Super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750) butt joints were prepared using ER2594 and ER2595 electrodes by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process. The heat input used during welding was in the range of 0.75–0.81 kJ/mm. Microstructure and texture across the weldments were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron backscattered diffraction. The solidification

A review of the present understanding on high-density bulk metallic glass (BMG) composites with a specific emphasis on their application in kinetic energy (KE) penetrators is presented. The paper deals with materials requirement for producing KE penetrator and the need to use high-density BMG to enhance the depth of penetration using the concept of “self-sharpening” behavior caused by shear band formation

Bismuth substituted nickel ferrite (NiFe2−xBixO4 at x = 0.0–1.0) nanoparticles are synthesised by co-precipitation method. The crystal structure, grain size, morphology and magnetic properties are analysed by using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and VSM. XRD confirm the crystalline nature with single-phase cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size calculated using Debye Scherrer and modified Scherrer formula

The present investigation focuses on the design and development of low-cost carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid composite with optimum flexural strength and modulus, Charpy impact strength, resistance to low-velocity impact, and abrasive wear. There are three hybrid composites ([C2G8], [C3G7], and [C4G6]) along with a plain glass ([G10]) and carbon ([C10]) fiber-reinforced polymer composites

In the present study, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were deposited on shot peened high-strength aerospace aluminium alloys namely 2024-T3 and 7075-T6. The comparative corrosion-fatigue performance was evaluated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl corrosion environment for bare, hard anodized and SP + MAO (prior shot-peened and MAO) coated Al alloys. Also, the corrosion behavior of bare and SP + MAO coated Al alloys

For the last three decades, enormous manufacturing processes have been widely employed in the field of transportation (aviation, automobile, and marine) as well as various industrial sectors. Among the invented techniques, conventional manufacturing plays a versatile and cost-effective role, but additive manufacturing (AM) possesses a more significant advantage in handling complicated parts or complex

Sukinda overburden is dumped with chromite ore tailing which contains about 17% Cr2O3. The other constituent with overburden is iron, silica and alumina. Because of its complex nature and large amount of gangue material it is not suitable for the extraction of valuable chromium by conventional route. The author of the present investigation has tried to recover chromium as sodium chromate from chromite

An equiatomic Mg20Al20Si20Cr20Fe20 (at.%) low-density high-entropy alloy (LDHEA) was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques. The phase identification, chemical composition, fine microstructural features and thermal stability of the mechanical alloyed powder and the spark plasma sintered (SPSed) compacts were discerned through X-ray diffraction

The microstructural properties and thermodynamic parameters before and after abrasion were examined for a bulk Cu86Al10Ta4 (%wt.) shape memory alloy produced by the arc-melting method. From the XRD and SEM–EDX microstructural analysis, it was found that the alloy provided \(\alpha\)(Cu), \({\gamma }_{1}\)(Cu9Al4), \({\gamma }_{1}^{\prime}(2H)\), \({\beta }_{1}^{\prime}(18R)\), and Ta2Al3 phases before

Advanced fiber-reinforced polymer composites are stronger, durable and lighter than their metallic counterparts. Inter-ply hybrid polymer composites are formed by more than one type of fiber plies reinforced in the same matrix. The durability and integrity of the altered stacking sequence and hybrid ratio of such composites at low temperature conditions have not been widely explored. In this research

The design and fabrication of engineering structures require an excellent understanding of loads experienced by these members, the different weather conditions under which they operate, and their effect on operational life and fuel efficiency. Engineers are continuously challenged to find ways of enhancing these structures' operation life and reduce the weight; this demand led to the development of

Nowadays, the metal injection molding (MIM) process is a manufacturing method to produce complex shape components. Feedstock preparation in this process is vital because produced feedstock defects can be detrimental in the following processing steps. In this study, effect of the percentage of stearic acid (SA) is investigated on the density, strength, hardness, rheological properties, and microstructure

The hot compression tests of Mg-10.22Gd-2.31Y-0.1Zr alloy were implemented employing the Gleeble-1500 thermometer simulator at strain rates of 0.002 ~ 1 s−1 and at the temperature of 350 ~ 500 °C. The results show that the flow stress shows a typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX) characteristic and is relatively sensitive to deformation parameters. The constitutive equation of the alloy is established

The purpose of this study is to develop the kinetic model and to find the optimum leaching conditions for maximum alumina dissolution from sintered nepheline syenite resource in the alkaline solution. About 80% of alumina (smaller than 5% of silica) was effectively recovered at 80 °C, 3 M NaOH, particle size less than 88 μm, agitation speed of 800 rpm, and leaching time of 60 min with a minimum amount

