Magnesium (Mg) alloys, as the lightest metal engineering materials, have broad application prospects. However, the strength and ductility of traditional Mg alloys are still relativity low and difficult to improve simultaneously. Refining grain size via the deformation process based on the grain boundary strengthening and the transition of deformation mechanisms is one of the feasible strategies to

Nano-sized silicon carbide (SiC: 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 4wt%, and 8wt%) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix nanocomposites were manufactured, pressed, and sintered at 775 and 875°C in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructural evolution. The density, thermal expansion, mechanical, and electrical properties were studied. XRD

The effects of picosecond Nd:YAG laser irradiation on chemical and morphological surface characteristics of the commercially pure titanium and Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy in air and argon atmospheres were studied under different laser output energy values. During the interaction of laser irradiation with the investigated materials, a part of the energy was absorbed on the target surface, influencing surface

This review aims to discuss the application and development of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology in the field of rock mechanics and the mechanical behaviors of 3D-printed specimens on the basis of various available printing materials. This review begins with a brief description of the concepts and principles associated with 3DP, and then systematically elaborates the five major applications

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To further clarify the dewatering performance and torque evolution during the tailings thickening process, a self-made rake was connected to a rheometer to monitor the shear stress and torque. The dewatering performance of the total tailings was greatly improved to a solid mass fraction of 75.33% in 240 min. The dewatering process could be divided into three stages: the rapid torque growth period,

To simulate the wear and corrosion behavior of high-strength EH47 hull steel in a complicated marine environment in which seawater, sea ice, and sea sand coexist, accelerated wear and corrosion tests were performed in a laboratory setting using a tribometer. The effect of large loads on the behavior of abrasion and corrosion in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution with ice and sand to simulate a marine environment

An improved method of (NH4)2SO4 roasting followed by water leaching to utilize zinc oxidized ores was studied. The operating parameters were obtained by investigating the effects of the molar ratio of (NH4)2SO4 to zinc, roasting temperature, and holding time on zinc extraction. The roasting process followed the chemical reaction control mechanism with the apparent activation energy value of 41.74 kJ·mol−1

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone

The microwave-assisted reduction behaviours of two low-grade iron ores having a similar Fe content of 49wt% but distinctly different mineralogical and liberation characteristics were studied. Their performances in terms of the iron grade and recovery as obtained from statistically designed microwave (MW) roasting followed by low-intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) experiments were compared. At respective

Crystalline rare-earth (RE) carbonates having large particle size were prepared from the lixivium of weathered crust elution-deposited rare-earth ores using the precipitation method with ammonium bicarbonate as the precipitant. Their chemical composition was studied using elemental and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and their structure and morphology were characterized using Fourier transform infrared

This study documents laboratory-scale observation of the interactions between the Ni-based superalloy FGH4096 and refractories. Three different crucibles were tested—MgO, Al2O3, and MgO-spinel. We studied the variations in the compositions of the inclusions and the alloy-crucible interface with the reaction time using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and

The influence of welding speed on the joint microstructures of an austenitic stainless steel (ASS) produced by friction stir welding (FSW) was investigated. The FSW process was conducted using a rotational speed of 400 r/min and welding speeds of 50 and 150 mm/min. The study was carried out using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique in different regions of the resultant stir zones (SZs)

Magnesium titanate was prepared directly through external coal reduction of seashore titanomagnetite concentrate and magnesium oxide (MgO). The effects of roasting temperature and the type and dosage of reductants on the purity of generated magnesium titanate particles were systematically investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analyses were performed to characterize

The effect of three heat processes with different calcium contents on the evolution of inclusions during the ladle furnace refining process of AISI 321 stainless steel was investigated. The size, morphology, and composition of the inclusions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. After the addition of aluminum and titanium, the primary oxide in the AISI

In last decade, the utilization of CO2 resources in steelmaking has achieved certain metallurgical effects and the technology is maturing. In this review, we summarized the basic reaction theory of CO2, the CO2 conversion, and the change of energy-consumption when CO2 was introduced in converter steelmaking process. In the CO2-O2 mixed injection (COMI) process, the CO2 conversion ratio can be obtained

At low basicity and low temperature, the dephosphorization behavior and phosphorus distribution ratio (LP) between slag and molten steel in the double slag and remaining slag process were studied with a 180 t basic oxygen furnace industrial experiment. The dephosphorization slags with different basicities were quantitatively analyzed. At the lower basicity range of 0.9–2.59, both LP and dephosphorization

We successfully constructed TiO2-pillared multilayer graphene nanocomposites (T-MLGs) via a facile method as follows: dodecanediamine pre-pillaring, ion exchange (Ti4+ pillaring), and interlayer in-situ formation of TiO2 by hydrothermal method. TiO2 nanoparticles were distributed uniformly on the graphene interlayer. The special structure combined the advantages of graphene and TiO2 nanoparticles.

