Thermo mechanical fatigue and damage have been always an issue for solder joint materials used in microelectronics. Accurate damage and crack prediction is important to define the life cycle of these joints. This paper provides a finite element modeling approach used in combination with continuum damage model in order to determine damage level, update material’s constituent properties and to predict

Functional and intelligent soft materials are useful for controlled release of medicines and other molecules. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) gels are well known as thermo-responsive gels with large discontinuous volume change which is commonly called as the volume phase transition. PNIPAm gels are expected to be applied to controlled-releasable material for drug delivery systems. Furthermore

This paper presents a new design and modeling of a novel variable stiffness scotch yoke series elastic actuator (VSY-SEA) mechanism that can achieve variable stiffness values with a linear relationship between torque and displacement. The main goal of this study was to design the yoke’s shape in the scotch yoke mechanism for a system with the desired stiffness. The word “variable” in VSY-SEA does not

In this study, energy harvesting devices using Wiegand-effect transducer is investigated through integration with linear positioning measurement system. With the device, energy can be harvested due to the changes of magnetic polarities from linear position measurement system. Using numerical finite element method, the energy harvesting module is parametrically investigated to offer the optimal design

In this work, a modelling approach of complete RF-MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical-Systems for radio frequency) passives is discussed. The methodology takes into account both the non-linear electromechanical and the RF behaviour, and is suitable for being implemented and automated within a standard circuit simulator. The intrinsic electromechanical core is based on a structural hierarchical model library

Recent advances in microfluidics and micro-fabrication technology enabled the emergence of a new microelectrode-dot-array (MEDA) architecture for microfluidic biochips. The MEDA based design facilitates dynamic routing with variable sized droplets having advanced characteristics such as field programmability, higher level of reconfigurability and scalability. Unlike traditional digital microfluidic

A coupled nonlinear nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is developed for functionally graded Timoshenko nanoscale (FGTN) beams. This highly nonlinear-scale-dependent continuum model is solved numerically for dynamical responses for the first time. Hamilton’s energy minimisation technique is used for rotation-equation of the nanobeam in addition to axial-displacement and transverse-displacement equations;

Paper-based devices are particular of interest due to their unique properties including low-cost, flexibility, light weight and environmental-friendliness. However, till now the number of developed paper-based electronic devices has been limited. Here, a paper-based piezoresistive pressure sensor has been developed. In the fabrication process, graphite piezoresistors were fabricated on a paper substrate

The aim of this study is to develop a hybrid 3D printing platform integrating thermal-extrusion and electrospinning methods to fabricate bone scaffolds. The scaffolds made by mPEG–PCL–mPEG/HA biocomposite and their surface were enhanced by adding an electrospun fibre layer which improved adhesion and viability of osteoblastic cells. The scaffolds were evaluated by mechanical testing; biochemical analyses

This article presents a bonded dual-component microstructured planar device made of acrylic glass for vertical light emission. It features optical, cone-like undercut microstructures for efficient illumination from a light guiding plate. This microstructured light guide is designed with the help of numerical raytracing simulations for the use as an innovative luminaire for room lighting. It can also

The need for novel, minimally invasive diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomedical devices has garnered increased interest in recent years. Microneedle (MN) technology has stood out as a promising new method for drug delivery, as well as extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF). ISF comprises a large portion of the extracellular fluid in living organisms yet remains inadequately characterized

In this communication, we have designed, simulated, performance improved, fabricated and characterized a shunt capacitive RF MEMS switch with perforated serpentine membrane (Au). Fabrication is done using surface micromachining with four masks. AlN dielectric material of 50 nm thickness is offering high isolation of − 58.5 dB at 31.5 GHz, and incorporation of perforation to the membrane the switch

This paper investigates the nonlinear instability of a non-Newtonian fluid of the Walters’ B type. The fluids fill the regions inside and outside a vertical circular cylinder. An axial electric field of uniform strength is pervaded along the axis of the jet. The fluids are saturated in porous media. Typically, the nonlinear analysis is based on solving the linear governing equations of motion, then

Nonlinear coupling between modes through internal resonance has many applications in MEMS resonators. The primary objective of this work is to systematically study all possible internal resonance conditions between the first three modes and the feasibility of mode interaction in an electrostatically excited, straight, clamped-clamped beam. The static displacement and the first three natural frequencies

An important step in the MEMS switch fabrication is the formation of a suspended micron-sized beam. Typically, the beam is made of gold due to its high electrical conductivity and chemical inertness. However, the fabrication process is complicated by poor suitability of Au for chemical etching and deformation of the beam under residual mechanical stress. An additional disadvantage is a high price of

