In this work, drain current ID for 3 nm gate length of triple material (TM) double surrounding gate (DSG) inversion mode (IM) and junctionless (JL) Si nanotube (SiNT) MOSFET has been studied and simulation results are reported using Silvaco ATLAS 3D TCAD. In this device we consider the Non Equilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) approach and self-consistent solution of Poisson’s equation with Schrodinger’s

In this research a biologically inspired finger-like mechanism similar to human musculoskeletal system is developed based on Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs). SMA actuators are inspiring the design of a modular finger part with compact and compliant actuation. A three-segmented finger-like mechanism is designed and fabricated. This mechanism is composed of six bending Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators.

A comprehensive review of the modeling approaches used to simulate the behaviors of micro/nano-gyroscopes is presented. The performance and sensitivity of these inertial sensors can be significantly improved through understanding their governing dynamics and exploiting specific phenomena and distinctive features. Such understanding can be developed by solving and analyzing their governing equations

This paper presents Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) diaphragm based piezoresistive pressure sensor for biomedical applications. A piezoresistive pressure sensor with a squared bossed diaphragm structure was developed for a low-pressure range. A trade-off between the deformation of the diaphragm and the stress induced in the piezo resistors on the diaphragm edge is analysis by using Carbon nanotubes

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of problems and some research gaps for better understanding of piezoelectric micropump studies. Micropumps have important and diverse application areas in health and engineering applications. In recent years, researchers have carried out simulations, analytical and experimental studies to develop these technologies with different methods for the same

In this research we present an algorithm for a six-wheeled robotic vehicle with articulated suspension (RVAS) to estimate the vehicle velocity and acceleration states, slip ratio and the tire forces. The estimation algorithm consists of six parts. In the first part, a wheel state estimator estimates the wheel rotational speed and its angular acceleration using Kalman filter, which is used to estimate

The University of the corresponding author should be Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia.

Exoskeleton robot-assisted physical therapy has recently been studied extensively due to its proven effectiveness in providing different forms of physical therapy at any stage of physical recovery. The efficacy of robot-assisted physical therapy depends on the maneuverability of the robot during the rehabilitation application. Robot dynamics is inherently nonlinear. Often, robot control algorithms

A new portable blood flow volume (BFV) sensor is developed from the function of estimating oxygen saturation (SpO2) implemented inherently to maximize the accuracy of predicting BFV. The sensor is designed to estimate BFV in high accuracy at the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of a hemodialysis (HD) patient based on a built artificial neural network (ANN). The BFVs measured by the proposed sensor would

In this paper, a novel electromagnetic micropositioner is designed from an orthogonal 3-P(4S) parallel mechanism through the substitution method and modular design techniques. Preliminary prototype experiments show that the micropositioner possesses an excellent decoupling performance. Thus an independent control strategy is carried out for the motion control of the micropositioner. An RBF neural networks

This study proposes the design of a light to digital converter (LDC) for the long-time continuous monitoring of the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal. The design system incorporates a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a delta-sigma modulator (DSM), and a decimation filter. The analog front-end circuit is implemented in the integrated chip with the chip area of 2.76 mm2 and fabricated via TSMC T18 process

In this study, a hardware design that is micro-sized and capable of parallel processing is proposed for the solution of the most basic engineering problem required to control a serial robot manipulator. The proposed hardware design is in the form of FPGA-based digital circuit and has been realized in two different ways, serial and parallel. Forward kinematics problem solution of a 7-joint serial robot

Application of innovative technologies for the design and development of state-of-the-art weapons, enable precision aiming and maximum destruction, with minimal collateral damage. Modern warfare is based on accurate guidance and information superiority; hence next generation of weapons tends to be more reliable, intelligent, lightweight and compact. Fuze is one of the key components in the next generation

In the field of low power VLSI, the charge recovery property of adiabatic logic has been liked by the VLSI researchers. And this stimulates the research of various charge recovery techniques for low power computation. The applications of adiabatic logic in digital circuits are well understood, whereas mixed signals and analog circuits are yet to be explored. In this work, the author presents a wave

In this paper, a procedure to release SU-8 layers from glass substrates using typical undesirable effects is described. The proposed process can be used as lift off or stripping. The releasing method consists in taking advantage of the undesired thermal delamination, and the effect of UV overexposure on the delamination temperature, which are considered undesirable effects. This implies the use of

