The determination of the local cooling rate has a great significance in optimizing the parameters of electroslag remelting (ESR) and improving the quality of the ingots. An innovative method was proposed for calibrating the local cooling rate of M42 high-speed steel (HSS) in the ESR process. After resolidification at different cooling rates under high-temperature laser confocal microscopy, the carbide

In situ (TiC + SiC) particles (5 vol.% and 10 vol.%, respectively)-reinforced FeCrCoNi high entropy alloy matrix composites were fabricated via vacuum inductive melting method, with equal volume fractions of TiC and SiC particles. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy diffraction spectrum were employed to analyze the microstructure and composition of the samples. The results manifested

H13-mod steel developed after optimizing the composition and heat treatment process exhibits good hardness and impact toughness and can be used as a shield machine hob. Based on the Avrami equation, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behaviour of H13-mod steel during hot compression was studied in the temperature of 900–1150 °C and strain rate ranges of 0.01–10 s−1. A DRX model and finite element

Al0.5Cr0.9FeNi2.5Vx (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) multi-principal alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting. The effect of vanadium addition on its microstructure and properties was investigated. The results show that the alloys of all components exhibited an FCC single-phase structure. With the addition of vanadium, the microstructure of the alloy changed from dendrites to equiaxed crystals, the

The surface oxide layer of grain-oriented electrical steels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The formation mechanism and the influence on the glass film of the surface oxide layer were analyzed by the calculation of thermodynamics and kinetics. The surface oxide layer with 2.3 μm in thickness is mainly composed of SiO2, a small amount of FeO and Fe2SiO4. During the formation of surface

Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) heat treatments with different annealing temperatures and fixed initial quenching temperatures were applied to cold-rolled low-carbon steel with the initial microstructure of ferrite and pearlite, aiming to gain the same amount of austenite (preset value) before the partitioning stage. The chemical compositions of the material have been specially designed, containing

Gradient microstructure of the specimen was achieved by applying gradient thermoplastic deformation via electric resistance heating and hot compression of the cone-shaped specimen. A numerical modeling and experiment tests are conducted to investigate the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in different regions of the specimen subjected to the gradient process parameters. Microstructure

The constitutive relationship is the basis for studying the material processing technology and controlling the quality of products. Data and models of the plastic flow behavior of materials are often required during the manufacturing process. Therefore, establishing constitutive models with high precision and generalization and enriching material database is of great significance for optimizing processing

Highly reactive ferro-coke has been widely studied due to its contribution to the energy saving and emission reduction in blast furnace ironmaking. To optimize the coking process of ferro-coke and improve its metallurgical properties, it is necessary to clarify the influence of initial iron ore on the strength, micro-morphology and CO2 gasification reaction behavior of formed ferro-coke. The effects

The effect of dew points (− 50, − 10 and + 10 °C) on the galvanizing properties of a high-manganese twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for microscopic observation and qualitative analysis of the interfacial layer between the steel surface and

The Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials (ASTM E8) mandates a specimen gauge reduction for obtaining the tensile properties of reinforcing steel bars. The standard outlines the specimen preparation requirements and methods to ensure that test results well represent the material properties. On the other hand, some codes differ regarding the approach to specimen preparation

Electrical additive manufacturing can improve manufacturing efficiency and reduce the cost of 16MND5 reactor pressure vessel steel. Impact tests were conducted to compare the impact toughness of 16MND5 steels manufactured by the electrical additive manufacturing and conventional forging, respectively. It is found that the impact toughness of electrical additive manufacturing specimen was slightly higher

To realize cross-wedge rolling of shaft parts without a stub bar in a short process, an axial closed–open-type cross-wedge rolling technique was proposed. Based on the strain characteristics in the rolling, evaluation indices of deformation uniformity were provided, and the DEFORM-3D software was adopted to conduct numerical simulations of the rolling process. The metal flow and strain distribution

Grain boundary of α phase damaged ductility of laser melting-deposited TC18 titanium alloy and grain boundary of α phases were difficult to break by nominal heat treatment. An extra thermal deformation was introduced to break the grain boundary of α phase with the improved mechanical property of TC18 titanium alloy fabricated by laser melting deposition technique. Results indicated that after thermal

To prepare ultra-high-yield strength twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel and reveal its work hardening mechanism at different strain rates from the microcosmic range, the microstructure evolution mechanism of Fe–20Mn–0.6C TWIP steel was investigated at strain rates of 10−4–103 s−1 using a high-speed tensile testing machine and a transmission electron microscope. The results show that the strain

The prediction of the mechanical properties of hot-rolled strips is a very complex, highly dimensional and nonlinear problem, and the published models might lack reliability, practicability and generalization. Thus, a new model was proposed for predicting the mechanical properties of hot-rolled strips by deep learning. First, the one-dimensional numerical data were transformed into two-dimensional

The denitrification rate of the cross-flow activated coke flue gas purification facility varies with operational parameters. According to the simulated experiments, the denitrification rate with the height drop of the denitrification unit experiences 100%, rapid decreasing, and gradual rising to the equilibrium. According to the correlation analysis results based on production data, several operational