Cu-Nb microcomposite wire was successfully prepared by a groove rolling process. The effects of groove rolling on the diffraction peaks, microstructure, and properties of the Cu-Nb microcomposite were investigated and the microstructure evolutions and strengthening mechanism were discussed. The tensile strength of the Cu-Nb microcomposite wire with a diameter of 2.02 mm was greater than 1 GPa, and

The present work employed the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis techniques to identify the microstructural evolution and mechanical and abrasive behavior of high carbon steel during quenching-partitioning treatment with an aim to enhance the toughness and wear resistance of high carbon steel. Results showed that, with

A type of polymer/ceramic coating was introduced on a magnesium-based nanocomposite, and the nanocomposite was evaluated for implant applications. The microstructure, corrosion, and bioactivity of the coated and uncoated samples were assessed. Mechanical alloying followed by sintering was applied to fabricate the Mg-3Zn-0.5Ag-15NiTi nanocomposite substrate. Moreover, different contents of poly(lactic-co-glycolic

The dilatometric curves of B1500HS high-strength steel at different heating rates were measured by a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator and analyzed to investigate the effect of heating rate on austenitization. Results show that the value of starting temperature and ending temperature of austenite transformation increase with the rise of heating rates, whereas the temperature interval of austenite formation

This study was undertaken to investigate the tensile properties and hot tearing susceptibility of cast Al-Cu alloys containing excess Fe (up to 1.5wt%) and Si (up to 2.5wt%). According to the results, the optimum tensile properties and hot tearing resistance were achieved at Fe/Si mass ratio of 1, where the α-Fe phase was the dominant Fe compound. Increasing the Fe/Si mass ratio above unity increased

Hydrogen is a promising renewable energy source for fossil-free transportation and electrical energy generation. However, leaking hydrogen in high-temperature production processes can cause an explosion, which endangers production workers and surrounding areas. To detect leaks early, we used a sensor material based on a wide bandgap aluminum nitride (AlN) that can withstand a high-temperature environment

Rapid flocculation and settlement (FS) of mine tailings is significant for the improvement and development of the filling process, whereas the settlement velocity (SV) of tailings in FS has been recognized as a key parameter to evaluate the settlement effect. However, the influence of temperature on the SV and its mechanism have not been studied. FS experiments on tailings with various ambient temperatures

NH4HCO3 conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH4HCO3 conversion, including molar ratio of NH4HCO3 to zinc extracted residual, NH4HCO3 concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized

We prepared (CuCoFeNi)Tix (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) by vacuum arc melting and then investigated the effects of Ti on their microstructure and mechanical properties. When x was inreased to 0.6, the structure of the alloy transformed from their initial single face-centered cubic (fcc) structure into fcc+Laves mixed structure. The Laves phase was found to comprise

This paper demonstrates an intrinsic modulation of the cutoff wavelength in the spectra for solar selective absorbing coating based on high-entropy films. The (NiCuCrFeSi)N ((NCCFS)N) films were deposited by a magnetron sputtering system. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis confirms the uniform composition and good homogeneity of these high-entropy films. The real and imaginary parts of

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) generally possess complex component combinations and abnormal properties. The traditional methods of investigating these alloys are becoming increasingly inefficient because of the unpredictable phase transformation and the combination of many constituents. The development of compositionally complex materials such as HEAs requires high-throughput experimental methods, which

The effects of substrate temperature and deposition time on the morphology and corrosion resistance of FeCoCrNiMo0.3 coating fabricated by magnetron sputtering were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical tests. The FeCoCrNiMo0.3 coating was mainly composed of the face-centered cubic phase. High substrate temperature promoted the densification of the coating, and the pitting

