The crystallization mechanisms of Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 (Zr55) amorphous alloys from slow continuous heating to rapid laser heating are investigated. The multiphase nanocrystalline structures such as CuZr2-type, NiZr2-type and Al2Zr3-type phases with various compositions are observed at heating rates lower than 50 K/s, while the CuZr2-type/ZrCu-type eutectic dendrites are produced at heating rates higher

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are vital in many advanced applications, such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Therefore, this work aimed at studying the effect of thermo-mechanical treatment in conjunction with alloying elements modification on improving the mechanical properties and shape memory effect (SME) of Cu–Al–Ni SMAs. In this study, the samples were divided into two groups: the first

Magnetic cooling (MC) by utilizing the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been considered as one of the most potential promising solid state alternative method to present well-used state-of-the-art gas compression cooling technique. In this work, the rare earth (RE)-rich indides Gd6Co2.2In0.8, Tb6Co2.2In0.8, Dy6Co2.2In0.8 and Ho6Co2.2In0.8 were fabricated and checked with respect to their crystal structure

The effects of W on the microstructure and tensile properties of two high Mn-containing β-γ TiAl alloys (nominal composition is Ti–42Al–5Mn and Ti–42Al–5Mn-0.8 W (at.%)) prepared by vacuum induction melting and conventional forging process were systematically investigated. The results showed that there were coarse columnar lamellar colonies in the as-cast W-free alloy, but in the W-added alloy, the

Introducing the dendrite phase is an effective solution to overcome the low fatigue resistance of metallic glass (MG). In present study, we examined the four-point bending fatigue behavior of a new Ti50.32Zr33.92Cu4.56Ni2.12Be9.08 metallic glass composite (MGC) containing metastable dendrites. The stress-life (S–N) test and various characterization techniques including X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning

Variations in the positive temperature dependence of yield stress for L12 intermetallic compounds in pseudo-binary alloys with the composition of Co3(Al, W)–Co3Ti have been investigated. Polycrystalline L12 compounds in the pseudo-binary system with a Co3(Al, W) to Co3Ti composition ratio of approximately 1:3 and 1:9 were prepared. The temperature dependence of the yield stress ranging from 293 to

We report on the mechanical properties of Cu–Nb alloys produced by combinatorial magnetron sputtering. Depending on the composition, the microstructure is either fully amorphous (~30–65 at.% Cu), a dispersion of Cu crystallites in an amorphous matrix (~70 at.%), or a dominant crystalline phase with separated nanoscale amorphous zones (~80 at.% Cu). Nanomechanical probing of the different microstructures

The phase equilibria at 1000 °C of the Co-V-Ga ternary system and composition dependence of martensitic transformation characteristics in Co2VGa Heusler alloys are investigated. Firstly, the results show that six three-phase regions and three ternary compounds are identified in the isothermal section. The CoVGa compound is discovered with a composition range of 43.0–46.2 at.% V and 27.3–31.4 at.% Ga

Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) usually exhibit brittle behavior and unconspicuous β-relaxation in their dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. We report a distinct β-relaxation behavior in FeNi-based BMGs with excellent plasticity. The origin of pronounced β-relaxation and plastic behaviors for the FeNi-based BMGs were investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation tests in detail

In the present study, a systematic investigation on the effect of Fe content on the Hall-Petch coefficient of (CoCrMnNi)100-x Fex (x = 20, 40, 50, and 60) medium- and high-entropy alloys (M/HEAs) was carried out. The cold-rolled alloys were annealed at 900 °C and 1000 °C between 3 min and 10 h for recrystallization. Scanning electron microscope with a backscattered detector was used to obtain micrographs

A novel nanoindentation mapping technique was employed to correlate the microstructure, composition and mechanical properties of the fcc, laves and lamellae in CoCrNiMox high-entropy alloys with varying Mo content. The results suggest that the Young's modulus of the 3 constituents were comparable, averaging ≈230 GPa. Despite this, the hardness was quite different. The fcc phase in CoCrNiMox was mainly

Dc and ac–magnetic susceptibility (χ), specific heat (CP), electrical resistivity (ρ) and magnetoresistance measurements performed on the new polycrystalline compound Gd2AgSi3, crystallizing in the α–ThSi2 tetragonal structure, are reported. Two magnetic phase transitions were observed in dc and ac susceptibility, specific heat and resistivity measurements at temperatures TN1=11 K and TN2=20 K, despite

