The spray-formed 7055 aluminum alloy is welded by electron beam welding. Combined with the numerical simulation of a welding temperature field, the effect of different welding procedures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints is investigated in this study. Results show that the joints with good properties can be obtained under proper welding procedures. The microstructure

Copper (Cu) has been recovered from speiss generated from top submerged lance furnace process, but it was reported that the leaching efficiency of Cu in sulfuric acid solution decreased with increasing antimony (Sb) content in the speiss. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results indicate that Sb exists as CuSb alloy, which would retard the leaching of Cu

One of the major challenges for Europe’s future steel production will be minimizing the inherent process emissions in the production of crude steel based on iron ores. In this case, mainly the reduction of CO2 emissions is a focus. One promising process to overcome these problems is the hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) process. This process has been studied for several years already at the

This paper validates a methodology for the estimation of critical loads in tubular beams containing notch-type defects. The methodology is particularized for the case of Al6060-T66 tubular cantilever beams containing U-shaped notches. It consists in obtaining the stress field at the notch tip using finite element analysis (FEA) and the subsequent application of the theory of critical distances (TCD)

In cutting operations of titanium alloys, most of the problems are related to the high consumption of cutting tools due to excessive wear. An improvement of metalworking fluid (MWF) technology would increase the productivity, sustainability, and quality of machining processes by lubricating and cooling. In this research article, the authors varied the surfactant’s charge, the hydrocarbon chain length

A 1D analytical model for slag infiltration during continuous casting of steel is developed to investigate the slag behavior in the mold–strand gap. The superposition principle and Fourier expansion are applied to obtain the analytical solution for transient slag flow under arbitrary mold oscillation including non-sinusoidal oscillation mode. The validated model using literature data partially explains

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) is frequently used as an extractant in the separation and recovery of lanthanides by solvent extraction and extraction chromatography, where HDEHP (stationary phase) is fixed on an inert support and the mobile phase is an aqueous solution. Because the results of extraction chromatography strongly depend on the support material, in this study, we aim to prepare

In this paper, the X210CrW12 steel was subjected to gas nitriding to obtain a complex phase compound layer with limited porosity. The nitrided layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The fretting wear behavior and the evolution of fretting wear damage of the compound layer were studied, and the worn surfaces were

Safe and long term operation of nuclear reactors is one of the most discussed challenges in nuclear power engineering. The radiation degradation of nuclear design materials limits the operational lifetime of all nuclear installations or at least decreases its safety margin. This paper is a review of experimental PALS/PLEPS studies of different nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels investigated

In this work, the effects of line (L-scanning strategy), stripe (S-scanning strategy), hollow square (H-scanning strategy) and chess board partition (C-scanning strategy) on the performances of graphene oxide reinforced Ti6Al4V matrix nanocomposites (GO/TC4) as fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) were investigated. Numerical temperature field simulation of four different scanning strategies

During forming, thickness reduction and thermal treatment affect the recrystallization and evolution of the crystallographic texture of metallic materials. The present study focuses on the consequences of rolling reduction of a widespread aluminum alloy with numerous automotive, marine and general-purpose applications, namely Al 5182. Emphasis is laid on the crystallographic texture and mechanical

This paper presents a novel approach for edge detection and concatenation. It applies the proposed method on a set of optical microscopy images of aluminium alloy Al 99.5% (ENAW1050A) samples with different grain size values. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated based on the intercept method and compared with the manual grain size determination method. Edge detection filters have proven

Light penetration depth is a fundamental property that has been researched extensively with a large amount of materials. Among those studies, different planetary atmospheres and material phases, like plasmas, had been previously addressed, both theoretically and experimentally. However, no experimental data are available for platinum and iron gases due to the difficulties for the creation of gas state

We discuss the suitability of laser-based resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) for the characterization of soft shearing modes in single crystals of shape memory alloys that are close to the transition temperatures. We show, using a numerical simulation, that the RUS method enables the accurate determination of the c′ shear elastic coefficient, even for very strong anisotropy, and without being sensitive

Research on corrosion resistance of cast aluminum alloys is reviewed in this article. The effect of the main microstructural features of cast aluminum alloys such as secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), eutectic silicon morphology, grain size, macrosegregation, microsegregation, and intermetallic compounds is discussed. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of cast aluminum alloys obtained by modern

With the need for eco-friendly energy increasing rapidly due to global environmental issues, there is a rapidly increasing demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG). LNG is liquefied at minus 163 degrees Celsius, and its volume decreases to 1/600, giving it a relatively higher storage and transport efficiency than gaseous natural gas (NG). The material for the tanks that store cryogenic LNG must be a

