Wine growing needs to adapt to confront climate change. In fact, the lack of water becomes more and more important in many regions. Whereas vineyards have been located in dry areas for decades, so they need special resilient varieties and/or a sufficient water supply at key development stages in case of severe drought. With climate change and the decrease of water availability, some vineyard regions

Recently, the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) technique is widely used for quantifying the land surface deformation, which is very important to assess the potential impact on social and economic activities. Radar satellites operate in different wavelengths and each provides different levels of vertical displacement accuracy. In this study, the accuracies of Sentinel-1

Airspace is a key but not well-understood habitat for many animal species. Enormous amounts of insects and birds use the airspace to forage, disperse, and migrate. Despite numerous studies on migration, the year-round flight activities of both birds and insects are still poorly studied. We used a 2 year dataset from a vertical-looking radar in Central Europe and developed an iterative hypothesis-testing

In this study, the Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) clear-sky microwave temperature sounder-2 (MWTS-2) radiances were directly assimilated in the regional mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system. The assimilation experiments were conducted to compare the track errors of typhoon Lekima from uses of the Advanced Microwave Sounding

The intra-tidal variations of a tidal front in Bungo Channel, Japan and their dependence on the spring–neap tidal cycle and month were analyzed utilizing high-resolution (~2 km) hourly sea surface temperature (SST) data obtained from a Himawari-8 geostationary satellite from April 2016 to August 2020. A gradient-based front detection method was utilized to define the position and intensity of the front

The results of earthquake prediction largely depend on the quality of data and the methods of their joint processing. At present, for a number of regions, it is possible, in addition to data from earthquake catalogs, to use space geodesy data obtained with the help of GPS. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the efficiency of using the time series of displacements of the Earth’s surface according

Snow cover phenology has exhibited dramatic changes in the past decades. However, the distribution and attribution of the hemispheric scale snow cover phenology anomalies remain unclear. Using satellite-retrieved snow cover products, ground observations, and reanalysis climate variables, this study explored the distribution and attribution of snow onset date, snow end date, and snow duration days over

Forest systems provide crucial ecosystem functions to our environment, such as balancing carbon stocks and influencing the local, regional and global climate. A trend towards an increasing frequency of climate change induced extreme weather events, including drought, is hereby a major challenge for forest management. Within this context, the application of remote sensing data provides a powerful means

Agricultural runoff transports sediments and nutrients that deteriorate water quality erratically, posing a challenge to ground-based monitoring. Satellites provide data at spatial-temporal scales that can be used for water quality monitoring. PlanetScope nanosatellites have spatial (3 m) and temporal (daily) resolutions that may help improve water quality monitoring compared to coarser-resolution

Estimating variations in material properties over space and time is essential for the purposes of structural health monitoring (SHM), mandated inspection, and insurance of civil infrastructure. Properties such as compressive strength evolve over time and are reflective of the overall condition of the aging infrastructure. Concrete structures pose an additional challenge due to the inherent spatial

It is of great importance for climate change studies to construct a worldwide, long-term surface downward longwave radiation (Ld, 4–100 μm) dataset. Although a number of global Ld datasets are available, their low accuracies and coarse spatial resolutions limit their applications. This study generated a daily Ld dataset with a 5-km spatial resolution over the global land surface from 2000 to 2018 using

Numerous seismic activities occur in North Korea. However, it is difficult to perform seismic hazard assessment and obtain zonal data in the Korean Peninsula, including North Korea, when applying parametric or nonparametric methods. Remote sensing can be implemented for soil characterization or spatial zonation studies on irregular, surficial, and subsurface systems of inaccessible areas. Herein, a

Light pollution, a phenomenon in which artificial nighttime light (NTL) changes the form of brightness and darkness in natural areas such as protected areas (PAs), has become a global concern due to its threat to global biodiversity. With ongoing global urbanization and climate change, the light pollution status in global PAs deserves attention for mitigation and adaptation. In this study, we developed

Drought is one of the least understood and complex natural hazards often characterized by a significant decrease in water availability for a prolonged period. It can be manifested in one or more forms as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and/or socio-economic drought. The overarching objective of this study is to demonstrate and characterize the different forms of droughts and to assess the

