In order to analyze the flatness control characteristics for a certain UCMW (Universal Crown Mill with Work roll shifting) cold rolling mill, combined with the actual parameters in the field, a static simulation model of the quarter roll systems of the UCMW cold rolling mill was established by the ANSYS finite element software. The bearing roll gaps under the factors of the unit width rolling force

V–4Cr–4Ti alloys exhibit important advantages as a candidate structural materials for fusion reactor first-walls and blanket applications. V–4Cr–4Ti alloys were prepared by direct electrochemical reduction of the solid mixture of V2O3, Cr2O3 and TiO2 in the molten CaCl2–NaCl eutectic at 1073 K. The influence of cell voltage, sintering temperature and electrolysis time on the electrolysis process are

In this study, TiB2/7075 aluminum matrix composites were prepared via in situ synthesis. It was found that TiB2 particles are mainly quadrate. Large TiB2 particles (1–2 μm) agglomerate at grain boundaries, but most of the particles are on the submicron scale. Adding 4.5 wt.% TiB2 particles effectively optimizes α-Al grains in the 7075 aluminum alloy. By combining in situ reinforcing particles with

Due to the increasing demand for battery raw materials such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium, the extraction of these metals not only from primary, but also from secondary sources like spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly important. One possible approach for an optimized recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs is a combined pyro- and hydrometallurgical process. According

In view of the serious splashing problem in the 120 ton Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) refining process of a special steel company, a coupling model of volume of fluid + discrete phase model was established to study the influence of the vacuum pressure drop mode on the RH vacuum splashing. Three different pressure drop modes were simulated, and the splash situation was described by the fluctuation of the liquid

The use of optimization algorithms to adjust the numerical models with experimental values has been applied in other fields, but the efforts done in metal casting sector are much more limited. The advances in this area may contribute to get metal casting adjusted models in less time improving the confidence in their predictions and contributing to reduce tests at laboratory scale. This work compares

The roles of microstructure in plastic deformation and crack growth mechanisms of a titanium alloy with a trimodal microstructure have been systematically investigated. The results show that thick intragranular α lath and a small number of equiaxed α phases avoid the nucleation of cracks at the grain boundary, resulting in branching and fluctuation of cracks. Based on electron back-scattered diffraction

The current metallic biomaterial still presents failures associated with the bulk alloy and the interface of material/human body. In previous studies, titanium alloy with tantalum showed the elastic modulus decrease in comparison with that of commercially pure (cp) titanium. In this study, surface modification on Ti-30Ta alloy was investigated. Titanium and tantalum were melted, homogenized, cold-worked

To obtain the good flatness of hot-rolled stainless-steel strips, high-precision shape control has always been the focus of research. In hot rolling, the quadratic wave (centre buckle and edge wave) can usually be controlled effectively. However, the quarter buckle of the strip is still a challenge to solve. In this paper, a prediction model of roll deflection and material flow is established to study

The research trend in additive manufacturing (AM) has evolved over the past 30 years, from patents, advances in the design, and layer-by-layer materials, to technologies. However, this evolution is faced with some barriers, such as the implementation of additive manufacturing (AM) in operations, its productivity limitations, and economic and social sustainability. These barriers need to be overcome

The production of aluminum-carbon steel and aluminum-stainless steel clads is challenging, and explosive welding is one of the most suitable processes to achieve them. The present work aims to investigate the coupled effect of two strategies for optimizing the production of these clads by explosive welding: the use of a low-density interlayer and the use of a low-density and low-detonation velocity

The influence of isothermal annealing on the strain rate sensitivity (SRS) of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated by nanoindentation. A more positive SRS is observed with a decrease in the content of the free volume (FV) of the sample. Furthermore, the SRS becomes nearly constant with increasing annealing time when the FV is annealed out. By taking into consideration the FV-assisted

In this study, five MgZnCa alloys with low alloy content and high biocorrosion resistance were investigated during thermomechanical processing. As documented by microhardness and tensile tests, high pressure torsion (HPT)-processing and subsequent heat treatments led to strength increases of up to 250%; as much as about 1/3 of this increase was due to the heat treatment. Microstructural analyses by

The Small Modular Dual Fluid Reactor (SMDFR) is a novel molten salt reactor based on the dual fluid reactor concept, which employs molten salt as fuel and liquid lead/lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) as coolant. A unique design of this reactor is the distribution zone, which locates under the core and joins the core region with the inlet pipes of molten salt and coolant. Since the distribution zone has

Sanicro 25 austenitic heat-resistant steel is expected to be used in superheaters and reheaters for ultra-supercritical power plants above 600 °C due to its excellent structural stability and high temperature mechanical properties. In this paper, the effects of Co and W on the structural stability, thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of Sanicro 25 steel are analyzed by calculating the

