(2021). Alchemy and the Early Modern University: An Introduction. Ambix: Vol. 68, ALCHEMY AND THE EARLY MODERN UNIVERSITY, pp. 119-134.

Making things by means of alchemical know-how, and the habits of knowledge used to sort, classify, and explain alchemy’s made things relied upon different traditions of learning and functioned as parts of separate knowledge networks, each making claims, in distinctive ways, to epistemic authority. When alchemy crossed the threshold of the early modern university, networks, and their epistemes, intertwined;

The chair of chymiatria created at the University of Marburg was among the earliest academic initiatives aiming to integrate chymistry into the medical curriculum. If its practical applications in pharmacy and its relationship with patronage have been examined by historians, the theoretical part of the chymiatria programme still remains to be explored. In the form of student disputations and dissertations

The University of Jena was an important locus for chymistry teaching in Germany throughout the seventeenth century. Zacharias Brendel the Elder and the Younger, Werner Rolfinck, and Georg Wolfgang Wedel were four of the Jena professors who offered courses of chymistry during this time. These four held notably divergent views on the purpose, character, and legitimate content of chymistry, as well as

Daniel Sennert (1572–1637) of Wittenberg is known as one of the earliest university professors of medicine, who advanced the study of “chymistry” (alchemy/chemistry) through his influential writings. This article first explores his treatise On the Agreement and Disagreement of the Chymists with the Aristotelians and Galenists (Wittenberg, 1619) so as to understand his view of chymistry in its detailed

Georg Ernst Stahl, an influential chymical-medical author of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, first believed in alchemical transmutation and reversed his position over the course of his career. This essay begins by placing Stahl’s early teaching in alchemy in a larger background in which German princes and academics shared intense interest in gold-making. Then, tracing Stahl’s intellectual

This article investigates the extent to which Louvain (Leuven) teaching could provide the foundations of a new learning and philosophy that included Paracelsianism and alchemy. The particular lens is through Van Helmont’s studies in Louvain, taking place in the 1590s. It shows that teaching at Louvain had a profound impact on Van Helmont’s thought. The paper further points out that Van Helmont's learning

This article provides a detailed, accurate overview of the private, and first public courses of chymistry in Paris. After contextualising the lectures of Beguin, I discuss the teaching of Étienne de Clave. This leads to Italy where his brother, Jacques, himself a chymist and physician, became the first in Italy to receive the official title of professor of chymistry. I explore new documents concerning

Current collections of the Herzog August Bibliothek (HAB) situated in Wolfenbüttel, Germany, contain nearly two thousand chymical books. Most of them were acquired immediately after publication, during a period extending from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. The acquisition of these manuscripts and printed books by the former Wolfenbüttel court was closely connected to a university: the Wolfenbüttel

The title of this article refers to exploring both the history of chemistry in Japan and the history of Japanese chemistry. The article deals with both because they are not completely separate entities. Beginning with a historical overview of the community of chemical historians in Japan, the article discusses the roles of chemist-historians and professional historians of science in the development

(2021). Compound Remedies: Galenic Pharmacy from the Ancient Mediterranean to New Spain. Ambix: Vol. 68, ALCHEMY AND THE EARLY MODERN UNIVERSITY, pp. 318-319.

(2021). The Experimental Fire: Inventing English Alchemy, 1300-1700. Ambix: Vol. 68, ALCHEMY AND THE EARLY MODERN UNIVERSITY, pp. 319-321.

(2021). ¿Entre el fiscal y el verdugo? Mateu Orfila i Rotger (1787–1853) y la toxicología del siglo XIX. Ambix: Vol. 68, ALCHEMY AND THE EARLY MODERN UNIVERSITY, pp. 325-326.

(2021). The Chemical Age. How Chemists Fought Famine and Disease, Killed Millions, and Changed Our Relationship with the Earth. Ambix: Vol. 68, ALCHEMY AND THE EARLY MODERN UNIVERSITY, pp. 327-328.

(2021). Morris Award 2021. Ambix: Vol. 68, ALCHEMY AND THE EARLY MODERN UNIVERSITY, pp. 329-330.

ABSTRACT Mechanical losses consume about 40% of the total energy developed by a typical automotive engine. The piston–cylinder system accounts for 50% of the engine frictional losses, of which 70% to 80% is attributed to the piston rings. Inadequate lubrication in the parts of the engine reduces the reliability of engines, since high wear, seizure, or catastrophic failure of the components may occur

Lithium has become an element of great relevance in recent times, because among its various applications is the manufacture of batteries, and it is a vital part of the growing development of new products such as electric vehicles. On the other hand, the geographical distribution of lithium reserves is very heterogeneous. Of the existing minerals, only some of them are important sources of exploitation