As a core content of forest management, the height to crown base (HCB) model can provide a theoretical basis for the study of forest growth and yield. In this study, 8364 trees of Larix olgensis within 118 sample plots from 11 sites were measured to establish a two-level nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) HCB model. All predictors were derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle light detection and ranging

In this work, we proposed to include remote sensing techniques as a part of the methodology for natural lake bottom mapping, with a focus on the littoral zone. Due to the inaccessibility of this zone caused by dense vegetation, measurements of the lake bottom and the coastline are also difficult to perform using traditional methods. The authors of this paper present, discuss and verify the applicability

Accurate determination of phenological information of crops is essential for field management and decision-making. Remote sensing time-series data are widely used for extracting phenological phases. Existing methods mainly extract phenological phases directly from individual remote sensing time-series, which are easily affected by clouds, noise, and mixed pixels. This paper proposes a novel method

Estimating evapotranspiration (ET), the main water output flux within basins, is an important step in assessing hydrological changes and water availability. However, direct measurements of ET are challenging, especially for large regions. Global products now provide gridded estimates of ET at different temporal resolution, each with its own method of estimating ET based on various data sources. This

The uncertainty behavior of an enhanced three-dimensional (3D) localization scheme for pulsed sources based on relative travel times at a large-aperture three-hydrophone array is studied. The localization scheme is an extension of a two-hydrophone localization approach based on time differences between direct and surface-reflected arrivals, an approach with significant advantages, but also drawbacks

Flash floods are among the most dangerous natural disasters. As climate change and urbanization advance, an increasing number of people are at risk of flash floods. The application of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies in the study of flash floods has increased significantly over the last 20 years. In this paper, more than 200 articles published in the last 20 years

The estimation of micro-Range (m-R) is important for micro-motion feature extraction and imaging, which provides significant supports for the classification of a precession cone-shaped target. Under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) circumstances, the modified Kalman filter (MKF) will obtain broken segments rather than complete m-R tracks due to missing trajectories, and the performance of the MKF is

Groups of landslides induced by heavy rainfall are widely distributed on a global basis and they usually result in major losses of human life and economic damage. However, compared with landslides induced by earthquakes, inventories of landslides induced by heavy rainfall are much less common. In this study we used high-precision remote sensing images before and after continuous heavy rainfall in southern

Ship targets are high-value military and civilian targets with broad application prospects. However, the precise focusing of ships is still a difficult issue because of their complicated six-degree-of-freedom motions on the sea surface. This paper focused on investigating the effect of ship six-degree-of-freedom oscillation on Synthetic Aperture Radar imaging. Firstly, based on the six-degree-of-freedom

The regional-scale estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) over a heterogeneous surface is an important tool for the decision-makers in managing and allocating water resources. This is especially critical in the arid to semi-arid regions that require supplemental water due to insufficient precipitation, soil moisture, or groundwater. Over the years, various remote sensing-based surface energy balance

This work capitalises on the morphodynamic study of a scraped artificial dune built on the sandy beach of Porto Garibaldi (Comacchio, Italy) as a barrier to protect the touristic facilities from sea storms during the winter season and contributes to understanding of the role of elevation data uncertainty and uniform thresholds for change detection (TCDs) on the interpretation of volume change estimations

GRACE spherical harmonics are well-adapted for representation of hydrological signals in river drainage basins of large size such as the Amazon or Mississippi basins. However, when one needs to study smaller drainage basins, one comes up against the low spatial resolution of the solutions in spherical harmonics. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new approach based on Slepian functions which

Dongting Lake plays an important role in water regulation and biodiversity protection, but it is vulnerable to climate change and human activities. To quantify surface water changes and factors driving them, long-term surface water variation in Dongting Lake was investigated using the multiple spectral indices method based on a decision tree classification for full time-series Landsat and MODIS datasets

Motion estimation is crucial to predict where other traffic participants will be at a certain period of time, and accordingly plan the route of the ego-vehicle. This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the motion state by using region-level instance segmentation and extended Kalman filter (EKF). Motion estimation involves three stages of object detection, tracking and parameter estimate. We

Understanding intra-urban travel patterns is beneficial for urban planning and transportation management, among other fields. As an emerging travel mode, online car-hailing platforms provide massive and high-precision trajectory data, thus offering new opportunities for gaining insights into human mobility. This paper aims to explore temporal intra-urban travel patterns by fitting the distributions

