A Fe‐based nanocrystalline inoculant was designed and prepared via in‐situ synthesis based on material thermodynamics, where mechanical grinding in a ball grinder and heating in a vacuum tube furnace were important steps. The microstructure and mechanical properties of T1 high‐speed steel (T1 HSS) with and without addition of the inoculant were investigated using high‐resolution transition electron

The kinetics of simultaneous decarburization and demanganization of Fe‐(5 to 25%) Mn‐(0.05 to 0.42%) C alloys were investigated by bubbling a mixture of Ar‐O2 through the melt at 1823K. There were three distinct stages during the process. In stage 1, the rate of decarburization was slow, it was faster in stage 2 and slowed to an intermediate rate during stage 3. In stage 1, manganese concentration

TiC–high Mn steel‐bonded cermets were prepared by powder metallurgy techniques. The effects of (Ti0.5W0.5)C or WC on the microstructure, hardness, transverse rupture strength (TRS) and impact toughness (IM) were investigated. The results showed that regardless of the additives used, the hardness and TRS of cermets increased with the increase of W content. However, IM is not directly proportional to

The combination of a hard subsurface layer and a ductile component core is advantageous for many applications. Steels are often heat treated to create such a hardened subsurface, which is both time and energy consuming. It would be of great advantage to create a hardened subsurface directly within the machining process, as the production line of most components includes such a process to produce the

Thermal deformation characteristics, dynamic recrystallization behavior and processing map of 25Mn2Si2Cr high strength bainitic steels were elucidated during wide temperature range (850 – 1100 oC) and strain rate (0.1 ∽ 10 s−1) from flow behavior. Thermo‐mechanical analysis by Thermo‐Calc software indicates microstructure during thermal deformation is austenite, which is conducive to dynamic recrystallization

The evolution of sulfides in non‐oriented silicon steels during the heating process was investigated through chemical composition analysis and thermodynamic calculation. Evolution behaviors of sulfides were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and automatic scanning electron microscope (ASPEX). A homogeneous complex sulfide was detected containing magnesium and manganese

The thermal deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of medium Mn steel (0.15C‐7Mn) was investigated by the 2‐hit compression tests. The results revealed that different static softening dynamics are functions of deformation temperature, interval time and strain rate. The short static softening plateaus are exhibited in the static softening curves during post‐deformation holding at 950°C and

The impact on the mold flow of inert gas bubbles originating from a gas injection at the top of the SEN is investigated. Results from a physical model using water and air are compared with corresponding numerical flow simulation results. In numerical models, the bubble velocities are determined by calculating the force equilibrium between buoyancy, drag force and other forces acting on the bubbles

A channel arc model (CAM) that predicts the temperature and the geometry of an electric arc from its voltage and impedance set‐points is presented. The core of the model is a nonlinear programming (NLP) formulation that minimizes the entropy production of a plasma column, the physical and electrical properties of which satisfy the Elenbaas‐Heller equation and Ohm’s law. The radiative properties of

The microstructural evolution for varied austenitizing temperature is investigated in a TRIP aided bainitic steel. Special attention is given to the effect of microstructural constituents on mechanical properties and local formabilities (stretch flangeability and bendability). With the decreasing of austenitizing temperature, proeutectoid ferrite is formed due to the refinement of prior austenite grain

The microstructural description in bainitic steel is commonly ambiguous, and the interpretation of results that originate from applied methods are usually user dependent. As in consequence, a manifold description of bainite makes it difficult to reveal structure‐property‐relationships. This is why a novel classification and quantification routine for bainitic microstructures in wire rod steel is presented

The electric arc furnace is the main process unit in scrap‐based steelmaking. Owing to its importance, numerous mathematical models for predicting the course of the electric arc furnace process have been developed. This paper reviews mathematical process models proposed in the literature, identifying the most common modeling approaches, and employed mathematical descriptions for the main phenomena

Internal void defects as shrinkage porosity, gas bubble and thermo‐mechanical cracks are usually formed during steel casting processes. These defects have critical impact on the quality and service life of hot rolled products. Study of the possibility of self‐healing of existing internal defects during hot rolling process has been of interest to industry and researchers. Prediction of void closure