Gas-quenched steel slag abrasive was obtained by gas quenching with high-temperature liquid steel slag as raw material. The phase composition, thermal properties, micromorphology, magnetic properties, and mechanical properties of the particles were characterized by using an X-ray diffractometer, a differential thermal analyzer, a scanning electron microscope, a magnetic property meter, and a compressive

Aluminum alloy 6061 and high-strength steel Q460 were joined by laser-arc-adhesive hybrid welding technology successfully. A Cu alloy interlayer was added between Al alloy and high-strength steel. The effect of the adhesive on laser-arc-adhesive hybrid welding of Al alloy to high-strength steel was discussed. The optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and electron probe micro-analysis were

Stainless steel (SS) 410 is widely used in many components of nuclear reactors due to its good corrosion resistance and high strength. However, wear is a major issue of these components due to its continuous sliding. SS 420 and Colmonoy 5 particles were deposited over SS 410 substrate by laser cladding process. Then, X-ray diffraction was used to find the phases present after cladding process. Further

The adhesion of fine iron ore particles during fluidized bed reduction was studied using pressurized visible fluidized bed laboratory equipment. The results showed that the optimal operating parameters for pure hydrogen reduction under high pressure were reduction temperature of 1073 K, particle size of 0.18–0.66 mm, pure H2 linear velocity of 0.8 m/s, reduction pressure of 200 kPa, and reduction time

Thermodynamic theory was used to calculate the formation temperature and site fraction of MC carbides in Fe–C–Ni–V–Ti system. The calculation results showed the theoretical formation conditions of core–shell MC carbides. One-step and two-step heat treatment processes were used in Fe–C–Ni–V–Ti alloy to, respectively, obtain homogeneous and core–shell MC carbides, which was consistent with the thermodynamic

The metadynamic recrystallization (MDRX) model is established, and the coefficients determined by multiple linear regression analysis are used to describe the microstructure evolution of SA508Gr.4N steel. The effects of compression temperature of 950–1150 °C, strain rate of 0.001–0.1 s−1, pre-strain of 0.3–0.6, initial austenite grain size (IAGS) of 136–552 μm, and interval time of 1–300 s on the MDRX

For QSTE700 high-strength steel rectangular welded tube, the mechanical properties of the weld zone vary with the distance from the centerline of the weld. Therefore, the accurate description of constitutive relationship of the weld zone is of great significance for the study of formability of QSTE700 rectangular welded tube. Firstly, the mechanical properties of parent and mixed specimens containing

At present, lots of municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are treated by incineration technology, which produces a large amount of fly ash that needs to be treated innocuously. A new method of using metallurgical shaft furnace to treat the MSW fly ash was thus proposed, and some research was done for this method. Firstly, the basic physical properties of MSW fly ash were analyzed, and then, the briquetting

A novel technology, modified roasting in CO–CO2 mixed gas and magnetic separation, was presented to recover iron from copper slag. The effects of various parameters such as dosage of flux (CaO), gas flowrate of CO and CO2, roasting temperature, roasting time, particle size of modified slag and magnetic flux density on the oxidized modification and magnetic separation were investigated by comparison

The diamond-like carbon (DLC) film on 316L stainless steel substrate was prepared by pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and the performance of the films was optimized by regulating the pulse voltage. Microstructure and properties of DLC film on 316L stainless steel were characterized by atomic force microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra, nano-indenter

Arc additive manufacturing is a high-productivity and low-cost technology for directly fabricating fully dense metallic components. However, this technology with high deposit rate would cause degradation of dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the metallic component. A novel hybrid additive manufacturing technology by combining the benefit of directed energy deposition and laser remelting is

Solidification behavior in the mold region plays an important role in production efficiency and steel quality. To investigate shell growth within a mold, the sulfur prints of the entire shell thickness profile from the meniscus to 100 mm below the mold were obtained by adding FeS tracer into molten steel during bloom continuous casting of hypo-peritectic steel. The law of shell thickness evolution

For improving the strength of pellets made of ultrafine and super-high-grade magnetite concentrates, the influence of basicity (CaO/SiO2 ratio) on the roasting and consolidation of pellets was investigated. The results showed that with the basicity of pellets increasing from 0.09 to 0.60, the compressive strength of both preheated and roasted pellets achieved an evident improvement from 502 and 2519

The crystallization and heat transfer of CaO–SiO2-based slag for high-Mn–high-Al steel have been investigated by coupling composition evolution with heat transfer and non-isothermal tests. It was found that the concentrations of Al2O3 and MnO in the slag were determined by the relative contents of Al and Mn in molten steel. Crystallization temperature of the slag rose with the increase in Al2O3 content

Isothermal compression tests of as-forged 30Si2MnCrMoVE low-alloying ultra-high-strength steel were carried out on a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulator at the deformation temperatures of 950–1150 °C and strain rates of 0.01–10 s−1. Based on the classical stress–dislocation density relationship and the kinematics of the dynamic recrystallization, the constitutive equations of the work hardening dynamical

The microstructure of coke has an important influence on its thermal properties. The solution loss reactions of coke in CO2 and H2O atmospheres were investigated by in situ observation. The results showed that the isotropic components had a more vigorous reaction than the anisotropic components, and the solution loss reaction of the fine-grained mosaic structure was faster than that of the coarse-grained