The effect of the partial substitution of M = Ti, V, Cr, Zr, and Nb for Fe in the Pr2Fe17 and Tm2Fe17 alloys on their structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties have been studied using magnetic measurements, X-ray, and neutron diffraction. The character of substitution of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, and Nb atoms for Fe atoms, along with the differences in atomic radii of these elements, substantially affects

Abstract This work provides a review of the existing micromagnetic models of the interaction of magnetization structures with inhomogeneities with different magnetic properties and geometries. Most attention is paid to models of the interaction of domain walls with defects in thin magnetic films. This work also gives a brief overview of studies of magnetic structures associated with inhomogeneities

Abstract The structure and magnetization dynamics are investigated in a vortex spin-transfer nanooscillator, which is a three-layer spin-valve magnetic nanocolumn with a large diameter of 400 nm, under flowing spin-polarized current through it. The dynamic variation in the structure of vortices and their trajectory of motion are studied, using micromagnetic modeling, as a function of the value of the

Abstract Using electron microscopy methods, the mechanism and kinetics of the evolution of the microstructure and phase composition of the surface diffusion zone of a cast heat–resistant alloy of the Fe–25Cr–35Ni system have been studied under conditions of long–term high–temperature exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere. The chemical compositions of the phases continuously change during alloy oxidation

Abstract The effect of the number and thickness of permalloy layers and the thickness and material of interlayers on the value of magnetic impedance (MI) effect of multilayer film structures is theoretically analyzed in this work. The distributions of electromagnetic fields over the thickness of the film structure and MI are obtained on the basis of the joint solution of the Maxwell equations and the

Abstract The domain structures in the Co(0001) film with a thickness of 200 nm containing Bloch lines are studied in this work using the 3D micromagnetic modeling method. It is shown that Bloch lines include Bloch points in the cases when the domain walls are vortex-like. The transformation processes of domain structures containing Bloch lines are considered in the course of the film magnetization

Abstract A material based on a (VCr)2AlC solid solution has been obtained for the first time by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from a powder reaction mixture of vanadium(V) and chromium(III) oxides with aluminum and carbon (graphite). The synthesized material has been studied by X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses. It has been shown that the product also contains vanadium and

Abstract The interaction of electromagnetic waves with a spherical metallic nanoparticle is studied in this work. Within the model of an infinite spherical potential well, taking into account the size dependence of the Fermi energy, a formula for the dielectric tensor is obtained and its diagonal components are calculated. The calculation results demonstrate a strong size and frequency dependencies

Abstract The effect of 15-keV Ar+ ions on the structure of austenitic chromium-nickel steel in the 3.1 × 1017–7.5 × 1017 cm–2 fluence range has been investigated in this work. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates a nonmonotonous change in the lattice parameter and the level of microstresses in some crystallographic directions with increasing fluence. The anisotropy appearance of these stresses gradually

Abstract Nanopowders of the binary system of immiscible components Fe and Cu are synthesized by gas condensation of metal vapors. The structure and magnetic properties of nanopowders of various compositions are investigated, and their Mössbauer spectra are analyzed. It is shown that the method allows one to obtain nonequilibrium Fe(Cu) and Cu(Fe) solid solutions, in which the concentration of dissolved

Abstract The effect of thermal regimes and some technological methods (the application of intermediate compact metal inserts and nanomodifying additives) on the quality of laser-welded permanent joints of porous titanium or stainless steel plates has been experimentally studied in this work. It has been established that the formation of a high-quality defectless seam requires the use of an intermediate

Abstract In the present work, the melt structure was affected by controlling the important factors of the melt holding time and cooling rate. The microstructure of the Mg66Zn30Gd4 alloys prepared with different melt holding time and cooling rate was observed. It was found that the symmetrical rod phase had the highest volume fraction when the melt holding time was 40 minutes. With the increase of cooling