This paper aims at introducing a new nodal-integration-based finite element method for the numerical calculation of residual stresses induced by welding processes. The main advantage of the proposed method is to be based on first-order tetrahedral meshes, thus greatly facilitating the meshing of complex geometries using currently available meshing tools. In addition, the formulation of the problem

The deformation mechanisms of Ti-10Mo (wt.%) alloy subjected to different quasi-hydrostatic pressure values were investigated under constrained compression using stage of high-pressure torsion apparatus. Deformation products contain {332}<113> mechanical twinning, stress-induced α″ martensitic phase and stress-induced ω phase. A volume expansion accompanied stress-induced α″ martensitic phase transformation

The consideration of anisotropic and asymmetric tension-compression behaviour in some materials has proved to be of great importance for the modelling of plastic behaviours that allow for accurate results in sheet metal forming analysis. However, obtaining this compression behaviour of a sheet metal in the principal plane directions is one of the most complex aspects from an experimental point of view

A new hot forming process of a hot-rolled 2205 duplex stainless/AH36 low-carbon steel bimetal composite (2205/AH36 BC) was proposed in this study, using the Gleeble 3500 thermal-mechanical simulator and hot bending tools. The deformation characteristics of 2205/AH36 BC were studied by hot tensile tests at temperatures from 950 to 1250 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 1 s–1. The tensile temperature

Extreme temperature change has generally been the great challenge to spacecraft electronic components, particularly in long, periodic, deep-space exploration missions. Hence, researchers have paid more attention to the reliability of component packaging materials. In this study, the microstructure evolution on the interface of Cu/Ni/Au/Au-12Ge/Au/Ni/Cu joints, as well as the effects of extreme thermal

The purity of rare earth metals is one of the most important factors to research and develop high technique materials. However, high purity rare earth metals are not easily achieved. This review summarizes the preparation and purification methods of rare earth metals. First, the preparation principle and process of molten salt electrolysis and metal thermal reduction are introduced. The main sources

Ceramic-metal composites with novel performance are desirable materials; however, differences in their properties result in difficulties in joining. In this study, the joining of metal to ceramic is investigated. We recently succeeded in causing super-spread wetting on the surface fine crevice structures of metal surfaces produced by both laser irradiation and reduction-sintering of oxide powders.

Friction at the interface between strips and dies is an important factor influencing the formability of strip or sheet forming. In this study, the frictional behaviors of strips at variant speeds were investigated using a self-developed strip friction test machine with a dual tension mechanism. This friction test machine, stretching a strip around a cylindrical friction wheel, was used to investigate

Based on the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) and Taguchi method (TM), this paper analyzes the tooth surface contact stress (TSCS) of spur gears with three different influence factors: tooth profile deviations (TPD), meshing errors (ME) and lead crowning modifications (LCM), especially researching and analyzing the interactions between TPD, ME and LCM and their degree of influence

Gas tungsten arc (GTA) weldability of rolled CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) was conducted using stainless steel (STS) 308L and HEA fillers. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the welds were examined to determine GTA weldability of the rolled HEA. The welds had no macro-defects, and component behaviour between base metal (BM) and weld metal (WM) showed significant differences in the

Tanks play an important role in storing crude oil. Therefore, the maintenance and service life of tanks are very important for oil companies. In this regard, knowledge on the state of the critical conditions of various existing defects, such as cracks and pitting corrosion defects, can play an essential role in providing a better service to these huge metal structures. In the present research, the

The segregation of P and S to grain boundaries (GBs) in fcc Cu has implications in diverse physical-chemical properties of the material and this can be of particular high relevance when the material is employed in high performance applications. Here, we studied the segregation of P and S to the symmetric tilt Σ9 (22¯1¯) [110], 38.9° GB of fcc Cu. This GB is characterized by a variety of segregation

Two super duplex stainless steels (SDSS) with different W content, namely UNS S32750 (W-free) and UNS S39274 (2.1 wt.% W), were tested in simulated crevice corrosion environments to determine the influence of W on their corrosion resistance. Anodic potentiodynamic polarization experiments were performed in two different crevice-like-solutions: 1 M HCl (as reference for a pH = 0 environment), and 7

Hybrid cylindrical roller thrust bearing washers of type 81212 were manufactured by tailored forming. An AISI 1022M base material, featuring a sufficient strength for structural loads, was cladded with the bearing steel AISI 52100 by plasma transferred arc welding (PTA). Though AISI 52100 is generally regarded as non-weldable, it could be applied as a cladding material by adjusting PTA parameters.