The grain boundary groove method has been successfully used to measure Gibbs-Thomson coefficient, Γ, solid-liquid interfacial energies, σSL, experimentally for transparent materials, binary eutectic, peritectic, monotectic systems, colloidal system, any alloy system, multi-component systems as well as pure materials. It has been shown that the grain boundary groove shapes could be obtained for any

The isothermal oxidation behaviour of Ti–44Al–4Nb–4Mn–1B, Ti–44Al–4Nb–4Zr–1B and Ti–44Al–8Nb–1B alloys has been studied in Air-H2O environment under atmospheric pressure. The presence of H2O leaded to a significant increase in the oxidation kinetics of TiAl-based alloys and changed the crystal morphology and structure of the oxide scales. Moreover, Air-H2O environment strengthened the anisotropy of

In recent decades, metal-intermetallic laminated (MIL) composites are of great interest to the scientific community. The intermetallic layers in such composites possess a strong crystallographic texture and can form various superstructures. However, these effects are rarely discussed in the literature. By application of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) we show, that an intermetallic layer in explosively

The compositional influence on the formation of a clustered glassy structure was examined for Zr-based metallic glasses with multicomponent compositions of Zr60Al10Co30-x (Ni, Cu, Ag)x (x = 5–20, at.%) and Zr55Al10Co10Ni10Cu10Ag5 subjected to long-time annealing at the temperatures above the first-stage crystallization peak temperature (Tp1). The glassy alloys are characterized as two different groups

The 18R and 14H long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases were generally considered that only the basal and non-basal slips and kink banding could be activated during quasi-state deformation at room temperature. Here, we confirm that the pyramidal II slips can also be activated in the 18R LPSO phase by quasi-state nanoindentation and in the 14H LPSO phase by cold roll with a rolling direction parallel

The FeCoNi(CuAl)0.8 high-entropy alloy (HEA) consists of both face-centered cubic (FCC) phase and body-centered cubic (BCC) phase which allows for a fine tuning of the magnetic properties by controlling the concentration, morphology, and distribution of each phase. In this work, we report the effect of Ho addition on the microstructure, magnetic domains, and alternating current (AC) magnetic properties

The article analyzes the effect of the addition of iron in the Zr–Cu–Al system metallic glassy alloys on the phase separation process during thermo-mechanical treatment. The addition of Fe causes formation of nanostructured regions of chemical inhomogeneity after cold rolling and annealing below the glass transition temperature. The resulted effect on the mechanical properties of the investigated alloys

High-temperature oxidation behavior of an equimolar AlCuFeMn multicomponent alloy was investigated at 500 °C and 1000 °C for 50 h of exposure in ambiance. Relative weight gain after oxidation was 0.5 mg cm−2 and 0.3 mg cm−2 at 500 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. At 500 °C, the oxidized surface comprised of a manganese-rich oxide layer with an aluminum oxide sublayer, while only an aluminum-rich oxide

A strategy to improve the tensile properties of Co17.5Cr12.5Fe55Ni10Mo5 (at%) medium-entropy alloy through high-pressure torsion and subsequent annealing is presented in this work. Microstructural study revealed that the high-pressure torsion process led to the formation of fine grains (≤~1 μm) and profuse nano-scale Mo-rich μ-phase precipitates. And resultantly, the yield strength of the alloy was

Using the CALPHAD method, lightweight nonequiatomic Ti60(Al)x(VCrNb)40-x (x = 6, 8, 10, 12, and 18 at.%) medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) were designed and produced using vacuum arc melting and drop casting. The density of these cast alloys decreased with an increase in Al concentration from 5.45 to 4.79 g cm−3. All of these cast alloys exhibited a body-centered cubic (BCC) microstructure. However, a nanosized

The present work concerns understanding the microstructure and nano-mechanical properties of titanium carbide (TiC) added (5 wt% and 10 wt%) titanium aluminide (Ti45Al5Nb0.5Si) composite developed by laser additive manufacturing (LAM) route. LAM has been carried out by melting pre-mixed titanium aluminide (Ti45Al5Nb0.5Si) and titanium carbide (5 wt% and 10 wt%) with a Nd:YAG laser (of 3 kW power and

