The use of aluminium alloys as the material of manufacturing has increased tremendously such as manufacturing of Nissan, Audi, Honda and BMW cars. However, there is lack of complete data on the best technique for restoration of obliterated serial numbers on such alloy used in the engine block. This research study was carried out to identify the most efficient and sensitive reagent among the five different

Hot deformation behavior of aluminum 5083 alloy was studied based on the compression test done up to true strain 0.5 in the temperature range of 473–773 K and strain rate range of 0.01–10 s−1. The Arrhenius equations were used to evaluate the average activation energy for deformation. Processing map was developed to identify the optimum, safe and unsafe zones for processing based on the compression

An artificial neural network model to predict the performance of induced roll high-intensity magnetic separator while upgrading low-grade iron ore fines is presented in the present investigation. Key process parameters of induced roll magnetic separator operation, i.e., applied current, speed of rotor, splitter position, particle size, and feed rate, are used as the network input. A feedforward ANN

Monitoring foam expansion and the study of foaming kinetics during in-situ foam filling are essential to ensure a desirable quality of foam-filled profiles. In this current research, a novel technique is proposed for monitoring in-situ aluminum foam filling of hollow profiles. In this technique, instantaneous temperatures measured at various locations of the hollow profile being filled have been used

In this work, a cast alloy of Al–Zn–Mg was developed from aluminium from recycled beverage cans and zinc scraps from battery and the influence of age-hardening heat treatment of the alloy on mechanical properties and reliability analysis on the tensile strength was investigated. The cast Al–Zn–Mg alloy was subjected to age-hardening heat treatment at different times. The aluminium, cast alloy and age-hardened

The behavior of the fine solid mixture in a fluid depends critically on its rheological property. The rheological properties of a mixture change based on factors like particle size distribution, shape, density, etc. In this paper, two different minerals with distinct densities and similar size distribution with its mixture at different proportions (i.e., at 10–90% of magnetite/chromite ore: silica)

In the iron and steel industry, the production of narrow particle size distribution (PSD) for pellet feed making with acceptable liberation of valuables from the iron ore is very difficult. This study has been carried out to achieve desired pellet feed with narrow PSD and maximum liberation of hematite from the iron ore. The iron ores have been collected from three different sources (mines in Karnataka

Detailed finite element simulations in conjunction with experimental analysis of cold pilger processing were carried out to investigate the deformation behavior of an AISI321 austenitic stainless steel. The effects of process parameters such as feed rate and turn angle on damage buildup were also evaluated. By considering compressive stresses, a new revised Latham–Cockcraft damage factor was obtained

Two-dimensional study of gas–fine flow in a packed bed is done using both the experimental and theoretical techniques. Two types of injection systems (lateral for rectangular system and bottom for cylindrical system) are used to cover the wide range of flow behaviour. Pressure drop study is done in the presence of raceway and tuyere protrusion under decreasing gas velocity condition in order to simulate

The research involved in selecting graphene as the reinforcing phase and thereby depositing graphene–Ni–P composite coatings with different graphene content on surface of AlCu4Mg1 aluminum alloy as plating. The influence of graphene concentration on the hardness, thickness, surface morphology, structure and composition of the composite coatings was tested and analyzed by mic hardness tester, digital

The joining of dissimilar materials is required in many engineering and defense applications, and the conventional fusion welding often results in defective welds. The friction stir welding has minimized the welding defects, but not completed. This work focuses on the effect of friction stir processing on TIG-welded joints with filler ER 5356 to improve the mechanical properties of TIG-welded joints

Extrusion experiments with various extrusion ratio and aging technology have been carried out to investigate the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–10Gd–3Y–2Ag–0.4Zr (wt%, GWQ1032K) alloy. The results show that hot extrusion at 400 °C with an extrusion ratio of 16 significantly refines the grain and improves its mechanical properties. Precipitates at grain boundaries increase

Zinc hydrometallurgy residue is one of the main sources of heavy metals in the environment. The chemical components and mineralogical characteristics of the reductive leaching residue was obtained by ICP-AES, XRD and SEM + EDS analysis. The results showed that the main heavy metals in the residue were Pb, Zn, Cd and As. Pb, Zn and Cd in the residue existed as PbSO4, ZnS and CdS, respectively. The three-step

