Abstract The structural and vibration properties of the (√3 × √3)R30°–Cr adsorption structure on the Cu(111) surface and the Cu(111)–(√3 × √3)R30°–Cr two-dimensional alloy incorporated into the S – 1 substrate layer are studied using the tight binding approximation. Surface relaxation is discussed along with the dispersion of surface phonons and the local density of vibration states of adatoms and

Abstract The giant magnetoimpedance effect in a glass-coated Fe-based amorphous microwire annealed under stresses is theoretically studied. The magnetization distribution in a microwire is described within a model that takes into account the presence in the sample of two regions with different types of magnetic anisotropy. It is assumed that, in the central part of the microwire, the anisotropy is

Abstract New experimental data on the dynamic strength of the lead-antimony (2.77%) alloy comprised of different structures formed after thermal treatment in various regimes are presented in this work. The optimal alloy thermal treatment regime (quenching from 250°C) providing the best strength characteristics under explosion or high-speed impact is revealed.

Abstract— The development of modern computational techniques and equipment enables one to perform high-precision calculations of complex processes for industry, including metallurgy. This review has classified the basic physical and mathematical models of structure formation during heat and deformation treatment. The Kocks–Mecking–Estrin model describing the dislocation structure at the initial stage

Abstract The contribution of magnetoelastic effects to the effective magnetic anisotropy of a three-layer film nanodisk (nonmagnetic metal/ferromagnet/nonmagnetic metal) was studied. The mechanical stresses at the lateral surface of the disk that are caused by two factors, i.e., unequal thermal expansion of layers and excess surface energy at the layers interfaces, were estimated. The case in which

Abstract The chemical composition and microstructure of an AISI 321/Cu/Ta/Ti welded joint prepared by carbon dioxide laser is studied in this work. An analysis of the chemical composition showed that the Ta plate located between the Cu plate and Ti is the barrier for melting Ti in the welding pool. The welded joint consists of the Cu-based solid solution, austenite, and (Ta,Ti)(Fe,Cr)2 and (Ta,Ti)Сu3

Abstract A new version of the crystallographic theory of martensitic transformation has been developed, where instead of Bain deformation, the deformation of the lattice was performed by a shear along the twinning system of crystals and an additional change in dimensions in three mutually perpendicular directions. In the proposed variant, the angle of relaxation rotation of martensite crystal was about

Abstract The evolution of stacking faults (SF) during the mechanical activation (MA) of metals with a different energy of SF (γ): Co (7 mJ/m2), Cu (45 mJ/m2), Ni (125 mJ/m2),—was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis using (i) a complex for processing diffraction patterns and (ii) simulation of crystal diffraction patterns (DIFFaX). The study was performed to understand the connection of the evolution

Abstract Specificities of the theory of deformation interactions in polycrystalline alloys are discussed in this work. It is shown that, in the continuous approximation, these interactions are completely determined by the dilatation components of elastic and inelastic strain fields created by the systems of grain boundaries and the system of impurity atoms. Formulas and estimates for various types

Abstract The effect of pressure-assisted sintering and preliminary densification by hydrostatic pressure of commercial powder on the microstructure and superconducting properties of MgB2 ceramics is studied in this work. Various thermomechanical actions are shown to result in the formation of different structural defects, which can be considered probable centers of magnetic flux pinning.

Abstract— The structural state of iodide titanium after deformation by drawing at 77 K, which is the final stage of severe plastic deformation (SPD), has been analyzed and estimated in this work. The SPD has been implemented by a sequential combination of deformation techniques (compression-squirting-extrusion-drawing) that provide different stress epures. The temperature dependence of the logarithmic

Abstract— This study investigated the phase transformation kinetics of austenite in the heat-affected zone of the joints welded by laser-hybrid and submerged multi-arc welding. Optimum cooling rates to form favorable structural-phase composition in the heat-affected zone were found.

