One of the most important routes for obtaining Al-Bi-x monotectic alloys is directional solidification. The control of the thermal solidification parameters under transient heat flow conditions can provide an optimized distribution of the Bismuth (Bi) soft minority phase embedded into an Al-rich matrix. In the present contribution, Al-Bi, Al-Bi-Zn, and Al-Bi-Cu alloys were manufactured through this

In this paper, fiber waviness, as one of the most frequently occurring defects in fiber reinforced composites, is numerically investigated with regard to the formation of residual stresses in fiber metal laminates. Furthermore, the prediction of the residual stress state in the thickness direction by means of the simulated hole drilling method is studied. To this regard, a global-local finite element

The aim of the present work is to contribute to the characterization of the biaxial tensile behavior of commercially pure titanium, under various in-plane loading conditions at room temperature, by a non-contact digital image correlation system. Several loading conditions, with load ratio ranging from 4:0 to 0:4 and displacement rate ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 mm/s, are examined. It is found that the

Interaction of migrating {101¯2} twin boundary with obstacles was analyzed by atomistic and finite elements computer simulations of magnesium. Two types of obstacles were considered: one is a non-shearable obstacle and another one is the void inside bulk material. It is shown that both types of obstacles inhibit twin growth and increased stress is necessary to engulf the obstacle in both cases. However

Stress–strain behavior of a low carbon low alloy multiphase steel with ferrite, tempered bainite, and retained austenite was studied at different cryogenic temperatures. Results indicated that both strength and ductility were enhanced with decreasing tensile testing temperature. The enhancement of both strength and ductility was attributed to the decreased mechanical stability of retained austenite

The bottleneck of recycling chains for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is the recovery of valuable metals from the black matter that remains after dismantling and deactivation in pre‑treatment processes, which has to be treated in a subsequent step with pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods. In the course of this paper, investigations in a heating microscope were conducted to determine

At present, copper smelting slag is not effectively recycled and is wasted. Copper smelting slag contains FexO at more than 40 mass%. For the utilization of copper slag as a Fe resource, it is necessary to separate the Cu in the slag. For copper recycling from slag, FeS-based matte can be introduced to use sulfurization to concentrate Cu from the slag into the sulfide and finally recover the copper

In many applications that use high strength steels, structural integrity depends greatly on weld quality. Imperfections and the weld bead geometry are influencing factors on mechanical properties of the welded joints but, especially in the fatigue strength, they cause a great decrease. The proper knowledge of these two factors is important from the nominal stress approach to the fracture mechanics

Cast nickel-based superalloys INC713 LC, B1914 and MAR-M247 are widely used for high temperature components in the aerospace, automotive and power industries due to their good castability, high level of strength properties at high temperature and hot corrosion resistance. The present study is focused on the mutual comparison of the creep properties of the above-mentioned superalloys, their creep and

In the present study, ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced to study the microstructural and mechanical evaluation of lobes and camshaft. For this purpose, camshafts were produced in one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshaft in México by the phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. The microstructure of the lobes was studied in

The interaction of biofilms with metallic surfaces produces two biologically induced degradation processes of materials: microbial induced corrosion and bioleaching. Both phenomena affect most metallic materials, but in the case of noble metals such as gold, which is inert to corrosion, metallophilic bacteria can cause its direct or in direct dissolution. When this process is controlled, it can be

This research investigates the effect of machining parameters on material removal rate, electrode wear ratio, and gap clearance of macro deep holes with a depth-to-diameter ratio over four. The experiments were carried out using electrical discharge machining with side flushing and multi-aperture flushing to improve the machining performance and surface integrity. The machining parameters were pulse

The effect of dry grinding on 304L stainless steel’s passive behavior is compared to two other surface finishing (mechanical polishing down to 2400 with SiC emery paper and 1 µm with diamond paste, respectively). The characterization of the surface state was performed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, 3D optical profilometer, and X-ray diffraction. Results indicate

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is widely used for the consolidation of different materials. Copper-based pseudo alloys have found a variety of applications including as electrodes in vacuum interrupters of high-voltage electric circuits. How does the kinetics of SPS consolidation for such alloys depend on the heating rate? Do SPS kinetics depend on the microstructure of the media to be sintered? These

In the past decade, efforts have been focused on developing very fine, medium-carbon bainitic steels via the low-temperature (typically 300–400 °C) ausforming process, which not only enables shorter isothermal holding times for bainitic transformation at low temperatures, but also offers significantly improved strength. This paper describes static recrystallization (SRX) characteristics of austenite