Mapping and monitoring of Arctic vegetation biochemical and biophysical properties is gaining importance as global climate change is disproportionately affecting this region. Previous studies using remote sensing to model Arctic vegetation biochemical and biophysical properties have generally involved empirical modelling with nadir looking broadband sensors and have typically been conducted at the

In this work, we propose simple and robust technique for the retrieval of underlying surface spectral reflectance using spaceborne observations. It can be used to process both multispectral moderate resolution satellite data and also multi-zone high spatial resolution data. The technique can work automatically for different types of land surfaces without using huge databases accumulated in advance

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) mission was launched in December 2016, which can remotely sense sea surface wind with a relatively high spatio-temporal resolution for tracking tropical cyclones. In recent years, with the gradual development of the geophysical model function (GMF) for CyGNSS wind retrieval, different versions

The Agulhas Current is a critical component of global ocean circulation and has been observed to respond to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events via its temperature and salinity signatures. In this research, we use sea surface salinity (SSS) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite, sea surface temperature (SST) observations

Air quality is strongly influenced by both local emissions and regional transport. Atmospheric chemical transport models can distinguish between emissions and regional transport sources in air pollutant concentrations. However, quantifying model inventories is challenging due to emission changes caused by the recent strict control measures taken by the Chinese government. In this study, we use NO2

This paper describes a simple, iterative atmospheric correction procedure based on the MODTRAN®5 radiative transfer code. Such a procedure receives in input a spectrally resolved at-sensor radiance image, evaluates the different contributions to received radiation, and corrects the effect of adjacency from surrounding pixels permitting the retrieval of ground reflectance spectrum for each pixel of

Understanding vegetation disturbance around protected areas (PAs) is critical as it significantly affects the sustainable conservation of wildlife. However, there is a lack of analyses of consistent long-term data on vegetation disturbance. In this study, the LandTrendr algorithm and Google Earth Engine were used to access satellite data and explore the vegetation dynamics history across the Ruaha–Rungwa

The accurate delineation of urban agglomeration boundary is conductive to not only the better understanding of the development relationship between cities in urban agglomeration but also to the guidance of regional functions as well as the formulation of regional management policies. At the same time, the fusion of land relations and urban internal relations can greatly improve the accuracy of the

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. The authors would like to make the following correction of Authorship, Author Contributions and Acknowledgment [...]

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. The 9th Microwave and Radar Week (MRW 2020) was held in Warsaw the capital of Poland, on 5–7 October 2020 [...]

Nowadays, in the field of data mining, time series data analysis is a very important and challenging subject. This is especially true for time series remote sensing classification. The classification of remote sensing images is an important source of information for land resource planning and management, rational development, and protection. Many experts and scholars have proposed various methods to

In this study, the applications and the limitations of the Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) investigation have been addressed with the main objective of improving the efficient GPR application of subsurface surveys on Korean expressways. The depth of investigation and detection performance of anomalous objects have been studied using two different types of multichannel GPR on the Korean Expressway Corporation’s

Hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis has the potential to estimate organic compounds in plants and foods. Curcumin is an important compound used to treat a range of medical conditions. Therefore, a method to rapidly determine rhizomes with high curcumin content on-farm would be of significant advantage for farmers. Curcumin content of rhizomes varies within, and between varieties but current chemical

Non-linear behavioral links with atmospheric teleconnections were identified between the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode and seasonal precipitation over East Asia (EA) using statistical models. The analysis showed that the lower the lag time, the higher the correlation; more than a two-fold correlation for non-linear regression with a kernel density estimator than for the linear regression method. When

We developed a new retrieval algorithm based on the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations, called AEROIASI-H2SO4, to measure the extinction and mass concentration of sulphate aerosols (binary solution droplets of sulphuric acid and water), with moderate random uncertainties (typically ∼35% total uncertainty for column mass concentration estimations). The algorithm is based

Persistent heavy haze episodes have repeatedly shrouded North China in recent years. Besides anthropogenic emissions, natural dust also contributes to the aerosols in this region. Through continuous observation by a dual-wavelength Raman lidar, the primary aerosol types and their contributions to air pollution in North China were determined. The following three aerosol types can be classified: natural

Timely and accurate estimation of the winter wheat planting area and its spatial distribution is essential for the implementation of crop growth monitoring and yield estimation, and hence for the development of national agricultural production and food security. In remotely sensed winter wheat mapping based on spectral similarity, the reference curve is obtained by averaging multiple standard curves

