The detection of accident scenarios is essential for a timely deployment of restraint devices and therefore for optimum protection of the vehicle occupants. Based on an innovative concept for crash detection, which involves measuring component-related local decelerations, this paper presents an entirely new method for the simulation and evaluation and estimates this with of a comprehensive set of crash

The rollover safety of Three-Wheel Vehicles (TWVs) is critical because of its instability in severe steering, side collisions and flip-over compared to Four-Wheel Vehicles (FWVs). In order to evaluate the rollover safety, the roof crash conditions in various types of accidents are investigated to provide a reliable roof structure. In order to prepare for roof crash conditions for TWVs, investigation

Constant velocity (CV) joints are the primary component of a vehicle that transmits the driving force from an engine/transmission to a wheel at a constant speed. A CV joint comprises numerous mechanical parts. The roller and housing are in contact and, therefore, subjected to contact stresses. Contact stress causes sliding friction because of microslip in the contact area inside the CV joint. This

This paper presents a practical approach using disturbance observer (DOB)-based longitudinal vehicle speed control in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Speed control law is derived from a linearized nominal plant model obtained assuming that the vehicle is a lumped mass. The plant uncertainty and external disturbance are lumped into a disturbance term and compensated for by the DOB. In addition, a feedforward

With the development of redundant driving system, vehicles' maneuverability and stability have great optimized potential. In this research, an electric off-road vehicle is served as controlled objective and a dynamic direct yaw-moment controller is proposed to realize the smooth accommodation of vehicle longitudinal-lateral motion under various transport conditions via controlling In-wheel motor (IWM)

In order to fully explore the potential of distributed drive electric vehicle, an integrated coordination control method consists of model predictive control (MPC) and speed tracking control for trajectory tracking is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the vehicle dynamics model including the slip ratio of each wheel is established. Then, a multi-objective function of the MPC controller is established

A novel approach of the tracking control for synchronizer displacement is introduced in this paper. Based on modeling for the structure of synchronizer and shifting process, a shifting displacement tracking controller is designed by the Udwadia — Kalaba equation. The engagement rule of synchronizer combination sleeve is regarded as the trajectory constraint of the system, certain constraint force is

This work is to study the plasma application using a capacitive discharge ignition capable of using the plasma jet which belongs to the non-thermal plasma physic. A plasma-jet spark plug was designed to combine a discharge chamber including an insulator and expanding the plasma area. The nonresistance was applied to acting the interference suppression of a plasma-jet spark plug to ensure the high energy

This paper is on a pedestrian collision avoidance system for low speed autonomous shuttles based on Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication. When pedestrians cannot be detected using line-of-sight sensors like camera, radar and LIDAR, V2P communication with the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) enabled pedestrian smartphone is used to detect and localize them through the in-vehicle DSRC

This paper presents a robust H∞ fault-tolerant lateral controller of four wheel steering autonomous vehicles to enhance the autonomous driving performance and to track the desired road when a steering wheel fault happens. First, the lateral dynamic model of four wheel steering autonomous vehicles is constructed, which contains the features of parameter uncertainties and actuator faults of vehicles

This paper presents an optimized sliding mode controller (OPSMC) for vibration control of active suspension systems. The proposed controller consists of two parts: the first is the fast terminal sliding mode controller which performs fast convergence, and the second is the particle swarm optimization algorithm which is used to achieve the optimal controller’s’ parameters. The merit of OPSMC has quite

According to the buckle release theories, the seat belt can be released during an impact and the occupant sustained injuries without a benefit from the restraint system. A few studies have been published demonstrating that the seat belt release during an impact results in belt entanglement of occupant’s outboard arm. However, there is no previous belt entanglement study using airbag equipped vehicle

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been successfully adopted in many tasks, such as autonomous driving and gaming, to achieve or surpass human-level performance. This paper proposes a DRL-based trajectory planner for automated parking systems (APS). A thorough review of literature in this field is presented. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the trajectory planning performance of the

EGR is one of the proven and well tested strategies within the specific operating range of the engine. Necessity of an implementation of this exhaust gas recirculation all over the engine operating range is emerging. Therefore, a systematic study has been carried out to identify the specific and frequent transient operations on newly developed dynamic cycles like WLTC and RDE. To perform detailed observations

A Dynamic Programming (DP) formulation is developed to find the global optimal solution to the energy management of a parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) equipped with a Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT). The effects of integrating in the DP formulation the losses accounting for gearshifts and engine starts are studied in terms of the overall fuel consumption; the optimal control solutions