Composite powders of pre-alloyed 316 L austenitic stainless steel with yttria (Y2O3) powder in various compositions (0.3, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 wt%) were synthesized by mechanical alloying using a high energy ball mill. The 25-h milled powder has shown no changes other than exhibiting an austenite phase of FCC (a = 3.54 Å) structure. Milled powders were found to contain nano-yttria dispersed in the austenitic

Number of Industries including marine, oil and gas, pharmaceutical are facing challenges in welding of thick section duplex stainless steel (DSS) to attain desired microstructure and mechanical properties. The DSS is dual phase structure comprising of austenite and ferrite in equal proportion. The present work is aimed to investigate microstructure and mechanical properties of DSS 2205 thick (20 mm)

High temperature service capability and deformation behavior of γ + α2 TiAl alloy made through ingot melting route has been studied under tensile load at temperature (T = 750–900 °C) and strain rate (\(\dot{\varepsilon }\) = 10−1–10−3 s−1). Reduction in strength is not seen till 800 °C at all the three strain rates, indicating safe use of alloy up to this temperature. Further, it has been observed

Optimum design of the shape of the initial blank is an important task before sheet metal forming processes. It reduces production costs, material waste and improves the quality of the product significantly. In the present work, the blank shape optimization problem is considered based on the 3D space target contours and moreover the sheet metal can have an internal boundary. In other words, the shape

Hardening behaviour of multimetallic magnetite ore (MMO) bonded with three different organic binders: corn starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), dextrin and one inorganic binder: colemanite, has been investigated. The study aimed to optimize the hardening parameter of MMO with a suitable binder. Four separate green mixtures with doses (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) wt% were made for each binder. The pellets were

Ti2AlNb intermetallics are promising next-generation aerospace materials. Advancement in non-conventional manufacturing methods has made the fabrication of these intermetallics economical. However, post-heat treatments are required to obtain desired mechanical properties, which further depend on the microstructural features of the intermetallics. Extensive studies have been conducted to understand

A number of morphological features of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been reported, as conducted through field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM), which were synthesized by conventional arc discharge process. The observation of a classical variety of structural feature from TEM, some of them not reported before, has been used to make interpretation

Rotational molding is a technique used to process plastic materials that provide the advantage of obtaining a stress-free end product. While linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is largely preferred for this method, LLDPE is mixed with different additives in order to obtain adequate strength for some critical applications. In contemplation to obtain a sound product, proper mixing of base resin and

Active screen plasma nitriding is a newly developed technique utilized to enhance low alloy steel's surface property by placing them inside a steel case and supplying biased voltage to the cage. In this work, low alloy steel EN24 samples are plasma nitrided using active screen at different process parameters to improve its surface properties. The EN24 samples are treated at 500˚C and 550˚C treatment

High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) is a widely used thermal spray technique to obtain high density, high bond strength, and improved hardness coatings. In the present work, optimization of HVOF process parameters was carried out using the Taguchi method to minimize porosity and improve microhardness, and bond strength of Cr2O3 coatings. Based on the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance, the significance

This study investigated the effects of 3 coating processes, anodizing, electrodeposition, and powder, on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of 6061 aluminum alloys. The coatings were applied at an aluminum extrusion industrial company. All coatings were found to increase the tensile strength and elongation. The anodized coating, prepared via a pickling process, produced a surface vulnerable

Surface modification of high-strength aluminium alloy 7075-T6 by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and type II hard anodization (HA) is presented in the current work. PEO-based ceramic oxide coatings were fabricated by employing an alternating current (AC) power source with a current density of 300 mA/cm2. The concentration effect of electrolytes on the alumina coatings was investigated and optimized

Friction hardening was employed to improve the tribological properties of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS 316L). The process was conducted using a hard indenter (74 ± 1 HRC) under the travel speeds of 90, 180, and 360 mm/s for 30 and 60 passes. The results showed that FH increased the surface hardness of annealed ASS 316L alloy by 180%. The sliding wear tests also showed the positive impact

In this work, we study the mechanical response of shape memory alloy (SMA) wire reinforced composites using a recently developed novel discrete particle model. In this model, the discrete particles interact through forces specified by the continuum thermoelastic free energy of the material. We study the formation and evolution of fine microstructure in the SMA composites with different matrix properties

During diamond mining at Panna Mines [India], a huge amount of tailing (Kimberlite) is generated. About 6 Million Tonnes is accumulated and stored near mine site and about 0.9 Million Tonnes of tailings are further being generated each year. Till now, no established method is available for utilization of this material, effective utilization is essential for sustainable diamond mining. The Kimberlite