The production of multi-metal bulk components requires suitable manufacturing technologies. On the example of hybrid bevel gears featuring two different steels at the outer surface and on the inside, the applicability of the novel manufacturing technology of Tailored Forming was investigated. In a first processing step, a semi-finished compound was manufactured by cladding a substrate using a plasma

This study investigated the effect of post-weld processes including annealing and drawing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-Mn steel pipes welded by gas tungsten arc welding. The weld metal showed a solidified microstructure having coarse and elongated grains due to coalescence of columnar dendrite into welding heat direction. After post-annealing, the solidified microstructure

Local heat transfer in gravity die casting is of great importance for precision in terms of distortion, mechanical properties, and the quality of the castings due to its effect on solidification. Depending on contact conditions such as liquid melt to solid mold, a gap between mold and component, or contact pressure between casting and mold as a result of shrinkage, there are very large differences

Semisolid casting of aluminium alloys is growing. For magnesium alloys, Thixomoulding became the dominant process around the world. For aluminium processing, the situation is different as semisolid processing of aluminium is more technically challenging than for magnesium. Today three processes are leading the process implementation, The Gas-Induced Superheated-Slurry (GISS) method, the RheoMetal process

Aiming to investigate the role and mechanism of nano MgO on the hot compressive deformation behavior of Mg alloys, the Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca alloy (MZC, in wt%) and the 0.2MgO/Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca alloy (MZCM, in wt%) were investigated systematically in the temperature range of 523–673 K and the strain rate range of 0.001–1 s−1. MZCM shows finer grains and second phase because of the refinement effects of added MgO

Nickel-Copper (Ni-Cu) alloys exhibit simultaneously high strength and toughness, excellent corrosion resistance, and may show good wear resistance. Therefore, they are widely used in the chemical, oil, and marine industries for manufacturing of various components of equipment, such as: drill collars, pumps, valves, impellers, fixtures, pipes, and, particularly, propeller shafts of marine vessels. Processing

As an important advanced machining process, in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) certain fundamental issues remain need to be studied in-depth, such as the effect of part surface roughness on heat transfer mechanisms. In the WEDM process, roughing cut wire goes into the workpiece to do the first shaping and in trim cut the wire sweeps on the outer surface to improve the surface roughness.

A major challenge in processing 7xxx series aluminum alloys is their limited formability at room temperature. In this paper, for the alloys EN AW-7020 and EN AW-7075, various variants of the W-temper forming process are investigated. For both alloys, a good cold formability and a high strength after aging can be achieved. The effects of solution heat treatment or retrogression temperature and holding

The cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, and angular deflection of a new Fire-Wire rotary file (CricENDO) were compared. A total of 20 files of each type were tested. Cyclic fatigue testing was performed for each group (n = 10) by measuring the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) in an artificial stainless-steel canal (60° angle of curvature, with a 6-mm radius) for each group. The torque and angle

Steel slag is one of the most common waste products from the steelmaking industry. Conventional methods of slag disposal can cause negative impacts on humans and the environment. In this paper, the process of steel and steel slag production, physical and chemical properties, and potential options of slag recycling were reviewed. Since steel is mainly produced through an electric arc furnace (EAF) in

The volatilization loss of manganese during the vacuum smelting process is one of the key factors that determines the manufacturing cost and quality of manganese steel. In this study, the laboratory experiments and thermodynamic calculations were performed to investigate volatilization behavior of manganese from molten steels with different alloying methods in vacuum process. Based on the thermodynamic

The present work investigates the relationship between fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) and stress intensity factor range (∆K) using machine learning models with the experimental fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) data of cryo-rolled Al 2014 alloy. Various machine learning techniques developed recently provide a flexible and adaptable approach to explain the complex mathematical relations especially

Microstructure and property evolution of a powder-forged Fe-2.5Cu-C alloy during continuous cooling and subsequent aging were investigated to improve its mechanical properties. During continuous cooling, copper precipitates formed were consistent with the interphase mechanism when the cooling rate was less than 7 °C/s; however, the hardness of the specimen was always higher at faster cooling rates

The oscillation arc assisted by an extra alternating longitudinal magnetic field (LMF) in narrow gap tungsten arc welding is proved to be effective in avoiding welding defects due to insufficient fusion at the side walls in joining thick wall plates. The behavior of the welding arc and molten pool under the LMF is simulated to reveal the influence of the LMF on the formation of a uniform penetration

The microstructure and micromechanical properties of the constitutive phases of a particular duplex stainless steel in various processing conditions have been characterized. Hardness (H), elastic modulus (E) and H/E cartography maps were obtained by using a high-speed nanoindentation mapping technique. Small-scale H and E evolution at different processing conditions has been investigated by statistical

Tensile testing is widely used for the mechanical characterization of materials subjected to superplastic deformation. At the same time, it is known that the obtained flow data are affected by specimen geometry. Thus, they characterize the specimen rather than the material. This work provides the numerical analysis aimed to study how the material flow behavior affects the results of tensile tests.