Abstract A large number of factors have an effect on the features and conditions of bainitic (intermediate) transformations in titanium alloys, namely: the type of phase diagram, the position of the eutectoid temperature, the eutectoid composition, the temperature of the start of martensitic transformation, and the rate of diffusion processes. This review provides a detailed analysis of the changes

Abstrac t—The effect of ultraviolet (UV) laser radiation on the structure and adhesion properties of materials such as chromated bronze, stainless refractory austenitic chromium-nickel steels, and copper, has been experimentally studied. It has been shown that the surface microstructuring of elements of a diffusion-bonded joint improves its mechanical properties as to its tensile strength and tensile

Abstract The ability of cobalt to take, depending on the temperature, pressure, and doping, various charge and spin states in oxide compounds periodically becomes the topic of scientific controversy and is a frequent cause of ambiguity in the interpretation of experimental results. In this review, we will discuss cobaltites, i.e., oxide compounds of cobalt, in which cobalt is in an oxidation state

Abstract Using asymptotic methods in the theory of differential equations, an analytical approximate solution to the problem of diffusion of interstitial atoms in a restricted medium under the condition of a constant temperature gradient is obtained. As follows from the analysis, this solution is applicable to plate samples undergoing thermal and ionic modification of one of the surfaces, whose thickness

Abstract The magnetic properties of the [Tb–Co/Si]n films are studied at temperatures of 5–300 K. The regularities of changing the effective magnetic moment of terbium and the average magnetic moment of cobalt with decreasing magnetic layer thickness are determined. In this case, interlayer interfaces are shown to play the active role. A decrease in the Tb–Co layer thickness is accompanied by an increase

Abstract The effects of rolling with different reductions at room temperature, a temperature of 300°C, and the temperature of boiling of liquid nitrogen on the surface structure of the Zr62.5Cu22.5Fe5Al10 alloy on the evolution of shear bands and microhardness of this alloy have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray structural analysis methods

Abstract The effect of small additions of erbium and zirconium on the microstructure, phase composition, kinetics of hardening during aging and softening during annealing after rolling of the Al–5Si–1.3Cu–0.5Mg alloy has been studied in this work. Erbium and zirconium form a phase of crystallization origin with aluminum, silicon, copper, and magnesium, which does not dissolve and does not change its

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis are used to study the structure, phase composition, and deformation behavior of a titanium Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al alloy with different carbon contents. It is shown that as the carbon content in the alloy increases to the maximum carbon solubility, the dispersity of the secondary α-phase increases and, therefore, the strength of

Abstract The role of shear waves and the effect of phonon focusing on the anisotropy of the thermopower of the electron–phonon drag in single-crystal potassium nanowires at low temperatures are analyzed in this work. The deformation potential theory is used for the longitudinal components of elastic modes. For the shear components of vibrational modes, the electron–phonon interaction constant is used

Abstract The microstructure of double-sided welded joints of 3D-printed items made of titanium alloy Ti‒6Al–4V by the electron-beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) method has been investigated using the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, optical metallography, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that columnar epitaxial growth of primary β grains with transverse dimensions

Abstract The way in which martensitic transformation in iron alloys in high pulsed magnetic field can proceed via two different routes is explained. The first route corresponds to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation and can be considered “typical structural phase transition”. The second route is governed by the redistribution of the exchange-interaction forces between electrons in the fcc-lattice phase

Abstract The effect of heat treatments (HTs) in a sulfur atmosphere of a rapidly quenched soft magnetic 71KNSR (Co72Ni12.2Fe5.7Si6.5B3.6) alloy on its magnetic properties is studied in this work. The alloy under study is subjected to HTs at temperatures above and below its Curie temperature. It is shown that the magnetic properties are improved in both cases. It is likely that the improvement is traceable

Abstract The purity of hydrogen, which is an alternative energy carrier in powder sources of distributed energy resource systems and, in particular, is the feed stock for fuel cells, should be no less than 99.9999 vol % purity High-purity hydrogen can be prepared only via its separation as a result of selective diffusion through metallic membranes manufactured from specific membrane palladium-based

