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The crash injury severity prediction of traffic accident using an improved wrappers feature selection algorithm Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Shufeng Wang; Zhihao Li; Junyou Zhang; Yadong Yuan; Zhe Liu
Abstract The crash injury severity prediction of traffic accident is the prerequisite for driving decisions under dangerous conditions. This paper puts forward a new wrapper feature selection algorithm to improve the prediction accuracy of the injury severity. Firstly, based on Gini index and Mutual information, the importance of factors is analyzed by the comprehensive evaluation criteria, according
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A new comparative testing method for equestrian helmets Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-26 Nicolas Bourdet; Caroline Deck; Frank Meyer; Rémy Willinger
Abstract The helmet is the only head protection element for jockey in the falling situation. To date, the standard test for shock absorption capacity of the equestrian helmet consists of only linear impacts and uses outdated injury criteria. Previous studies have shown the existence of normal and tangential components of the impact velocity. The present study presents a new method for the evaluation
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Research on mechanical properties of power battery based on SOC and crushing speed Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Yalong Xu; Fei Liu; Jiale Guo; Meng Li; Bing Han
Abstract In recent years, many researchers have analyzed the 18650 battery, showing that mechanical load can cause short circuits inside the battery. The main contents of this paper are the mechanical response of a single cell with different state of charge (SOC) values under the condition of quasi-static compression and the dynamic analysis of the battery pack with different collision velocities.
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Development of a school bus restraint system model and its application in the evaluation of designed protective strategies on child neck injury in front-end crash Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Zhigang Li; Rui Li; Haipeng Zhang; Nan Jiang; Guanghui Feng; Xiaoling Qi
Abstract In a front-end crash of a school bus, the existing child restraint system does not provide effective protection to the neck, although it can well protect other regions of the body, including the head and chest. In this study, we developed multi-body seat models with compartmentalization (no belt), lap belt and lap/shoulder belt. We verified the models against sled tests considering dummy motion
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Automotive frontal body structure optimisation in the Upper Legform to Bonnet Leading Edge test with the aim of reducing the pedestrian injuries Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Fahimeh Farahani; Hossein Salmani; Abolfazl Khalkhali
Abstract Automotive frontal body structure design and optimisation are absolutely essential towards reducing the risk of pedestrian injuries in road accidents. In this paper, a two-step optimisation process in combination with the finite element method (FEM) is utilized to enhance pedestrian protection for a class-B passenger car. In this way, the finite element (FE) model of the Upper Legform Impactor
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Determining the direction of origin of a rock striking a moving vehicle windscreen Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Craig Proctor-Parker; Riaan Stopforth
Abstract This paper is part of ongoing research and serves to document the testing of the direction of origin of a rock striking and passing through a windscreen of a motor vehicle. The paper covers the literature reviewed for the tests, the design of the test rig and the documentation of the tests performed. The data from the tests was gathered and analysed. Extensive video footage and imagery obtained
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Design and optimisation of hybrid material bumper beams under impact loading Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 İsmail Öztürk
Abstract In this study, the crashworthiness performance of three homogeneous sheet metal beams (AA6061-T6, AA2024-T351, and DP 800) and six hybrid sheet metal beams designed by combining different combinations of these materials with spot welding were compared under impact loading. Specific energy absorption (SEA) and peak crushing force (PCF) values of the beams that critical crashworthiness indices
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Dynamic shear strength evaluation of CFRP using off-axis tension test: theoretical and experimental studies Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Zhongyu Li; Junyuan Zhang; Jiale Chen; Guang Chen
Abstract Shear strength evaluation in composites is still a problem that has not been fully solved. Dynamic shear strength evaluation is even more complicated. In present work, failure theories are used to determine the range of fiber orientations in which the evaluation of shear strength is feasible. The symmetrical laminate is used to eliminate coupled shear strain to improve measurement accuracy
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Aberrant driving behaviours among ride-hailing drivers: direct and indirect effects of personal attributes and work-condition factors Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Jing Shi; Muhammad Hussain; Dandan Peng
Abstract In recent years, due to the prevalence of road crashes among ride-hailing drivers in China, the investigation of aberrant driving behaviours of ride-hailing drivers has become indispensable. This paper aims to estimate the direct and indirect effects of personal attribute and work-condition factors on aberrant driving behaviours (driver distraction and other aberrant driving behaviours) of
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An influence study of active muscle and sitting postures on lower limb injuries during frontal impact Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Sen Xiao; Wu Chen; Xinran Liu; Zhidong Qu
Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of active muscle on lower limb injury in frontal vehicles collision, and to provide corresponding biomechanical parameters for the protective design of lower limbs. Based on a Chinese 50th percentile male lower extremity anatomy information, a human body numerical model with active muscle signals during emergency braking is established.