A heat transfer model and a cellular Automation-Finite Element (CAFE) coupling model were established to analyze the solid/liquid (S/L) interface and solidification structure evolution of high purity copper Direct-chill (DC) casting billet under different casting conditions. The simulation and actual experimental results of liquid sump shape and solidification structure were first compared to verify

The microstructural evolution and alloying element partitioning in the α + β ↔ β phase transformation of Ti-17 alloy were explored under continuous heating and cooling conditions using the dilatometric method. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate microstructural characteristics and trace alloying element partitioning behaviors occurring at different

This paper presents the experimental results of Cu-Nb wire joining upon applying flash welding technology. The present research is aimed at investigating the structure, electrical and mechanical properties of butt welding joints of Cu-Nb conductors, usable for coils of pulsed magnetic systems. The butt joint structure was found to be free of welding defects. The structure of the butt welded joint provides

The transformation behavior and microstructural evolution during continuous cooling within the heat affected zone between the weld beads of a 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V all-weld metal and the corresponding 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V base metal were investigated by means of dilatometer measurements, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, macro-hardness measurements were conducted and the ferrite phase fraction

This article deals with the effect of residual stresses on the fatigue behaviour of torsion bars exposed to cyclic torsional loading with different effective loading ratios, R. The residual compressive stresses on the surface were induced during technological processes by cold surface rolling and torsional overloading (presetting) into the plastic region due to the increase in the elastic linear range

Commercially available oxidized (carboxylic groups) and nonoxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes were studied as adsorbents of cerium(III) in batch operation mode. Several variables affecting the rare earth adsorption were investigated, including: the stirring speed applied to the system, the pH of the solution, and the metal concentration and carbon dosages. Although the removal of cerium from the

High-energy ball milling was carried out to disperse 3 vol% TiC nanoparticles (ex situ reinforcement) in a high-pressure inert gas-atomised prealloyed micron-sized 6005A Al alloy (AA6005A), with a Si/Mg atomic ratio of 1.32 powder matrix. Nanocomposite powders were consolidated by hot extrusion in strip shape at 500 °C, followed by a T6 ageing heat treatment. The microstructural features of the consolidated

Erect Au nanocones with high adhesion to substrates are obtained by simply drawing from Au nano-films through Au-Si eutectic welding. Nanocones with diameters ranging from about 5 to 150 nm and length ranging from about 60 to 600 nm can be observed on both Au and Si substrate surfaces. Nano-scale Au-Si eutectics formed at the rough Au–silicon film interface under annealing at 450 °C and the subsequent

The effects of microstructural features on torsional ductility of cold drawn and annealed hyper-eutectoid steel wires were investigated. The patented wire rods were successively dry drawn to ε = 0.79 (54.7%) ~ 2.38 (90.7%). To examine the effects of hot-dip galvanizing conditions on torsional ductility, steel wires with ε = 1.95 were annealed at 500 °C for 30 s for ~1 h in a salt bath. In cold drawn

The AISI316 austenitic stainless steel die was prepared and nitrided at 673 K for 14.4 ks. Through this low temperature plasma nitriding, the AISI316 die was homogeneously hardened up to 1400 HV within its surface layer of 50 μm. This nitrided AISI316 die was utilized to print the tailored micropattern with nanotextures onto its surface by the femtosecond laser processing. Each micropattern consisted

The wall thickness eccentricity is one of the most important weaknesses that appears in seamless tubes production, since this imperfection is subsequently transferred downstream through the manufacturing stages until the final product. For this reason, in this article a finite element model of the rotary tube piercing (RTP) process is developed aimed at analysing the wall thickness eccentricity imperfection

The hot wire plasma arc welding process, a hybrid process between the plasma arc welding (PAW) process and hot wire process, is used to weld 316 stainless steel sheets, in which the temperature generated during welding is recorded in real time with a high-speed infrared thermography camera. Therefore, this research studies the factors in the hot wire process, of which there are two: (1) wire feed rate

In this study, we prepared metal hollow sphere composites (MHSCs) using metal hollow spheres (MHSs) by pressure casting under vacuum conditions, and investigated the acoustic properties. The density of the MHSCs was measured using the mass to volume ratio, the microstructure of the MHSCs was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the acoustic properties of the MHSCs were tested using an

The simplified model of numerical analyses of discrete dislocation motion and emission from a stressed source was applied to predict the yield stress, dislocation creep, and fatigue crack growth rate of metals dominated by dislocation motion. The results obtained by these numerical analyses enabled us to link various dynamical effects on the yield stress, dislocation creep, and fatigue crack growth

The variation of strain paths induces anisotropy during practical sheet forming processes, which is very important for the subsequent processing technology of anisotropic Mg alloys. In this study, two-step loading tests (tension-tension) were performed to clarify the effect of strain path changes on the evolution of anisotropy on rolled AZ31 sheet. Specimens were preloaded with tension along the rolling

