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Corrosion Studies of Hf 64 Cu 18 Ni 18 Metallic Glass in Acidic and Alkaline Media Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Anuj Khond; Shashi B. Arya; Bhaskar Majumdar; Jatin Bhatt; Ajeet K. Srivastav
In the present paper, the corrosion behavior of Hf-rich Hf64Cu18Ni18 (at%) metallic glass (MG) was studied in acidic and alkaline media using electrochemical polarization experiments. Three different molar solutions of NaOH and HCl were used for the experiments. The results show that the glassy alloy possesses significantly high corrosion resistance in alkaline solution than acidic one. Pits are observed
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Influence of Pre-Ratcheting Fatigue on Tensile Behavior of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel at Ambient Temperature Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Prerna Mishra; N. C. Santhi Srinivas; G. V. S. Sastry; Vakil Singh
Modified 9 Cr-1Mo steel is a material of prime significance in power plants used for components of steam generation units. The phenomenon of ratcheting involves aggregation of plastic strain in each cycle during asymmetric cyclic stressing. In the present study, the role of prior ratcheting has been studied on tensile behavior of this steel at ambient temperature. Cyclic tests were performed under
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Investigation of Powder Mixed EDM of Nickel-Based Superalloy Using Cobalt, Zinc and Molybdenum Powders Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 S. Ramesh, M. P. Jenarthanan
Powder mixed electric discharge machining is one of the important recent trends in electric discharge machining process which successfully addresses some of the issues associated with the normal die-sinking EDM process. Since the performance of powder mixed EDM is based on work and tool material combination besides other process parameters, various research works have been reported by experimenting
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Globularization of Primary Phase of Al–7Si–0.3Mg Alloy During Cooling Slope Processing and Isothermal Holding Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Prosenjit Das, Pradip Dutta
This study is aimed towards process design for semi-solid slurry generation of Al–7Si–0.3Mg alloy using cooling slope as a slurry maker, and subsequent isothermal holding to promote globularization of slurry microstructure. The study primarily reports globularization mechanism of cooling slope processed semi-solid slurry of the alloy, and efforts are directed to establish process control by investigating
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Influence of Microstructural Characteristics on Ballistic Performance and Its Mode of Failure in Shielded Metal Arc Welded Ultra-High Hard Armor Steel Joints Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Subramani Naveen Kumar, Visvalingam Balasubramanian, Sudersanan Malarvizhi, Abdur Hafeezur Rahman, Vadivel Balaguru
The welding of ultra-high hard armour (UHA) steel is highly challenging due to their higher hardness (600 HV) and higher carbon equivalent (0.80). In this investigation, 15-mm-thick UHA steel plates are welded by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process using three different consumables such as austenitic stainless steel (ASS), low-hydrogen ferritic steel (LHF), and duplex stainless steel (DSS). The
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Influence of Aging Temperature on Functional Fatigue Behavior of a Ti 50 Ni 45 Cu 5 Shape Memory Alloy Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 G. Swaminathan, V. Sampath, S. H. Adarsh
Smart actuators, using materials with a memory, are an attractive alternative to conventional actuators due to their unique properties, such as high energy density, low power-to-weight ratio, simplicity of design, and miniaturization of size. However, the continuous cyclic operation of such devices, within their transformation temperature range, leads to the degradation of their functional properties
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A Comparative Study on Deformation Behaviour of Superelastic NiTi with Traditional Elastic–Plastic Alloys in Sub-micron Scale Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 S. Sujith Kumar, Indrani Sen
A nanoindentation-based study is conducted to analyse the small-scale deformation behaviour of superelastic NiTi-based shape memory alloy. The mechanism is compared with respect to that for traditional elastic–plastic ferrous and non-ferrous alloys: ferritic stainless steel of grade 409 and Al. To develop a comprehensive insight into the deformation behaviour, various experiments including nanoindentation