Abstract–The effect of impurities of iron and silicon on the phase composition and mechanical properties of the Al–6.3Cu–3.2Y wrought aluminum alloy is investigated in this work. According to the results of X-ray diffraction of the cast alloy, the presence of Al8Cu4Y, (Al,Cu)11Y, Al2Cu, and AlCu phases was confirmed, and the presence of peaks that likely correspond to the Al11Cu2Y2Si2 phase was noted

Abstract This paper presents a review of studies of superconductors with a porosity above 50%. The pores in such superconducting materials allow refrigerant penetration and provide efficient heat dissipation and stable operation. Methods for the synthesis of the main groups of porous superconductors are described. The results of studies of the structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties

Abstract The effect of anisotropy of elastic energy on the electron–phonon drag and thermoelectric phenomena in potassium crystals at low temperatures is investigated in this work. The standard theory of deformation potential is used for longitudinal components of elastic modes. The effect of shear waves on the drag thermoelectric power is taken into account. By comparing the results of calculating

Abstract Magnetic properties and high-frequency impedance of nanocrystalline Fe73.5Si16.5B6Nb3Cu1 ribbons are studied in a high-temperature range of 300 to 723 K. The exchange-coupled state of nanocrystallites was found to be destructed at a temperature of about 530 K, which is substantially lower than the Curie temperature of the amorphous phase that is close to 635 K. It was found that, at an ac

Abstract–The effect of heat treatment (HT) on the structural features, magnetic properties, and magnetic impedance of rapidly quenched Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 ribbons and doped ribbons, in which 10 wt % iron is replaced by either cobalt, nickel, or manganese, is studied in this paper. Cobalt ribbons as a result of HT at a constant temperature showed a significant increase in the value of maximum magnetic

Abstract The effect of liquid carburizing at a temperature of 780°C on the micromechanical characteristics of the corrosion-resistant chromium–nickel austenitic steel (in wt %: Cr, 16.80; Ni, 8.44) has been studied in this work. According to instrumented microindentation data, it has been established that carburizing leads to the superficial hardening of the studied steel. An average increase in the

Abstract The current–voltage characteristics (CVCs) of wide superconducting NbN films in magnetic fields up to 8 T are studied in this work. Linear portions that do not change the tilt angle in magnetic fields below the superconducting transition temperature have been found in the CVCs of such films. A model of viscous magnetic flux under conditions of rigid fixation of a part of the vortex system

Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry belongs to a group of rather unique study methods, which makes it possible to investigate in situ the regularities of structural and phase transitions in metallic alloys within a broad range of temperatures (from –100 to 1600°C) at a sufficiently high precision of registering the heat effects of phase transitions. Our paper reviews the results of DSC studies

Abstract— A model describing the formation of a strain-induced facet at a high-angle boundary during its interaction with a dislocation pile-up is proposed in this work. The model of continuous dislocation distribution in a pile-up has been used to analyze the conditions under which a facet appears and to calculate its length as a function of the total Burgers vector of the dislocation pile-up and

Abstract The effect of ultra-fast (induction) heating of a commercial Fe–3% Si alloy strip (grain oriented electrical steel) at a rate of ~100°С/s on the magnetic properties of finished product is studied in this work. This heating is accomplished after cold rolling followed by recrystallizing decarburizing annealing. It is shown that, in parallel with a reference sample, the ultra-fast heating leads

Abstract—This work is devoted to the investigation of the structure, electrical and magnetic properties of the Ni50Mn37Sn13 alloy in which the temperature of martensitic transformation is close to room temperature and virtually coincides with the Curie temperature of the austenite. The martensitic transformation in the Ni50Mn37Sn13 alloy is accompanied by the formation of modulated martensite. It is

Abstract—This paper examines manufacturability problems of a new Al–Ca–La–Mn alloy in the process of pressure treatment. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to perform a detailed study of the structure of the alloy in the cast state and after thermomechanical treatment under different conditions. The cast structure of the alloy is shown to consist of the Al-based solid solution