Abstract— The effect of the temperature of plastic deformation performed by equal channel angular pressing on the structure and physical and mechanical properties of the age-hardenable Cu–Cr–Zr alloy has been studied. Plastic deformation results in the formation of an ultrafine-grained structure in some regions with an average grain size smaller than 1 µm, a supersaturated solid solution decomposition

Abstract To create the windings of the magnetic system of the Future Circular Collider, it is necessary to modernize the Nb3Sn-based composite superconductors obtained by the method of internal tin sources, which also involves an increase in the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the matrix copper as determined using the residual resistance ratio (RRR) parameter (the ratio of the values

Abstract In the dynamic theory of martensitic transformations, temperature Ms of the start of transformation corresponds to conditions that are optimal for generating waves by nonequilibrium d electrons that control the growth of a martensitic crystal. The recognition of relative damping \({{\Gamma}}_{{\text{e}}}^{'}\) of s electrons plays a substantial role in this case. A general analysis that has

Abstract— Features of 3D printing, including laser melting of metal powders, were considered in this work. The effect of laser operation mode on the structure, residual stresses, and properties of manufactured metals was reviewed. A method for choosing process parameters using single tracks as universal for all types of metal laser 3D printers was proposed. Structural characteristics and medical requirements

Abstract The evolution of secondary phase particles in the process of equal-channel angular pressing and subsequent annealing of a Cu–0.6Cr–0.1Zr alloy with an extremely low concentration of solid solution has been analyzed by analytical modeling methods. It is shown (i) that the experimentally observed drop in the electrical conductivity of the alloy during deformation is possible under the condition

Abstract Based on our earlier hypothesis of weak nonlocality, we developed a method for calculating the temperature dependences of the width and specific energy of the interphase boundary for binary substitutional alloys, using the concentration dependence of the internal energy or the equilibrium phase diagram of the alloy. Numerically calculated temperature dependences of the solubility limits, specific

Abstract— The effect of equal-channel angular pressing on the structure, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the Al–5% Mg–1% Ca–0.9% Mn–0.5% Fe–0.1% Zr alloy has been studied. Samples in the annealed state have been subjected to ECAP under the following conditions: by route BC, at a temperature of 400°C, an angle of channel intersection of 110°, and the number of passes of N = 8. ECAP results

Abstract A detailed study of microstructure and microhardness distribution at clad-to-substrate interlayer dilution zone as well as elemental profiling were carried out for individual laser clads. Tungsten carbide (44 712-10) and nickel alloy (1560) powders were used for individual clad synthesis at the surface of low alloy steel by coaxial laser cladding technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Abstract An Al coating was fabricated on S355 structural steel using a cold spraying. The morphologies, chemical composition and phases of obtained coating were analyzed using a field emission scanning electronic microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The cold sprayed Al coating was conducted to simulate the friction-wear behavior in 3.5%

Abstract In the current study, microstructure and interfacial analysis of Al–Si–Cu/Al2O3 composite were investigated. Alumina was added in different fractions to study their effect on the microstructure. The distribution of the particles inside the Al–Si–Cu matrix and the reactions at the interface were developed using optical, SEM, XRD and EDS. The microstructures of the composites revealed a uniform

Abstract Mixed powders of Al plus 4 wt % Cu were processed compacting by two different methods which were i) equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and ii) conventional powder metallurgy (P/M). All specimens were sintered at 600°C for 2 hours under inert argon (Ar) gas atmosphere. These sintered materials were solution treated for 4 and 8 hours at 550°C and then they were quenched to room temperature

Abstract In this paper, the interaction between the microstructure and the texture evolution and the flow behavior of polycrystalline Nickel 200 is studied. Particularly, the effect of the initial orientation and the texture evolution during the uniaxial compressive deformation process is examined. From the experimental investigations, an attempt is made to model the flow behavior of the polycrystalline