Cleanliness of aluminum-killed ultra-low carbon steel produced through BOF–RH–CC and BOF–LF–RH–CC was comparatively investigated by nitrogen–oxygen analysis, SEM analysis and thermodynamic calculation to seek for an optimum refining process. The results show that the non-metallic inclusions with area above 8 μm2 could be removed obviously in both the refining processes. Compared with BOF–RH–CC process

Leaching plays a pivotal role in uranium extraction process. The intrinsic behavior of the industrial-scale leaching process is governed by microscopic phenomena such as microstructure of uranium and gangue minerals in the ore, diffusion and chemical reactions between molecules of solvent and solid phase during leaching. The present study includes in-depth microscopic investigations on morphological

Superheater tubes are the most critical components of a power plant’s boiler. Due to operation in high-temperature and -pressure conditions, platen superheater (primary superheater) tubes in thermal power point boilers are exposed to breakdowns such as creep failure and overheating. Therefore, identifying the causes of these failures and its maintenance is very important. Platen superheater tubes have

In this study, the enhancement of the failure loads of adhesive double-strap joints improved by nano-silica added in different concentrations is investigated. An epoxy-based structural adhesive, Araldite 2011, improved by silica nanoparticles through a course of actions, is utilized to attach aluminum adherend. Nano-silica in different concentrations is added to the adhesive so as to find the optimum

Abstract In this study, the effect of process parameters on the super-solidus liquid-phase sintering of Cu–28Zn brass alloy was evaluated by using response surface methodology. Compaction pressure of green samples, sintering temperature, and sintering time were considered as the input variables, while sintering density, densification parameter, porosity percentage, volumetric shrinkage percentage,

This study explored the role of tool rpm in the microstructure evolution and its significant effect on hardness measurement of friction stir welded 2.25Cr–1Mo (P22) steel to AISI 316LN stainless steel. Irrespective of rotational tool speeds, the martensitic phase transformation was found in the P22 steel side of the dissimilar weldments due to the higher peak temperature, and a higher degree of plastic

The presented research work exhibited the experimental outcomes of the thermal oxidation process adopted for the surface modification of titanium alloy grade 2. It revealed the oxidation process kinetics of the titanium substrate within a specified temperature range of 600–800 °C, over time duration of 1/3 h to 72 h. An incremental change in mass of the specimen (titanium grade 2) was observed over

The elastic moduli of the metallic nanoglasses Fe86Sc14, Fe90Sc10, Cu58Zr42, and Cu60Zr40 were determined by measuring their longitudinal and shear wave velocities together with their densities. The data were compared to the elastic moduli of the conventional melt-spun metallic glass counterparts of the same chemical composition. The elastic moduli for the nanoglasses were significantly smaller than

Elemental segregation leads to hot fissuring in the Incoloy 20. The present investigation examines the possibility of lessening the elemental segregation in the conventional arc welding techniques. In the present investigation, Incoloy 20 plates were fused by continuous current gas tungsten arc welding (CCGTAW) and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW) with two different nickel-based filler

The phenomenology of multicomponent diffusion studies was carried out in the IN718/BNi-2/AISI 316L joined couple at bonding temperature 1050 °C for bonding time 45 min. This study has been employed for the determination of interdiffusion fluxes, zero-flux planes and chemical potential gradient for multicomponent system of IN718/BNi-2/316L. The chemical composition of phases in the diffusion zone were

Tooth flanks used in gear rim applications of iron ore pelletizing plant get failed frequently, and the failures are also likely to take place in other suspected flanks. The objective of the study is to identify crack through nondestructive inspection and ascertain the probable cause and causes of failure to occur in the part based on examination and by studying its chemical, metallurgical, and mechanical

In this research work, aluminium with low-carbon steel was joined through the explosive welding process at different loading ratios. The high impact pressure caused by explosive energy at the weld interface results in increase in hardness value. This hardness property plays an important role, as it affects the mechanical properties of welded plates. A model based on an intelligent technique named adaptive

In this study, the effect of lamellar and globular α-phase on mechanical properties of strongly textured Ti–6Al–4V alloy was investigated. The strong transverse texture was developed in Ti–6Al–4V alloy via α + β rolling at 950 °C. In the following, lamellar and equiaxed microstructures have been separately promoted in the Ti–6Al–4V alloy during annealing at β- and α + β regions, respectively. According

This study has investigated the effect of different amounts of Cr and Zr additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy modified with strontium. The microstructure and phase examination were performed using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and XRD analysis, whereas mechanical properties were investigated via tensile testing and hardness measurements. Two-dimensional