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Out-of-plane crashworthiness of the new combined quasi-honeycomb core Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Xiang Li; Xingxing Xu; Yanmiao Wang; Ruibo He
Abstract As a type of cellular materials, honeycomb structures exhibit great advantages in mechanical properties and crashworthiness. This paper proposed a new kind of combined quasi-honeycomb core and studied on the out-of-plane crashworthiness. Research found that the new combined quasi-honeycomb have great advantages in energy absorption and crushing force efficiency than the conventional hexagonal
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Long fibre-reinforced thermoplastic theoretical model for energy absorption analysis based on impact performance Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Junyuan Zhang; Zhongyu Li; Qiushi Zhang; Zhe Jiang
Abstract This article deals with initial material selection and design method of long fibre-reinforced thermoplastic (LFT) based on impact resistance requirements. In this study, effects of material properties and impact condition, including total fibre thickness, fibre aspect ratio and impactor diameter, on the minimum penetration energy of LFT plates are analysed based on experiments and validated
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Analogy of novel TRC crash barriers with RC crash barrier under impact load Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Smitha Gopinath; Amar Prakash; Farvaze Ahmed A. K.
Abstract The most popular crash barriers made so far are made up of steel-reinforced concrete (RC), which has high flexural rigidity but poor energy absorption. Consequently, when a vehicle collides with such crash barrier, the vehicle is seriously damaged and occupants may be fatally injured due to the severe impact of the collision. Hence, in order to enhance the safety of road users, a pre-fabricated
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Energy absorption analysis of square-circle hybrid section tubes under axial loading Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Bingquan Lu; Chuanliang Shen; Junyuan Zhang; Danfeng Zheng; Zhongyu Li
Abstract Square-circle hybrid section (SCHS) tubes under axial loading which combine the advantage of square tubes and circular tubes are investigated. Firstly, effective finite element models of SCHS tubes are established to study the crashworthiness characteristics. Through a series of finite element models, the influence of the geometry on the behaviour of crashworthiness is studied, including relative
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Experimental and numerical study of composite sandwich panels for lightweight structural design Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Suryaprakash Thiagarajan; Raguraman Munusamy
Abstract Composite sandwich panels are commonly considered as lightweight materials for structural design in many applications including automotive, aerospace and defence systems. These panels must be developed and validated for its mechanical strength characteristics under different loading conditions before deploying them for the practical application. Hence, the present paper deals with the experimental
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Energy absorption study of a new reinforced top-hat section beam under flexural loading Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Nima Zahedan; Hamed Ahmadi; GholamHossein Liaghat
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement in energy absorption of a top-hat profile hollow-section beam by attaching different shapes of internal reinforcements. The base structure of the beam was first considered as a hat shape structure which was jointed to a flat plate using spot-welds. Three types of sheet metal reinforcements were formed and attached inside the beam’s structure
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Damage prediction and test validation of bird impacts on aircraft leading edge’s structures Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Fatima-Zohra Belkhelfa; Salah Boukraa
Abstract The paper presents the analysis of birdstrikes using SPH bird impacts model, 4 lb and 8 lb, on a small bay of a leading edge of an aircraft. Theoretical and numerical investigations were dedicated to three different configurations chosen for defining the leading edge’s layups: a sheet metal with a thickness of 2.54 mm, a composite FML configuration with a thickness of 1.4 mm, and a sandwich-FML
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New observations from real-world vehicle-pedestrian collisions in reducing ground related injury by controlling vehicle braking Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Tiefang Zou; Qi Liu; Aiming Zha; Ciaran Simms; Tao Chen
Abstract Pedestrians suffer significant injuries from ground contact, but attempts to reduce them have been limited. A recent study using multi-body simulations showed ground contact injury may be improved by controlling vehicle braking. The aim of the study is to assesses whether controlled braking would be beneficial in real-world collisions. PC-Crash was used to reconstruct 150 freely available
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Techniques for correlation of drop weight impact testing and numerical simulation for composite GFRP crash boxes using Ls-Dyna Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 N. Nasir Hussain; Srinivasa Prakash Regalla; Yendluri V. Daseswara Rao
