Abstract The domestic achievements and research results in the field of the creation of low-carbon, cold-resistant, weldable steels supplied in the form of sheet metal for the shipbuilding industry—in particular, for use in the construction of icebreaker hulls, tankers, gas carriers, ice navigation vessels, and offshore stationary platforms—are reviewed. The requirements of the Russian Maritime Shipping

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy has been used to study recrystallization processes during the annealing (to 16 h) of nickel with cellular, mixed, and submicrocrystalline structures formed by high-pressure torsion deformation. Annealing in a temperature range of 200–350°C failed to produce a recrystallized structure with an average grain size of smaller than 1 μm. The smallest recrystallized grain

Abstract An ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure of equiaxed and fiber types in the low-carbon structural steel 05G2MFBT (Fe–2Mn–Mo–V–Nb–Ti) has been formed with various techniques of deformation-heat treatment. This steel with a UFG structure has been found to exhibit higher strength properties. Different deformation techniques have been shown to produce either a fibrous or an equiaxed UFG structure

Abstract The effect of the mechanical milling of Sm2Fe17N3 nitride in a vibratory mill, in particular, the effect of the powder-to-ball mass ratio (m), milling time (tmill), milling medium, and concentration of added surfactants, has been systematically studied in order to determine optimum parameters for the high level of hysteresis properties of the magnetically anisotropic powder. It is shown that

Abstract The products of the mechanochemical reduction of iron oxide with aluminum have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It is shown that the products of the mechanochemical reaction at a stoichiometric ratio of iron oxide and aluminum contain iron, α‑Al2O3, and a large amount of spinel (hercynite), which slightly decreases with an increase in

Abstract The high-rate convergence of copper cylindrical shells with a diameter of 48 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm is studied at various intensities of explosive loading. Two structural mechanisms of the loss of stability of the radial deformation front are described. A diagram of structural changes reflecting the successive stages of the convergence process is presented. An interrelation is found

Abstract The effect of zirconium and erbium additives on the structure and mechanical properties of the cast alloy Al–5Si–1.3Cu–0.5Mg after the quenching and aging of an ingot and of a deformed sheet has been studied. An increase in the zirconium and erbium content from 0.15 to 0.2 wt % each leads to a substantial modification effect comparable to that via modification with the master alloy AlTi5B1

Abstract In the alloy Fe63.5Ni10Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9, which is conventional FINEMET with Fe replaced by 10 at % Ni, the effects of the temperature and time of nanocrystallizing annealing in the presence of tensile stresses (stress annealing, SA) on the magnetic properties, magnetic anisotropy, and structure are considered. In the entire studied SA temperature range (480–550°С), induced magnetic anisotropy

Abstract Some features of the magnetization reversal of Fe–3% Si sheet electrotechnical steel with different degrees of texturing have been studied. It was revealed that stripe samples, even with the very sharp edge texture {110}〈001〉 have a nonuniform magnetic permeability along the length of the stripe. It is established that this nonuniformity is due to the different sizes of crystallites and different

Abstract The dependence of the Neel temperature on the thickness of the dysprosium layer has been studied. It is shown that the temperature range within which the paramagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition takes place depends on the microstructure and thickness of the dysprosium layer. Spin valves based on a CoFe alloy with dysprosium as an antiferromagnetic layer are manufactured via magnetron

Abstract The Wang–Landau algorithm of the Monte Carlo method is used to study the magnetic structures of the ground state, phase transitions, and thermodynamic properties of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Potts model with number q = 4 of spin states in a hexagonal lattice with the interactions of the nearest (J1) and next-to-nearest (J2) neighbors. The exchange interaction ratios in the range

Abstract Additive Manufacturing is one of the revolutionizing technologies of modern manufacturing industry. This technology has time and again proved that any material can be fabricated by it if the right parameters are employed. Other technologies such as powder metallurgy are also dominating the manufacturing industries owing to its potential flexibility in manufacturing complex shapes. In this

Abstract The electronic structure and optical properties of intermetallic compounds GdTi0.05MnxFe0.95 – xSi (x = 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.95) have been investigated in this work. Spin-polarized densities of electronic states and optical conductivity spectra have been calculated by the DFT + U method, taking strong electron correlations in the 4f shell of Gd into account. The optical properties of these materials

Abstract The role of size effects in the formation of the magnetic structure of Dy and Ho thin films in absence of epitaxial strain is studied in this work. It was found that, for Dy in the temperature range between the Néel temperature and the Curie temperature of bulk Dy and, for Ho, in the temperature range between the Néel temperature and the temperature of phase transition into the conic phase

Abstract A novel repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) die geometry was evaluated in terms of its mechanical properties and microstructural modifications. An annealed 3003 aluminum alloy sheet was processed up to 6 RCS passes at room temperature, showing a significant improvement in yield strength and hardness. Changes in surface profile values were obtained along different stages of the repetitive

