Palm biodiesel-ethanol blends could be the better automotive fuel over palm biodiesel alone owing to the high oxygen content and high volatility of ethanol. The evaporation and burning characteristics of palm biodiesel with 10%, 20%, and 30% ethanol by volume concentration respectively, were investigated by using the droplet experiment. Rapid bubble growth and bubble explosions during the heating stage

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Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

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Dennis Shapiro passed away on Feb 16, 2021. L. Dennis Shapiro was an IEEE Life Fellow and within CTSoc served on our Board of Governors and Chair of The Industrial Advisory Board Committee. He organized and served as the founding Chair of CTSoc’s Boston Local Chapter. On behalf of CTSoc, he engaged MIT’s Sloan School to do a market research study for CTSoc that has directed our strategy to better serve

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The articles in this special section focus on consumer technologies for smart agriculture. Smart agriculture has evolved as an innovative and resourceful paradigm of continuous real-time observation of the agricultural fields and thereby providing efficient management methods to respond to the variations that prevail among the crops. The smart agriculture is technically the Agriculture Cyber-Physical

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The articles in this special issue focus on physical unclonable funtion (PUF)-based systainable cybersecurity. The articles investigate the potential use of physically unclonable functions (PUFs) as a hardware security approach for sustainable cybersecurity. PUFs are a class of circuits that use the inherent variations in the integrated circuit manufacturing process to create unique and unclonable

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A neural network (NN)-assisted probabilistic shaping (PS) distribution matcher is proposed, in which the model is simplified by a structured optimization method. The NN algorithm can encode the information sequence, making the signal obey the Gaussian distribution, and can directly restore the received signal. In addition, the algorithm uses the novel training method at both ends of the transmitter

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Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

The papers in this special section focus on blockchain for vehicles and intelligent communications. The proliferation of vehicles and intelligent communications is generating enormous amount of data for enabling autonomous driving and innovative communications applications. The data may raise efficiency and security concerns to users, e.g., offering real-time services for smart phones/devices/vehicles

Insufficient parking space and traffic congestion are important usual suspects in our urban life. Organisation and managing available parking spaces have raised a lot of awareness. Traditional centralized parking approaches are with an insidious single point of failure and unsuitable for large organization because the manager is overburdened with authority and responsibility. The malicious service

To improve the safety and efficiency of the intelligent transportation system, particularly in complex urban scenarios, in this paper a game theoretic decision-making framework is designed for connected automated vehicles (CAVs) at unsignalized roundabouts considering their personalized driving behaviours. Within the decision-making framework, a motion prediction module is designed and optimized using

As a vital vertical industry empowered by the sixth-generation mobile communication system (6G), the vision of “smart rail mobility” requires a seamless wireless connectivity with the ultra high-data rate on the order of 100 Gbps or even more. This forms a strong driving force for exploiting the terahertz (THz) band where the available spectrum is massively abundant. In this paper, the smart rail mobility

In this paper, a novel pattern-diverse technique to enhance the coverage of the broadband high-gain millimeter-wave (mmW) antenna is proposed for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communications. It overcomes the limited coverage of a mmW antenna array, and the low radiation efficiency of a multi-beam mmW antenna array. This technique enables antenna to radiate two isolated beams with different tilted

A dual-band shared-aperture phased array antenna with wide-angle scanning capability (WASC) is presented in this paper for mobile communications. Each shared-aperture antenna element consists of two wideband microstrip antenna units with air-cavity for the C -band and one wide beam magnetic-electro dipole antenna unit for the S -band. To achieve the wide-angle scanning, a phased array should have low

Identifying a true, system-level optimal solution for hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) powertrains requires methods such as combined design and control optimization (co-design) to account for the coupling between powertrain design and optimal energy management strategies. Despite the widespread application of co-design techniques to HEV powertrains in recent years, limited research has been done to account

Sparse recovery (SR) is a promising tool for radar signal processing. However, SR-based target detection is still an open problem in the challenging scenarios of grid mismatch, very high dimensionality and constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) requirement. To address the above challenges, an efficient approach termed as knowledge-aided generalized approximate message passing (KA-GAMP) is proposed. Firstly

Multiple vehicles control at an intersection is one of the most challenging scenarios in the vehicle control field due to the high number of constraints. However, regarding the control strategies of an isolated intersection, few studies have considered the longitudinal-lateral dynamics comprehensively. In the approaches that treat the turning curve as a straight line, a longitudinal dynamic model is

Autonomous vehicles have to share the road with human-driven ones for a prolonged period in the near future. Thus, they should have the ability to understand the lane changing intentions of surrounding human-driven vehicles. Unlike human drivers, the state-of-the-art models used in autonomous vehicles recognize a driver's lane changing intention based on the target vehicle's lateral movement, which