Abstract Composite materials are being widely used in automobile industry in order to meet the ever increasing demand to achieve significant weight reduction by maintaining the performance levels. Additionally, there are a number of challenging crashworthiness criteria set by the regulating authorities in various countries for vehicle safety, which the vehicle has to qualify. In these cases composites
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Material parametric optimisation of wing leading edge profile against soft body impact Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 S. Kavitha Mol; A. Sadiq
Abstract The present study aims to optimise the material parameters of the 2xxx series aluminium alloy used in aircraft wing leading edges to improve its mechanical properties against bird impact. For this study, a bird model is established and validated with an experiment test from literature and with a bird strike test on the wing leading edge. The significant material parameters which affect the
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Reverse reconstruction of two-wheeled vehicle accident based on Facet vehicle model and hybrid human model Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Qian Wang; Yunfeng Lou; Xianlong Jin; Lingshuang Kong; Chuang Qin; Xinyi Hou
Abstract To obtain a rider-vehicle-road coupling system that takes both efficiency and accuracy into account, so that the simulation model of two-wheeled vehicle traffic accident can reduce the calculation time as much as possible on the premise that it can simulate human biomechanical injury and vehicle deformation, this paper proposes a new two-wheeled vehicle accident simulation model. In this method
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Traffic accident hotspot identification by integrating kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis: a case study Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Khanh Giang Le; Pei Liu; Liang-Tay Lin
Abstract The study presented an approach that integrated kernel density estimation (KDE) algorithm and spatial autocorrelation analysis, which helped to determine traffic accident (TA) hotspot locations and simultaneously evaluate the statistical significance of the hotspot clusters. Firstly, hotspots were identified by applying a GIS-based KDE algorithm. Secondly, the hotspot clusters were evaluated
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Experimental investigation and finite-element modeling of the crushing response of hat shape open section composite Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Redouane Lombarkia; Augustin Gakwaya; Dennis Nandlall; Marie-Laure Dano; Julie Lévesque; Philippe Vachon-Joannette
Abstract In crash event, aerospace structures are designed to collapse progressively, dissipating high kinetic energy and protecting the passengers against abrupt decelerations. To achieve this goal, a better comprehension of crash failure mechanisms is necessary to improve traditional crash structures by designing and optimizing new energy absorbers. In this paper, the elementary failure mechanisms
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Effects of global and local ply-reinforcements of critical components on crush performances of 2D tri-axially braided CFRP J-shaped fuselage frame Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Xiaochuan Liu; Hongyong Jiang; Yiru Ren; Xulong Xi
Abstract With the development of aircraft industry, there is an urgent demand for pursuing higher crashworthiness design standard of fuselage. However, there is a challenge for improving the crush performances of fuselage with low design and fabrication cost. To explore optimal design areas, effects of global and local ply-reinforcements of critical components on crush performances of 2D tri-axially
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Theoretical and numerical investigation of bicellular honeycomb under axial compression Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Jiangping Huang; Rongqiang Liu; Jianguo Tao
Abstract Honeycomb has been widely used as an excellent energy absorbing material. Honeycombs with different cell structures have been studied. In this research, a type of honeycomb with cells resemble to bitubular structures is proposed and named as bicellular honeycomb. Based on the basic folding mechanism, the theoretical prediction formula of axial compression strength of the bicellular honeycomb
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Combined application of patchwork and partial softening to enhance the collision resistance of the center pillar Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 Min Sik Lee; Ok Dong Lim; Chung Gil Kang; Young Hoon Moon
Abstract Hot press formed parts in a fully martensitic structure limit its application in the centre pillar, which requires high collision resistance. In this study, the combined effect of the patchwork and partial softening on the collision characteristics of the centre pillar, such as impulse, absorbed energy, and intrusion displacement, were investigated both experimentally and numerically. The
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Optimisation of double-tapered rectangular tube with O-shaped diaphragms as energy absorber Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 Ping Xu; Ziliang Zhao; Zhaofeng Yi; Jie Xing; Alex Zeigle; Shuguang Yao; Zhifang Chen
Abstract In this article, a new double-tapered rectangular tube (DTRT) with diaphragms is introduced as an energy absorber. The material tensile test and impact test were performed to verify the finite element model (FEM) of the tube. Based on the FEM, the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to study the effects of diaphragm geometry on energy absorption (EA) and specific energy absorption (SEA).