Binder jet 3D printing (BJ3DP) is an additive manufacturing technology that selectively deposits binder on powder to form a three-dimensional green body followed by sintering process. The low strength of green body and metallurgical issues limit the manufacture of Ti6Al4V parts with high-performance and that are lightweight. In this study, thermal-bubble inkjet technology was used to print Ti6Al4V

The synergic strengthening of multiple phases is an essential way to achieve high-performance Mg alloys. Herein, Mg-Gd-Zn alloy containing four phases was prepared by rapid solidification (RS) ribbons and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructure of the alloy consisted of α-Mg, nanosized β1 phase particles, lamellar long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, and β′ phase precipitates. The microstructural

An integrated precipitation and strengthening model, incorporating the effect of precipitate morphology on precipitation kinetics and yield strength, is developed based on a modified Kampmann–Wagner numerical (KWN) framework with a precipitate shape factor. The optimized model was used to predict the yield strength of Al-Si-Mg-Mn casting alloys produced by vacuum high pressure die casting at various

In this work, new oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels have been produced by powder metallurgy using an alternative processing route and characterized afterwards by comparing them with a base ODS steel with Y2O3 and Ti additions. Different alloying elements like boron (B), which is known as an inhibitor of grain growth obtained by pinning grain boundaries, and complex oxide compounds

Vanadium carbide (VC) reinforced FeCrVC hardfacings have become important to improve the lifetime of tools suffering abrasive and impact loads. This is because the microstructural properties of such hardfacings enable the primary VCs to act as obstacles against the penetrating abrasive. Because dilution is supposed to be the key issue influencing the precipitation behaviour of primary carbides during

The microstructure evolution of Ni-based superalloys during heat treatment is of great significance for obtaining better service performance. However, heat treatment experimentation is costly and time-consuming, and sometimes fails to reveal physical mechanisms well. In the present study, a multiphase-field model coupled with an explicit nucleation algorithm was established to simulate the precipitation

Alumina-silicon carbide (Al2O3–SiC) composites of varying compositions (15, 20, 25 and 30 vol.%)–SiC were produced by the ball milling of Al2O3 and SiC powders, followed by spark plasma sintering. The samples were sintered at a temperature and pressure of 1600 °C and 50 MPa, respectively, thermally etched at 1400 °C and mechanically fractured by hammer impact. The effect of SiC additions to monolithic

The 22MnB5-galvannealed steel is extensively used in the hot stamping process to produce car anti-collision structure parts. Furthermore, the resistance spot welding (RSW) is an important process in the automobile industry, especially in body construction, and the 22MnB5-galvannealed steels are a big challenge for the joining methods because their microstructure and mechanical properties are different

By combining different materials, for example, high-strength steel and unalloyed structural steel, hybrid components with specifically adapted properties to a certain application can be realized. The mechanical processing, required for production, influences the subsurface properties, which have a deep impact on the lifespan of solid components. However, the influence of machining-induced subsurface

This paper explores the influence of sample thickness and build orientation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam melting (EBM) additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and compared to previously published work on SLM-processed material. In particular, the various mechanical properties (tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength) were investigated with attempts

The CoCrNi and precipitate-hardened (CoCrNi)94Ti3Al3 medium entropy alloys (MEAs) have attracted much attention, due to their exceptional mechanical properties, whereas the hot deformation characteristics have not been revealed. In the present study, we investigated the dynamic recrystallization behavior and microstructure evolutions of the two MEAs hot-compressed at single-phase temperatures. The

Adhesive and its aging can have influence on the Piezoelectric (PZT) elements in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. However, the current research pays little attention to the effect of adhesives in SHM systems, and the mechanism of adhesive aging on monitoring signals is still unclear. In the present study, the relationship between types of adhesives, adhesive thickness, accelerated aging

A novel steel combining the “quenching and tempering (Q&T)” process was exploited that can achieve the enhancement of austenite by interface migration during tempering the martensitic matrix mixed with films of austenite. A high uniform elongation (12%) combined with high yield tensile strength (1500 MPa) was obtained, which showed distinct advantages over all the other advanced high strength steels

For arc welding of high-strength and cold-resistant steels, the author developed an advanced design of steel wire with a micro-composite coating of a nickel matrix and nanoparticles of LaF3 and LaB6, which improves the metallurgical influence of rare-earth elements (REE) and forms refractory sulphides and oxides of REE, as well as boron nitride. The addition of 0.1–0.3 wt% La in the weld pool leads