Digital Microfluidics (DMF) has potentially been a favorable platform for point-of-care molecular diagnostics. However, its fabrication process normally relies heavily on expensive microfabrication facilities and equipment. In this work, we developed a portable, small footprint DMF device that requires minimal microfabrication work (only a small clean bench and a DIY spin coater were required) but

On the lap of this modern era, human activity recognition (HAR) has been of great help in case of health monitoring and rehabilitation. Existing works mostly use one or more specific devices (with embedded sensors) including smartphones for activity recognition and most of the time the detected activities are coarse grained like sit or walk rather than detailed and intensive like sit carrying weight

Elastomer diaphragm tanks have been adopted in many spacecraft applications, such as upper stages, space platforms, commercial and civil spacecraft as a propellant tank in which liquid propellant is covered with a diaphragm and compressed into a combustion chamber by gas pressure. Investigating the dynamic response and the influence of various parameters on the modal properties is a significant issue

This paper begins by introducing various vibrational modes in disc piezoelectric devices and calculating their electrical properties. The measurement results of the composite and ceramic samples were compared and after verifying the results, the outputs were evaluated. In this study the analytical methods were applied to electrical characteristics in this type of electrical follower, leading to the

In this paper, the optimization is carried out for a synthetic jet based piezoelectric air pump. The structural parameters which affect the output flowrate are determined and orthogonal test method is used to find out the optimal values of these parameters. Driven by a 150 Vpp, 3.15 kHz sinusoidal voltage signal, the optimized pump reaches its maximum output flowrate of 2.79 L/min, which is 32.9% higher

Its intermittent nature and comparatively elevated capital costs impede the contribution of abundant renewable energy sources globally compared to nonrenewable sources. Intermittency makes most of the renewable energy sources to be grid connected for reliability and power quality issues, which makes economically infeasible for remote areas energy supply where standalone micro grids more preferable

A theoretical investigation is performed into the bending behavior of FOF-ACF (Flex-On-Flex bonded by Anisotropic Conductive Film) packages bonded at different positions relative to the neutral surface position. The stresses and strains produced in the upper and lower regions of the ACF layer are investigated using Mode I fracture mechanics theory. The results show that the region of the ACF layer

In the above paper a dimensionless parameter is wrong and many profiles are truncated and wrong.

This study presents a simple design for micromixers based on the concept of cantor fractal structures. This fractal structure is composed of different shapes of mixing units for folding and chaotic advection in fluid flow. Three designs known as YSUSAR, YTUSAR, and YSTUSAR are analyzed and characterized by concentration, velocity contours, line plots of Reynolds number versus mixing index, and the

Step-FinFET is an improvisation in various electrical characteristics with a modified mechanism. The gate length 20 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm has allowed an acceptable driving current and considerable power consumption which longer the battery life. The study consist of electron density, electron velocity, mobility, electric field, and surface potential to relate the improved device performance. The major variation

The paper reports on the investigation of honey as the electrolyte gate dielectrics of graphene field effect transistors. Transfer and output characteristics of graphene transistors were collected at room temperature and 40 °C under open air. Typical behaviors such as Dirac neutrality point and linear relation of drain current with drain-source voltage at low field and various gate bias voltages were

A Fully Differential Write Assist 10T (FDWA10T) SRAM cell has been proposed in this work. The various design metrics and their behavior under severe process variation have been analyzed in this paper and have been compared with other state-of-the-art designs - FD8T, SEDF9T, BI11T, WWL12T and D12T cells. The FDWA10T cell shows \(1.47\times/1.73\times/2.09\times\) shorter \(\textit{T}_{\mathrm{RA}}\)

The performance of TFET is limited by low ON state tunnel current. This paper introduces a novel p-channel tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) which incorporates a hetero-structure channel layer made of Si/intrinsic—SiGe. Also, tensile strained Si1−xGex p-type channel is used which enhances the device characteristics, where x is the Ge-mole fraction. The proposed structure exhibits a very small subthreshold

In this paper, piezoelectric principle based an actuator is design for a micropump, which is suitable for drug delivery systems. The natural frequency and stress analysis have been performed to determine the reliability of the device in terms of minimum safety factor. We have observed the uniform deflections of the actuators by varying the thicknesses of the piezoelectric layer of the actuator. The

The optimal operation of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) requires a sustainable topology. A dead node may result in a breach of end-to-end connectivity in the network. The thermal sensitivity of any sensor affects the lifetime of the node. Every sensor node has a typical operating temperature zone. Beyond the operating temperature threshold, the system reduces the performances and consequently forms