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A 3D progressive failure model for crushing simulations in composite structures Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Sérgio Augusto Capasciutti de Oliveira; Maurício Vicente Donadon
Abstract A constitutive damage model is proposed in order to investigate the crushing response of crossply and 0 ° plies composite laminates, using a VUMAT subroutine implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit. This damage model predicts five failure modes commonly observed in unidirectional (UD) carbon fibres reinforced composite structures: fibre failure in tension, fibre failure in compression, matrix cracking
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Comprehensive study on the crashworthiness of a new developed axially-half corrugated aluminum tubes Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Amirreza Sadighi; Hamidreza Salaripoor; Masoud Asgari
Abstract In this paper, a parametric study has been conducted on aluminum tubes with axially half corrugations. These corrugated tubes have been known for their uniform force-displacement curves as well as their capacity to absorb more energy. To do so, first, the numerical results of 4 tubes have been validated using the results from the quasi-static experiment. Then, the effects of changing the geometrical
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Comparative risk assessment of pedestrian groups and their road-crossing behaviours at intersections in Dhaka, Bangladesh Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Niaz Mahmud Zafri; Atikul Islam Rony; Md. Hamidur Rahman; Neelopal Adri
Abstract Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users and their risky behaviours make the situation worse. This study aimed to assess the crash risk associated with various pedestrian groups and their road crossing behaviours at intersections in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A two-stage, multi-criteria decision-making approach—analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity
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Crush and crash analysis of an automotive battery-pack enclosure for lightweight design Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Yongjun Pan; Yue Xiong; Wei Dai; Keshan Diao; Lei Wu; Jinrong Wang
Abstract The undesirable stresses and deformations during a high-speed crash can cause a short circuit or sudden fire in the battery packs, which represents a significant safety concern for vehicles. In this paper, computer-aided simulations are conducted to provide a supplemental and economic approach to evaluate the crashworthiness of a battery-pack enclosure. First, a nonlinear dynamic finite element
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A study on collision characteristic of center-pillar with CR420 and hot stamped steel during side crash simulation Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 M. S. Lee
Abstract Many car components have been fabricated with different materials to improve collision toughness and safety during a car crash. However, as yet, no evaluation standard has been established that evaluates the replacement of auto parts. The standard must take into consideration mechanical properties of tensile and bending. A car crash test was conducted by the IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway
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Energy absorption characteristics of multi-cell tubes with different cross-sectional shapes under quasi-static axial crushing Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Ming-Zhu Jin; Guan-Sheng Yin; Wen-Qian Hao; Hong-Liang Tuo; Ru-Yang Yao
Abstract Energy absorption characteristics of polygonal multi-cell tubes with different cross-sectional shapes under quasi-static axial crushing are investigated systematically. Based on the SSFE theory and CE method, theoretical models for predicting mean crushing force of tubes are proposed, and theoretical expressions of normalized mean crushing force (NFm) and normalized special energy absorption
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Impacts of roadway lighting on traffic crashes and safety in Jordan Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Mohammed Said Obeidat; Samir K. Khrais; Bayan S. Bataineh and; Majd M. Rababa
Abstract Traffic crashes are one of the most severe problems that affect communities worldwide. Despite that only 25% of all motor vehicle miles occur at night, about 50% of all traffic fatalities occur during night. In Jordan, traffic crashes were responsible for 4.5% of fatalities in 2007 and ranked as the third cause of death in 2010. The effect of lighting on crash reduction was evaluated in many
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Development of a test equipment for rating front to rear-end collisions based on C-NCAP-2018 Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Zhiqiang Song; Jinchen Ji; Ruifeng Zhang; Libo Cao
