Acid mine drainage presents an important threat to cementitious structures. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the acid resistance of cementitious composites. CNCs were added to mortar mixtures as additives at cement volume ratios of 0.2vol%, 0.4vol%, 1.0vol%, and 1.5vol%. After 28 d of standard curing, the samples were immersed in a sulfuric acid with

Wood-based panels containing urea-formaldehyde resin result in the long-term release of formaldehyde and threaten human health. In this study, inorganic aluminosilicate coatings prepared by combining metakaolin, silica fume, NaOH, and H2O were applied to the surfaces of wood-based panels to obstruct formaldehyde release. The Si/Al, Na/Al, and H2O/Na2O molar ratios of the coatings were regulated to

X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry have been used to study the products of nickel-containing pyrrhotite tailings oxidation by oxygen in the air. The kinetic triplets of oxidation, namely, activation energy (Ea), pre-exponential factor (A), and reaction model (f(α)) being a

The aim of this study was to investigate the phase transformation and kinetics of the solid-state reaction of CaO-V2O5, which is the predominant binary mixture involved in the vanadium recovery process. Thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry were used to characterize the solid-state reaction of the samples. The extent of the

The present study focuses on interface microstructure and joint formation. AA6061 aluminum alloy (Al) and commercial pure titanium (Ti) joints were welded by ultrasonic spot welding (USW). The welding energy was 1100–3200 J. The Al-Ti joint appearance and interface microstructure were observed mainly via optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that a good

A series of laboratory investigations are conducted to analyze the effect of flocculant type on the spatial morphology and microstructural characteristics of flocs during the flocculation and settling of tailings. Four flocculant types (i.e., ZYZ, JYC-2, ZYD, and JYC-1) are considered in this study. The fractal characteristics and internal structures of tailings flocs with different flocculant types

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial

The recycling of spent LiFePO4 batteries has received extensive attention due to its environmental impact and economic benefit. In the pretreatment process of spent LiFePO4 batteries, the separation of active materials and current collectors determines the difficulty of the recovery process and product quality. In this work, a facile and efficient pretreatment process is first proposed. After only

Cu-graphene (Gr) composite thin films were prepared by electrodeposition route using in-house synthesized Gr sheets. The Gr sheets were synthesized by the electrochemical exfoliation route using 1 M HClO4 acid as electrolyte. The Gr sheets were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission

Reducing NOx emission of iron ore sintering process in a cost effective manner is a challenge for the iron and steel industry at present. Effects of the proportion of mill scale and coke breeze on the NOx emission, strength of sinter, and sinter indexes were studied by combustion and sinter pot tests. Results showed that the peak value of NO concentration, total of NO emission, and fuel-N conversion

The interfacial microstructure evolution of 12Cr1MoV/TP347H dissimilar steel welded joints with a nickel-based filler metal during aging was studied in detail to elucidate the mechanism of premature failures of this kind of joints. The results showed that not only a band of granular Cr23C6 carbides were formed along the fusion boundary in the ferritic steel during aging, but also a large number of

Al2O3 nanoparticles and MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 nanocomposite powder (M = Ni, Co, or NiCo) were produced using high-energy ball milling. The MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 coating was deposited by selecting an optimum nanocomposite powder as feedstock for high-velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying. The morphological and microstructural examinations of the Al2O3 nanoparticles and the commercial MCrAlY and MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3

Surface deterioration occurs more easily in nickel-rich cathode materials with the increase of nickel content. To simultaneously prevent deterioration of active cathode materials and improve the electrochemical performance of the nickel-rich cathode material, the surface of nickel-rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material is decorated with the stable structure and conductive Li3PO4 by a facile method

The evolution behavior of the γ″ phase of IN718 superalloy in a temperature/stress coupled field was investigated. Results showed that the coarsening rate of the γ″ phase was significantly accelerated in the temperature/stress coupled field. Based on the detail microstructural and crystal defect analysis, it was found that the coarsening rate of the γ″ phase with applied stress was significantly higher

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a typical by-product of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers during acid digestion. The application of cemented paste backfill (CPB) has been feasibly investigated for the remediation of PG. The present study evaluated fluorine immobilization mechanisms and attempted to construct a related thermodynamic and geochemical modeling to describe the related stabilization performance