GNSS has become a widely accessible technique for vehicle instantaneous velocimetry. GNSS time difference carrier phase (TDCP) velocimetry can provide high-accuracy displacement increments, through which the between-epoch average velocity can be derived. However, there are always so-called modelling errors in such velocity, i.e., the deviation between the average velocity and the instantaneous one

An onboard energy storage system (OESS) withfast-energy-exchange capability is needed to enable future grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations. To facilitate the fast energy exchange, the OESS normally interfaces between a high voltage (HV) bus on the grid side and a low voltage (LV) bus on the vehicle side. The HV bus can be up to 1200 V, while the LV bus is as low as 48 V, which

Abstract A two-term (TT) regulator with a compensator based on a neural network (NN) is proposed for use in the system of controlling electric drives of the lower extremities of an exoskeleton to compensate uncertain changes in gravity and friction in the joints of the skeleton’s mechanical legs. The mathematical model of the lower extremities (two legs with five links) is drawn on a sagittal plane

The prediction of a Lithium-ion battery's lifetime is very important for ensuring safety and reliability. In addition, it is utilized as an early warning system to prevent the battery's failure. Recent advance in Machine Learning (ML) is an enabler for new data-driven estimation approaches. In this paper, we suggest a hybrid method, named the CNN-LSTM-DNN, which is a combination of Convolutional Neural

The accuracy of motor characteristics prediction according to driving cycle can be improved by taking temperature change of motor into account. From this point of view, this paper proposes a fast and accurate coupled analysis method. To calculate motor circuit parameters, electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) is used. The proposed method consists of two stages to exclude the time consuming

Unified waveform design for automotive joint radar-communications (JRC) leverages the scarce spectrum efficiently and has become a key topic for investigation of late. Designing such a waveform necessitates meeting the requirements of both systems, thereby making it a challenging task. The contribution of this paper is to formulate the JRC design problem into an optimization problem and propose an

Abstract The intragroup movement of synchronous generators running for an infinite-capacity bus is considered. The flows of electromagnetic energy between the generators connected to a common bus are analyzed. The model designed in MATLAB/Simulink is proposed for this purpose and includes a system of generators, a line, and an infinite-capacity bus. The proposed model allows studying the stability

In inductive power transfer systems, a transmitter array can maintain high power transfer efficiency (PTE), despite lateral misalignment between the transmitter and receiver. However, a control method for reducing magnetic field leakage in this situation has not been found. Therefore, a novel theory of controlling the transmitter array is necessary for electromagnetic compatibility and user safety

The battery thermal management system of an electric vehicle consumes considerable energy when cooling the battery, which can reduce the driving range. To minimize the energy consumption of the battery cooling system, controllers need to be designed as an optimal control problem. A model predictive control can be applied to the optimal controller design, which can be implemented in real-time but at

Slip controllers are crucial for railway vehicle operation when a high tractive effort is required. The slip controllers have been developed for decades, and their developments continue. The developed slip controllers are based on many more or less effective principles. One of the perspective slip controllers determines a phase shift between an injected excitation signal to the required torque of the

When an electric vehicle (EV) is driving at a very low or high speed, there are cases where energy recovery is not possible because the back electromotive force generated in the motor is too small or large. In this paper, we investigate the application of the regenerative electromagnetic retarder's energy recovery method to the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of an EV. When the EV was driven

Abstract A naval electrical engineering and automation strategy is considered that includes improvement of power generation and distribution systems, as well as improvement of electric propulsion systems and propulsion machinery. The effectiveness of the use of valve generator sets and the transition to the distribution of dc electric energy is shown. New-generation static power sources are actively

Urbanization led to an increasing number of vehicles on the roads, resulting in more polluted air and more congested urban centers. This is being mitigated by the Hybrid Electric Vehicles equipped with telecommunication devices, which allow the implementation of predictive control strategies. This research is focused on the setup of an innovative and universal simulation environment for the development

In order to improve the transient and static performances of power following system in series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV), this paper presents a delay-dependent MIMO robust control strategy. The control scheme coordinates the engine and the generator in the auxiliary power unit (APU) to reach the optimal speed and torque synchronously to output the required power. By the way of Pade approximation

The mixed driving of human-driven and automated vehicles is believed to be the most likely future transportation pattern, and this work studies longitudinal-lateral state estimation for human-driven preceding target vehicles (PTVs) in such situations, as this information cannot be directly obtained by the host vehicle (HV). For longitudinal state estimation, the constant turn rate and acceleration

This paper investigates the electromagnetic force and vibration characteristics of a dual-stator consequent-pole hybrid excitation (DSCPHE) motor for electric vehicles. Firstly, the topology and operation principle of the DSCPHE motor are introduced. Subsequently, the temporal and spatial harmonic characteristics of airgap flux and electromagnetic force are derived and analyzed theoretically. The influences