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Challenges in Qualifying Additive Manufacturing for Turbine Components: A Review Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Dheepa Srinivasan
Gas turbine engine advancements have been enabled by innovation in materials and manufacturing technologies. The evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) has changed the face of direct digital technologies for the rapid production of models, prototypes, and functional parts including repair and maintenance for turbine engines. Metal 3D printing is poised to be an enabler for the next industrial revolution
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Damage Tolerance Behavior of a Nickel-Based Super-alloy GTM718 Under Cold-TURBISTAN Variable Amplitude Loads Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Sharanagouda G. Malipatil, Anuradha N. Majila, D. Chandru Fernando, M. Manjuprasad, C. M. Manjunatha
In this study, the damage tolerance behavior in terms of fatigue crack propagation behavior of an aero-engine material under a standard variable amplitude load sequence was predicted and compared with experimental results. The constant amplitude (CA) fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior of GTM718, a nickel-based super-alloy, was determined at various stress ratios R = σmin/σmax ranging from R = 0
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Microstructure and Properties of In situ Synthesized TiC/Graphene/Ti6Al4V Composite Coating by Laser Cladding Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Lizheng Zhang, Zhanyong Zhao, Peikang Bai, Wenbo Du, Haihong Liao, Yuxin Li, Minjie Liang, Bing Han, Pengcheng Huo
A graphene (Gr)/Ti6Al4V composite coating was prepared by laser cladding, and the microstructure and the properties were studied. The results showed that an in situ synthesis between Gr and Ti occurred and TiC was formed. The TiC was homogeneously distributed. The α’ acicular martensite was formed at the bottom of the coating during the rapid solidification process, and a good metallurgical bond was
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The Effect of the Elements Co and Ni on Wear Behaviour of Bronze Alloys Produced by the Hot Pressing Method Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 Tülay Yıldız, Nida Katı, Alaattin Yılmaz
In this study, samples were produced via the Hot Isostatic pressing method by adding the elements Ni and Co at different rates into Cu–Sn (85/15) alloys. Due to their physical, thermal, and wear properties, Cu–Sn bronze alloys are widely used in journal bearings and bushings in automotive applications. In order to improve the mechanical properties of Cu–Sn alloys, it was aimed to increase their hardness
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Effect of P 2 O 5 , CaF 2 and Basicity on the Viscosity and Structure of La 2 O 3 -Bearing Calcium–Silicate–Aluminum Slag System Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 Wenbin Xin, Jing Zhang, Yongchun Deng, Yinju Jiang, Pengyu Wang
The effects of the P2O5 and CaF2 contents and the basicity on the viscosity of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–La2O3 slag systems were investigated using the rotating cylinder method during the continuous cooling process. The structural characteristics of the quenched slag samples were clarified by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The results showed that the slag viscosity and break temperature
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The Study on Acacia Gum for the Production of Cores for Foundry Processes Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-14 Cyril Ocheri, Joseph Babalola Agboola, Christopher Nwankwo Mbah, Chikezie Walter Onyia, Johnson Nwaemezie Ezeanyanwu, Romanus Egwuonwu Njoku, Nnaemeka Anthony Urama
Four different types of acacia gums were used in this research work. The four materials species are categorized as grades A, B, C, and D. The binders are popularly known as acacia gums. In most foundry operations, to achieve quality casting results, the experimental binders are varied until better results are obtained. Sixty-five (65) samples were produced and the physical and mechanical properties
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Characterization and Optimization of Slurry Erosion Behavior of SS 316 at Room Temperature Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-14 Akash Vyas, Jyoti Menghani, Pringal Patel, Satish More, C. P. Paul, Amar Patnaik, S. P. Ingole
Erosion is the most prominent issue in several engineering applications such as hydropower plants, steam/jet turbines, aircraft engines and chemical processing equipment. In the present study, slurry jet erosion tests were performed on the SS-316 with variation in impingement angle (30°, 90°), velocity (14.7, 30.6 m/s) and slurry concentration (0.5, 2.28%). SiO2 particles of size below 300 microns