The production process of iron and steel is accompanied by a large amount of energy production and consumption. Optimal scheduling and utilization of these energies within energy systems are crucial to realize a reduction in the cost, energy use, and CO2 emissions. However, it is difficult to model and schedule energy usage within steel works because different types of energy and devices are involved

Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technology are the key elements of the intelligent construction of iron and steel production warehouse. This paper puts forward a whole set of intelligent scheme for bar warehouse crane for the guidance of metallurgical process engineering, including cluster rapid self-awareness technology of the smart crane, precise self-executing technique of crane with

The mass transfer among the multiphase interactions among the steel, slag, lining refractory, and nonmetallic inclusions during the refining process of a bearing steel was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical kinetic prediction. Experiments on the system with and without the slag phase were carried out to evaluate the influence of the refractory and the slag on the mass transfer. A mathematical

Considering the precise composition control on the vacuum refining of high-Mn steel, the behaviors of both Mn evaporation and nitrogen removal from molten Mn steel were investigated via vacuum slag refining in a vacuum induction furnace. It was found that the reaction interfaces of denitrification and Mn evaporation tend to migrate from the surface of slag layer to the surface of molten steel with

After nearly one hundred years of research, metallurgy (metallurgical science and engineering) has gradually become a system with three levels of knowledge: (1) micro metallurgy at the atomic/molecular scale, (2) process metallurgy at the procedure/device, and (3) macro-dynamic metallurgy at the full process/process group. Macro-dynamic metallurgy development must eliminate the concept of an “isolated

Against the realistic background of excess production capacity, product structure imbalance, and high material and energy consumption in steel enterprises, the implementation of operation optimization for the steel manufacturing process is essential to reduce the production cost, increase the production or energy efficiency, and improve production management. In this study, the operation optimization

To deal with the increasing demand for low-volume customization of the mechanical properties of cold-rolled products, a two-way control method based on mechanical property prediction and process parameter optimization (PPO) has become an effective solution. Aiming at the multi-objective quality control problem of a company’s cold-rolled products, based on industrial production data, we proposed a process

The quantitative evaluation of multi-process collaborative operation is of great significance for the improvement of production planning and scheduling in steelmaking-continuous casting sections (SCCSs). However, this evaluation is difficult since it relies on an in-depth understanding of the operating mechanism of SCCSs, and few existing methods can be used to conduct the evaluation, due to the lack

In order to promote the intelligent transformation and upgrading of the steel industry, intelligent technology features based on the current situation and challenges of the steel industry are discussed in this paper. Based on both domestic and global research, functional analysis, reasonable positioning, and process optimization of each aspect of steel making are expounded. The current state of molten

In the prediction of the end-point molten steel temperature of the ladle furnace, the influence of some factors is nonlinear. The prediction accuracy will be affected by directly inputting these nonlinear factors into the data-driven model. To solve this problem, an improved case-based reasoning model based on heat transfer calculation (CBR-HTC) was established through the nonlinear processing of these

Steel production involves the transfer and transformation of material and energy at different levels, structures, and scales, and this process incurs substantial information in the material and energy dimensions. Given the black-box feature of iron and steel production processes, process visualization plays an important role and inevitably benefits parameter correction, technical support decision-making

This research attempts to devise a multistage and multiproduct short-term integrative production plan that can dynamically change based on the order priority and virtual occupancy for application in steel plants. Considering factors such as the delivery time, varietal compatibility between different products, production capacity of variety per hour, minimum or maximum batch size, and transfer time

A near eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy was developed with 0.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 4.0wt%, and 6.0wt% Al-5Ti-1B master alloy. The microstructural morphology, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fracture behaviour of the alloys were studied. The unmodified Al-12.6Si alloy has an irregular needle and plate-like eutectic silicon (ESi) and coarse polygonal primary silicon (PSi) particles in the matrix-like α-Al

A facile one-step strategy involving the reaction of antimony chloride with thioacetamide at room temperature is successfully developed for the synthesis of strongly coupled amorphous Sb2S3 spheres and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Benefiting from the unique amorphous structure and its strongly coupled effect with the conductive network of CNTs, this hybrid electrode (Sb2S3@CNTs) exhibits remarkable sodium