Abstract To understand the effects of doping elements on the formation and structure of Сu-enriched precipitates, different stages of Fe–Cu–Ni–Al alloy decomposition are studied using the combined MC + MD approach, which includes the Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It is shown that the surface of the precipitates enriches in the doping elements at early stages of the decomposition

Abstract Systematic data on the structural state and magnetic properties of films belonging to the binary Dy100 – xCox system have been measured within broad ranges of compositions (0 ≤ x < 85), temperatures (5‒300 K), and magnetic fields (0–70 kOe). It was found that in the absence of magnetic moment on Co atoms (x ≤ 50), the films are in an asperomagnetic state, in which a considerable and nonmonotonical

Abstract This review is devoted to various experimental and theoretical studies of the magnetic and transport properties of type-II superconductors. The main interest is in the study of the behavior of the vortex system, its dynamics, and interaction with pinning centers: defects. Two widely used methods of numerical simulation of a vortex system are considered here: Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics

Abstract The microstructure and mechanical properties of chromium–nickel austenitic stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting using a Realizer SLM100 3D printer have been investigated in this work. The structure of the studied specimens has been formed by the complete melting of the initial powder and high-speed cooling of the melt. Cooling of the melt initially leads to the formation of

Abstract Dielectric and magnetic properties of the Nd2 – xCexCuO4 + δ bulk single crystal with x = 0.1 are studied in this work. The anisotropy of the field and temperature dependences of the specific magnetization is found. The value of specific magnetization measured in the magnetic field applied in parallel to CuO2 planes is higher than that measured in the magnetic field applied perpendicular to

Abstract The Heisenberg model for an isotropic magnet is considered in this work. A substitution that reduces the corresponding equations to equations with a simpler geometric interpretation is applied. One of the solutions of the latter describes a new magnetic structure comprised of two straight intersecting vortex filaments, which change the topological charge after intersection.

Abstract X-ray diffraction analysis is used to study the mechanochemical formation of a solid solution in the Cu–10 wt % Al system. The formation of the solid solution is shown to occur via the formation of the CuAl2 and Cu9Al4 intermetallic compounds, which, in the course of mechanical activation, react with residual copper to form the Cu(Al), solid solution of aluminum in copper. Under the conditions

Abstract Derivation and analysis of equations for magnetization dynamics of a dilute magnetic composite obtained by introducing ferromagnetic ions into a paramagnetic conductive matrix are presented in this work. Impurity ions are bound with each other by indirect exchange interaction and, with the matrix, by dipole interaction. The system is placed in a uniform dc magnetic field. The conditions for

Abstract A (Fe83.4Ga16.6)99.9(NbC)0.1 alloy was used to investigate the effect of thermomechanical treatment on the texture formation and magnetostriction. The main idea was to develop the Goss and cube texture after rolling and primary recrystallization, without secondary one, in order to enhance the magnetostriction strain. Rolling at elevated temperature was used to produce thin sheets; total degree

Abstract X-ray diffraction analysis with synchrotron radiation and scanning electron microscopy are used to perform a complex study of the structural and phase states of a hydrogenated palladium-based membrane alloy. Fluctuations of the phase composition of alloy are considered after the introduction of hydrogen into the metallic system. Areas of the hydride (β) phase and diluted hydrogen solid solution

Abstract Electron microscopic studies have been performed to investigate carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides precipitated in chromium-nickel austenitic steels, which have been alloyed with nitrogen, silicon, boron, and rare-earth metals (REM) in different concentrations, and affecting the intergranular corrosion in these steels in highly-oxidizing environments. The intergranular corrosion has been

Abstract This paper presents a comparative analysis of the mixture models used in radio physics to describe the effective properties of composite materials and formulates the limits of their applicability and criteria for checking their correctness. Two of the most general models have been chosen, which take into account the transformation of the composite structure upon changes in its composition

Abstract Based on the solution of Boltzmann kinetic equation, an approximate expression is obtained for the distribution function describing a nonstationary energy distribution of a cascade of moving atoms. The development of the cascade is considered in materials consisting of identical atoms with allowance for the bond energy of atoms in the lattice (εd). It is assumed that the scattering of moving

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility of the V3Si vanadium silicide synthesized from high-purity starting materials is measured in a 20−300 К temperature range. The dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of single-crystal on its orientation relative to the magnetic field is studied at room temperature, and the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility is found. Anomalies of different properties,

Abstract The transmission of electromagnetic waves through the samples of the composite material containing Fe–Si–Nb–Cu–B alloy particles with a size of up to 50 µm was studied. The dependences of the transmission and reflection ratio on the magnetic field were measured at frequencies from 12 to 38 GHz. The dependence of the effective magnetic permeability on the magnetic field was determined, and