Snapshot Compressive Imaging is an emerging technology that is based on compressive sensing theory to achieve high-efficiency hyperspectral data acquisition. The core problem of this technology is how to reconstruct 3D hyperspectral data from the 2D snapshot measurement in a fast and high-quality manner. In this paper, we propose a novel deep network, which consists of the symmetric residual module

Deterioration of bridge infrastructure is a serious concern to transport and government agencies as it declines serviceability and reliability of bridges and jeopardizes public safety. Maintenance and rehabilitation needs of bridge infrastructure are periodically monitored and assessed, typically every two years. Existing inspection techniques, such as visual inspection, are time-consuming, subjective

Although low-intensity forest fires are a necessary part of healthy echo system, high-intensity forest fires continue to affect the diversity of forest ecosystems and species. Therefore, it is necessary to study the driving factors of forest fires and explore their possible locations and probabilities in complex forest terrain. In this article, we determined the relative influences of different types

In 2012, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) selected the CYclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission coordinated by the University of Michigan (UM) as a low-cost and high-science Earth Venture Mission. The CYGNSS mission was originally proposed for ocean surface wind speed estimation over Tropical Cyclones (TCs) using Earth-reflected Global Positioning System (GPS)

With the remarkable development and progress of earth-observation techniques, remote sensing data keep growing rapidly and their volume has reached exabyte scale. However, it's still a big challenge to manage and process such huge amounts of remote sensing data with complex and diverse structures. This paper designs and realizes a distributed storage system for large-scale remote sensing data storage

The radio occultation technique provides stable atmospheric measurements that can work as a benchmark for calibrating and validating satellite-sounding data. Launched on 25 June 2019, the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 and Formosa Satellite Mission 7 (COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7) are expected to produce about 5000 high-quality RO observations daily over the tropics

Northern latitudes of Pakistan are warming at faster rate as compared to the rest of the country. It has induced irregular and sudden glacier fluctuations leading to the progression of glacial lakes, and thus enhancing the risk of Glacier Lake Outbursts Floods (GLOF) in the mountain systems of Pakistan. Lack of up-to-date inventory, classification, and susceptibility profiles of glacier lakes and newly

With the recent developments of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing, it is possible to monitor the growth condition of trees with the high temporal and spatial resolutions of data. In this study, the daily high-throughput RGB images of pear trees were captured from a UAV platform. A new index was generated by integrating the spectral and textural information using the improved adaptive feature

collision-avoidance is a crucial research topic in robotics. Designing a collision-avoidance algorithm is still a challenging and open task, because of the requirements for navigating in unstructured and dynamic environments using limited payload and computing resources on board micro aerial vehicles. This article presents a novel depth-based collision-avoidance method for aerial robots, enabling high-speed

The use of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) for the characterization and monitoring of landslides has been widely improved in the last decade. In particular, the use of this system is particularly effective for the study of areas prone to geohazards. Zones affected by landslides, such as rock slides and debris flows, are often quite critical in terms of accessibility due to unstable blocs

The analysis of soil and land cover scattering properties and their connection with the parameters of microwave scattering is a longstanding research topic. Recently, the advent of modern space-borne microwave radiometers like SMAP in addition to the trend towards open data for scientific use fostered the development of enhanced models based on data fusion from different platforms permitting more accurate

The multipath effect on carrier-phase observations is related to the observational environment of the station, and cannot be eliminated or attenuated by the differential method. In the actual dam environment of deformation monitoring, multipath is very complicated. It is the main error source of BDS-2 for high precision data processing. In this paper, a new method called the multi-point hemispherical

In the current alteration of temperature and snow cover regimes, the impacts of winter climate have received considerably less attention than those of the vegetation period. In this study, we present the results demonstrating the influence of the winter climate conditions on the Mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) communities in High Tatra Mts (Western Carpathians). The changes in greenness in 2000–2020

Pilot studies have demonstrated the potential of remote sensing for soil organic carbon (SOC) mapping in exposed croplands. However, the use of remote sensing for SOC prediction is often hindered by disturbing factors at the soil surface, such as photosynthetic active and non‑photosynthetic active vegetation, variation in soil moisture or surface roughness. With the increasing amount of freely available