Understanding bacterial adsorption and the evolution of biofilms on arsenopyrite with different surface structures is of great significance to clarifying the mechanism of microbe-mineral interfacial interactions and the production of acidic mine drainage impacting the environment. In this study, the attachment of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans cells and subsequent biofilm formation on arsenopyrite

Semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was proposed to directly process cold-rolled ZL104 aluminum alloys and obtain semi-solid billets. The effects of two process parameters, namely, temperature and processing time, on the microstructure and hardness of the resulting billets were also experimentally examined. Average grain size (AGS) increased and the shape factor (SF) of the grain improved as the process

Grain refinement can strengthen the mechanical properties of materials according to the classical Hall-Petch relationship but does not always result in better corrosion resistance. During the past few decades, various techniques have been dedicated to refining grain, along with relevant studies on corrosion behavior, including general corrosion, pitting corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. However

In the ironmaking process, the addition of an organic binder to replace a portion of bentonite has the potential to improve the performance of pellets. The interaction between original bentonite (OB) and organic binder was investigated. Results indicated that the micromorphology of organic composite bentonite (OCB) became porous and the infrared difference spectrum exhibited a curved shape. In addition

Thermal barrier coatings are widely used as surface modifications to enhance the surface properties of the material and protect from surface degradations such as erosion and corrosion. Ceramic-based coatings are highly recommended to increase wear resistance in the industrial sector. In this paper, an alumina-titania ceramic powder was deposited on an aluminum alloy using an atmospheric plasma spray

The chemical binder is one of the critical factors affecting ore agglomeration behavior and leaching efficiency. In this study, we investigated the effect of the type of binder and mass fraction of the H2SO4 solution used on the curing, soaking, and leaching behavior of agglomerations. The results revealed that Portland cement (3CaO·SiO2, 2CaO·SiO2, and 3CaO·Al2O3) was the optimal binder for obtaining

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. By increasing the volume fraction of reinforcements, the fraction of porosity increased. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the

Based on the characteristics of nonlinearity, multi-case, and multi-disturbance, it is difficult to establish an accurate parameter model on the hydraulic turbine system which is limited by the degree of fitting between parametric model and actual model, and the design of control algorithm has a certain degree of limitation. Aiming at the modeling and control problems of hydraulic turbine system, this

On the basis of the massive amount of published literature and the long-term practice of our research group in the field of prevention and control of rockburst, the research progress and shortcomings in understanding the rockburst phenomenon have been comprehensively investigated. This study focuses on the occurrence mechanism and monitoring and early warning technology for rockburst in coal mines

CaO-containing carbon pellets (CCCP) were successfully prepared from well-mixed coking coal (CC) and calcium oxide (CaO) and roasted at different pyrolysis temperatures. The effects of temperature, pore distribution, and carbon structure on the compressive strength of CCCP was investigated in a pyrolysis furnace (350–750°C). The results showed that as the roasting temperature increased, the compressive

Phenolic compounds are widely present in domestic and industrial sewage and have serious environmental hazards. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is one of the most promising methods for sewage degradation because of its high efficiency, environmental compatibility, and safety. In this work, we present an in-depth overview of the mechanism and factors affecting the degradation of phenolic compounds by

Functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) as extradants were employed for the separation of tungsten and molybdenum from a sulfate solution for the first time. The effects of initial pH, extractant concentration, metal concentrations in the feed were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that tricaprylmethylammonium bis(2,4,4-tiimethylpentyl)phosphinate ([A336][Cyanex272]) could selectively extract

Hot compression tests were performed on AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel in the deformation temperature range of 800–1200°C and constant strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 s−1. Hot flow curves were used to determine the strain hardening exponent and the strain rate sensitivity exponent, and to construct the processing maps. Variations of the strain hardening exponent with strain were used to

Copper matrix composites reinforced by in situ-formed hybrid titanium boride whiskers (TiBw) and titanium diboride particles (TiB2p) were fabricated by powder metallurgy. Microstructural observations showed competitive precipitation behavior between TiBw and TiB2p, where the relative contents of the two reinforcements varied with sintering temperature. Based on thermodynamic and kinetic assessments

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 µm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determined

With the increasing demand of rare earth metals in functional materials, recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from secondary resources has become important for the green economy transition. Molten salt electrolysis has the advantages of low water consumption and low hazardous waste during REE recovery. This review systematically summarizes the separation and electroextraction of REEs on various reactive