Abstract In the fabrication of light weight structural materials, the as-cast ZK60 magnesium alloy plays a vital role in the replacement of aluminum alloy. As the wear and friction properties are poor for magnesium alloys, it is very much essential to adopt surface engineering to enhance these properties. Friction stir processing is one of the promising thermo-mechanical processing techniques that

Abstract The aging hardening and evolution of precipitation phase of 7136 aluminum alloy during aging treatment were investigated. The research revealed that hardness of 7136 aluminum alloy firstly increases and then slightly decreases with increasing aging time, and reaches maximum values, which are about 198 HB when aging for 24 h. In addition, the dissolution peak of GP zones shifts towards high

Abstract The anticommutative Green’s functions were derived in an analytical form, and the energy spectra of С26 fullerene and endohedral U@C26 fullerene of symmetry group D3h were obtained within the Hubbard model in the mean-field approximation. Using group theory methods, the classification of energy states was carried out, and the allowed transitions in the energy spectra of С26 and U@C26 molecules

Abstract Orientation microscopy (EBSD) has been used to investigate the structure of austenitic stainless steel containing 18% Cr and 9 wt % Ni after its long-term operation at high temperatures and neutron irradiation. The γ → α shear transformation has been implemented partially in the samples during deformation-free cutting. Austenite has decomposed due to isotropic stresses oriented normally to

The effect of the partial substitution of M = Ti, V, Cr, Zr, and Nb for Fe in the Pr2Fe17 and Tm2Fe17 alloys on their structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties have been studied using magnetic measurements, X-ray, and neutron diffraction. The character of substitution of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, and Nb atoms for Fe atoms, along with the differences in atomic radii of these elements, substantially affects

Abstract This work provides a review of the existing micromagnetic models of the interaction of magnetization structures with inhomogeneities with different magnetic properties and geometries. Most attention is paid to models of the interaction of domain walls with defects in thin magnetic films. This work also gives a brief overview of studies of magnetic structures associated with inhomogeneities

Abstract The structure and magnetization dynamics are investigated in a vortex spin-transfer nanooscillator, which is a three-layer spin-valve magnetic nanocolumn with a large diameter of 400 nm, under flowing spin-polarized current through it. The dynamic variation in the structure of vortices and their trajectory of motion are studied, using micromagnetic modeling, as a function of the value of the

Abstract Using electron microscopy methods, the mechanism and kinetics of the evolution of the microstructure and phase composition of the surface diffusion zone of a cast heat–resistant alloy of the Fe–25Cr–35Ni system have been studied under conditions of long–term high–temperature exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere. The chemical compositions of the phases continuously change during alloy oxidation

Abstract The effect of the number and thickness of permalloy layers and the thickness and material of interlayers on the value of magnetic impedance (MI) effect of multilayer film structures is theoretically analyzed in this work. The distributions of electromagnetic fields over the thickness of the film structure and MI are obtained on the basis of the joint solution of the Maxwell equations and the

Abstract The domain structures in the Co(0001) film with a thickness of 200 nm containing Bloch lines are studied in this work using the 3D micromagnetic modeling method. It is shown that Bloch lines include Bloch points in the cases when the domain walls are vortex-like. The transformation processes of domain structures containing Bloch lines are considered in the course of the film magnetization

Abstract A material based on a (VCr)2AlC solid solution has been obtained for the first time by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from a powder reaction mixture of vanadium(V) and chromium(III) oxides with aluminum and carbon (graphite). The synthesized material has been studied by X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses. It has been shown that the product also contains vanadium and

Abstract The interaction of electromagnetic waves with a spherical metallic nanoparticle is studied in this work. Within the model of an infinite spherical potential well, taking into account the size dependence of the Fermi energy, a formula for the dielectric tensor is obtained and its diagonal components are calculated. The calculation results demonstrate a strong size and frequency dependencies

Abstract The effect of 15-keV Ar+ ions on the structure of austenitic chromium-nickel steel in the 3.1 × 1017–7.5 × 1017 cm–2 fluence range has been investigated in this work. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates a nonmonotonous change in the lattice parameter and the level of microstresses in some crystallographic directions with increasing fluence. The anisotropy appearance of these stresses gradually

Abstract Nanopowders of the binary system of immiscible components Fe and Cu are synthesized by gas condensation of metal vapors. The structure and magnetic properties of nanopowders of various compositions are investigated, and their Mössbauer spectra are analyzed. It is shown that the method allows one to obtain nonequilibrium Fe(Cu) and Cu(Fe) solid solutions, in which the concentration of dissolved

Abstract The effect of thermal regimes and some technological methods (the application of intermediate compact metal inserts and nanomodifying additives) on the quality of laser-welded permanent joints of porous titanium or stainless steel plates has been experimentally studied in this work. It has been established that the formation of a high-quality defectless seam requires the use of an intermediate