This paper demonstrates the automatic pick-and-place of a small object in 2D using a magnetically navigated microrobot (MNM) and a motorized micromanipulator (MM). A master/slave control mechanism is used in the manipulation process. The MM is the master manipulator. The MNM is the slave manipulator. To avoid damaging the object by large holding force and to maintain successful holding, a position-based

The concern about process deviations rises because that the performance uncertainty they cause are strengthened with the miniaturization and complication of Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) devices. To predict the statistic behavior of devices, Monte Carlo method is widely used, but it is limited by the low efficiency. The recently emerged generalized polynomial chaos expansion method, though highly

This paper is about the development of fluidic-based dome-shaped pressure sensor using spiral microchannel. The proposed pressure sensor consists of a dome-shaped structure, spiral shaped microchannel and coplanar electrode. Mechanical analysis of the dome-shaped membrane is carried out by using finite element analysis in terms of deflection and Mises Stress. A sensor with a 3.2 mm dome membrane radius

In this paper, an acoustic sensor having ZnO based circular diaphragm sandwiched between two aluminum electrodes as the key element that can find applications in energy harvesting from acoustic sources has been designed, modeled, simulated, fabricated and tested. The ZnO layer is RF sputtered on Silicon substrate and a cavity has been formed by back etching the substrate. The dimensions of the structure

In this study, a novel micro-gripper using a piezoelectric actuator was designed and improved by the design of experiments (DOE) approach. Using a bending PZT actuator connected to the micro-gripper by a rigid wedge can be considered as a novel approach in this field. Almost all of the similar grippers in this category were former actuated by a piezo-stack which has some limitations and difficulties

We present a circuit-level technique of designing a lower write-power along with variability-resistant 9-MOFTET static random-access memory cell. Our proposed bitcell exhibits lower write-power consumption owing to reduction of activity factor and breakup of feedback path between the cross-coupled inverters during write operation. It exhibits higher read static noise margin (by 3.09 ×) compared with

This paper presents beam modeling techniques for maximizing mechanical sensitivity of a butterfly resonator for gyroscopic applications. We investigate the geometric aspects of synchronizing beam that connects the wings of a butterfly resonator. Our results show that geometric variation in the synchronizing beam can have a large effect on the frequency split and sensitivity of the device. The model

In this paper, two types of RF MEMS switches namely step structure and Normal beam structure are designed and analyzed using different meander techniques. Three techniques namely plus, zigzag and three-square meander were used to lower the pull-in voltage. The actuating beam is designed with the rectangular perforations affects the performance of a switch by lowering the pull-in voltage, switching

This paper presents a new configuration of quintuple mode resonator for designing a bandpass filter for ultra-wideband applications. The multiple-mode resonator is constituted by two capacitive ended rectangular stubs and connected with a high impedance microstrip line. Inter-digital coupled feed lines are designed to excite the resonator. Standard analytical approach based on odd-/even-mode analysis

Polyimide microfluidic devices (MFDs) have been attached enormous significance because of its excellent organic-solvent inertness, biocompatibility, and thermal stability. In this paper, a novel fabrication method based on the thought of additive manufacturing, which is adding materials layer by layer from bottom to top, was used to construct a multilayer polyimide MFD. The MFD has sophisticated three-dimensional

Effect of heat generation and absorption on mixed convection flows in a sinusoidal heated lid-driven square cavity filled with a porous medium is investigated numerically. Both the vertical walls of the enclosure are insulated while the bottom wall is uniformly heated or cooled. The top wall is moving at a constant speed and is heated sinusoidally. The governing equations and boundary conditions are

In this paper, we proposed an amphibious spherical robot that can search and rescue from uneven terrain and also move in narrow underwater spaces. This paper presents three control methods for an articulated amphibious spherical robot. The first is a full-dimensional that is adapted the robot to the complex amphibious terrain, in this method, relying on a novel drive mode of mecanum wheels, the power

This research article discusses the amalgamation of different carbon nanostructures at low temperature and reports a highly reliable and efficient method for the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The inductively coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method utilizes a low substrate temperature (approx. 650 °C) for the growth purpose using toluene as carbon source. First

A combinational method, based on hybrid and junction splitting techniques, is used to realize a 4 bit high energy efficient SC SAR ADC. The hybrid switching scheme is very energy efficient in which the first three comparison cycles do not consume any energy. In junction split technique, the total value of capacitors does not remain constant. Rather capacitors are appended as bits are being determined

The anaemia disease diagnosed with various test such as complete blood count (CBC), ferritin measure, reticulocyte count, peripheral smear and blood gas analyser. The ferritin measure the storage and usage of iron in human body, reticulocyte count assess young red blood cell, and Peripheral smear analyse the cell colour, size, and shape of red blood cell through microscopic image. The blood gas analyser