The thesis takes comb capacitance type micro-accelerometer as the research target and designs a new type of biaxial micro-accelerometer with variable cross-section beam. The biaxial accelerometer is mainly composed of proof mass, comb capacitation and cantilever beam. The design of cantilever beam is based on variable cross section. The section size increases linearly with the increase of the beam

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In these days of great attention around the dawn of 5G deployment, the future 6G scenario poses challenges and sketches trends that, according to the opinion of prominent scholar and scientists, fall far beyond the boundaries of the field that 5G will manage to conquer. In a nutshell, the classical approaches in designing devices, systems and infrastructures, which have been seamlessly followed from

This paper presents design and optimization of a bridge-type RF MEMS switch with and without perforations having non-uniform meanders for applications in the low-frequency (X-band) range. The CPW length of proposed switch is taken as 803 μm and has a signal line, an activated beam and a gap between these two components of 1 μm, these dimensions are taken using the optimization process. The choice of

Progressing advancement concerning the intensification of engine thrust to weight ratio in a gas turbine engine offers ascends to extremely loaded compressor stages which have a significant concern in recent times. Non-uniform Inlet flow conditions are frequently occurring in aircraft gas turbines engines that result in chronological distortions of total temperature and total pressure at the engine

Silicon carbide is considered as a more suitable material for piezoresistive pressure sensors in a high-temperature environment due to its excellent characteristics. In this paper, fundamental research on the structural design of SiC piezoresistive pressure sensors was carried out through the finite element method (FEM) to accurately estimate the optimal output characteristics. The effects of various

Roll-to-roll technology is used to form optoelectronic products because it allows fast, continuous production and a short cycle time. It has become the mass production technology with the most potential for development for the production of plastic products with a microstructure. This study designs and manufactures a composite light guide plate (LGP) to replace a traditional LGP with two pieces of

In this study, we fabricated a microfluidic device to mimic the human blood–brain barrier (BBB) in vitro, comprising a cellulose fiber membrane sandwiched between two silicone elastomer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layers. The PDMS layers were bonded using the oxygen plasma surface activation method. The encased cellulose fiber separated the intersection of channels in the PDMS layers and functioned

The fabrication of robust microfluidics can be tedious, often involving the use of numerous cleanroom resources and processes. We propose a process that is easy to apply yet capable of producing precision microfluidics in polymer with high yield and high fidelity at a wafer scale. The process is centered on the use of a wafer aligner-bonder implementing a one-step hot embossing process to transfer

A micro-machined tip-separable microneedle structure fabricated using a molding process was placed on the end of a metal rod with the outer diameter of 2.0 mm to produce a spear-shaped microneedle, and an applicator for inserting this microneedle into the skin based on a commercially available stamp mechanism was developed. The fabricated spear-shaped microneedle with the needle holder was inserted

The quality of collected electric power is directly affected by the mechanical properties of piezoelectric cantilever, which is an important part of vibration energy collection system. A piezoelectric energy harvester is employed to study the electromechanical conversion performance of piezoelectric cantilever under different counterweights by adding mass blocks. An experimental platform is built to

In this paper, a microscale device comprising a Flared-Ψ shaped composite cantilever having polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ferroelectric polymer thin-film-based unimorph structure and a single brass ring mass is designed and validated by means of finite element method (FEM) simulations and experimental examinations to scavenge energy with high normalized areal and volumetric energy density of 6.8892 × 10−4

Micro-liquid dispensing technology is widely used in the field of in vitro diagnostics. To study the influence of the system factors on the liquid dispensing process, a micro-liquid dispensing system based on a syringe pump is designed in this paper, and a Fluent simulation model is established to simulate the dispensing process. Taking into account the existence of the air column in the simulation

A spectral power-based real-time BCI neuro-feedback (decision machine) system has been proposed in this paper. It is used to reflect the intended task of the movement imagination of hand movements. As a consequence of the cost-effective and greater temporal resolution, the proposed decision machine considered the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. EEG data modeling is therefore an important step in

Digital images belong to one of the most important and frequently transmitted data categories are the inevitable part of the modern data communication systems. Images contain several sensitive and private data and therefore unauthorized access to these data can be very costly. Recent technological advancements allow us to process, store, and conveniently transmit digital images and it demands robust

A new neural network (NN) is orchestrated by this study to achieve high-accuracy in blood pressure (BP) estimation by a real-time photoplethysmography (PPG). The PPG system consists of an OLED/OPD module to detect the pulsation of blood vessels, followed by a readout circuitry. The circuit is comprised of transimpedance amplifier, a digital tune high order band pass filter, programmable gain amplifier