A facile approach was developed to construct Fe2O3-modified ZnO micro/nanostructures with excellent superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic activities. The effects of stearic acid (SA) and Fe2O3 on the morphological characteristics, water contact angle (WCA), and photocatalytic degradation were investigated. Superhydrophobicity results showed that WCA increased from 144° ± 2° to 154° ± 2° when the weight

Blast furnace data processing is prone to problems such as outliers. To overcome these problems and identify an improved method for processing blast furnace data, we conducted an in-depth study of blast furnace data. Based on data samples from selected iron and steel companies, data types were classified according to different characteristics; then, appropriate methods were selected to process them

Utilization of novel materials, particularly high-Tc (critical temperature) superconductors, is essential to pursue the United Nations’ Sustainable Goals, as well as to meet the increasing worldwide demand for clean and carbon-free electric power technologies. Superconducting magnets are beneficial in several real-life applications including transportation, energy production, magnetic resonance imaging

The fusion of the leaching and purification processes was realized by directly using microemulsion as the leaching agent. The bis-(2-ethyhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA)/n-heptane/NaOH microemulsion system was established to directly leach vanadates from sodium-roasted vanadium slag. The effect of the leaching agent on the leaching efficiency was investigated, in addition to the molar ratio of H2O/NaDEHP

It is well-known that the surface quality of the niobium microalloy profiled billet directly affects the comprehensive mechanical properties of the H-beam. The effects of chromium on the γ/α phase transformation and high-temperature mechanical properties of Nb-microalloyed steel were studied by Gleeble tensile and high-temperature in-situ observation experiments. Results indicated that the starting

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 reinforcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the

The reductant is a critical factor in the hydrometallurgical recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). There is limited information regarding the use of SnCl2 as a reductant with organic acid (maleic acid) for recovering valuable metals from spent Li-CoO2 material. In this study, the leaching efficiencies of Li and Co with 1 mol·L−1 of maleic acid and 0.3 mol·L−1 of SnCl2

High-temperature oxidation is a common failure in high-temperature environments, which widely occur in aircraft engines and aerospace thrusters; as a result, the development of anti-high-temperature oxidation materials has been pursued. Ni-based alloys are a common high-temperature material; however, they are too expensive. High-entropy alloys are alternatives for the anti-oxidation property at high

Lead halide perovskites have received increasing attention recently as a candidate material in various optoelectronic areas because of their high performance as light absorbers. Herein, we report the growth of CsPbI3 nanobelts via a solution process. A single-crystalline CsPbI3 nanobelt with uniform morphology can be achieved by controlling the amount of PbI2. A single-crystalline CsPbI3 nanobelt possesses

As ore grades constantly decline, more copper tailings, which still contain a considerable amount of unrecovered copper, are expected to be produced as a byproduct of froth flotation. This research reveals the occurrence mechanism of copper minerals in typical copper sulfide tailings using quantitative mineral liberation analysis (MLA) integrated with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted increasing attention because of their unique properties, including high strength, hardness, chemical stability, and good wear resistance. Powder metallurgy is one of the most important methods used to fabricate HEA materials. This paper introduces the methods used to synthesize HEA powders and consolidate HEA bulk. The phase transformation, microstructural

The oxidation pathway and kinetics of titania slag powders in air were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The oxidation pathway of titania slag powder in air was divided into three stages according to their three exothermic peaks and three corresponding mass gain stages indicated by the respective non-isothermal DSC and TG curves. The isothermal oxidation

The impact energy prediction model of low carbon steel was investigated based on industrial data. A three-layer neural network, extreme learning machine, and deep neural network were compared with different activation functions, structure parameters, and training functions. Bayesian optimization was used to determine the optimal hyper-parameters of the deep neural network. The model with the best performance

Here we present a novel approach of intercritical heat treatment for microstructure tailoring, in which intercritical annealing is introduced between conventional quenching and tempering. This induced a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of soft intercritical ferrite and hard tempered martensite, resulting in a low yield ratio (YR) and high impact toughness in a high-strength low-alloy steel.

The high strength martensite steels are widely used in aerospace, ocean engineering, etc., due to their high strength, good ductility and acceptable corrosion resistance. This paper provides a review for the influence of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steels. Pitting is the most common corrosion type of high strength stainless steels, which always occurs at weak area