Using thermochemical treatments, boronized layers were successfully prepared on Al0.25CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The thickness of the boronized layers ranged widely from 20 to 50 µm, depending on the heat treatment time. Boronizing remarkably improved the surface hardness from HV 188 to HV 1265 after treating at 900°C for 9 h. Moreover, boronizing enhanced the yield strength of HEAs from

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr0.9FeNi2.5V0.2Al0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under

To clarify the effect of pressure on a (TaNb)0.67(HfZrTi)0.33 alloy composed of a solid solution with a single body-centered-cubic crystal structure, we used first-principles calculations to theoretically investigate the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of this alloy at different pressures. The results show that the calculated equilibrium lattice parameters are consistent with the experimental

AlCrFeNiCuNbx (x = 0.05, 0.15, and 0.26) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were successfully fabricated using the laser metal deposition technique. The laser power of 1600 W and scanning speed of 1.2 m/min were used during laser processing of the alloys. The microstructural, mechanical, and electrochemical characteristics of the alloys were evaluated using various advanced characterization techniques. Results

We designed a novel Co-free AlCrFe2Ni2Ti0.5 high-entropy alloy (HEA) that features an excellent combination of strength and ductility in this study. The as-cast AlCrFe2Ni2Ti0.5 alloy showed equiaxed grains undergoing spinodal decomposition, which consisted of ultrafine-grained laminated body-centered cubic (bcc) phases and an ordered body-centered cubic (b2) phase, and some precipitates embedded in

Thermomechanical cyclic quenching and tempering (TMCT) can strengthen steels through a grain size reduction mechanism. The effect of TMCT on microstructure, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of AISI 1345 steel was investigated. Steel samples heated to 1050°C, rolled, quenched to room temperature, and subjected to various cyclic quenching and tempering heat treatments were named TMCT-1, TMCT-2

We investigated erosion-corrosion (E-C) and its mitigation on the internal surface of the expansion segment of N80 steel tube in a loop system using array electrode technique, weight-loss measurement, computational-fluid-dynamics simulation, and surface characterization techniques. The results show that high E-C rates can occur at locations where there is a high flow velocity and/or a strong impact

This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation. An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained. A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions

The research aims to provide an alternative to austempering treatment of ductile cast iron with a simple and cost-effective heat-treatment process. This goal was accomplished by applying a simple one-step spheroidization heat treatment to the as-cast ductile iron, which would normally possess a coarse pearlitic microstructure to a significant extent. Spheroidization experiments involving isothermal

Duplex-structured TC21 alloy samples were first solution-treated at a higher temperature in the α + β region (940°C) with furnace cooling (FC), air cooling (AC), and water cooling (WC), followed by a second-stage solution treatment at a lower temperature in the α + β region (900°C), and then finally aged at 590°C. The effects of the morphology and quantity of a phases on the structure and properties

A type of calcium coke was developed for use in the oxy-thermal process of calcium carbide production. The calcium coke was prepared by the co-pyrolysis of coking coal and calcium carbide slag, which is a solid waste generated from the chlor-alkali industry. The characteristics of the calcium cokes under different conditions were analyzed experimentally and theoretically. The results show that the

A high content silicon aluminum alloy (Al-25Si-4Cu-1Mg) coating was prepared on a 2A12 aluminum alloy by supersonic plasma spraying. The morphology and microstructure of the coating were observed and analyzed. The hardness, elastic modulus, and bonding strength of the coating were measured. The wear resistance of the coating and 2A12 aluminum alloy was studied by friction and wear test. The results

The present paper reports the effective utilization of marble sludge powder (MSP) for the recovery of potash values from waste mica scrap using chlorination roasting-water leaching method. Characterization studies indicated the presence of dolomite as the major mineral phase in MSP, whereas muscovite and quartz were observed in the mica sample. The acid leaching studies suggest a maximum of 22% potash

Graphene has excellent theoretical properties and a wide range of applications in metal-based composites. However, because of defects on the graphene surface, the actual performance of the material is far below theoretical expectations. In addition, graphene containing defects could easily react with a matrix alloy, such as Al, to generate brittle and hydrolyzed phases that could further reduce the

A Monte Carlo Potts model was developed to simulate the recrystallization process of a cold-rolled ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel. The orientation and image quality data from electron backscatter diffraction measurements were used as input information for simulation. Three types of nucleation mechanisms, namely, random nucleation, high-stored-energy site nucleation (HSEN), and high-angle boundary