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Microwave and Conventional Preparation of P 2 O 5 –ZnO–Al 2 O 3 –Na 2 O Glass/Eu 3+ Ion as Luminescent Probe Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-13 Ashis Kumar Mandal
Glass comprising of P2O5–Al2O3–Na2O–ZnO is melted in microwave (MW) heating as an alternate energy efficient heating method. Properties of glasses obtained from MW heating are compared with that of glasses prepared adopting resistive heating. Glass transition temperature (Tg) in MW melted glass is found ~ 15–20 °C lower compared to the glass prepared in resistance furnace. XPS O1s spectra indicate
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Manufacturing and Characterization of Tungsten Particulate-Reinforced AW106 Epoxy Resin Composites Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 E. Jenson Joseph, K. Panneerselvam
In this research work, the variation in the mechanical and thermal behavior of tungsten (W)-reinforced epoxy resin (EPR) composites by varying the tungsten particulate content has been investigated. The composites were fabricated by manual mixing and specimens containing tungsten particles varying in proportion of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt. % were synthesized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the specimen
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Investigation of Surface Properties of EN8, EN24, and EN41B Low Alloy Steel Treated by Active Screen Plasma Nitriding Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Nand Kumar, B. Ganguli, Bidesh Roy, Bachu Deb
In this work, active screen plasma nitriding (AS_PN) of EN8, EN24, and EN41B low alloy steel was carried out to improve its surface properties. The process parameters of 500 °C temperature for 4 h with the gas flow in the ratio of H2:N2 = 1:1 were used for the treatment. The improvement in the surface was assessed by the microhardness as well as characterized by SEM and XRD. The microhardness measurements
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The Effect of Remelting on Microstructure and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Ti–Mn–V Alloy Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Mahdi Taghizadeh, Seyed Mahdi Abbasi, Masoumeh Seifollahi, Seyyed Mahdi Ghazi Mirsaeed
In this research, the effect of multiple remelting on microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of (TiZr)1(VFeCrMn)2.1 alloy was studied. The alloy was melted using a VIM furnace. This process was repeated three times. The microstructure was evaluated by SEM and XRD analysis, and the hydrogen storage properties were measured by Sieverts method. The results indicated that the microstructure contains
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Tailoring the Properties of Biodegradable Mg–Ca Alloy by Groove Pressing Technique Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Manas Ranjan Sahu, T. S. Sampath Kumar, Uday Chakkingal
Biodegradable Mg–0.6Ca alloy was processed by groove pressing technique to obtain ultrafine-grained structure for orthopedic application. The effect of microstructural variations and surface features produced by groove pressing on the mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, and in-vitro bioactivity in Mg–0.6Ca alloy were investigated. The optical microscopy observation showed that a grain size
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Metal Casting 4.0: Closing the Loop Between Design and Manufacturing Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 B. Ravi
Product quality depends upon symbiotic inter-dependencies among material, design, tooling and process parameters. Such multifarious relationships make it very difficult to avoid defects in metal casting—still the most economical process to produce large parts with intricate features. To get the quality ‘right first time and every time,’ we need to transform this art into science by leveraging the latest
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Spheroidization of 100Cr6 Bearing Steel by Warm Forging Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-08 M. Vidhyasagar, G. Balachandran
Warm forging of a (1%C–1.5%Cr) bearing steel at 760 and 800 °C could enable the achievement of a fully spheroidized microstructure comparable to that of the steel spheroidized by long-duration annealing treatment. The deformation-induced spheroidization gave higher hardness, strength, and toughness than the annealed steel. The deformation-induced grain structure and the finer dispersion of the residual