Abstract Segregation and grain boundary sliding were studied using atomistic modeling methods for special Σ5{013}〈100〉 and Σ5{012}〈100〉 grain boundaries in Al–3 at % Mg and Al–3 at % Ni alloys bicrystals. To reveal the mechanisms controlling the sliding processes, the energy of generalized grain boundary stacking faults (GB-SF) was determined in the plane of grain boundaries, the crystallography of

Abstract— The evolution of the structure and phase composition of the Al–Zn–Mg–Fe–Ni alloy (nikalin) during severe plastic deformation by high pressure torsion and annealing has been investigated using high-resolution TEM techniques. The deformation of the quenched alloy has been found to result in a submicron composite comprising an Al matrix and various fine aluminides. The severe structural refinement

Abstract—The present work surveys literature data related to the study of iron–rhodium-based (Fe–Rh) alloys. The crystal, magnetic, and electronic properties of the FeRh alloy and FeRh-based materials in the form of both bulk, thin-film, and nano-structured objects are considered. Peculiarities of the first-order antiferromagnet–ferromagnet transition are analyzed, and various explanations of its nature

Abstract This review article is devoted to studies of the structure and properties of Fe–Ga alloys that serve as functional materials with high magnetostriction. Particular attention is paid to diffraction methods that allow one both to monitor phase transformations in real time and identify phase structures and microheterogeneities in their structure. Based on the studies published in recent decades

Abstract— The effect of annealing conditions of the cold-rolled strip made of a new aluminum–magnesium alloy 1565ch, containing zinc and zirconium, on the evolution of the grain structure has been analyzed in this work. This material was recently developed by Russian scientists and has already been used in transport engineering, but has not yet been sufficiently studied. Recrystallization processes

Abstract Various types of magnetic ordering in two-sublattice magnetic materials with exchange interaction were studied using the method of random exchange interaction fields and the Ising model. The conditions for the magnetization of such systems were identified. Equations for the temperatures of phase transitions were derived.

Abstract— This work investigates the formation of an ordered Ti3Al phase (α2 phase) in Ti–Al alloys as a function of the time and aging temperature. High-temperature treatment performed in the single-phase α field and the subsequent aging at different temperatures have been shown to result in more intense precipitation and growth of disperse particles than that resulted from pretreatment in the β field

Abstract The kinetics of the growth of M23C6 carbide particles in 9% Cr martensitic steel with a high boron content is studied under conditions of long-term aging and creep. It is shown that the grain-boundary diffusion is a mechanism that controls the coarsening of these carbides during the aging. Deformation accelerates the coarsening of particles during creep, which can be explained by additional

Abstract An analytical method for determining the vertical asymmetric magnetization distribution in a two-dimensional Bloch domain wall (DW) is proposed in this work. An asymmetric two-dimensional magnetization distribution in a DW is obtained using simple analytical dependences with a minimum number of variable parameters. The structure and energy of the Bloch DW in permalloy-type magnetic films are

Abstract The properties of the Ti50Pd40Ni10 (at %) alloy showing the high-temperature shape memory effect are studied in detail using samples made of a 5.86 mm bar under various conditions of annealing and induced deformation. The data on the phase transformation temperatures and the mechanical and thermomechanical characteristics of the alloy are obtained. The range of phase transformations occurs

Abstract–A material based on the V2AlC MAX phase has been obtained for the first time by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) using a reaction mixture of vanadium oxide(V) and (IV) powders with aluminum and carbon (graphite). The obtained material was characterized by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Rietveld method was used to perform quantitative

Abstract A computer simulation of the structure and energy of 〈110〉 symmetric tilt boundaries has been performed for polycrystalline tungsten. Calculations have been made using an embedded atom potential implemented in the LAMMPS software. It has been shown that structure of the 〈110〉 symmetric tilt boundaries can consist of a limited number of structural elements. The energy and width of grain boundaries