Stir casting process is a prominent technique for the fabrication of aluminium matrix composites (AlMMCs). Regular feeding, two-step feeding, capsulate feeding, pre-melt feeding and double-layer feeding are different feeding methods used in stir casting technique. In this study, Al7075-MMCs reinforced with nano-sized Al2O3 are manufactured through five different feeding methods. The bonding between

India has vast coal resources all over the country; however, the presence of high ash content makes them invulnerable for industrial usage. To compensate for the rapid depletion of high-quality coking coals and to compensate for the demand for coal in iron and steel sectors, coal cleaning or beneficiation and blending techniques have come into limelight for the usage of low-quality coal. In this paper

Abstract Synthesis of tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) powders via sol–gel method and Ta2O5 coating ability onto AZ91 Mg alloy were investigated, in this study. AZ91 Mg alloy was chosen as substrate because of its low density and similar mechanical properties to bone. However, some surface treatments are needed, because the Mg alloy cannot maintain its mechanical integrity in the biological environment for long

Aluminium dross, an industrial by-product generated in large quantities, is fairly rich in aluminium content. Even though there are means of recycling (pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical routes), still a large amount of aluminium dross is landfilled. This research article emphasizes on recycling of aluminium dross by the production of potash alum. Powdered aluminium dross is allowed to react

Multiple cracks/voids have been extensively seen in structural components. The stress field gets affected due to the crack interaction, so the effect of multiple cracks should be considered in design analysis. Further, due to service load, the stress concentrations are induced at the crack tips, which is the source of failure of the component. Hence, the current work has been proposed to investigate

In the present study, the effect of heat treatment and reversible cyclic plastic deformation (RCPD) on microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 304L (SS304L) has been examined. The RCPD demonstrated a significant reduction in the grain size as well as formation of deformation-induced twins, without any observable phase transformation in the SS304L specimens. An isothermal annealing

The rise of particle–laden bubbles is a common phenomenon in many metallurgical refining processes as well as flotation processes. During its rise, it undergoes path oscillation, which is greatly affected by the mass of particles that are attached to the bubble surface. The experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of coated particle fraction on the bubble, which is on the

In the present work, the quantitative contributions of severe plastic deformation (SPD) through machining on the microcrystalline features and fatigue life of SPD processed Nimonic 263 have been investigated. X-ray diffraction line profile analysis (XRDLPA) has been executed to compute the likely makeover of microcrystalline characteristics such as crystallite size, lattice strain and dislocation density

Borochromized coatings on 5CrNiMo steel were prepared by thermo-reactive diffusion in a molten borax salt bath at 1173 K, 1223 K, and 1273 K for 0.5–6 h. The cross-sectional observation of optical microscopy (OM) revealed that the as-obtained coatings possessing a comb-like or needle-like microstructure with 21.4–84.7 µm thickness were smooth, compact, and homogeneous. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) results

Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys have the characteristics of low power consumption, corrosion resistance and good magnetic stability, while pure Al is characterized by good electrical conductivity, high reflectivity and non-magnetism. To combine the respective performance advantages of the two materials, the welding of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy foil and Al foil was realized by laser impact spot

This work reports the results of experimental work to evaluate the effect of current density (Cj), initial pH, salt dose, distance between electrodes (ID) and initial Cr(VI) concentration (Ci) for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater using batch electrocoagulation (EC). Experimental results show that Fe/Fe electrode combination with initial pH of 4.0, Cj of 43.103 A m−2, ID of 1.0 cm and NaCl

Surface roughness is one of the important factors which help to address the quality needs of composite materials, and it relies on the machining conditions. This paper carried out an experimental investigation to identify the influence of machining parameters on surface roughness of aluminum metal matrix composites. Stir casting technique is used to produce SiC- and B4C-reinforced aluminum composites

In this study, double-sided submerged-arc-welded CSEF steel joints were considered for microstructural and mechanical (hardness, ductility and strength) characterisations for four different cases of preheating and PWHT processes. The XRD and EDS analyses were also performed to investigate the phase transformation and chemical composition. Preheating was observed to be an improving factor for ductility

The present research has focused on investigation into the low-velocity impact (LVI) behavior of 3D-printed poly-lactic acid thermoplastic material processed by fused deposition modeling. Four different infill density (ID) percentages, namely 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, were manufactured and subjected to the LVI test with 50 J energy input. The specimens were impacted using 12.7-mm hemispherical portion