Abstract Autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems play an important role in reducing front to rear-end collisions. To evaluate the performance of AEB systems, different countries have recently published their own new car assessment programs (NCAPs). This study firstly develops a set of test equipment to evaluate the performance of AEB systems in field tests according to the China New Car Assessment
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Experimental study of ice impact on aluminium/carbon fiber reinforced composite dual plate Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Gang Luo; Yuanming Mo; Chunbo Wu; Fengqi Zhang; Lulu Liu; Wei Chen
In accordance with the metal-composite structure ice impact status, an experiment of Ice Impact on Aluminum/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite dual plate was carried out to study the dynamic responses and damage of the target dual plate. The artificial ice ball with a diameter of 35 mm was launched by a 37 mm gas gun test system to impact the metal face of the plate, high-speed photography was used
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Buckling study on Two-Stage absorption energy coupler Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 Ping Xu; Quanwei Che; Shuguang Yao; Bowen Tan
A two-stage absorption energy structure composed of an expanding tube and a buffer has been conventionally applied to the couplers of the China Railway High-speed system. Previous investigations have revealed the energy-absorption characteristics of the couplers. However, in dynamic experiments, some of the couplers were found to buckle at the expansion cone. To analyse the buckling problem of the
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The influence of coach interior partitions and seat leaf-tables on occupant injury in a frontal collision Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Qian Peng; Tingting Sun; Pengpeng Zhu; Fenggang Han; Emmanuel Matsika; Mark Robinson
For a typical coach, interior seats and partitions are considered as secondary collision objects in the event of a frontal collision. When a seat back has a deployable leaf-table, the additional effect of the leaf-table should be considered too. To investigate the effect of occupant collision with these objects, a full-scale frontal crash test of a coach was conducted with an impact velocity of 30 km/h
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Crushing analysis and crashworthiness optimisation for a novel bioinspired multicell filled tubular structure Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Xiaolin Deng; Libo Cao
In this article, a novel multicell filled tubular structure (MFTS) consisting of a multicell tube (MT) and filled circular tube (FCT) is proposed based on the microstructure of the lady beetle elytron. Systematic crashworthiness studies for MFTS under axial crushing have been performed using Abaqus/Explicit. The numerical results show that the MFTS substantially improves for three important indicators
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Low-velocity impact of density-graded foam-filled square columns Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 Xuehui Yu; Qinghua Qin; Jianxun Zhang; Mingshi Wang; Chunping Xiang; Tiejun Wang
In this paper, low-velocity impact of square columns filled with density-graded foam (DGF) is investigated experimentally, numerically and analytically. The low-velocity impact experiments are carried out to study the effect of density gradient on the deformation patterns and energy absorption of the DGF-filled columns. Numerical calculations are performed to study the effects of density distribution
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A novel design method of the impact zone of a high-speed train Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Hui Zhao; Ping Xu; Shihong Jiang; Benhuai Li; Shuguang Yao; Jie Xing; Qi Huang; Kai Xu
The design of vehicle impact zone is of great significance for passive safety protection of trains. This study introduces a novel design method of impact zone based on the concept of linear impact force, which has a linear increase of impact force with the increase of displacement. A three-dimensional dynamic model of train collision was constructed and validated. Here, the linear impact force slope
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Study on the crashworthiness of bio-inspired multi-cell tube under axial impact Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Jiafeng Song; Shucai Xu; Shengfu Liu; Meng Zou
In recent years, thin-walled energy-absorbing structures have attracted more and more attention due to their excellent structural mechanical properties. In this article, one new kind of multi-cell bionic intersecting thin-walled tube inspired by the structure of the pine cone was designed. In order to fully study the crashworthiness of this new multi-cell tube under axial impact, the effectiveness
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On the peak quasi-static load of axisymmetric buckling of circular tubes Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Mazin Y. Abbood; Riyah N. Kiter