Molecular dynamic simulations of polyacrylic acid polyelectrolyte (PAA) analyzed its interaction with the main minerals that make up characteristic tailings of the mining industry, in this case, quartz, kaolinite, and montmorillonite. The simulations were carried out with the package Gromacs 2020.3. The interaction potentials used were General AMBER Force Field (GAFF) for PAA and CLAYFF-MOH for mineral

This study investigates the in situ alloying of a Ni-based superalloy processed by means of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). For this purpose, Inconel 625 powder is mixed with 1 wt.% of Ti6Al4V powder. The modified alloy is characterized by densification levels similar to the base alloy, with relative density superior to 99.8%. The material exhibits Ti-rich segregations along the melt pool contours

In this study, to evaluate the effect of boron carbide (B4C) addition on the wear performance of aluminum (Al), Al6061 and 5, 10, and 20 vol.% B4C/Al6061 composites were manufactured using the stir casting and hot rolling processes. B4C particles were randomly dispersed during the stir casting process; then, B4C particles were arranged in the rolling direction using a hot rolling process to further

During the pyrometallurgical extraction of copper, a significant fraction of this metal is lost with discard slag, which decreases profits and overall copper recovery. These copper losses can be reduced by using a settling furnace, in which suspended droplets containing copper separate from slag under the influence of gravity. An industrial trial was conducted in a settling furnace to increase the

The present work compared the initial stages of corrosion process development on the AM60-AlN metal matrix nanocomposite surface and on AM60, during their exposure for 30 days to simulated acid rain solution (SAR). The AlN nanoparticles were observed as “attached” to those of Mn-rich AlMn intermetallic particles, forming clusters. The introduction of 1.0 wt.% AlN (≈ 80 nm) in the AM60 alloy carried

Bearing significant concentrations of high value and critical metals, superalloy scraps require comprehensive recycling for metal reclamation. In this study, nickel-based superalloy was treated with molten Mg-Zn for the selective extraction of nickel. The influence of heating temperature, the molar ratio of Mg to Zn in the molten metal, Mg-Zn/superalloy mass ratio, and heating time on metal extraction

The fabrication of soft magnetic Fe parts by the medium-frequency electrical resistance sintering (MF-ERS) technique is studied in this paper. This consolidation technique involves the simultaneous application to metallic powders of pressure and heat, the latter coming from the Joule effect of a low-voltage and high-intensity electric current. Commercially pure iron powder was used in the consolidation

Aluminum alloy has been widely used due to its excellent workability, and double-pulse metal inert gas welding (MIG) has become a popular technique in aluminum alloy welding. In this study, a cross-complementary test was performed to study the effect of double-pulse characteristics on weld bead formation and mechanical properties in MIG welding. The test was carried out on an AA6061 aluminum alloy

A large amount of packaging used mainly in the food industry is obtained by technologies that involve the use of machines such as those that cut with flexible die. The durability of the flexible die is a very important aspect and in this regard the purpose of the research was to identify technologies for its development. Thus, the research considered the analysis of the durability of the knives made

Nowadays, solving the problem of rational, integrated use of the mined raw materials, the transition to waste-free technologies for its processing is a crucial task. The sulfuric acid technology used for the processing of apatite concentrates on a large industrial scale does not provide the associated extraction of accompanying valuable components—rare earth metals (REM). During apatite concentrate

A review of the present understanding on high-density bulk metallic glass (BMG) composites with a specific emphasis on their application in kinetic energy (KE) penetrators is presented. The paper deals with materials requirement for producing KE penetrator and the need to use high-density BMG to enhance the depth of penetration using the concept of “self-sharpening” behavior caused by shear band formation

In this work, composite Ni–P-multiwalled carbon nanotube films were produced by electroless deposition. The main goal was to investigate the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotube loading on the local electrochemical behavior of the composite films, as probed by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The coatings were also characterized with respect to their crystalline structure, surface, and

In this study, two compounds of TiNb2O7 and Ti2Nb10O29 were successfully synthesized by mechanochemical method and post-annealing as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The effect of annealing atmosphere on the morphology, particle size, and electrochemical characteristics of two compounds was investigated. For these purposes, the reactive materials were milled under an argon atmosphere with

The influence of hydrogen on the mechanical performance of a hot-rolled martensitic steel was studied by means of constant extension rate test (CERT) and constant load test (CLT) followed with thermal desorption spectroscopy measurements. The steel shows a reduction in tensile strength up to 25% of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at critical hydrogen concentrations determined to be about 1.1 wt.ppm

Ti-Al alloys have good prospects in the aerospace, automobile, and other fields because of their excellent mechanical properties. However, the lack of high temperature oxidation resistance limits their practical applications. Various ways have been used to study their oxidation behaviors. Besides numerous experimental studies focused on the oxidation resistance properties of Ti-Al alloys, theoretical