Tailor welded blank sheets made of friction stir welding (FSW) process have found many applications in aerospace, automobile, marine, and other industries. In the present study, two different aluminum alloys AA5083-O and AA6082-T6 having 2 mm thickness were used. This research presents the multi-responses optimization of process parameters, i.e., rotation speed (R), travel speed (T), and shoulder diameter

Clad ballooning, which is a plastic instability, results in sudden large deformation and thereby coolant flow blockage in case of transients in a nuclear reactor. We report the experimental findings in the present paper. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of ballooning in fast reactors, where Fe-based alloys are used as clad material. Real-time X-ray imaging captured the evolution

Fluorinated silica nanofillers were used to prepare hybrid sol–gel superhydrophobic coatings. A shot blasting technique was used to create microlevel roughness over which the sol–gel composition helped to impart a superhydrophobic behaviour. The sols were deposited on shot blasted stainless steel 304 substrates using the spray-coating technique followed by thermal curing and curing using near-infrared

Assessing heat released only related to the formation of primary crystals provides results with a significantly higher sensitivity than a traditional assessment of undercooling value. In this work, two similar Ti5B1 master alloys (commercial and refined) are used for grain refinement of Al7Si4Cu aluminum alloy to assess narrow differences in heat release during primary crystallization. The heat released

Vacuum brazing of TC4 titanium alloy and 316L stainless steel was conducted using Ag70.5Cu27.5Ti2 filler metal, the effects of microstructure and mechanical properties of brazing temperature on interface were investigated, and the bonding mechanism of brazed joint was also established. The results show that the filler metal and the base metal on both sides were completely diffused and bonded well.

The present study focuses on understanding the effect of different flow conditions on the phenomenon of vortex formation in steel making tundish. The current study uses the physical water models supported with mathematical models. The aim of the study is to gain fundamental knowledge about effect of individual flow parameters on vortex generation phenomenon. The results indicate that flow turbulence

The effects of severe plastic deformation (SPD) process via high-speed high-pressure torsion technique on martensitic transformation of Ni–Fe–Ga Heusler shape memory alloy are the subject of this work. The results show that moderate degrees of deformation lead to a decrease in the martensitic transformation temperatures, while the heat of reaction is enhanced only for the sample processed with the

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding CNT on the properties of dissimilar friction stir welded aluminum alloys. For this purpose, a tool with threaded tapered cylindrical pin was designed and manufactured from H13 hot working steel. Reliability of the joints was assessed by non-destructive tests such as visual inspection, ultrasonic and radiography. Tensile joint efficiency

This study investigates the effects of the addition of the intermetallic compounds ZrMn2 and Zr7Cu10 to the alloy TiCr1.1V0.9, in terms of the resulting structure and hydrogen absorption/desorption properties. 4 wt % of each intermetallic compound was co-melted into the TiCr1.1V0.9, creating two new alloys. The resulting structure, as studied by X-ray, predominantly exhibited a body-centered cubic

Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans has been used in bioleaching processes, being recognized for its high metal leaching ability from industrial wastes. In the present work, the sulfur-oxidizing activity of A. thiooxidans DSM 26636, adapted to increasing concentrations of ore was assessed, finding that at 28 days with 3% (w/v) of ore sample, the culture produces high amounts of the sulfate ion (SO4−2) and

We demonstrate an end-to-end protocol for the recovery of Dy and Nd from used NdFeB magnets by following steps- crushing, roasting, grinding, leaching, liquid–liquid extraction and striping. The magnets were roasted over a temperature range of 923–1273 K. The influence of roasting temperature was studied by leaching the roasted samples with HCl solution. Roasting temperature, leaching temperature,

In the present study, a unique method has been designed and developed by integrating Test Procedure 1 (TP-1) Alcan test equipment with electromagnetic stirring (EMS). The investigation is mainly focused on the design of equipment, manufacturing and controlling the experimental parameters to manipulate the structure of the Al castings. The design allows aluminium melt to be solidified in TP-1 mould

In this research, the extrusion of copper and aluminum in cylindrical forms was investigated by finite element simulation. In addition, the effect of angle and internal profile of the mold on the extrusion force and dimensional uniformity of the produced part was investigated using two types of molds with conical and curved geometry, and its effect on extrusion force was examined by changing the friction

The flow stress behavior of an innovative spray-formed aluminum–copper–lithium (Al–Cu–Li) alloy was successfully investigated via isothermal compression tests under a deformation temperature range of 350–450 °C (25 °C interval) and a strain rate range of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 s−1. The constitutive relationship was established based on backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) algorithm. And

A mathematical model of argon gas flow in a slot plug was developed to investigate the flow parameters of the argon gas at the exit of the slot plug. Gas compressibility and the heat transfer between argon gas and the plug have been considered in the model. The simulated velocity and density of argon gas at the plug exit were different from the calculated results obtained in previous studies. Velocity