A quadrilateral with pseudo-four characteristic temperatures as vertices is established based on four aspects (1. The onset crystallization temperature Tx: resistance to crystallization; 2. The liquid temperature Tl: liquid stability; 3. The supercooled liquid region of glass (SLRglass) ΔTx = Tx-Tg, where Tg is the glass transition temperature: stability of SLRglass; 4. The supercooled liquid region

In this study, quasi-static tensile properties of Fe60Co15Ni15Cr10 (at%) ferrous medium-entropy alloy at 298 K and 77 K were investigated in terms of thermally-activated deformation mechanism. Relatively high strain rate sensitivity and low activation volume were estimated using strain rate jump tests at 77 K where deformation-induced martensitic transformation took place, compared to those at 298 K

In-situ and ex-situ X-ray 3D-tomography is used to characterize the microstructure of Ni microwires, with wire diameters spanning 25–100 μm, (i) after vapor-phase deposition of Ti onto their surface and (ii) after subsequent homogenization to achieve the near-equiatomic NiTi composition desired for shape-memory or superelastic behavior. After Ti deposition at 925 °C, wires are partially homogenized

Magnetic field annealing is an important method to enhance the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys. In this work, the effects of magnetic field annealing intensity on the magnetic properties, mechanical properties, and microstructure of Fe80Si9B11 amorphous ribbons were investigated. It can be seen from the results that the magnetic induction at 1600 A/m (B1600), maximum permeability (μm), coercivity

Multiple precipitates have been utilized so as to improve the strength and strain hardening rate of austenite-based low density steel. Thus, a two-step heat treatment process including annealing and aging was designed for a V-containing Fe–20Mn–9Al-1.2C steel. Based on the analysis of microstructures and mechanical properties under different heat treatment processes, the precipitation behavior and

The components used in electrical power engineering may undergo different aging mechanisms. For some material combinations, this includes interdiffusion processes together with the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC). As for some IMCs only few or inconsistent data regarding growth parameters or electrical properties at temperatures below 200 °C exist, it is challenging to estimate their influence

The effect of substituting Mo for W on γ/γ′ partitioning behaviors of alloying elements in heat-treated second generation Ni based single crystal superalloys was investigated via atom probe tomography technique. Re, Cr, Co and Mo elements tended to distribute in γ phase, while Al, Ta and W elements tended to distribute in γ′ phase, and significant interfacial segregation was not found in experimental

Heusler alloys have attracted much attention due to their low toxicity, mechanical and thermal stability, relative abundance, and potential for thermoelectric power generation. Herein, we demonstrate that TiFe2Sn full-Heusler alloy can be obtained by a mechanochemical synthesis of metal precursors followed by spark plasma sintering. It is shown that thus prepared samples exhibit the ordered structure

The in-situ observation of microstructural evolution under electron irradiation was performed in order to experimentally estimate the mobility of vacancy and interstitial in 316 stainless steel and CoCrFeNi-base high entropy alloys. The vacancy migration energy in CoCrFeNiMn and CoCrFeNiAl0.3 was estimated to be lower and higher compared with that in 316 stainless steel, respectively. While, the interstitial

Diffusion behaviour of Mg–Gd intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were studied in the temperature range of 713–793 K using the diffusion couple method. Measured growth constants and integral interdiffusion coefficients of formed IMCs showed inverse-correlation to melting temperatures, excluding metastable phase Mg7Gd. Mechanical properties of obtained IMCs were studied using nanoindentation characterization

Spark plasma sintering was used to bond β-γ TiAl alloys containing high content of niobium. The microstructure features and recrystallization of bonding interface were investigated. The results showed that sound joint could be obtained through pulse current diffusion bonding (PCDB) conducted at 1150 °C under the applied pressure of 10 MPa for 20 min. The formation of α2 phase in the bonding interface

Low temperature annealing effect on the structure, residual stress and local chemical order of Ni2MnGa alloys thin films were investigated by atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction and x-ray stress analyses as well as extended x-ray absorption fine structure. Thin films were prepared by sputtering on GaAs substrates maintained at room temperature and 300 °C during deposition. The samples prepared