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Qualitative, Quantitative and Mechanism Research of Volatiles in the Most Commonly Used CaO–SiO 2 –CaF 2 –Na 2 Ο Slag During Casting Process Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-07 Shaopeng Gu, Liang Yu, Guanghua Wen, Ping Tang, Zhe Wang, Zhubing Gao
The volatilization problem of mold fluxes extremely affects their physicochemical properties and then the quality of steel shells and casting process. Therefore, in this paper, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatiles in the most commonly used CaO–SiO2–CaF2–Na2O slag was conducted with thermogravimetric analyzer–mass spectroscopy (TG–MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope
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Concurrent Enhancement of Strength and Corrosion Resistance in Ultrafine-grained Al6063 Tubes Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-07 M. Ebrahimi, C. Gode, Sh. Attarilar, R. Berjis
This paper deals with the employment of the successive ECAP method on tubular Al6063 samples and its related properties. Application of the four passes process improved yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness up to 231%, 54%, and 92% so that the increasing rate was high at the initial passes. As compared to the as-received sample, hardness distribution uniformity which was considerably
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Influence of Ti 3 AlC 2 Ceramic Particles in AZ91 Alloy: Produced by Melt Infiltration Method Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-06 Deepa Rani, Lingappa Rangaraj, B. Suresha, K. Venkateswarlu
The processing approach and conditions to fabricate AZ91–Ti3AlC2 composites through melt infiltration (MI) were optimized. Ti3AlC2 reinforcement was varied from ~ 30 to ~ 50 vol.%. In the processing approach, AZ91 alloy cubes were spread in Ti3AlC2 powder packing and heated to 600–750 °C at an applied pressure of 0.2–7 MPa, resulting in AZ91–Ti3AlC2 composite. The effect of starting particle size of
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Effect of Carbon Addition on Mechanical Properties and Dry Sliding Behavior of Fe-0.65P Alloy Processed by Powder Forging Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-06 S. K. Chaurasia, Vikram V. Dabhade, Ujjwal Prakash, S. K. Nath
The present work reports the effect of addition of 0.2 wt.% C on the microstructure, mechanical properties and dry sliding wear of Fe-0.65 wt.% P-based alloy prepared by hot powder forging. The presence of phosphorus (P) leads to loss of ductility in steels which may be overcome by use of the reported powder forging route as well as addition of C in processing of Fe–P alloys. In this study, the iron-phosphate
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Laboratory-Scale Integrated Coke Dry Quenching System for Coal Carbonization Test Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 S. K. Kushwaha, A. Kumar, B. Ghosh, P. K. Jha, K. K. Manjhi
Carbonization test using pilot coke oven is an important laboratory-scale analysis to evaluate coke-making ability of metallurgical coals. RDCIS, SAIL, comprises a pilot oven of 250 kg coal charging capacity, with the facility of both top and stamp chargings. The functional pilot coke oven of this size for carbonization test is expensive and requires a large number of samples and time. To prevail over
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Effect of Forming-Die Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA7075 Alloy During HFQ ® Process Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 Y. F. Jiang, H. Ding, M. H. Cai, Y. Chen, Y. Liu, Y. S. Zhang
Hot forming quenching-integrated process (HFQ®) has aroused widespread attention as a new stamping technology recently for producing complex-shaped structural parts. Forming-die temperature plays a critical role on tailoring the microstructure and mechanical properties of the final hot formed parts. In this paper, the HFQ® + pre-ageing (PA) + simulated baking (SB) process was used for AA7075 alloy
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Effects of Brass Interlayer on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA 6061-T6 Joint Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 Rishabh Swarnkar, Sohan Chaudhary, Ashish Das, Shashi Bhushan Prasad, Mukesh Kumar, Raj Ballav
The most important issues in the joining of similar aluminum alloy are softening of weld zone and reduction in tensile strength of joints. Use of a metallic interlayer can resolve these issues. In the present research work, effect of brass interlayer on the properties of friction stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum alloy was studied. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to investigate the phase composition