Drilling of titanium alloy results in considerable burrs at the exit surface of a hole. The burrs deteriorate quality of hole surfaces and can cause misalignment during assembly. Therefore, burr minimization while drilling is necessary. In this study, innovative chamfered drills with slits have been developed to reduce the burr height and thrust forces. Dry drilling experiments were conducted using

In this research, the influence of post-annealing treatment on the microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of cold-rolled austenitic stainless steel was investigated. The AISI 304 steel was asymmetrically rolled and then annealed in the temperature range of 700–900 °C for 10–60 min. By increasing the time and temperature of annealing treatment, the number of twins and strain-induced martensite

In deep drawing process, if the workpiece is not willing to wrinkle due to small drawing ratio, deep drawing is done without the blank-holder. In present paper, numerical analysis of hot deep drawing for the thick hemispherical head from a plate with the thickness of 63.5 mm which is made of alloy steel HY-100 is presented without using the blank-holder. The drawing process of hemispherical head is

A number of creep tests were performed on a Ni-base superalloy DS CM 247 specimens at three temperatures viz. 850, 950 and 1050 °C and over a range of stresses. Three-dimensional (3D) maps of creep curves (creep strain–time-stress) were generated by using the ‘in-house developed code’ based on θ-projection methodology. These 3D maps with overlaid experimental creep curves show a very good agreement

The microstructure and corrosion behavior of friction stir (FS) welded API X-60 pipeline steel were investigated. Three FS welds were successfully fabricated under various welding conditions using a tungsten carbide-base tool. It was found that the microstructure and corrosion performance of the welds were strongly affected by welding parameters. A thermal history study of the welds showed that all

Over the last 100 years, it has been a full circle for the automotive industry. Electric vehicles which generally dominated the roads till 1920s slowly lost the ground to the gasoline vehicles due to the large-scale discovery of petroleum across the globe. Electric vehicles are now back again, and this time it is going to stay. In this paper, after discussing the roles of the component shape and the

Duplex stainless steels (DSS) have been growing continuously as they are cost effective alternative to austenitic stainless steel with better mechanical and corrosion resistance. Duplex stainless steel compositions are expanding in both directions towards leaner and richer chemistry for popular as well as very critical applications. The strength of DSS is its high yield strength compared to popular

Syngonanthus nitens (SN), locally called Sikki grass, a natural fiber whose potential as a reinforcement in polymer matrix composite for tribology applications has not been explored till date. The present work aims to investigate the study of solid particle impact on erosion wear behavior of this natural fiber polymer matrix composite. The study describes the preparation of a new set of composites

This paper deals with the role of minor addition of Cr on the atomic rearrangement and crystallization evolution in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass. For this purpose, Cr elements with 1–4% atomic percentage were added into the alloying composition. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that the trace element led to the increase in disordered structures in the glassy alloy and the decline in population

Molecular dynamics simulations with adaptive intermolecular reactive empirical bond order (AIREBO) potential were carried out to study the effect of temperature and orientation on the tensile strength of pristine and defective bilayer graphene (BLG) sheet. Results obtained reveal that the fall in tensile strength of pristine AA stacked BLG due to the presence of vacancy is significant at room temperature

Robust manufacturing technology for sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) components required development of various innovative welding technologies backed by thorough research. Construction of the 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam was preceded by extensive technology development which included planning and implementation of R&D on welding consumables and procedures and also technologies

An alternative powder-pack boriding powder mixture containing H3BO3 as boron source and commercial boriding powder containing B4C as boronizing agent were used for boriding of GGG 70 type ductile iron. As a result of XRD analysis, while only Fe2B phase was detected on the samples boronized with alternative boriding mixture, besides Fe2B phase, small amount of FeB phase was also determined on the samples

The interaction between O2 and magnetite (Fe3O4) (1 1 1) surface is investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The calculated results show that O2 perpendicular to the Fetet-terminated and parallel to the Feoct-terminated are the two of the most stable configurations, which is converted to a similar structure after optimization. The adsorbed O2 gains charges from the nearest Fe atom, while

The deformation behavior and microstructural modification of the complex A356 aluminum alloy were studied through high-speed converging die compression under different processing conditions. The solid cylindrical billets were compressed through a converging die with two different ratios of reduction (R) of 1.5 and 2 at 300–500 °C. In this study, various tests were performed to analyze the chemical

The current work emphasizes the characterization of inter-columnar macro-segregation in as-cast samples from continuously cast steel slabs and their segregation level in the rolled products. Based on the literature studies, and understanding from the characterization of steel samples, the formation mechanism and possible causes of inter-columnar segregation have been elucidated. It is observed that