In software maintenance, after modifying the software a system needs regression testing. Execution of regression testing confirms that any modified code has no adverse effect as well as does not introduce new faults in the existing functionality of the software. When working with object-oriented programming code-based testing is generally expensive. In this study, we proposed a technique for regression

This paper presents the development work on d31 mode piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. The device structure consists of a fixed-free type cantilever beam with a seismic mass attached at the free end of the beam. On top of the cantilever beam, a ZnO piezoelectric layer is sandwiched between two metal electrodes. The harvester is designed using an FEM tool CoventorWare. The simulations are carried

This article presents a second generation current conveyor (CCII) based PID controller that has been optimally designed using a crossover improved genetic algorithm (CIGA). PID controller is widely adopted in practical industrial applications and the current conveyors are being favored because of their enhanced characteristics. Thus, designing a PID controller using the current conveyors would augment

In the wireless sensor network, coverage area may be enhanced after an initial deployment of sensors. Though, some research works propose how to decrease the coverage hole by increasing sensing range or movement assisted sensor deployment, these are not suitable for energy constraint wireless sensor network, as longer mobility distance or higher power level consume more energy. In this paper, we address

Microsystem-based technologies are providing new opportunities in the area of in vitro diagnostics due to their ability to provide process automation enabling point-of-care operation. As an example, microsystems used for the isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from complex, heterogeneous samples in an automated fashion with improved recoveries and selectivity are providing new

We present a microfabricated 10 by 10 array of microneedles for the treatment of a neurological disease called communicating hydrocephalus. Together with the previously reported microvalve array, the current implantable microneedle array completes the microfabricated arachnoid granulations (MAGs) that mimic the function of normal arachnoid granulations (AGs). The microneedle array was designed to enable

An analysis is presented of the effect of the protective cover on the acoustic response of a miniature silicon microphone. The microphone diaphragm is contained within a small rectangular enclosure and the sound enters through a small hole in the enclosure's top surface. A numerical model is presented to predict the variation in the sound field with position within the enclosure. An objective of this

The frequency bands below 3 GHz are occupied by various wireless applications. The overcrowding of many applications in these bands is the primary source of distortion in the wireless system. To combat distortion in the system, the radio frequency (RF) blocks must satisfy the linearity requirements of the application. Hence, in this paper, a high linear wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) stage is proposed

This paper present the design and simulation of a circular patch antennas integrated with low pull in voltage novel iterative meander RF MEMS switch. The transmitting signal can be alternatively switch from 40 to 60 GHz by actuating the switch beams placed on the feeding line of patch antenna. The switch—B is actuated to allow the RF (radio frequency) signal to pass through switch—A to radiates the

Modelling/simulation and high-frequency characterization of hetero-junction Avalanche Transit Time (ATT) oscillators, operating in tuned harmonic mode, are reported in the paper. An equivalent circuit, that incorporates self-consistent, non-linear, single-frequency impedance and admittance properties of the device at fundamental, 1st harmonic and 2nd harmonic mode of oscillation frequencies within

DEHP (Di-ethyl hexyl phthalate), an ubiquitous chemical constituent of plasticizer, cosmetics etc. poses different abnormal neurological and behavioral responses in eukaryotic model organism C. elegans (Caenorhabditis elegans). Based upon such reports, we hypothesized that due to exposure of DEHP, the larval growth of C. elegans was altered and animals went into dauer at high concentrations of exposure

In this paper an implantable meandered patch antenna is reported. This antenna works in the ISM band of (2.4–2.5) GHz. This antenna is an example of significant size miniaturization of (15 × 21.5 × 1.5) mm3. Size reduction has been carried out with meandered patch printed antenna. As compared to other contemporary antennas this proposed antenna is capable of working in all different parts of the human

This paper presents a technology computer-aided design analysis of an ultrasensitive black phosphorus junctionless recessed channel MOSFET as a biosensor. A nano cavity gap is embedded in the gate insulator region (for molecules immobilization) due to which gate capacitance changes owing to the accumulation of different molecules which reflects the deviation in threshold voltage. Higher sensitivity

Increased use of internet demands substantial protection for secret image file from any adversary, specifically during transmission. In the field of cryptography there are two role models: cryptographer and crypt-analyst/attacker. The cryptographer develops techniques to make sure certain safety and security for transmissions while the crypt-analyst attempts to undo the former’s work by cracking the

The information are need to modulate using irreproducible and unpredictable digital bit stream to get a secure digital communication systems. Hence, True random number generator (TRNG) is a significant aspirant in digital circuit to yield unpredictable digital bit stream. In this assignment self starved feedback SRAM based TRNG is proposed in quantum cellular automata (QCA) technology. Moreover, QCA