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Rate-Limiting Mechanism in Iron Ore Sintering Process with Waste Gas Recycling Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 Veera Brahmacharyulu Angalakuditi, Sudhakar Karre, Lokendra Raj Singh, Saroj Sundar Baral
Recycling waste gas through the sinter bed has an advantage of saving solid fuel. Depending upon the amount of waste gas recycled and its CO content, an equivalent quantity of solid fuel is saved. FeO is one of the key indicators of fuel needed for sintering; its optimization is critical to the consistency in sinter quality. Sinter pot tests were conducted to identify the effect of varying amounts
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Improvement of Tensile and Fracture Toughness Properties of Al 2014 Alloy Processed by Different Rolling Method followed by Post-ageing Treatment Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Manoj Kumar Pathak, Amit Joshi, K. K. S. Mer
The present investigation focuses on the effect of artificial ageing treatment on solution treated AA 2014 alloy, cryo-rolled AA 2014 alloy deformed at true strain of 2.3 and cryo-groove-rolled AA 2014 alloy deformed at strain of 2.3. The microstructural features of deformed AA 2014 alloy were characterized by the scanning-electron microscopy and transmission-electron microscopy. The Vickers hardness
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Analysis of Surface Roughness, Sound Level and Machine Current in the Turning of Hardened AISI S1 Steel Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 A. K. Cakir
In this study, surface roughness values, sound levels and instantaneous current values were measured with calibrated devices in accordance with the experimental parameters. In this study, turning tests were carried out on AISI S1 steel material workpieces at three different depth of cuts, three different feed rates and 3 different cutting speeds without coolant. A full factorial experimental design
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Computational Modeling of Compressive Behavior of Wire-Reinforced Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Hamidreza Daghigh Shirazi, Mehdi Malekan
The effect of wire type and volume fraction on the compressive behavior of wire-reinforced bulk metallic glass (BMG) matrix composites were investigated using the finite element method. The composites and test procedure were simulated in the ABAQUS software, and analyses on stress propagation and extracted compressive stress–strain curves were performed, which showed an acceptable agreement with experimental
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Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Independent Parameters in the Face Milling of Aluminum 6082 Alloy Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 M. Varatharajulu, Muthukannan Duraiselvam, K. Arun Kumar, C. Gabrial Kanniyan, Ramkumar Sathiyamurthy
Face milling is the vital process, which takes away the material from the top surface. This work comprehends the selection of desirable milling parameters like spindle speed (SS), feed rate (FR) and depth of cut (DoC) over machining time, material removal rate and surface roughness. The complex technical reasons like shearing action, dribbling, furrowing, churning and piling were identified concerning
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Abrasive Wear Investigation and Parametric Process Optimization of in situ Al–4.5%Cu–xTiB 2 Composites Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-26 Shaik Mozammil, Eklavya Koshta, P. K. Jha
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Selective Flocculation of Chromite Tailings Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-23 Lopamudra Panda, R. Venugopal, N. R. Mandre
Odisha state is the major reserve of the chromite ore. Due to the extensive applications, high-grade chromite ore is getting depleted day by day. Now it is a challenge for the industry to utilize these low-grade ores and tailings. Several attempts were taken to upgrade the low-grade chrome ores and tailings using different gravity separation methods, magnetic separation methods, flotation, etc. But
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Resistance Spot Welding Behavior of Automotive Steels Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Saurabh Akulwar, Arbind Akela, D. Satish Kumar, Madhu Ranjan
In present-day automobiles, new high-strength steel grades are being extensively utilized, which have different alloy concentration, microstructure and properties, and results in different spot welding behavior. In the present work, the effect of weld current was studied on four widely used automotive grades, such as IF 270, TRIP 690, DP 780 and TRIP 980, in a laboratory welding machine. The welding