Abstract In the present work, the melt structure was affected by controlling the important factors of the melt holding time and cooling rate. The microstructure of the Mg66Zn30Gd4 alloys prepared with different melt holding time and cooling rate was observed. It was found that the symmetrical rod phase had the highest volume fraction when the melt holding time was 40 minutes. With the increase of cooling

Abstract A large number of factors have an effect on the features and conditions of bainitic (intermediate) transformations in titanium alloys, namely: the type of phase diagram, the position of the eutectoid temperature, the eutectoid composition, the temperature of the start of martensitic transformation, and the rate of diffusion processes. This review provides a detailed analysis of the changes

Abstrac t—The effect of ultraviolet (UV) laser radiation on the structure and adhesion properties of materials such as chromated bronze, stainless refractory austenitic chromium-nickel steels, and copper, has been experimentally studied. It has been shown that the surface microstructuring of elements of a diffusion-bonded joint improves its mechanical properties as to its tensile strength and tensile

Abstract The ability of cobalt to take, depending on the temperature, pressure, and doping, various charge and spin states in oxide compounds periodically becomes the topic of scientific controversy and is a frequent cause of ambiguity in the interpretation of experimental results. In this review, we will discuss cobaltites, i.e., oxide compounds of cobalt, in which cobalt is in an oxidation state

Abstract Using asymptotic methods in the theory of differential equations, an analytical approximate solution to the problem of diffusion of interstitial atoms in a restricted medium under the condition of a constant temperature gradient is obtained. As follows from the analysis, this solution is applicable to plate samples undergoing thermal and ionic modification of one of the surfaces, whose thickness

Abstract The magnetic properties of the [Tb–Co/Si]n films are studied at temperatures of 5–300 K. The regularities of changing the effective magnetic moment of terbium and the average magnetic moment of cobalt with decreasing magnetic layer thickness are determined. In this case, interlayer interfaces are shown to play the active role. A decrease in the Tb–Co layer thickness is accompanied by an increase

Abstract The effects of rolling with different reductions at room temperature, a temperature of 300°C, and the temperature of boiling of liquid nitrogen on the surface structure of the Zr62.5Cu22.5Fe5Al10 alloy on the evolution of shear bands and microhardness of this alloy have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray structural analysis methods

Abstract The effect of small additions of erbium and zirconium on the microstructure, phase composition, kinetics of hardening during aging and softening during annealing after rolling of the Al–5Si–1.3Cu–0.5Mg alloy has been studied in this work. Erbium and zirconium form a phase of crystallization origin with aluminum, silicon, copper, and magnesium, which does not dissolve and does not change its

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis are used to study the structure, phase composition, and deformation behavior of a titanium Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al alloy with different carbon contents. It is shown that as the carbon content in the alloy increases to the maximum carbon solubility, the dispersity of the secondary α-phase increases and, therefore, the strength of

Abstract The role of shear waves and the effect of phonon focusing on the anisotropy of the thermopower of the electron–phonon drag in single-crystal potassium nanowires at low temperatures are analyzed in this work. The deformation potential theory is used for the longitudinal components of elastic modes. For the shear components of vibrational modes, the electron–phonon interaction constant is used

Abstract The microstructure of double-sided welded joints of 3D-printed items made of titanium alloy Ti‒6Al–4V by the electron-beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) method has been investigated using the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, optical metallography, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that columnar epitaxial growth of primary β grains with transverse dimensions

Abstract The way in which martensitic transformation in iron alloys in high pulsed magnetic field can proceed via two different routes is explained. The first route corresponds to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation and can be considered “typical structural phase transition”. The second route is governed by the redistribution of the exchange-interaction forces between electrons in the fcc-lattice phase

Abstract The effect of heat treatments (HTs) in a sulfur atmosphere of a rapidly quenched soft magnetic 71KNSR (Co72Ni12.2Fe5.7Si6.5B3.6) alloy on its magnetic properties is studied in this work. The alloy under study is subjected to HTs at temperatures above and below its Curie temperature. It is shown that the magnetic properties are improved in both cases. It is likely that the improvement is traceable

Abstract The purity of hydrogen, which is an alternative energy carrier in powder sources of distributed energy resource systems and, in particular, is the feed stock for fuel cells, should be no less than 99.9999 vol % purity High-purity hydrogen can be prepared only via its separation as a result of selective diffusion through metallic membranes manufactured from specific membrane palladium-based

Abstract— The effect of the temperature of plastic deformation performed by equal channel angular pressing on the structure and physical and mechanical properties of the age-hardenable Cu–Cr–Zr alloy has been studied. Plastic deformation results in the formation of an ultrafine-grained structure in some regions with an average grain size smaller than 1 µm, a supersaturated solid solution decomposition