Taking the independently actuated in-wheel motor driven electric bus as the research object, an integrated control strategy of yaw stability and roll stability is proposed. On the basis of the upper and lower layered structure, the stability monitoring layer is added to the control strategy, which is responsible for calculating the desired value of the vehicle's critical state and determining the vehicle

To address the failure to consider vehicle states in region of interest (ROI) prediction, we propose the use of a Kalman filter to estimate the position of vehicles relative to lanes by vehicle states on the basis of a vehicle–road micro traffic model in the world coordinate system. The central position of the ROI is determined through a combination of optimal preview time theory with the ROI prediction

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engines have been considered a promising technology for achieving diesel-like efficiency with less NOx and soot emissions than diesel engines. In recent research, naphtha has emerged as a suitable fuel for GCI owing to its octane number and its potential to reduce CO2 and production costs. The present work develops a multicomponent surrogate fuel model for heavy

Temperature distributions of wet clutch contact during engagement and disengagement processes are investigated considering lubricant flow behaviors in the gap between the friction pad and steel separator. Frictional heat generated by wet clutch contact in repeated operational modes that simulates high thermal endurance performance of a wet clutch system is modeled. This study applies CFD analysis to

The experimental verification of the optimal input design method for fault identification is performed using a scaled-down overactuated electric vehicle. In the previous study, online fault identification was achieved by utilizing all the characteristics of an overactuated system (Park and Park, 2016). The perturbation input signal for the actuator fault identification can be applied to the faulty

To solve the contradiction between interior space and demand for electricity of vehicle, this paper brings forward the dual-generator parallel power system (DPPS). However, it is difficult to control the voltage and balance output power between two different types of generators simultaneously. Thus, feed-forward control has been developed to accomplish decoupling the target current of two generators

We have developed a remanufacturing process technology that can restore the original performance of the toque converters for passenger car 6-speed automatic transmissions. The suitability of this remanufacturing process technology for performance restoration was verified by comparing the maximum performance efficiency values for three remanufactured torque converters and two original products. In the

Vehicle-infrastructure cooperative systems can potentially enhance both traffic safety and efficiency by conducting coordinated control through the interactive strategy between the vehicles and the infrastructure. In this study, the interactive strategy of a vehicle infrastructure cooperative system is designed. Lane change maneuver is a conventional behavior in driving. Thus, this paper proposes a

Lightweight design of bus body can improve energy consumption and operating cost. Nonetheless, design for strength and crashworthiness of bus superstructure is vital to occupant safety during accidents. This work proposes a methodology to design an effective lightweight frame layout and member sections of bus superstructure under requirements of bending stiffness, torsion stiffness, and rollover safety

This study presents a novel data driven disturbance observer design method and its integration with a recursive controller developed for diesel engine airpath control problem. Mass Air Flow (MAF) and Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) are identified with Multi-Input Single-Output NFIR models using experimental data. Heavy-duty diesel engine airpath with variable geometry turbine (VGT) and exhaust gas

Great advances had been achieved in the discipline of environmental perception, motion planning and control strategy implementation, however, fully autonomous vehicle is still far from large-scale commercial application. The concept of “human-automation shared control” provides a promising solution to enhance autonomous driving safety, to which great research effort has been contributed in recent years

Global warming and finite amount of oil resources have become serious issues. For this reason, the development of eco-friendly vehicles, using biofuel or oher materials has attracted significant attention. In particular, bioethanol has been focused on as an alternative to gasoline because it does not require a full-scale remodeling of a conventional internal combustion engine. However, the differences

The time delay in heavy-duty vehicle platoons due to actuators, sensors, and communication delays has significant effects on platoon performance; it is difficult to immediately ascertain the driver’s intention due to the time delay, so that there is a restriction on the intra-platoon spacing and the platoon’s performance is weakened. This study proposes a platooning control system that uses pedal information

Most of the parameters needed to predict Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions, for example, combustion temperature, oxygen concentration and in-cylinder composition ratio, can be predicted by phenomenological 0-D prediction model if accurate EGR rates are provided. However, it is difficult to predict the EGR rate itself accurately by the model, so the EGR rate is predicted by the temperature measurement

The impact of soot primary nanoparticles affecting metal wear was investigated. The commercial Carbon Black (CB) with different primary particle sizes were mixed with the engine oil for simulating soot contamination. The physical properties of carbon black including density and hardness were calculated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image analysis. The metallic wear test was evaluated

This paper presents the structural vibration and acoustic radiation of a multibody vehicle system in interior and exterior under cleat impact excitations. The entire structure model, which consists of a hyper-elastic tire, a 17-inch lightweight wheel, a rotatable hub, a high-strength knuckle, a control arm and a spring-damper suspension, is a quarter vehicle to simulate transient response when passing