Abstract It is shown using model calculations that Maxwell’s relation is exactly satisfied for ferromagnets with one species of magnetic atoms and for two-component ferromagnets and ferrimagnets. This allows one to confidently use this relation for calculating the main characteristics of the magnetocaloric effect in these cases. A conclusion is made that the proposed model of a ferrimagnet is self-consistent

Abstract Nanocrystalline Fe–Cr alloys synthesized from pure components in a planetary ball mill with a chromium content of 20–48 at % were annealed for 4 h at temperatures of Tan = 400–700°C. Short-range order (SRO) evolution and phase separation dependent on Tan were studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The precipitation of the σ-FeCr phase was observed only in the samples with

Abstract X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy are used to study the phase composition, texture, and peculiarities of the morphology of R–Fe–B (R = Nd, Pr, Dy) alloys prepared by strip-casting technology. Along with the traditional structural components of the alloys, namely, areas characterized by randomly oriented fine grains of the main magnetic phase

Abstract—This critical review considers the fundamental concept, methods of obtaining, stability, and properties of a new class of materials—high-entropy alloys and compounds. An analysis of factors that determine the structure and stability of multicomponent disordered solid solutions has been carried out. Particular attention has been given to results obtained since 2017. The concept of temperature

Abstract A method of universal thermomagnetic treatment forming a pairwise opposite exchange bias in spin valves, which are sensor elements of a Wheatstone bridge, has been developed. The method is based on the formation of two magnetic phases in a spin valve upon the transition of a synthetic antiferromagnet into a spin-flop state. Thermomagnetic treatment in a two-phase state leads to the formation

Abstract The inhomogeneous magnetic state arising from isothermal aging of the rapidly quenched U–6Nb alloy (6.3 wt % or 14 at % niobium) was studied for the first time using nuclear magnetic resonance of the 93Nb nucleus. In the process of phase transformation during isothermal annealing at Тan = 500°C, the fraction of niobium atoms in the bulk of the alloy increases in regions with a magnetic susceptibility

Abstract This work has determined the peculiarities of structure and phase transformations at various initial temperatures (–129…548°С) and high deformation rates (448–530 m/s) of shock-wave loading in the austenitic nitrogen-containing steel KH20N6G11M2AFB (0.4N–20Сr–6Ni–11Mn–2Mo–V–Nb). The cyclic γ → ε → γ transformation is observed in the course of shock-wave loading at 20–203°С, which causes the

Abstract— The effect of the new combined rolling–pressing technique of plastic deformation on the structure and mechanical properties of copper has been investigated in this work. The deformation was performed at room temperature and there were three cycles. Rolling–pressing technique was shown to significantly refine the structure of the commercial-purity copper. The strength of the copper workpieces

Abstract The article discusses changes in the structure of Al–Mg–Si cast alloys after their additional alloying with lithium. To predict and explain the phase transformations in the studied alloys, phase diagrams were calculated using Thermo-Calc software. Thermo-Calc results are in good agreement with microstructure analysis. The morphology and chemical composition of the intermetallic phases were

Abstract— This work studies the structure and texture evolution in the 03Kh19N10 corrosion-resistant metastable austenitic steel (0.05C–18.2Cr–8.8Ni–1.65Mn–0.43Si–0.05P–0.04S wt %, and Fe for balance) during cold rolling, which results in twinning and martensitic transformation. The strain-induced martensite nucleates heterogeneously in the microshear bands and at their intersections. The fraction

Abstract—The review presents the original experimental data on the structure formation and properties of titanium, aluminum, copper, and their alloys upon intense deformation and shock-wave conditions. The main volume of the article is devoted to the production of the submicrocrystalline and nanocrystalline non-ferrous metals and alloys by dynamic channel-angular pressing. The optimal regimes of DCAP

Abstract Tribological tests of a hybrid composite (Al–12Si)–40Sn prepared by sintering mixtures of powders of silumin and pure tin were carried out using the pin-on-disk scheme. It has been established that an increase in the sliding velocity decreases the wear intensity of the composite upon dry friction, while an increase of the load leads to the opposite result. The data obtained indicate that the