Abstract Frequency-controlled electric drives constructed according to the scheme “frequency converter–ac electric motor” are widely used in modern technology and electric drive systems of various vehicles. At the moment, many methods of modulating the voltage at the output of the frequency converter have been developed in order to bring its shape closer to the sinusoidal one with the lowest losses

Abstract This paper presents the results of creating and testing a numerical dynamic model of startup heating during induction melting in a cold crucible. The developed model allows one to determine the electric and thermal characteristics of induction furnace in a cold crucible in the dynamic mode, which include distribution of heat sources in the furnace elements, temperature distribution in the

Abstract This study considers the development of an induction heating installation that will allow carrying out the last phase of the heat treatment of graphite fiber. In the first phase of development, the installation’s digital twin is created, which is a complex mathematical model for describing the behavior of the designed furnace in all of the phases of its life cycle. The features and difficulties

Abstract A method to determine the energy released in the elements of pulsed systems with powerful capacitive energy storage devices has been proposed. The method is based on an experimental study of a typical shape of current pulse in the device and determining the frequency range in which the research should be carried out, on determining the frequency characteristics of individual elements of the

Abstract— The paper considers the experience of upgrading a unified electric power system (UEPS) with an electric propulsion system (EPS) of the diesel–electric icebreaker Kapitan Kosolapov. The upgrading is caused by the need to replace the UEPS–EPS equipment and extend the icebreaker’s service life. Technical inspection of the main UEPS–EPS electrical equipment has been carried out before the upgrading

Abstract This paper presents a mathematical model of a servo system consisting of a linear electric motor pulling a hydraulic drive valve. An analytical description of its nonlinear traction characteristic, as well as the resulting reaction from the action of the electromagnetic force and the elastic force of the centering spring, is presented. The adaptive laws of control of a servo system and a comparative

Abstract The efficiency of systems for converting wind energy into electricity to a large extent depends on the ratio of the speed of rotation of the shaft of the wind turbine to the speed of the wind driving the wind turbine. In this paper, the dependence of the efficiency of a wind energy conversion system on wind speed is determined when using the mode of maintaining the maximum power point tracking

Abstract The tasks of identifying points of unauthorized power takeoff in a distributive network by measurements in some selected nodes have a lot of applications. The practical interest in solving them increases with a reduction in the number of network nodes necessary for monitoring. At a relatively constant voltage in the distributive network nodes, the determination of consumer capacities is confined

In downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with multiuser clustering, a single beamforming (BF) vector precodes the superimposed signal of strong and weak users. This precoding results in an imperfect inter-cluster interference (ICI) cancellation at weak users since the BF vectors are designed based on strong users’ channels. Also, the ICI is highly increased with the number of transmit antennas

Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) is one of the key technologies identified for future wireless networks to mitigate inter-cell interference, especially in a dense deployment scenario. However, CoMP can’t be realized for the whole network due to its computational complexity, synchronization between coordinating base stations (BSs) and high backhaul (BH) capacity requirement. BSs need to be clustered into

We consider a millimeter-wave communication system where the fading channel follows the Nakagami- $m$ distribution. We derive performance limits of such a system in terms of the diversity and coding gains. First, we argue that although traditional design criteria for space-time codes (STCs) are optimal for Rayleigh and Rician fading channels, they fail to capture the optimal diversity and coding gains

This paper investigates outage and throughput performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based underlay cognitive radio (i.e., CR-NOMA) network under partial relay selection (PRS) scheme. Here NOMA is used in the secondary network, where K half duplex, decode-and-forward (DF) relays are available for assisting the secondary base station (SBS) to deliver information to the secondary users

In this paper, we develop a practical approach for deploying Physical Layer Network Coding (PNC) in multi-user M-Ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. We formulate a PNC mapping scheme as a function of clusters of estimated summation and difference (SD) of the transmitted symbols from user pairs. Utilizing existing linear detection schemes

Due to its potential of increasing spectrum utilization, dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is a promising platform to solve the so-called spectrum shortage problem, caused by a huge proliferation of wireless applications and services. Because of good allocation efficiency and fairness, auction based mechanisms have been extensively studied in DSA, in which truthfulness is a critical property to guarantee

This work systematically develops and proposes the simplest form of Neural Network (NN) architecture for efficient detection of signals in an impulse radio (IR) ultra wideband (UWB) time hopping (TH) communication system. The simplicity of the NN receiver ascribes to the subtle change in the training method, which contrary to the conventional ones, requires the network to be trained with only 10000

Massive MIMO system yields significant improvements in spectral and energy efficiency for future wireless communication systems. The regularized zero-forcing (RZF) beamforming is able to provide good performance with the capability of achieving numerical stability and robustness to the channel uncertainty. However, in massive MIMO systems, the matrix inversion operation in RZF beamforming becomes computationally