Defects generated during the casting process of steel can be reduced by forming processes such as hot rolling. During these processes the effective strain, the temperature, the stress state and the alternation of the forming direction all influence the defect evolution. Analytical or numerical models are available in the literature to predict the defect evolution. However, experiments have to be carried

Changes of unsteady multiphase fluid flow patterns of liquid steel during electric arc furnace-ladle tapping operations, with simultaneous argon bottom injection, are simulated using interfacial tracking computing techniques. The impinging steel jet interacts with the argon bubbling plume, suffering mutual bending effects, and imparting non-symmetric flows of liquid steel during the whole ladle filling

The determination of three components of displacements at material surfaces is possible using surface topography information of undeformed (reference) and deformed states. The height digital image correlation (hDIC) technique was developed and demonstrated to achieve micro-level in-plane resolution and nanoscale out-of-plane precision. However, in the original formulation hDIC and other topography-based

Because of the massive work and high cost of milling experiments, finite element analysis technology (FEA) was used to analyze the milling process of ADC12 aluminum alloy. An improved Johnson–Cook (J–C) constitutive equation was fitted by a series of dynamic impact tests in different strain rates and temperatures. It found that the flow stress gradually increases as the strain rate rises, but it decreases

First Order Reversal Curve (FORC) distributions of magnetic materials are a well-known tool to extract information about hysteresis sources and magnetic interactions, or to fingerprint them. Recently, a temperature variant of this analysis technique (Temperature-FORC, TFORC) has been used for the analysis of the thermal hysteresis associated with first-order magnetocaloric materials. However, the theory

Difficulties with joining oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels using classical welding processes have led to the development of alternative joining techniques such as spark plasma sintering (SPS). SPS, which is classically employed for performing sintering, may also be used to join relatively large components due to the simultaneous application of electrical pulsed current and uniaxial charge

In the gas-metal-arc (GMA) additive manufacturing process, the shape of the molten pool, the temperature field of the workpiece and the heat dissipation conditions change with the increase of cladding layers, which can affect the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece; hence, it is necessary to monitor the additive manufacturing process online. At present, there is little research about formation-dimension

Ammonium thiosulfate is an alternative lixiviant for the hydrometallurgical treatment of sulfide gold ores. The present study is primarily focused on ammonium thiosulfate leaching of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) from the sulfide ore (Sunshin mine in South Korea). The main chemical composition of the concentrate was Au (84 ppm), Ag (852 ppm), Fe (18.9%), Si (23.2%), and S (21.1%). The effects of various

We report the discovery of a rigorous nucleation mechanism for {101¯2} twins in hexagonal close-packed (hcp) magnesium through reversible hcp-tetragonal-hcp martensitic phase transformations with a metastable tetragonal phase as the intermediate state. Specifically, the parent hcp phase first transforms to a metastable tetragonal phase, which subsequently transforms to a twinned hcp phase. The evanescent

In this work, the engineering stress–strain tensile curve and the force-deflection bending curve of two Dual-Phase (DP) steels are modeled, combining the mechanical data of fully ferritic and fully martensitic steels. The data is coupled by a modified law of mixture, which includes a partition parameter q that takes into account the strength and strain distributions in both martensite and ferrite phases

Ultrasonic and conventional fatigue tests were carried out on the AISI-SAE AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy, in order to evaluate the effect of artificial and induced pre-corrosion. Artificial pre-corrosion was obtained by two hemispherical pitting holes of 500-μm diameter at the specimen neck section, machined following the longitudinal or transverse direction of the testing specimen. Induced pre-corrosion

In transportation light metal matrix composites (L-MMCs) are used increasingly due to their improved creep resistance even at higher application temperatures. Therefore, the creep behavior and failure mechanisms of creep loaded particle reinforced L-MMCs have been investigated intensively. Until now, creep damage analyses are usually performed ex situ by means of interrupted creep experiments. However

A type of Fe-21.3Cr-3.5Al-0.5Ti-0.4Zr steel was produced for application of spot-welding location pins in automobile industry. The oxidation behavior at temperatures of 1220–1340 °C and wear performance were investigated. The morphologies and constituent phases of the oxide layers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The hardness and wear performance

In this paper, aiming at focusses on many problems existing in the mathematical model of temperature change in the low-pressure casting solidification process of aluminum alloy wheel hub, there is a big gap between the simulation and the actual temperature change, which affects the research on the solidification defects of the wheel hub. In order to study the solidification behavior of aluminum alloy

A survey of the cluster formation tendency and mechanism in transition metal-based glassy alloys is made with an emphasis on their manifestation in various physical properties. The cluster formation is partially inherited from the supercooling of the melt. However, it also develops due to the interaction between dissolved hydrogen and the frozen glassy structure. The glassy state as “cluster assembly”

