improving the convergence characteristics. In this proposed algorithm, rectangular coordinates are used to represent all non-linear current injection equations. Test results are produced to discuss the reasons behind the non-convergence of different PV bus representation

The power transformer is an important part of the power grid. The aging of oil-paper insulation is affected by many factors such as temperature and moisture. In order to accurately evaluate the service life of transformer and ensure the stable operation in power system, a method for predicting the lifetime of oil-immersed pressboard under different temperatures and moisture content was proposed. This

A mathematical model of the partial-element equivalent circuit method is developed in this paper that can be used to accurately calculate lightning current along a high-voltage alternating current substation grounding system buried in multilayered soil. Combined with the fast Fourier transform (FFT), the conduction effect of the components of the current harmonics is analyzed, and the effect of capacitance

This paper presents a frequency-domain model of the symmetrical dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) in two working modes. Compared with traditional time-domain model, the presented frequency-domain model has simple expression and can be easily used in control system design and compensation. Furthermore, a frequency-model-based field oriented control (FOC) scheme for this machine

In this article, the dynamic state estimation of the islanded microgrids problem is addressed. The electrical network and energy sources are represented as a set of Nonlinear Differential Algebraic Equations, with the aim to capture the nonlinear phenomena and a novel solution, by using a variation of the Kalman Filter ad hoc for differential algebraic systems, is presented. In this representation

The design of an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller for the Brushless DC motor (BLDC) that compensates load torque variations in the rotor shaft without the measurement of the rotor shaft speed is presented. The reconstruction of the unknown load and motor speed is accomplished by the combination of a generalized Proportional Integral Control (PI) and a Luenberger observer, while the stator current

A gas discharge lamp is a device, which operates as a light source by producing electrical discharge in ionized gaseous medium. Discharge lamps are commonly used in the market and according to their physical properties they can be mainly classified in three different categories: high pressure, low pressure and high-intensity lamps. Ionized gases have tendency to produce ongoing discharges and finally

Wind energy has many advantages, because it does not pollute and is an inexhaustible source of energy. In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior of the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) with MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm and a pitch control, using a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The DFIG stator is directly linked to the grid; the rotor is connected via a back-to-back

This research proposes a parallel and distributed computation approach for the fast decoupled load flow (FDLF) analysis applicable to both transmission and distribution networks of large electrical power systems. In this approach, the overall repetitive FDLF computations are performed by the respective control centers identified for each sub-system, the sub-systems being formed by partitioning the

The high-brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) require an AC/DC converter with power factor correction (PFC). The large output electrolytic capacitor, which is used to minimize the low frequency LED current ripple, degrades the operating lifetime of the LED driver. In order to increase the lifetime of an AC–DC LED driver, the electrolytic capacitor should be eliminated without significantly increasing

The presented two-input two-output fourth-order integrated (TITO-FOI) DC–DC converter is capable of regulating DC-bus voltage and low voltage source current with only two switches and four energy storage elements. Each switch duty control signal in TITO-FOI converter system will affect the two output variables causing interactions. These interactions must be measured for proper controller structure