The influence of nitrogen content on the precipitation of secondary phases and the tensile strength of Alloy 718 during gas tungsten arc welding was investigated. Various types of precipitates were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that in the fusion zone, the volume fraction of Nb-rich phases such as Laves, (Nb,Ti)C, and δ phases

A 0.3wt% graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy matrix (7075 Al) composite was fabricated by spark plasma sintering and its strength and wear resistance were investigated. The microstructures of the internal structure, the friction surface, and the wear debris were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Compared with the original

The hardness, wettability, and electrochemical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy surfaces treated with anodic oxidation and plasma oxidation as well as the viabilities of the different cell lines on the obtained surfaces were investigated. The anodic oxidation was performed for 10 min under 100 V potential, and it resulted in a 0.95 µm thick nanoporous anatase-TiO2 structure. On the other hand, plasma oxidation

This study investigated the interdiffusion of calcium ferrite/calcium titanate system in the time range of 0–120 min by the diffusion couple method in a CO/N2 reducing atmosphere at 700°C. The results show that after the diffusion reaction occurred, no longitudinal agglomerations were present on the substrate surface on the calcium titanate side. When the diffusion time was increased to 105 min, a

The surface treatment is important for titanium and its alloys as promising candidates for dental implantation due to their bioinert surface. Titanium surface samples were modified using H2O2 solution at different times up to 72 h to boost their bioactivity. According to the results of the field emission scanning electron microscopy test, some nanostructures are formed on the surface of treated titanium

To quickly predict the fatigue limit of 6061 aluminum alloy, two assessment methods based on the temperature evolution and the steady ratcheting strain difference under cyclic loading, respectively, were proposed. The temperature evolutions during static and cyclic loadings were both measured by infrared thermography. Fatigue tests show that the temperature evolution was closely related to the cyclic

Voids (referred to as “stopes”) are generally created during underground mining activities and can lead to both local and regional geotechnical instabilities. To assist in managing the stability of mining-related voids and improving the recovery of orebodies, tailing-based backfill technology has been widely used around the world. In the design of tailing-based backfill strategy, the specific function

Flash processing (FP) has attracted considerable attention due to its high efficiency, economic advantages, and the extraordinary opportunity if offers to improve the mechanical properties of steel. In this study, we investigated the influences of FP on the recrystallization (REX) behavior and mechanical performance of cold-rolled IF steel. Using a thermomechanical simulator, we performed both single-stage

High-density tailings, small cementitious materials, and additives are used for backfill materials with poor early compressive strength (ECS), which may greatly affect the mining and backfill cycle, to prepare paste backfill materials (PBMs) with a high ECS. The effects and mechanisms of different early strength agents on the property of PBM are investigated. The action mechanism of additives on the

To improve the oxidation properties of ferritic heat-resistant steels, an Al-bearing 9Cr-5Si-3Al ferritic heat-resistant steel was designed. We then conducted cyclic oxidation tests to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behavior of 9Cr-5Si and 9Cr-5Si-3Al ferritic heat-resistant steels at 900 and 1000°C. The characteristics of the oxide layer were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by

This study aimed to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of TixZrVNb (x = 1, 1.5, 2) refractory high-entropy alloys at room and elevated temperatures. The TiZrVNb alloy consisted of the body-centered cubic (BCC) matrix with a small amount of V2Zr phase. The Ti1.5ZrVNb and Ti2ZrVNb alloys exhibited a single-phase BCC structure. At room temperature, the tensile ductility of the as-cast

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are emerging as new materials for high temperature structural applications because of their stable mechanical and thermal properties at temperatures higher than 2273 K. In this study, the mechanical properties of MoNbTaTiW RHEA are examined by applying calculations based on first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and using a large unit cell with 100 randomized

The evolution of the microstructure and tensile properties of dual-phase Al0.6CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) subjected to cold rolling was investigated. The homogenized Al0.6CoCrFeNi alloys consisted of face-centered-cubic and body-centered-cubic phases, presenting similar mechanical behavior as the as-cast state. The yield and tensile strengths of the alloys could be dramatically enhanced to

Inconel 718 is a Ni-Fe-based superalloy widely used in aerospace engines because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, the inferior stability of the γ″ phase limits the application of Inconel 718, which coarsens rapidly at temperatures greater than 650°C. Further improving the temperature tolerance of Inconel 718 requires optimization of the phase configuration via modification of the alloy’s