Fatigue life tests and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests in the air and water environment were conducted on X80 pipeline steel welded joints (welded by CO2 arc welding). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were utilized to investigate the internal influential mechanisms of the water environment during fatigue crack initiation and propagation stages, respectively

Two-layered aluminum foam consisting of both closed and open cells is expected to improve the functionality of aluminum foam, because the cells have different morphologies and characteristics. In this study, press forming of the closed-cell layer of the two-layered aluminum foam immediately after foaming was performed to shape the closed-cell layer. By measuring the temperatures of the two layers during

This paper develops parametric accelerated life testing (ALT) as a systematic reliability method to produce the reliability quantitative (RQ) specifications—mission cycle—for recognizing missing design defects in mechanical products as applying the accelerated load, expressed as the inverse of stress ratio, R. Parametric ALT is a way to enhance the prediction of fatigue failure for mechanical systems

The article covers the issues related to the characteristics, application, and some methods of rare earth elements (REEs) recovery from coal fly ashes. REEs are elements with growing demand and a very wide range of application, especially when it comes to modern technologies. The conducted analysis and price forecast proved the existing upward tendency, and this confirmed the need to search for new

Studies on the effect of surface texture on cylinder liner wear is of great importance in many research areas due to the fact that a major part of the mechanical power losses in an engine are caused by friction in the piston-cylinder liner system. Interest from both manufacturers and customers in optimizing this mechanical system seems to be similar. The surface roughness of cylinder liners plays an

In the present study, multi-objective optimization is employed to develop the optimum heat treatments that can achieve both high-mechanical performance and non-distinctive crystallographic texture of 3D printed Inconel 718 (IN718) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Heat treatments including homogenization at different soaking times (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 h) at 1080 °C, followed by a 1 h solution

A large amount of carbon dust is generated in the process of aluminum smelting by molten salt electrolysis. The carbon dust is solid hazardous waste but contains a large quantity of recyclable components such as carbon and fluoride. How to recycle carbon dust more effectively is a challenge in the aluminum electrolysis field. In this study, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and other

Electron beam melting (EBM) is currently hampered by the low number of materials available for processing. This work presents an experimental study of process parameter development related to EBM processing of stainless steel alloy 316LN. Area energy (AE) input and beam deflection rate were varied to produce a wide array of samples in order to determine which combination of process parameters produced

Molybdenum silicides are attractive high-temperature structural materials because of their excellent thermal stability and outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures. First-principles calculations were employed to investigate the effect of alloying elements (Cr, Nb, V, W, Al, Ga, and Ge) on the mechanical properties of Mo3Si. The structural stabilities of doped Mo3Si were calculated, showing

In this work, the mechanical and bio-functional behavior of a TiNbTa alloy is evaluated as a potential prosthetic biomaterial used for cortical bone replacement. The results are compared with the reference Ti c.p. used as biomaterials for bone-replacement implants. The estimated mechanical behavior for TiNbTa foams was also compared with the experimental Ti c.p. foams fabricated by the authors in previous

To lighten and stiffen the structural components used in automobile bodies, the variable curvature local-induction-heating bending forming (VC-LIHBF) technology was developed. However, few studies have been conducted on the optimization of the structural and geometric parameters of the inductor and the parameters of the LIHBF process. This paper focuses on the improvement of the cross-sectional distortion

Aiming at existing methods unable to reveal the definition of dilution in welding accurately, such as the limited formula’s range of 0~1 mathematically, a new way which can be widely applied to various welds alloying either one or more compositions was proposed. Dilution values obtained using different methods through chemical composition analysis were compared and the effect of heat inputs on dilution

The fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of 34CrMo4 steel, a typical material for gas cylinders, has been investigated. Specimens were taken from the base material (BM) as well as the hot-drawn (HD) cylinder and cold-flow (CF) formed cylinder along the longitudinal and transverse directions. The FCG tests were conducted under different stress ratios for different materials and directions. The main purpose

The paper presents research results on the quality of hardfacing layers made during the renovation of unheated mold surfaces designed for injection of aluminum alloys using the plasma transferred arc (PTA) technology. As mold material, the medium alloy steel X38CrMoV5-1 (H11) was used. For the formation of functional layers, three types of additives in the form of powder were applied: two types on

Due to the challenging operational conditions occurring during drilling, e.g., in the oil and gas industry, the corrosion fatigue (CF) behavior of materials used in drillstring components needs to be well understood. The combination of cyclic mechanic loads and a corrosive environment can affect significantly the integrity of a material, which has to be taken into account when selecting and qualifying