Influences of the Fe addition in various concentrations on the near–eutectoid Ti–4Au alloys were systematically investigated in this study in consideration of the great number of requirements for the biomedical materials. The Ti–4Au–xFe (x = 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 at.%) alloys were synthesized by physical metallurgy and their microstructures, crystal structures, lattice parameters, phases, and mechanical

2D forging processes are adopted to tailor the microstructures and mechanical properties of near α titanium alloys with different boron contents and the evolutions of the microstructures and mechanical properties of the acquired alloys are carefully characterised. Maximum texture intensities decrease with increasing boron contents, thereby illustrating the improvements in the homogeneity of the microstructures

In this study, the microstructural and electrical characteristics of Pt contacts to n-type InGaAs were investigated as a function of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperatures in the range of 400–600 °C. RTA at 400 °C was inadequate for ensuring a good reaction between the deposited Pt films with InGaAs, forming only a thin amorphous PtAs2 layer, as evidenced from the high-resolution transmission electron

In this study, the suitability of a magnetron sputtered Al–18Si (at.%) coating as oxidation protection for a γ-TiAl based TNB-V2 alloy was investigated. The coating microstructure and its changes as well as the evolution of the different phases during the different steps, deposition process, post heat treatment and isothermal oxidation test, was studied using x-ray diffraction as well as scanning and

Despite its significance in fundamentally understanding mechanical behaviors of metallic glasses, the effect of elastic heterogeneity on plastic deformation and thereby nanotribological behavior of metallic glass thin films (MGTFs) remains an open question. By a combination of nano-scratch, nano-DMA and nanoindentation tests, we have investigated in the present work the room-temperature inhomogeneous

The evolution of the texture and microstructure of TiB-TC25G composites, heat-treated in the high α+β phase field, have been studied with different cooling rates. The present study found that the size of α colonies and the thickness of individual secondary α laths increased with decreasing cooling rates. Slow cooling induces the formation of equiaxed secondary α grains in the β matrix of TiB-TC25G

Improvement of functional properties of binary TiPt shape memory alloy by adding a third element to partially substitute for Ti, has to date resulted in a decreased martensitic transformation temperature. In this study, the effect of substituting titanium (Ti) with varying amounts of vanadium (V) on microstructure, crystal structure and phase transformation was investigated using scanning electron

To obtain the balanced mechanical properties of Nb–Si based alloys, the effects of multiple additions of Zr and Y on microstructure, fracture toughness and tensile strength were investigated. The compositions of the alloys were designed as Nb–16Si–23Ti–4Cr–2Al-2Hf-(3Zr-0.6Y), (5Zr-0.3Y) and (5Zr-0.6Y). The addition of Zr promotes silicide transition from α-Nb5Si3 to γ-Nb5Si3; in 5Zr alloys, the γ-Nb5Si3

Here we propose an effective method to suppress the interface reaction between Al and Mg using Ti as interlayer and improve the uniformity of interface layer by laser-arc hybrid welding via beam oscillation. With the optimized oscillating frequency of 90 Hz, the Ti interlayer was uniformly melted to form an Al–Mg–Ti ternary system at the interface, which reduced the formation of brittle Al3Mg2 and

In this work, a novel polycrystalline Mn5Ge2.9Fe0.1 compound has been prepared and a detailed analysis on structural, physical and magnetocaloric properties is carried out. Mn5Ge2.9Fe0.1 compound is a second order-itinerant ferromagnet with enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient. The resistivity of this compound is found to show saturation at high temperatures due to spin fluctuations in the compound. Critical

The elongation of high-strength copper alloy with tensile strength over 1300 MPa is generally less than 3%. In this paper, a novel Cu–20Ni–20Mn-0.3Nb-0.3Cr-0.1Zr(wt.%) alloy was prepared, of which the tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation is 1445 MPa, 147 GPa and 6.8%, respectively. The flow stress strain and microstructure evolution during high temperature deformation at different strain

Oxidation behavior of a Ti2AlNb based alloy (Ti–22Al–23Nb (at.%)) and hot corrosion behavior of this alloy coated with a salt mixture of NaCl–Na2SO4 at 1023 K were comparatively investigated. The results showed that the alloy possessed relatively good oxidation resistance while suffered severe hot corrosion attack. The mass gain of the hot-corroded alloy was much larger than that of the oxidized alloy