In this work, a study case is presented in which the design of the layout for a CMOS sensor cell is partially automated by implementing a metaheuristic algorithm to find the best tradeoff between two conflicting objectives (two quantitative opposite and not totally independent yet desired performance or design qualities) among the set of feasible layout and electronic device configurations within a

In this paper, the effect of perforations on both pull-in voltage and S-parameters have been studied experimentally and compared with the simulation results of perforated and non-perforated switch designs for validation. The perforated switch is fabricated using 4-mask layer process and low pull-in voltage of 1.85 V is achieved by introducing novel iterative methodology which reduce spring constant

Precise printed circuit boards (PCBs) and touch screen panels (TSPs) are produced by the proximity exposure patterning process. In the exposure patterning process, the smaller the gap between the mask and the substrate—under the condition that the mask and the substrate are not in contact—the higher the resolution of the pattern obtained. Unlike a substrate that is fixed on a rigid frame, in the exposure

In positioning systems, magnetic scales consisting of magnetoresistive sensors are widely used in the generation of position signals for machine tools. To obtain a precise position, magnetoresistive elements inside the sensor head output sinusoidal signals through the angle between the magnetization vector and the supplied current direction in order to determine the displacement of the system under

This paper presents an algorithm based approach for TFET (Tunnel Field Effect Transistor) design. A numerous number of meta-heuristic algorithms have been used to procure the best device dimension for a Si–Ge (Silicon–Germanium) pocket n-TFET. The foremost important task is to find an alternative to hit and trails based device optimization and thereby improve the device performance by using those techniques

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is proved to be a lifesaving tool for the person suffering from traumatic and other brain diseases. The need to comprehend and control intracranial pressure (ICP) is required for remedies in clinical neurosurgery, nervous system science and crisis medication. It gives detailed status about the brain, blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Non-invasive method of measuring

In this paper, the authors have proposed semi-hexagonal half-mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) antennas generated by splitting the hexagonal SIW cavity across two different lines of symmetry, type 1: the diametric line the joining the opposite vertices of the cavity and type 2: the line connecting the opposite edge centers of the cavity. The resultant line of separation exposes the radiating

A method for growth of highly (100)-oriented aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films on (100) Si substrate, in poor vacuum systems, by radio frequency magnetron sputtering was developed. This method allows prediction for near ideal deposition conditions in which high quality films with good stoichiometry Al/N (≈1:1) and low oxygen concentration (< 10%) are produced. During the depositions, the substrate

In this study a magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) platform was developed by which an innovative MAF tool design was verified. The platform was composed of a tool per se, a linear moving table where a specimen placed on it, and a slurry supplying pump. The magnetic field was provided by two sets of NdFeB permanent magnets placed with opposite directions inside the tool. By using a C-shape and taper

With advancement in photovoltaic technology solar devices matured and the current trend indulge a requisite to elevate device performance by power conversion efficiency and is the focus of recent solar research. Present photovoltaic technology is dominated by solar cell based on silicon wafer with active graphene layer, but these conventional devices are not able to deliver required efficiency to meet

In the present era, with the advancement of various non-conventional devices, hardware components dimensions are shrinking to great extent. Among those, significant part of researchers focus is drawn by Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFETs), because of their fundamental attribute of carriers conduction through built-in tunnelling mechanism. In this work, an asymmetric gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor

An energy and area efficient switching scheme for a 4-bit charge redistribution switch capacitor (SC) successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is proposed. Single and two step reset energies are also considered for calculations of energy efficiencies. The designed architecture consumes zero energy in the first and third comparison cycles where energy consumptions are

We report a numerical simulation based design and optimization of single-junction gallium antimonide (GaSb) solar cell using the two-dimensional device simulator (SILVACO-ATLAS) under AM1.5G spectrum. We considered the gallium antimonide (GaSb) material as the absorber layer because of its low band gap and silicon (Si) as the substrate layer. Previously we showed that such GaSb solar cell offers an

In recent decades, medical image analysis and diagnostic techniques have undergone significant advancements and have become a relatively important component of clinical practice. The most popular diagnostic resources are diagnostic images acquired from different modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Neonatal neuroimaging is an increasingly developing diagnostic imaging

This paper presents a multi-objective design method of underwater wireless power transfer (UWPT) system for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) based on the cooperative design of compensation network and a DC/DC converter, considering seawater eddy current loss. Firstly, the electromagnetic field model of the underwater coil is established based on the non-axisymmetric model, and the analysis method