The shape recovery characteristics of titanium nickelide with an Ni content of 50.0 at % and 50.7 at % were studied in a wide range of structures obtained as a result of cold drawing with an accumulated true strain of e = 0.52 and subsequent annealing in the 250 to 700 °C temperature range. Shape memory effect (SME) inducing was carried out by bending using a non-isothermal loading mode, which made

Hybrid structures have the advantage of combining different types of materials at the same time. The trend of lightweight design in the transportation industry has promoted the development and application of composite materials with good crashworthiness performance. Low-density crushable foam-filled metal-composite hybrid structures have potential advantages as energy-absorbing components. This study

The microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of the asymmetric welded joint in variable polarity plasma arc (VPPA) welding were studied and discussed in this paper. The asymmetric welded joint was obtained through horizontal welding, where the effect of gravity caused asymmetric material flow. The results showed that the grain size and low angle grain boundary (LAGB) at both sides of the

Heavy oil is considered as a multipurpose complex mineral, and the processing of heavy oils as a “complex problem”, aimed both at increasing the yield of light fractions and “transport” ability of oil, and at extracting metals from heavy asphaltene resinous fraction. The recovery of heavy metals (such as vanadium, nickel, titanium, iron, etc.) from heavy oil was performed by cavitation extraction technology

Thermomechanical processes, such as forging, are important steps during manufacturing of superalloy components. The microstructural development during processing, which controls the final component properties, is complex and depends on e.g., applied strain, strain rate and temperature. In this study, we investigate the effect of process parameters on the dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization during

The Al-V alloys were synthetized by potentiostatic electrodeposition onto a glassy carbon electrode from equimolar AlCl3 + NaCl bath containing vanadium ions at 200 °C. The alloy deposits were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The deposits were identified as Al3V and AlV3 alloys. It was found that intermetallic alloys were synthetized

Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is a second-generation advanced high strength steel grade developed for automotive applications. TWIP steels exhibit an excellent combination of strength and ductility, mainly originating from the activation of deformation twinning. However, TWIP steels generally exhibit a relatively low yield strength (YS), which limits their practical applications. Thus, developing

Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) with high specific strength have been of interest for numerous researchers. In the current study, Mg matrix nanocomposites reinforced with AlN nanoparticles were produced using the mechanical stirring-assisted casting method. Microstructure, hardness, physical, thermal and electrical properties of the produced composites were characterized in this work. According

The dynamic tensile behavior of the twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel with the vanadium carbide is investigated at different strain rates of 10−4, 10−3, 10−2 and 0.05 s−1. Microstructure characterization, carried out using back scatter electron diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), shows a homogeneous face center cubic structured matrix with uniformly dispersed vanadium

In order to clarify the role of different post-weld heat treatment processes in the manufacturing process, welding tests, post-weld heat treatment tests, and finite element analysis (FEA) are carried out for 12C1MoV steel pipes. The simulated temperature field and residual stress field agree well with the measured results, which indicates that the simulation method is available. The influence of post-weld

Aircraft skin and stringer elements are typically fabricated from 2xxx and 7xxx series high strength aluminum alloys. A single friction stir welding (FSW) pass using a specially designed tool with shoulder/pin diameter ratio (D/d) of 3.20 is used to produce dissimilar T-butt welds between AA2024-T4 and AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys at a constant travel speed of 50 mm/min and different rotational speeds

The mechanical characteristics of electrochemically deposited copper coatings have been examined by application of two hardness composite models: the Chicot-Lesage (C-L) and the Cheng-Gao (C-G) models. The 10, 20, 40 and 60 µm thick fine-grained Cu coatings were electrodeposited on the brass by the regime of pulsating current (PC) at an average current density of 50 mA cm−2, and were characterized

Intercritically deformed steels present combinations of different types of ferrite, such as deformed ferrite (DF) and non-deformed ferrite (NDF) grains, which are transformed during the final deformation passes and final cooling step. Recently, a grain identification and correlation technique based on EBSD has been employed together with a discretization methodology, enabling a distinction to be drawn

The light weight of magnesium alloys makes them a promising material in different potential industries, such as aerospace and automobile. In addition, magnesium alloys are attractive materials for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility with the human body. The applications of these alloys in structural parts require an understanding of their fatigue behavior because they are usually

To investigate and verify the degree to which the forming properties of low plasticity materials are improved at room temperature using the granular medium forming (GMF) process at 500 °C, a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian unit calculation model was established and a special mold was designed to conduct a GMF experiment for titanium alloy sheets under different-shaped pressing blocks. Then, using a three-coordinate