Abstract A thermodynamic approach to the description of single- and multistage crystallization of iron- and aluminum-based amorphous alloys is suggested in this work. The adequacy of theoretical calculation of the volume fraction of the crystalline phase to experimental data is demonstrated for the case of precipitation of one or several phases in disordered systems. The parameters of the model depend

Abstract The structure and texture in recrystallized sheets of nonoriented electrical steel rolled according to different modes have been studied in this work. It has been shown that a decrease in the degree of deformation upon the final rolling leads to an increase in the ratio of the volume fractions of orientations that are favorable and unfavorable for the formation of optimal magnetic properties

Abstract A model of the final stage of nonstationary swelling has been developed to predict the residual life of fast neutron fuel elements by the criterion of achieving a swelling of 15%. A criterion for achieving this stage is formulated, using the shape of the histogram of the void size distribution. A set of characteristics of radiation porosity, sufficient for a quantitative description of the

Abstract Spin valves comprising a synthetic antiferromagnet and a CoFe/Dy/CoFe structure in the pinned layer were prepared by magnetron sputtering. It is shown that the Dy layer is characterized by crystallites, the [0002] direction of which is perpendicular to the film plane; a part of nanostructure, in which the spin-dependent electron scattering occurs, is characterized by smooth interfaces. Variations

Abstract The electronic structure of the Mn2CrAl Heusler alloy is calculated and its optical properties are studied in this work. The anomalous behavior of the optical properties of the alloy in the IR region of spectrum, namely, the absence of the contribution of intraband absorption and the low level of interband absorption, were found. Such peculiarities of the optical spectrum indicate the existence

Abstract Dynamic recrystallization (DR) of austenite of a medium-carbon steel microalloyed with titanium, niobium, vanadium, and boron has been studied in the course of deformation treatment in the temperature range of 850–1180°C using strain rates of 1–100 s–1. It has been established that the threshold deformation corresponding to the onset of the DR increases in a regular way with increasing strain

Abstract The influence of boron on the structure and on the mechanical and tribological properties of protective coatings of the Cr–Al–Ti–N alloys obtained by magnetron sputtering in a closed unbalanced magnetic field using segmented planar ceramic SHS targets has been studied. The obtained coatings were examined using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray

Abstract The influence of the temperature, applied stress, degree of creep deformation, and aging time on the formation of Z-phase (CrVN) particles in 9% Cr 10Kh9K3V2MFBR martensitic steel at temperatures of 650 and 675°С upon long aging is studied in this work. The particles with a chemical composition determined by energy dispersive spectrometry as 50% (Cr + Fe) and 50% (V + Nb) are detected and

Abstract The structure and the mechanical and electrical properties of composites with 7 and 49 magnesium fibers in the copper matrix are studied in this work. It was found that the strength of a deformed composite wire with the maximum volume fraction of Cu/Mg interfaces exceeds the theoretical estimate and the strength of pure copper. It is shown that deformation-induced formation of high-strength

Abstract Hysteresis of the electric polarization of a two-layer exchange-coupled ferromagnetic film whose layers have the easy-plane and easy-axis anisotropy upon magnetization reversal is studied numerically. The magnetization reversal was carried out by a magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane from the saturation state along the easy magnetization axis. The dependences of the average electric

Abstract The microstructural changes on the surface of the samples of a binary brass and of brasses alloyed with iron and manganese or aluminum, taken place in the process of superplastic deformation at 550°C at a constant strain rate of 1 × 10–3 s–1 have been analyzed in this work. The contributions of the intergranular and intragranular deformation to the total elongation have been determined. It

Abstract The anticommutative Green’s functions and energy spectra of fullerene С28 and endohedral fullerene Zr@C28 with symmetry groups Td were obtained in the analytical form within the Hubbard model in the mean-field approximation. Group theory methods were used to categorize energy states and identify nonforbidden transitions in the energy spectra of С28 and Zr@C28 molecules with symmetry groups