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Bi-objective Optimization of Maraging Steel Produced by Vacuum Induction Melting Using Evolutionary Algorithms Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Chandan Halder, Lakshmi Prasanna Kuppili, Saurabh Dixit, Snehanshu Pal, Sanjay Kumar Jha
Maraging steel is a special alloy exhibiting excellent combination of ultra-high strength with considerable ductility. Thus, such steel become significant worldwide for strategic sectors (like nuclear, aerospace and defence) where stringent quality standards with respect to chemistry and properties is compulsory. Manufacturing of these steel is extremely difficult, and vacuum induction melting (VIM)
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An Investigation into Pre-concentration of Low-Grade Silica-Rich Malanjkhand Copper Ore by Wilfley Table Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Silpa Sweta Jena, S. I. Angadi, N. R. Mandre, R. Venugopal
Pre-concentration stages are generally employed to process base and precious metals where the feed grades are inferior. The pre-concentration could remove major gangue minerals and enrich the desired metal content. Further, it improves the efficiency of subsequent concentration stages. In the present investigation, pre-concentration studies were carried out on the mixed copper ore from Malanjkhand
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Cold Spray of Metal Powder Mixtures: Achievements, Issues and Perspectives Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 A. Sova, M. Doubenskaia, E. Trofimov, M. Samodurova, V. Ulianitsky, I. Smurov
Cold spray is the solid-state process for elaboration of metal coatings and free-standing parts. The absence of material melting during build-up of deposit allows to apply this technology for producing metal composites with innovative properties. The cold spray metal composites could be produced by deposition of composite powders or by simultaneous spraying of powder mixtures. The second approach is
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Development and Modeling of a Robotic Restoration System Based on Laser Directed Energy Deposition Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Sachin Alya, Chaitanya Vundru, Bhargavi Ankamreddy, Sandesh Birla, Ramesh Singh
Laser-based directed energy deposition (DED) technique has the potential for precise restoration of localized damage in high value components. This paper describes the indigenous development and sub-systems integration of a robotic restoration system based on laser DED. This system comprises of four modules: a robot for imparting desired outcome; 3 kW fiber laser as the energy source; powder feeder;
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Development and Implementation of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) Based on Pulse Spray GMAW for Aluminum Alloy (AlSi7Mg) Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Mayur Patel, Sanjiv Mulgaonkar, Hemal Desai, Tushar Borse
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a manufacturing technology that uses an arc welding process to produce metal parts additively. The key attraction of WAAM for industries is the low cost per component and short production lead time, when components are required in small quantity for applications such as complex components of prototypes and parts for repairs/breakdown replacement. This paper
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Theoretical Analysis of Hysteresis and Characteristic Transition Temperatures of Iron-Based Memory Metals Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 V. Sampath, Sai Venkata Gayathri Ayyagari, R. Srinithi, A. G. Deepika Rajam, Swetha Andra, A. Anusha
The correlation between valence electrons per atom (ev/a) and the characteristic transition temperatures of quaternary and quinary Fe-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) is investigated. Regression equations relating their transformation temperatures (Ms, As) to composition and ev/a are obtained. On adding alloying elements to the SMAs, their transformation temperatures get altered and this is correlated
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Design and Engineering Challenges for Installation of Coke Dry Quenching Plant in Brown Field Scenario Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Vijay Bhatt, Manos De, Bulu Chandra, Bratindra Narayan Dey, Sphatick Bhattacharyya, Sujit Kumar Halder, Sharat Kumar
The increasing focus on sustainability of Steel Industries worldwide has brought in new trends, viz. maximizing utilization of assets and reduction of energy consumption and carbon footprint. Coke dry quenching (CDQ) technology for recovery of waste heat from hot coke to generate process steam and power is well established and adopted worldwide that meets these objectives of sustainable operation.