The axial crushing of thin-walled metal circular tubes was addressed in this work for its importance in many engineering applications especially when failed in concertina mode. Theoretical estimates of the peak load were formulated for lower and upper bounds based on Rankine-Gordon principle and the elastic-plastic criterion of buckling, respectively. Numerical simulations were also made to validate
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An effective finite element modeling approach for prediction of the behaviour of a jute fibre-reinforced composite tube under axial impact Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-24 M. R. Karthika; Anindya Deb; G. S. Venkatesh
The focus of the work reported here is on the prediction of the behaviour of a hollow cylindrical jute– polyester composite tube under axial impact using the explicit finite element analysis code, LS-DYNA. An efficient finite element modelling approach using a single shell element through the thickness of a thin-walled structural part has been chosen. Effective orthotropic material properties of a
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A numerical investigation of injury mechanisms and tolerance limit of occupant femur in combined compression–bending load Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-24 Bingyu Wang; Chao Yu; Xiaoqing Jiang; Qian Peng; Yi Zhang; Fang Wang
This study aimed at investigating the femur injury mechanisms and femur injury tolerance limit in combined axial force and bending moment. A finite element (FE) model of the lower extremity in sitting posture was developed and validated against femur three-point bending dynamic test and axial impact test of knee-thigh (KT) complex. Following, the femur fractures in combined compression–bending load
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Modelling head injury due to unmanned aircraft systems collision: Crash dummy vs human body Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-24 Borrdephong Rattanagraikanakorn; Michiel Schuurman; Derek I. Gransden; Riender Happee; Christophe De Wagter; Alexei Sharpanskykh; Henk A.P Blom
Recent developments in the concept of UAS operations in urban areas have led to risk concerns of UAS collision with human. To better understand this risk, head and neck injuries due to UAS collisions have been investigated by different research teams using crash dummies. Because of the limitations in biofidelity of a crash dummy, head injury level for a crash dummy impact may differ from the human
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Front impact attenuator design for a race car Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Greg Wheatley; Mohammad Zaeimi
This paper outlines the design, analysis and physical testing of the material for the front impact attenuator for the Motorsports car. The material selected was a 20 mm thick panel of veiled polypropylene honeycomb. The design programme Solidworks was used to produce three impact attenuator geometries for analysis – a solid block, a three-tier pyramid and a four-tier pyramid. The impact attenuator
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Inverse material characterisation of human aortic tissue for traumatic injury in motor vehicle crashes Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 Piyush Gaur; Sanyam Sharma; Devendra Kumar; Anoop Chawla; Sudipto Mukherjee; Mohit Jain; Christian Mayer; Ravi Kiran Chitteti; Pronoy Ghosh; Rajesh Malhotra; Sanjeev Lalwani
Traumatic aortic rupture (TAR) resulting due to motor vehicle crashes (MVC) accounts for about 10%–20% fatalities. This article presents the outcome of our findings of the non-linear stress–strain response and strain rate-dependent behaviour of the aortic tissue under crash like impacts. This study uses both finite element (FE) modelling and experimental testing to enhance the understanding of injury
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Injury severity prediction model for two-wheeler crashes at mid-block road sections Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Anju K. Panicker; Gitakrishnan Ramadurai
Motorised two-wheelers (TW) have the highest proportion among vehicles in Chennai district of Tamil Nadu, and they are involved in a large number of fatal traffic crashes every year. We develop a machine learning model to predict injury severity of TW drivers involved in crashes at mid-block road sections, and thereby identify factors contributing to the severity. We used 7654 TW crash cases that occurred
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Injury severity prediction model for two-wheeler crashes at mid-block road sections Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Anju K. Panicker; Gitakrishnan Ramadurai
Abstract Motorised two-wheelers (TW) have the highest proportion among vehicles in Chennai district of Tamil Nadu, and they are involved in a large number of fatal traffic crashes every year. We develop a machine learning model to predict injury severity of TW drivers involved in crashes at mid-block road sections, and thereby identify factors contributing to the severity. We used 7654 TW crash cases
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Correction Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-17
(2020). Correction. International Journal of Crashworthiness. Ahead of Print.