The raw material for the production of Al-Mg-Si wires is wire rods, created in the Continuus Properzi line in temper T1 (cooled after forming at an elevated temperature and after natural aging). The general technologies for shaping the mechanical and electrical properties of Al-Mg-Si wire rods include two kinds: high- and low-temperature heat treatments. High-temperature heat treatment includes a homogenization

Through investigating the effect of parameters on the fatigue properties and crack propagation behavior of friction stir crack repaired 2024 aluminum alloy, we demonstrated that the fatigue strength of friction stir repaired Al2024 was sensitive to the repairing parameters and had a “V” type discipline with the rotating speed or advancing velocity. The fatigue crack growth rates of the repaired specimens

In this work, the tensile-shear mechanical behaviors of friction stir spot weld and adhesive hybrid joint were performed from both numerical and experimental viewpoints. Weld through (WT) and flow in (FI) processes were studied in this research. The focus was to evaluate joint defects, tensile-shear failure load (TSFL), failure energy, failure mode and stress distribution of the joint. In FI joints

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the process factors affecting the occurrence of lustrous carbon defects in ductile cast iron castings when using the lost-foam casting (LFC) method. This phenomenon results in creating raw surface defects, which sometimes may even lead to cast iron scrapping. A series of trial melting batches were carried out for variable process assumptions. The analysis was

In this work, an improved explosive welding technique was investigated to fabricate a thin Mg/Al plate, where an additional thin aluminum sheet was used as a buffer layer between the explosive and the Al plate, and the Mg plate was rigidly constrained by a steel plate to avoid excessive deformation. Moreover, the welding parameters were optimized using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation

Our study will be focused on stainless steel AISI 304—carbon steel ASTM A105 joints obtained by rotary friction welding and on their fatigue corrosion behavior in different testing environments. As a first thing, the joints will be characterized by microscopy and electrochemical techniques. The manuscript will then describe the optimization of the experimental setup and the validation of the testing

Fracture toughness determination of dual-phase DP450 steel using the essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology is the major focus of this research work. The EWF method is used for the determination of fracture toughness of thin sheets in a plane stress dominant condition. The EWF method is discussed in detail with the help of DP450 steel experimental results. Double edge notched tension (DENT) specimens

Aeration leaching was used to obtain synthetic rutile from a reduced ilmenite. The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 °C, contained 62.88% TiO2 and 28.93% Metallic iron. The particle size was about 200 μm and the size distribution was uniform. The effects of NH4Cl and HCl concentrations, stirring speed, and aeration leaching

Fe-Mn-Al-C steels exhibit an outstanding combination of strength and ductility, and the addition of aluminum drastically reduces the density of steels. The low density also offers the advantage of lightweight structures compared with other alloys in practical applications. The addition of aluminum leads to an increased probability of κ-carbide precipitation, which would significantly affect the mechanical

The superficial effect of hardening caused after vibration-assisted ball burnishing and its consequences in the tensile behavior of a carbon steel material are studied in this paper. As ball burnishing affects the material to hundredths of micrometers in depth through plastic deformation, the overall macro effect of this modification was studied. Different levels of preload and vibration amplitude

Dual-phase Ni3Al-based alloys feature extensive applicability even under high-temperature conditions. We selectively modified the microstructure of a representative dual-phase Ni3Al-based alloy from equi-axed grains to unidirectional grains, using a kW-class high-power laser irradiation technique. On employing the laser probe to linearly scan the Ni-9 at.% Al-16 at.% V alloy specimen, the laser-irradiated

A welded stainless steel tube is a component used in several industrial applications. Its manufacturing process needs to follow specific requirements based on reference standards. This calls for a predictive analysis able to face some critical issues affecting the forming process. In this paper, a model was adopted taking into account the tube geometrical parameters that was able to describe the deformation

This article presents the behavior of black copper minerals in reducing acid leaching using FeSO4 as reducing agent. The original sample, which was a blend of green and black copper minerals, was treated first by an oxidizing acid leach using O3 to dissolve the soluble phase (green copper oxides). The residue (mainly black copper) was evaluated by agitated leaching under three different solution potentials

Friction stir processing (FSP) has confirmed its valuable contribution to refining microstructures and the improvement of mechanical properties for Mg-Al alloys. Reference papers illustrate that post-processing aging treatments enhance hardness, but with the application of a solution heat treatment prior to FSP. In this work, aging was performed at two different temperatures (170 and 300 °C) directly

Machined devices made of titanium or titanium alloys are widely used in biomedical applications. Recently, additive manufacturing technologies (AM) were proposed to reduce the cost of parts and customise their shape. While several researchers have studied the characterisation of the machined surfaces of AM products, less attention has been focused on the study of the surfaces of as-produced parts.