During parking, the vision-based parking slot detection system has error or missed detection due to distortion, illumination variation, occlusion and limited field of view (FOV). Thus, the parking slot position sent to path planning system is inaccurate and discontinuous. Besides, the intelligent parking system (IPS) primarily relies on dead reckoning to send vehicle position to the motion control

Weld zones in tailor welded blanks have different mechanical properties than the base metals and thus have significant effects on formability. In this work, flow stresses of weld zones in laser-welded dissimilar dual-phase steels were measured. Strains at the weld zones of notched specimens were measured using the digital image correlation method and the flow stress data were corrected considering

Recently, global warming caused by greenhouse gases has been highlighted, so many studies have been carried out for developing eco-friendly products. In the vehicle industry, various techniques have been developed for eco-friendly engines. A previous fuel injection system, injecting fuel at the intake port, had difficulty precisely controlling the air/fuel ratio in the cylinder. Therefore, the fuel

The present work concerns an experimental study of the aerodynamic drag on a simplified vehicle body in relation to the underhood architecture, especially the engine block and cooling module positions. To proceed, measurements are carried out in wind tunnel for different geometric configurations. The simplified body includes a real cooling module and a simplified engine block. The measured coefficients

An efficient global optimization algorithm has been developed by combining GA (genetic algorithm) and SA (simulated annealing). It is observed that the coupled optimization algorithm can converge faster than each single algorithm. It is applied for the design optimization of damper coil springs that absorb the torsional impact and vibration imposed on the clutch of an automatic transmission. Additionally

The common rail injection system with higher injection pressure can improve injection characteristics. However, relevant researches for injection characteristics under ultra-high pressures are insufficient. In this article, the results of experiments with a maximum injection pressure of 390 MPa for nine different injectors of four types are presented. The experiment showed the existence of supercritical

This study was performed to investigate the effects of L/D ratio of the nozzle on initial development and macroscopic spray behavior of diesel spray to understand the formation process of spray cone angle. Near-field and far-field spray visualization was performed for various injection pressures, and the effects of L/D ratio of the nozzle on spray cone angle were analyzed. A long-distance microscope

The objective is to develop the complex coating technique with high quality and homogeneity of coating for spherical parts with diameter of 2 ∼ 4 mm and stable mass production shall be secured with consideration of coating material, process and jig design. Silicon oxide-diamond like carbon (SiO-DLC) complex coating chemistry is expected to enhance the high temperature stability as opposed to DLC. Currently

The Adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems have been actively studied for the safety enhancement and commercialized for the last five decades. The ACC has been designed not only speed and headway distance controller, but also transition maneuver. In this study, an integrated control algorithm for the ACC is proposed to maintain the speed and the headway distance simultaneously without the transitional

This paper proposes the optimum placement of an LF antenna in a small mobile device to minimize coverage range degradation of a PASE system. The small mobile device, vehicle, and 3-axis LF antenna are modeled as piecewise triangular meshes and simulated using a full-wave electromagnetic simulator to verify the feasibility of mounting the LF antenna in a small device. We then find the optimum placement

In this paper, a fault-tolerant-control (FTC) scheme with finite-time convergence characteristics for vehicle active suspension systems is proposed. A full-car model with unknown dynamics and uncertain parameters is studied. To stabilize the vertical, pitch, and roll displacements into a desired equilibrium in finite time with an uncertain mathematical model and actuator faults, a novel non-singular

In this study, various investigations were performed on the reduction of calculation errors of compressor models which can calculate compressor performance (pressure ratio, rotational speed) at an arbitrary operating point. For this purpose, three compressor models, including the Jensen & Kristensen model and the newly modified model, are presented in this study. By applying these models, the compressor

Electric Power Steering (EPS) is rapidly evolving in terms of performance. However, the abnormal noise from steering, which is experienced by the drivers, reduces the perfection of performance. In this study, the deterioration of Rack-based Electric Power Steering (R-EPS) samples by mileage was analyzed to investigate the cause of steering abnormal noise in the R-EPS applied to a large-sized luxury

As partially automated driving vehicles are set to be mass produced, there is an increased necessity to research situations where such partially automated vehicles become unable to drive. Automated vehicles at SAE Level 3 cannot avoid a take-over between the human driver and vehicle system. Therefore, how the system alerts a human driver is essential in situations where the vehicle autonomous driving