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Correction Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-17
(2021). Correction. International Journal of Crashworthiness: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 120-120.
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Phenomenological investigation on crash characteristics of thin layered CFRP-steel laminates Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 Y. Boose; E. Kappel; D. Stefaniak; R. Prussak; A. Pototzky; L. Weiß
Most energy absorbing structures in automotive applications consist of metals. Those are characterised by high absolute energy absorption (EA) values yet low mass-specific energy absorption (SEA m ). In contrast carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) reach higher SEA m values. The difference however is not a direct consequence of the density, weight specific stiffness or strength. Instead, the failure
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Experimental and analytical studies of syntactic foam core composites for impact loading Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 Daniel Paul; Velmurugan R; N. K. Gupta
Sandwich composites with polymeric open-celled foams or honeycomb structures as core materials have been used widely in low-weight naval, aerospace and structural applications in the past. One major drawback of such foams is skin-core debonding. To overcome this, core materials with the same matrix as the skin are studied in this paper. Sandwich composites with fibre composite skins and a hollow glass
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Dynamic response of bird strike on variable stiffness laminates of composite leading edge Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Ju Qiu; Huohong Chen
The research evaluated constant stiffness (CS) and variable stiffness (VS) laminate composites using two simulated situations: static and bird strike analyses. The first example demonstrates that a plate with a hole exhibits better strength and stiffness when using VS laminate. The continuously changed fibre orientation creates variations in stiffness at different locations, allowing designers to adjust
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Relevance analysis of AEB control strategy and occupant kinematics based on typical cut-in scenario Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Chengyue Jiang; Xiangzhi Meng; Lihai Ren; Xi Liu; Chen Li
Abstract The objective of this study was to explore the relevance between Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) control strategy and occupant pre-impact kinematics among a typical real-world cut-in impact scenario. First, the accident scenario was built with PreScan software after accident analysis. Second, a MADYMO simulation model with Active Human Model (AHM) was built and validated with the volunteer
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A comprehensive assessment of bus rollover crashes: integration of multibody dynamic and finite element simulation methods Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 MohammadReza Seyedi; Sungmoon Jung; Jerzy Wekezer
Rollover crashes have the highest fatality rate and exhibit complex and unpredictable mechanisms in terms of vehicle-ground and vehicle-occupant interactions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the tilt table and modified dolly rollover (MDR) crash tests in terms of how these crash tests can represent those interactions and compare their results with two real-world rollover crashes. An application
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Variables impacting the severity of crashes involving traffic barriers on horizontal curves: actual crash analysis of interstate roads in Wyoming Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan; Sahima Nazneen; Khaled Ksaibati
Despite numerous past studies conducted on traffic barriers, research is still needed to analyze the performance of traffic barriers on superelevated horizontal curves. Based on the literature of traffic barrier studies, the effect of geometric features of traffic barriers (such as height and post-spacing) on crashes involving horizontal curves has not been investigated considering actual crash data
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Variables impacting the severity of crashes involving traffic barriers on horizontal curves: actual crash analysis of interstate roads in Wyoming Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan; Sahima Nazneen; Khaled Ksaibati
Abstract Despite numerous past studies conducted on traffic barriers, research is still needed to analyze the performance of traffic barriers on superelevated horizontal curves. Based on the literature of traffic barrier studies, the effect of geometric features of traffic barriers (such as height and post-spacing) on crashes involving horizontal curves has not been investigated considering actual
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Failure behavior and crash modelling of resistance rivet spot welding (RRSW) for joining Al and steel in vehicle structure Int. J. Crashworth. (IF 1.477) Pub Date : 2020-07-07 Fan Zhang; Hongli Xu; Xiangfan Fang
Resistance Rivet Spot Welding (RRSW) is a joining technique with high flexibility and cost efficiency for connecting steel and aluminum sheet metal parts in an automotive body in white (BIW). Using this method, both pure steel and steel–aluminum mixed BIW can be produced in the same assembly line. The prediction of the load-bearing capacity and failure behavior in crashworthiness calculation by the