Transient liquid bonding (TLP) of IN718 superalloy to 316L alloy was carried out using BNi-2 interlayer with Ti powders. Effect of Ti powders addition with 2 and 4 wt% Ti on metallurgical, diffusion and mechanical properties of joints bonded at 1050 °C for three bonding time 45 min, 2 h and 16 h was investigated. The microstructure of the diffusion zone was investigated by scanning electron microscopy

Waste lithium-ion batteries are massively piling up because of ever-increasing consumption. Environmental considerations, limited life cycle, and the presence of lithium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel are the driving forces for recycling. In this study, an active cathode material (LiCoO2, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, LiMn2O4) was reduced in a muffle furnace and microwave unit with varying graphite dosages and times

Microstructural length scale of an eutectic alloy can be tuned with different cooling rates obtainable via different processing routes, such as melt spinning, suction casting and gas atomization. In this report, the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of selenium-free n-type BiSbTe compound were investigated. One kilogram of powder with a nominal composition of Bi22.5Sb7.5Te70 was fabricated using

The present work investigated the dry sliding wear behavior of gamma titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl) alloy deposited by electron beam melting (EBM) additive manufacturing technique. The wear-testing parameters used are applied load and sliding velocity, with a constant sliding distance. The wear behavior of commercially available Ti–6Al–4V and Inconel 718 was also investigated for the comparative purpose

TG and DSC analyses were performed to study thermal stability and specific heat capacity of red mud (RM) particle reinforced Al5083 alloy matrix composites. Metal matrix composites of different weight percentages of RM were blended by stir casting. The composites were processed by equi-channel angular extrusion using a die with an angle of 105° between channels and 30° at the outer curvature. The structural

The present work reports an experimental investigation on influence of microstructures on dry sliding wear performance of different grades of ferritic ductile iron. Ductile cast iron samples of ferritic grade have been subjected to different heat-treatment processes at different temperatures and times. Taguchi optimization technique (L16) has been applied to evaluate the influence of different process

Finite element analysis coupled with the continuum damage mechanics-based Kachanov–Rabotnov (KR) model has been carried out to describe the creep deformation and damage behaviour of 316LN austenitic stainless steel (SS) at 923 K under the uniaxial and multiaxial state of stress. Uniaxial creep experimental data have been used to optimize the material parameters of the KR model. The coupled differential

In this work, a Ti-modified austenitic stainless steel used in the core of fast reactors is subjected to large strain deformation. The steel is deformed to 200% effective strain through high-temperature torsional loading in temperature domain 1173–1473 K. Three strain rates, namely 0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1 and 1 s−1, are used for this deformation, so that the combined effect of deformation temperature and

In this study, the effect of base steel microstructure on the white layer was obtained by plasma nitriding and DLC coating investigated. For this purpose, sintered iron-based steel containing molybdenum (based Astaloy Mo) was used. The steel powders were formed by the hydraulic press and sintered in the NH3 atmosphere. After that, samples were cooled with two different cooling rates (0.5 and 3 °C/s)

In this article, some of the design aspects of mold tubes for continuous casting of steel have been discussed and analyzed. A coupled thermo-mechanical mathematical model based on finite element methods has been presented for computations of basic design parameters of a tubular mold. The basic parameters include tube length, inner wall taper, corner radius, etc. A simulation based on an industrial

In equal-channel angular pressing, it is necessary to repeat the process to achieve large strains. However, in non-equal-channel angular pressing (NECAP), the large strains can be achieved without repetition of the process. In this study, the effect of the NECAP on microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stress (RS) of widely used 6061 aluminum alloy sample was investigated. After the NECAP

The objective of this study was to find the effect of cooling rate on microstructure and hardness of steel ball. Steel samples of φ3 mm × 10 mm have been used under the different cooling experiments to study microstructure evolution. The microstructure is observed with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The transformation temperature is determined by dilatometric curves

The effect of MnS and its size on the heterogeneous nucleation and precipitation of Bismuth was investigated. The results show that bismuth segregates at grain boundaries and suppresses the growth of grains in steel without MnS inclusion. While in steel containing MnS inclusion, bismuth segregates at the MnS/substrate interfaces and MnS can act as an effective nucleus for the heterogeneous nucleation