In this paper, optimization-oriented high fidelity indicated torque models which cover the whole operating regions under both steady-state and transient cycles for heavy-duty vehicles are developed. Two different experiments are performed and their data are merged to be utilized in the training of the models. In the first experiment, all combustion input channels are excited by quadratic chirp signals

Some physical parameters of a hub motor-driven four-wheel electric vehicle will change when the vehicle turns or maneuvers and the parameter change is caused by the change of the driving conditions. An adaptive sliding mode control is proposed in this paper to maintain the vehicle’s stability by compensating for the change of these parameters. The control parameter being adapted is the converging rate

Lower limb injuries occur frequently in vehicle-to-pedestrian collisions and vehicle front-end shape has a significant influence on pedestrian lower limb injuries Therefore, the aim of the current study is to propose an effective optimization framework for vehicle front-end design and to predict safer vehicle front-end shapes for pedestrian lower limb protection using this optimization framework. To

This paper derives an effective take-over alarm method for a Society of Automotive Engineers Level 3 automated vehicle using vehicle parameters. An experiment was conducted using a driving simulator. Forty-one subjects participated in two different scenarios: unplanned and planned operational design domain. Subjects drove on a highway at 100 km/h in automated mode. Experiment participants resumed manual

The purpose of this paper is to design and test the voice coil actuated (VCA) engine mount for vibration reduction in automobile. Due to the VCA engine mount generates a counter force to cancel the abnormal vibration generated when the variable cylinder is working, it is widely known one of the effective methods for reducing vibration delivered by the engine. To reduce the vibration efficiently, the

This work is an experimental research to investigate the gas fuel (CH4) characteristics necessary for natural gas vehicles based on ultrasonic-assisted measurement using two different ultrasonic sensors. This paper offers the technical methods including energy transfer process, ultrasonic propagation, sensitivity, amplitude signal, and relationship of CH4 density and ultrasonic signal. The experiment

The feasibility of the calculation model and calculation methods is verified by engine bench test and visual rapid compression machine (RCM) test as reported in this paper. Using AVL software FIRE, the processes of low speed preignition (LSPI) and super knock triggered by the oil particles have been studied by numerical analysis of downsized turbocharged direct injection (DI) engines with different

In this paper, the numerical simulation of the diesel and gasoline fuels injection in a constant volume chamber and in a cylinder under the operating conditions of a compression ignition (CI) engine is conducted. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data which derived from fast imaging techniques. In order to check out the possibility of using gasoline instead of diesel to increase

In this paper, the annual data of 40 public buses fueled with diesel in four cities in southern China have been analyzed for investigating the driving and fuel consumption characteristics. Results showed that the best traffic condition and smoothest driving style were obtained in Fuzhou, which was exact opposite to the results in Wuhan. And the driving characteristics of each city was weakly affected

In this paper, we propose a new control logic for hybrid vehicle control technology using predictable real road information. The newly proposed control logic is implemented in real time by applying the shifting map of the engine and transmission applied to the hybrid vehicle and the mode conversion map extracted from various driving modes. The proposed control logic has the advantage of minimizing

SolidWorks and ANSYS Workbench were used to establish solid model and perform FEM analysis of truck with and without sealing covers respectively. In the past practical production, there has been no precedent for the modal analysis of the truck carriage with a sealing cover; the modal analysis is carried out for the first time in this paper. The vibration characteristics of the truck carriage are obtained

In this paper, an integrated control strategy (ICS) is proposed to improve high speed dynamics stability of the vehicle by the integration of active aerodynamic control (AAC) and differential braking control (DBC). Two aerodynamic surfaces are attached to the roof of the vehicle and servo-controlled separately in real-time. A hierarchical control structure is used to design the proposed scheme, which

In this paper, we present a study on the stick-slip torsional vibration of the spinning shaft in an automotive water pump. We propose a dynamic rotor model with a pulley, an impeller, a mechanical seal and a shaft to analyze the stick-slip vibration of a water pump. The dynamic states of the mechanical seal are classified into stick and slip states depending on whether the seal and mating rings of

This study focuses on energy harvesting from vehicle suspension by employing a regenerative rotational shock absorber. Designing, manufacturing and testing of a prototype device is done step by step to provide a useful manual for researchers. The prototype damper was especially designed for low frequency applications. A rack-pinion mechanism was proposed to transform linear motion to rotational one

The smart regenerative braking system in electric vehicles implements automatic control of the regeneration torque of motor to improve driver’s comfort and energy efficiency. To apply this system, the accurate prediction of the vehicle deceleration states is the preliminary step to reflect the driver’s behaviors. In this paper, we proposed a vehicle deceleration prediction model via deep neural network