Air aspiration is an important cause of nozzle clogging and inclusions in final products of continuous casting of steel due to the presence of metal oxides (such as alumina) which occur through the reoxidation of molten steel. This problem is most likely to occur when the flow control system (slide-gate or stopper rod) causes the pressure inside the nozzle to drop below atmospheric pressure, drawing

To improve the bond strength of hybrid components when joined by friction welding, specimens with various front end surface geometries were evaluated. Rods made of aluminum AA6082 (AlSi1MgMn/EN AW-6082) and the case-hardening steel 20MnCr5 (AISI 5120) with adapted joining surface geometries were investigated to create both a form-locked and material-bonded joint. Eight different geometries were selected

This article focuses on a systematic study of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy in order to extensively characterize the main mechanical properties at the macro-, micro- and submicrometric length scale under different stress fields. Hardness, elastic modulus, true stress–strain curves and strain-hardening exponent are correlated with the intrinsic properties of the α- and β-phases that constitute this alloy. A systematic

Titanium alloys have been used in aerospace, aeronautic, automotive, biomedical, structural, and other applications because titanium alloys have less density than materials like steel and support higher stress than Al-alloys. However, components made of titanium alloys are exposed to corrosive environments, the most common being industrial and marine atmospheres. This research shows the corrosion behavior

The present study examined the in vitro and in vivo bone formation and adhesion ability on the surface of a titanium dental implant made by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in electrolytes containing bioactive ions. To achieve this goal, screw-shaped fabricated Ti-6Al-4V alloy implants were processed via PEO using an electrolyte solution containing calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg),

The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased in recent years. Thus, efficient recycling is important. In this study, the Taguchi method was used to find the optimal selective lithium leaching parameters for spent LIB recycling. Orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance were employed to investigate the optimization of selective lithium leaching. The experimental parameters

The influence of iron (Fe)-containing constituent particles on the behavior of fatigue crack initiation and propagation of Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Zr alloys has been studied using fatigue crack growth (FCG) tests and in-situ fatigue testing and detailed metallographic examination based on scanning electron microscopy. Experimental results show that the alloy with a low level of Fe content (2A97-T3 sheet) exhibited

In the present study, a friction welding process was adopted to join dissimilar alloys of Ti-Al-4V to Nitinol. The effect of friction welding on the evolution of welded macro and microstructures and their hardnesses and tensile properties were studied and discussed in detail. The macrostructure of Ti-6Al-4V and Nitinol dissimilar joints revealed flash formation on the Ti-6Al-4V side due to a reduction

Novel steel microalloyed with 0.73 (Cr + V + Nb) has been subjected to thermomechanical processing (TMP) with varying parameters to simultaneously maximise the steel strength and ductility. Optical and electron microscopy studies coupled with uniaxial tensile testing were carried out to analyse the processing-microstructure-properties relationship. For the suggested steel composition, the simultaneously

The microstructural evolution and properties for varied austempering routes are investigated in a cold-rolled bainitic steel. Special attention is given to the effect of retained austenite (RA) in terms of its fraction, carbon concentration, and morphology resulting from different austempering routes on mechanical properties and stretch flangeability. Bimodal sized bainitic laths are provided, and

Hot tears were frequently formed in Aluminum (Al) parts with complex structure. In this study, OM (optical microscope), SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer), and FDM (finite difference method) were used to reveal the hot tears mechanisms in the casted AC4B Al engine. Shrinkage porosities with the size of 300–500 μm were found in casted specimens near the parts’ surface

The finite element method (FEM) is a widely used technique in research, including but not restricted to the growth of cracks in engineering applications. However, failure to use fine meshes poses problems in modeling the singular stress field around the crack tip in the singular element region. This work aims at using the original source code program by Visual FORTRAN language to predict the crack

Vanadium containing sludge is a by-product of vanadium pentoxide obtained by hydrometallurgical methods from vanadium slag that can be estimated as a promising technogeneous raw material for vanadium production. The phase analysis of vanadium-containing sludge by the X-ray diffraction method showed that it contains vanadium in spinel form (FeO∙V2O3). The various oxidation roasting methods for sludge

The formation of uneven cup heights during deep drawing is called earing. This phenomenon is caused by the planar anisotropy of formability in sheets, which is the result of crystallographic texture. In addition to analytical and finite element methods, a simple and quick method was developed recently to predict the earing profile of Al sheets solely from the data of {200} pole figures. So far, the

This study presents the structural aspects of the solid-state processing of various titanium chips. The structural characterization of: (1) commercial pure Ti in the as-received state, (2) manufactured chips, and (3) products of the chip processing are presented. Pure single-phase titanium Grade4 (Ti Gr4) was processed which, among all grades of pure titanium, is characterized by the lowest possible