HDD heads have various interaction modes with thermal asperities (TAs), and protection mechanisms need to be put in place to ensure the head–disk interaction (HDI) resulting from them is eliminated or minimized to the highest extent possible. We propose a method to reduce such head–disk interaction (HDI) during TA detection and classification by flying higher at low thermal fly-height control (TFC)

We propose a sensor-probe system for evaluating local airway resistance in the lungs. The system consists of a micro-machined thermal-flow sensor, based on the hot-wire airflow-meter principle, fabricated on a flexible substrate consisting of Cu foil and polyimide film and a commercially available Si pressure sensor. We inserted the system into a tube with a 5.0-mm inner diameter to evaluate its detection

The influence of fringing electric fields at the edges of the Capacitance Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer’s (CMUT’s) gap and insulation layers are included into the parallel plate capacitance phenomenon. Its effect on various CMUT parameters are derived and compared to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) predictions. This gives rise to excess capacitances. A correction factor due to the finiteness of

Nowadays, the viscoelastic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used as one of the most promising candidates for nanodevices (or nanoelectronics) and super-strong reinforcement fibers in polymer nanocomposites. In recent years there have been many papers that considered the effects of material length scales in the investigations of the material constants related on the structural parameters on the wave

We present a simple, low-cost and effective method to monitor mode-shapes of dynamic structures, based on laser triangulation. Through the smart adjustment of the camera view angle, we were able to acquire the mode-shapes on two orthogonal planes, without the need to change the placement of neither the device-under-test, nor the illumination or detection optics. The presented technique was demonstrated

Since nonlinearity is critical to silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors, this paper combined theoretical analysis and simulation to study the effect of changing the longitudinal resistance (RL) and transverse resistance (RT) on the nonlinearity of pressure sensors. When initial longitudinal resistance (RL0) is larger than initial transverse resistance (RT0) and the difference is within a certain

This paper proposes a modified version of recycling folded cascode amplifier. A comparative study, modelling and analysis of the proposed design along with conventional folded cascode and recycling folded cascode have been presented in this work. The design is intended for use as a preamplifier in an epileptic neurostimulator circuit, which ensures high gain, low noise low power trade-off and smaller

Aluminium nitride thin-films (AlN) were fabricated by a DC-magnetron sputtering technique at different background pressures while maintaining the same deposition conditions. The influence of varying sputtering pressure on the structural and optical properties of AlN thin-films was investigated. XRD measurements were utilized to determine the structural properties of the deposited AlN thin-films such

The blockchain space has seen tremendous innovation and advancement, in the last few years with an explosion of functionality and use cases. However, several challenges naturally arise from the nature of these distributed systems—energy efficiency, privacy, and scalability challenges due to the computational resources required to generate, validate, and store the cryptographic proofs that provide immutable

Identifying ways of monitoring this aging population in their home environment is very important. Sensor-based human activity recognition has proven to be a valid candidate in order to estimate the human activity. This paper proposes a human activity behavior recognition technology based on indoor positioning. Firstly, a location fingerprinted database is constructed by collecting RSSI values and each

This work focuses on the analysis of a Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) lab-on-a-chip optofluidic biosensor at visible wavelength. The major design components considered for optimization are the patterned Si3N4 waveguide and the rectangular photonic crystal. The structure is designed on Si3N4 on insulator substrate. The analysis is carried out at a wavelength of 660 nm. The Photonic Crystal (PC) having lattice

Magnetometer is one of the indispensable instruments utilized for the magnetic property characterization of materials, where it evaluates the magnetic response originated from the materials. The non-invasive magnetic technique has promoted magnetometer to be utilized in new applications such as in biomedical applications. In this work, we report the development of a magnetometer utilizing a high critical

Random sequences and maps are essential for the applications in cryptography and many other fields in Information Technologies. To achieve true randomness, one still needs to refer to natural phenomena, be it physical, chemical or biological. Here we analyse the possibility to apply stochastic physico–chemical dynamics to generate truly random sequences and bitmaps. To this purpose, we utilize simulations

The inertial element, damping element and elastic element are the main components of a mechanical oscillation system. The values of these elements affect the resonant frequency of the mechanical system in a MEMS vibratory gyroscope. Besides, it is a necessary factor to determine the operating frequency of the mechanical system. In the mechanical system of the MEMS vibratory gyroscope, the elastic elements