Abstract As magnesium and its alloys are almost 35% lighter than aluminum alloys, they are ideal candidates for automotive and aerospace industries. In this research, multipass friction stir processing (FSP) was used to produce Mg-based surface nanocomposite with SiO2 particles. Microstructure features such as grain size and particle distribution were investigated. The reactions between magnesium and

Abstract The effects of cooling rate on the microstructure and phase transformation mechanism of TC4 alloy during the continuous cooling of β phase region were studied by non-isothermal expansion method combined with microstructure observation. The phase transformation feature points at different cooling rates were obtained by the expansion curve and its first derivative curve. The characteristics

Abstract The flame sprayed aluminum coatings are widely used in the marine industries due to considerable corrosion resistance, but their tribological weakness is a drawback. In this study, Al and Al–(5–10 and 15%)TiO2 composites were flame sprayed on carbon steel to combine corrosion and wear resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to

Abstract The microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and corrosion properties of Al–Mg–Si alloy during nonisothermal aging (NIA) were studied. The results show that as the aging time increases, the hardness, electric conductivity and the intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance of the alloy increase, which relates to changes of microstructures. GP zones are primary formed in the initial heating

Abstract In this paper, the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of pearlite steel wires produced using different processes were investigated by mechanical testing and electron microscopy techniques including combining SEM, TEM and XRD to reveal the evolution of the microstructure and properties of 2000 MPa bridge cable steel. The experiments were carried out under industrial conditions

Abstract Particle dissolution and recrystallization progress of Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloy during solution treatment at 555°C was studied by microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity characterization, and analytical calculation in the present study. The results show that recrystallization and dissolution could occur concurrently during solution treatment, and the solution time has an appreciable

Abstract Ti–6Al–4V alloy was borided by using a two-stage boriding process. In the first stage, boron atoms accumulated on Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples via electron beam evaporation technique. The second stage included annealing of samples after boron deposition at various temperatures in order to achieve boride layer with high hardness and adherence. After the boriding treatment, phases formed on the surface

Abstract Ni–33Al–34Cr and Ni–33Al–28Cr–6Mo (at %) eutectic alloys were produced by the resistive sintering (RS) technique using elemental powders. The cycle oxidation behaviors of alloys at 800, 900, and 1000°C for 168 h in air atmosphere were investigated. The oxidation resistance of alloys was evaluated by the weight change measurements. The activation energy for NiAl–34Cr and NiAl–28Cr–6Mo alloys

Abstract Using high-vacuum magnetron sputtering, epitaxial Dy films were synthesized on Nb and Ta buffer layers on single-crystal Al2O3 substrates with different crystallographic orientations. It was established that the epitaxial relationships [11\(\bar {2}\)0]Al2O3|| [011]Nb(Ta) and [1\(\bar {1}\)02]Al2O3||[011]Nb(Ta) are satisfied with growing a Nb(Ta) buffer layer on single-crystal sapphire substrates

Abstract The microwave properties of magnetic metallic nanostructures with a giant magnetoresistive effect are studied in this work. The microwave refractive index is calculated; it is shown that its changes have two physical causes: the high-frequency giant magnetoresistive effect and the ferromagnetic resonance.

Abstract The effect of the annealing temperature on the specific electrical resistance, hardness, and structure of Al–Cu–Mn alloys containing 2 wt % Mn and up to 3 wt % Cu in the as-cast and cold-rolled states has been studied using experimental and computational methods. It has been demonstrated that the best complex of mechanical properties is attained in the cold-rolled sheets containing 2–3 wt

Abstract Using high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods, the morphological and size characteristics of the structural components of the composites synthesized on the basis of aluminum with a graphene microadditive in a commercial aluminum melt under a layer of molten salt are studied. An experiment on the dynamic compression of a composite by the Kolsky method was performed