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Microstructural Studies of Composite (Cr 3 C 2 –NiCr) Laser Clads Developed on Preheated Substrate T91 Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Ajit M. Hebbale, Manish Tak, Ravi Bathe
High cooling speed in laser cladding process yields excellent metallurgical and mechanical properties. Indeed, this attribute along with the process’s additive nature contributes significantly to the development of thermal stresses that are the major cause of any possible crack and delamination formation across the deposition. This limitation is more common for additive materials such as chromium carbide
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Fabrication of Al/Cu Composite Reinforced with AISI 304 Stainless Steel Wires Through Accumulative Roll Bonding and Evaluation of Their Mechanical Properties Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 E. Mostafazadeh, H. Jafarzadeh
In the present study, a multilayer Al/Cu composite reinforced with AISI 304 stainless steel wires was fabricated through an accumulative roll bonding process. The microstructure and bonding integrity of different layers were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the produced composite samples were evaluated by tensile testing and micro-hardness measurements
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Comparative Study on Using Ultrasonic Array-Based Techniques for Detection of Flaws in Thick and Attenuating Materials Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Sumana, S. Ponseenivasan, Anish Kumar
This paper reports the influence of thickness and material attenuation on volumetric inspection using conventional and advanced ultrasonic array-based techniques through suitable examples. The sensitivity achieved in conventional phased array ultrasonic testing technique with focusing at specific depth using delay laws and advanced array-based techniques for simultaneous focusing at all depths such
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Experimental and theoretical study of dynamic bend angle in the explosive welding process Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Bir Bahadur Sherpa, Pal Dinesh Kumar, Abhishek Upadhyay, Sandeep Kumar, Arun Agarwal, Sachin Tyagi
Dynamic bend angle (β) is an important parameter that should satisfy the range defined by the weldability window for successful joining in the explosive welding process. In this manuscript, we studied the dynamic bend angle (β) for the newly developed low velocity of detonation explosive welding (LVEW) process theoretically and then experimentally with the help of flash X-ray radiography (FXR) technique
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Slurry Erosion Behaviour of Low-Temperature Liquid Nitrided 16Cr5Ni Martensitic Stainless Steel Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Guru Prakash, S. K. Nath
Hydroturbine blades experience erosive wear during operations due to the presence of silt particles. The hydroturbine blades are fabricated from 16Cr5Ni martensitic stainless steels (16/5MSS). In order to mitigate the erosive wear of blades, heat-treated 16/5MSS (16/5HTT) were liquid nitrided at low temperature of 450 °C (16/5M450) and 500 °C (16/5M500) for 10 h in separate batch process. The cumulative
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A Review of Developments in Steel: Implications for Long-Span Structures Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Prem Krishna
Historically, iron in different forms has been known to exist for Architectural and Engineering applications from early periods of civilisation, but in the modern context, it would be best to review the growth of steel, during the last couple of centuries. This paper, first, traces briefly the developments in steel in terms of its various aspects, which are relevant to the design of structures. It
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A Comparative Studyon Characteristics of Inconel-625 Joints Developed through Microwave Hybrid Heating and Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Ravindra I. Badiger, Ajit M. Hebbale, M Manjaiah, Gajanan M. Naik
In recent years, microwave welding has received attention for joining of similar and dissimilar metals due to its major advantages like volumetric heating, selective heating of target materials, energy saving and sustainability. In the present work, the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Inconel-625-welded joints developed through microwave hybrid heating and those produced
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Effect of Using a Copper Insert on Stability and Energy Balance in an Aluminum Production Cell Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Dipti Ranjan Parida, Randhir Singh, Nabakishore Kalo, K. V. S. Ravikrishna
Roughly half of the electrical energy input to a modern Hall–Héroult cell for the aluminum (Al) production is lost as heat. Naturally, significant efforts are currently directed toward increasing the thermal efficiency of the cell by a variety of means. In this work, a slice thermoelectric model of a Hall–Héroult cell was developed for a conventional base model (insert-free collector bar) as well as
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Historical Review on the Boriding Process using Bibliometric Analysis Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 R. A. García-León, J. Martínez-Trinidad, I. Campos-Silva