Generated by zinc hydrometallurgical production and containing several toxic species, jarosite has been little used or beneficiated to date. Utilization of jarosite can save mining resources by producing valuable products, and reduce potential hazards from jarosite disposal. To avoid high energy consumption as in the roasting steps of the current jarosite process, hydrometallurgy has been used in the

A series of different modifiers infused Dy3+ ions doped Alkali lead bismuth borate glasses were synthesized and their potential for photonic applications were analyzed through some mandatory characterizations like XRD, FTIR, Raman, optical absorption, photoluminescence and decay measurements. In this work, effort was taken to show the structural differences that occur in the host network when different

Nano-CuO have been grown on the surface of CdS nanorods by a simple solution-phase reaction, which greatly enhanced the hydrogen evolution ability of CdS. The physical chemistry properties of CuO/CdS nanocomposites were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS and electrochemical methods. The morphology and crystal structure of CdS were not influenced by the loading of Nano-CuO. And it was helpful to

Optical thermometry via luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) is often explored in the visible spectrum range of trivalent rare earth doped materials but much less so in the near infrared region. This work range, which can be explored in Nd3+ and Yb3+ doped materials, overlaps with the first and second biological window thus making these thermometers interesting for bio applications. In this work, proof

Magnetic-loss type electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials have been always focused on EMW absorbing field due to their excellent magnetic loss properties. However, the impedance mismatching issue still restrict the utilization for those materials. In this work, Ce2Fe17N3-δ was synthesized and further coated by silica (Ce2Fe17N3-δ@SiO2) for optimizing impedance matching and EMW absorbing performance

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition (FCVAD) techniques were employed to fabricate a ZrO2/Cr composite coating on pure zirconium. The steam oxidation properties of bare and ZrO2/Cr-coated pure Zr were performed in water vapor environment at 900–1100 °C. Their morphologies, microstructures and phase constituents before and after steam oxidation were analyzed

Cu-50 at% Co and Cu-68.5 at% Co metastable monotectic Cu–Co alloys have been rapidly solidified in a 6.5 m drop tube facility under nitrogen atmosphere. Microstructural evidences proved that liquid phase separation occurred in the alloys as predicted by the phase diagram of the alloy system. As well as liquid phase separated structures, substantial amount of dendrites were also observed. The resulting

The present study investigates the impact of novel ultrasonic-assisted squeeze casting parameters on the fabrication of AA2014/Al2O3 nanocomposites using the Taguchi Grey response surface methodology. The experiments were carried out using Taguchi's L16 orthogonal array, with five different controllable parameters of ultrasonic-assisted squeeze casting process such as ultrasonic power (1.5–2.25 kW)

Significant cost and time savings may be realised if multiple weld repairs are undertaken at the same location during the long-term maintenance of naval vessels. Consequently, this investigation simulates full-thickness hull welds, which are required to facilitate the removal and subsequent replacement of hull sections, by assessing the effects of 4 reoccurring weld repairs on a propriety quenched

Bismuth substituted nickel ferrite (NiFe2−xBixO4 at x = 0.0–1.0) nanoparticles are synthesised by co-precipitation method. The crystal structure, grain size, morphology and magnetic properties are analysed by using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and VSM. XRD confirm the crystalline nature with single-phase cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size calculated using Debye Scherrer and modified Scherrer formula

The increasing demands for lightweight design in the transport industry have led to an extensive use of lightweight materials such as aluminium alloys. The forming of aluminium sheets however presents significant challenges due to the low formability and the increased susceptibility to galling. The use of tailored workpieces and controlled die roughness surfaces are common strategies to improve the

The 2XXX Al alloys are characterized by their superior mechanical properties resulting from alloying elements and precipitation hardening treatments. The AA2524-T3 alloy was developed to replace the AA2024-T3 alloy in the aerospace industry. However, both alloys present many intermetallic particles (IMCs) in their microstructure, and this is the main reason for their high susceptibility to localized

The Activated Tungsten Inert Gas welding (A-TIG) technique is characterized by its capability to impart enhanced penetration in single pass welding. Weld bead shape achieved by A-TIG welding has a major part in deciding the final quality of the weld. Various machining variables influence the weld bead shape and hence an optimum combination of machining variables is of utmost importance. The current

The effects of five alkyl hydroxamates (hexyl hydroxamate (C6), octyl hydroxamate (C8), decyl hydroxamate (C10), dodecyl hydroxamate (C12) and tetra-decyl hydroxamate (C14)) with different carbon chain lengths on the flotation behaviour of cassiterite have been studied by using theoretical and experimental methods. Microflotation tests results showed that increasing the carbon chain length improved

X-ray computed microtomography (X-CT) and U-net convolutional neural network (U-net CNN) were used to characterize and segment the three-dimensional structure of MC and M23C6 carbides. The volume fraction of MC and M23C6 carbides, the percentage of MC carbides in all carbides, and the size of MC carbides were statistically analyzed. We found that the MC carbides were mainly distributed at the interface