Abstract The wear-resistant coatings formed by the vacuum ion-plasma codeposition of titanium and carbon have been studied in this work. Single-layer and multilayer coatings with the systematically repeated [(Ti1 – xCx/a-C] pair are deposited onto P8M5 and 18KhN10T steel substrates. The highest erosion resistance is inherent in the multilayer [Ti0.2C0.8/a-C]40 coating with a layer thickness of 25 nm

Abstract— The evolution of structure of a multicore in situ Cu-18Nb composite under high-pressure torsion (HPT) by one, three, and five anvil revolutions was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and microhardness measurements. Thermal stability of the HPT deformed structure was studied after annealings in the 300–800°C temperature range. The combined use of repeated cold drawing

Abstract An analysis of mechanical properties has been performed for 12% Cr and 9% Cr steels by means of tension tests at 20 and 650°C and yield tests at 650°C and applied stresses of 200–100 MPa with a step of 20 MPa. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the 12% Cr steel are, correspondingly, 614 and 710 MPa at 20°С and 365 and 390 MPa at 650°C. At both temperatures, the strength properties

Abstract—Scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction analyses, and durometry are used to study changes in the structure, phase composition, and hardness of a quenched titanium Ti‒10V–2Fe–3Al alloy in the course of aging at 500°С for 2–32 h. A complex analysis of changes in the lattice parameters of the primary and secondary α phases formed in the alloy during aging has been

Abstract The penetration of decimeter, centimeter, and millimeter electromagnetic waves through magnetic metallic nanostructures is considered in this work. Detailed information on the microwave giant magnetoresistive effect is presented. The manifestations of ferromagnetic and spin-wave resonances upon the transmission of microwaves through nanostructures are considered.

Abstract—The magnetoresistive characteristics of magnetic metallic Fe/Cr and Co90Fe10/Cu superlattices subjected to irradiation with accelerated Аr+ ion beams with an energy of 10 keV at the fluences F = 1013–1016 cm–2 are studied in this work. It was found that, at F ≤ 6 × 1014 cm–2, the studied superlattices retain their functional characteristics. Causes for a decrease in the magnetoresistance of

Abstract— The effect of manganese on the microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the heat-strengthened deformed Al–5.5Cu–2.0Y–0.3Zr alloy has been studied in this work. The structure of the cast alloy was shown to contain a quaternary phase enriched in copper, manganese, and yttrium with a Cu/Mn/Y ratio of 4/2/1, which corresponds to the chemical compound Al25Cu4Mn2Y. The maximum

Abstract—The deformation behavior and structure of 16.5Cr–18.8Mn–0.53N–0.07C steel deformed by tension in the temperature range from –196 to + 20°С have been investigated. A stage with a constant strain-hardening rate has been shown to be present in the temperature range –65 < t ≤ 20°C, which at –65 < t < 0°C is periodically interrupted by the parabolic hardening stage. Multiple strain localization

Abstract—The enthalpies of formation of γ- and δ-modifications of the TiCu phase were estimated using the density-functional method. The enthalpies of formation are –22 and –12.8 kJ/mol for the γ- and δ-TiCu, respectively. The comparison of X-ray data and quantum-chemical calculations demonstrates that the discrepancy in the experimental values of enthalpy of formation of the TiCu crystals correlates

Abstract The structural and vibration properties of the (√3 × √3)R30°–Cr adsorption structure on the Cu(111) surface and the Cu(111)–(√3 × √3)R30°–Cr two-dimensional alloy incorporated into the S – 1 substrate layer are studied using the tight binding approximation. Surface relaxation is discussed along with the dispersion of surface phonons and the local density of vibration states of adatoms and

Abstract The giant magnetoimpedance effect in a glass-coated Fe-based amorphous microwire annealed under stresses is theoretically studied. The magnetization distribution in a microwire is described within a model that takes into account the presence in the sample of two regions with different types of magnetic anisotropy. It is assumed that, in the central part of the microwire, the anisotropy is