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Enhanced Performance of Automotive and Industry Precision Components by Advanced Carbonitriding Technology Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Ashish Soni, Werner Trojahn, Markus Dinkel, Tim Hosenfeldt
Due to their enhanced mechanical properties, gas carbonitrided steel components containing martensite and nitrogen stabilized austenite are currently widely used for highly loaded and severe application conditions. Carbon and nitrogen (C–N) concentration profiles developed during the gas carbonitriding have significant effect on the final properties of the steel. To achieve consistent properties and
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Investigation of the Effect of Inoculant and Casting Temperature on Fluidity Properties in the Production of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Murat Çolak, Sinan Kaya
Working with liquid metal makes the casting method very advantageous, but also presents some difficulties. One of the common challenges in the casting process is that the liquid metal may not fill the mold cavity completely. This is mainly due to the contact of the liquid metal with the mold surface in the mold cavity, the high heat transfer coefficient of the mold material, and the undercooling and
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Characterization and Property Analysis of Heat-treated Functionally Graded Al8Si3Cu Alloy and TiC reinforced Composite Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 R. Jojith, R. C. Akhil, N. Radhika
Functionally graded (FG) Al8Si3Cu alloy and 8 wt% titanium carbide (TiC) reinforced composite (∅out100 × ∅56in × 100 mm) was fabricated through horizontal centrifugal casting, followed by T6 heat treatment. Metallographic analysis confirmed fine grain structure at FG alloy outer layers, whereas heat-treated alloy displayed spheroidised eutectic silicon. Gradient microstructure was observed for FG composite
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Influence on Mechanical Behaviour and Characterization of A6063/Bagasse and Titanium Nitride Hybrid Composites Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 K. Ravi Kumar, T. Pridhar, S. C. Vettivel
In this study, aluminium matrix (A6063) composites reinforced with titanium nitride and sugarcane bagasse ash were fabricated using liquid metallurgy technique. Reinforcements were added to a maximum of 10 wt% in aluminium alloy. The composites were then subjected to various mechanical properties study. Microscopic examinations were employed to analyse the distribution of reinforcement and phases in
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Review on the Creep Resistance of High-Temperature Titanium Alloy Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Shang Li, Tongsheng Deng, Yinghui Zhang, Yaqian Liang, Ruixiang Li, Tinghao Dong
Creep property of high-temperature titanium alloys is one of the most important indexes to evaluate their high-temperature performance. The microstructure of titanium alloy materials plays a decisive role in creep resistance. Coarser the grains are and finer the secondary phase is, better is the creep property. Suitable hot deformation parameters, heat treatment processes and surface treatment techniques
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Effect of Different Filling Systems on Casting Densities and Porosities of Sand Step-Casted Aluminum Al–7Si–0.3Mg (LM 25) Alloy Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Quaid Jamal, Feroz Shah, Bilal Islam, Eid Badshah, Sadiq Ali
In spite of abundant information of conventional gating system design, casting defects such as shrinkage and gas porosities were found in castings that make the final castings extremely vulnerable to deformation. Improper fluid flow and irregular solidification of metals is due to faulty gating system design that in turn produces major casting defects. In this paper, quantitative analysis of the densities
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Effect of Heat Treatment on the Damping Characteristics of Ni Surface-Deposited Agro Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Nitla Stanley Ebenezer, B. Vinod, Angajala Ramakrishna, Hanumanthu Satya Jagadesh
The current study chiefly endeavours about adjudicating the heat treatment characteristics on the energy dissipation behaviour of nickel surface-deposited Al/RHA metal matrix composites (MMC). The base A356.2 matrix system is reinforced with rice husk (RHA) at three dissimilar wt.%, viz. (2, 4, and 6%), by engaging customary stir casting practise. Then, the fabricated Al/RHA composites are nickel surface
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Friction Stir Processing of AA3105/SiC Composites Constructed Through the Sandwich Method: The Effects of FSP Variables Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (IF 1.205) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Meraj Houshyar, Salman Nourouzi, Hamed Jamshidi Aval
This study investigates the production of Al-SiC metal matrix composite by sandwich method as a manufacturing process. The SiC particles were applied through spraying method as a layer between AA3105 aluminum sheets, and then, the effect of FSP parameters was scrutinized. The results showed an enhanced degree of stirring and plastic deformation by increasing \(w/v\) ratio, which led to the refinement