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While reruns of old pirate movies still capture audience imagination, today's filmmakers are facing a different type of pirate. Gone is the hooked hand and parrot on the pirate's shoulder. Today's pirates are virtual and seeking virtual bounties. We will discuss the impacts “at the movies” in terms of the impact of piracy and the potential solution sets available to counteract the trends.

Reversible computation is a computing paradigm where execution can progress backward as well as in the usual, forward direction. It has found applications in many areas of computer science, such as circuit design, programming languages, simulation, modeling of chemical reactions, debugging, and robotics. In this article, we give an overview of reversible computation focusing on its use in robotics

In 1946, the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) established a Committee on Large-Scale Computing. In 1951, the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) established a Professional Group on Electronic Computers. In 1963, these societies merged to form the IEEE, and they combined their computing activities into a Computer Group. Finally, in 1970, the Computer Group became the Computer Society

This article describes the author's five decades of experience with multimedia computing and educational technology.

We discuss how, over the last 30–50 years, artificial intelligence (AI) systems that focused only on data have been handicapped and how knowledge has been critical in developing smarter, intelligent, and more effective systems. In fact, the vast progress in AI can be viewed in terms of the three waves of AI as identified by DARPA. During the first wave, handcrafted knowledge has been at the center

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For 75 years, the basic measure of computing success has been focused on improving information technology's (IT) technical know-how. Concerns about whether that know-how was being used fairly and ethically was a remote afterthought. Emerging technical know-how and its potential for genuinely harmful misuse demand that the fair and ethical use of IT must be intimately tied to the concept of success

Advances in natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision are now being applied to many agricultural problems. These techniques take advantage of nontraditional (or nonnumeric) data sources such as text in libraries and images from field operations. However, these techniques could be more powerful if combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and numeric sources of data in multimodal pipelines

This paper reviews deep learning applications in medical diagnosis and prediction, such as Convolutional Neural Networks, Fully Convolutional Networks, and Generative Adversarial Networks in medical image analysis. It further summarizes the strength and weaknesses of deep learning in medical imaging and suggests that deep learning's great potential in medical fields.

Currently, the world faces a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenge and infected cases are increasing exponentially. COVID-19 is a disease that has been reported by the WHO in March 2020, caused by a virus called the SARS-CoV-2. As of 10 March 2021, more than 150 million people were infected and 3v million died. Researchers strive to find out about the virus and recommend effective actions

Machine learning techniques are proven valuable for the Internet of things (IoT) due to intelligent and cost-effective computing processes. In recent decades, wireless sensor network (WSN) and machine learning are integrated to give significant improvements for energy-based systems. However, resourceful routes analytic with nominal energy consumption are some demanding challenges. Moreover, WSN operates

Internet of Planets (IoP) is a concept that enables solar planets to communicate with each other using the Internet. While there is a plethora of research on IoP, the delay-tolerant network (DTN) has emerged as the most advanced technology in recent years. DTN is an asynchronous networking technology that has been deployed for the networking environment in which steady communication paths are not available

Nowadays, most of the available unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are equipped with inbuilt cameras and depth sensors, which are capable of capturing images and videos of high resolution (sometimes with depth information). These images do have a wide range of applications with societal impacts, such as measurement of deforestation, mapping of damaged areas after natural catastrophes, detection, and inspection

Accordingto official statistics for 2018, in the past two decades, China has made remarkable achievement in urbanization process. However, the rapid growth of urbanization brings great challenges to the urban governance. To address the challenges brought about by massive population growth, smart cities have been proposed and continuously developed in practice. This article introduces the urbanization

Data have become an indispensable aspect of our daily lives. The demand for data visualization tools such as dashboards is driven by the desire to make data—and more importantly, the power of using data to inform decision making—accessible to all. During the current pandemic, the availability of realtime data via various dashboards at the global, national, and local levels empowered many to accurately

While blockchain applications are at a nascent stage of development in developing countries (referred to as “Southern countries” in this article), they are already having significant economic, political, and social impacts.1 Writing and implementing contracts are one area that is likely to benefit from blockchain. Specifically, smart contracts, which execute automatically when certain conditions are

In the above-named article [ibid., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 42–50, Jan./Feb. 2021], an acknowledgement statement was missing. The acknowledgement statement for the article1 is "The authors would like to acknowledge the support and funding for this project by the Deanship of Scientific Research at the University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia, under Grant RG-20155."

This article is correcting an education credential for one of the authors of the original article.

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Provides a listing of current staff, committee members and society officers.

Presents the table of contents for this issue of this publication.

Provides a listing of current staff, committee members and society officers.

Editor-in-Chief, Irena Bojanova, presents the articles featured in this issue of the publication.

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The articles in this special section focus on information and communications technology (ICT) in education.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had major implications on socially vulnerable populations, especially minoritized populations. This article examines how technology-mediated learning can both operate as a tool to rectify inequities and a weapon that antagonizes existing divides for socially disadvantaged minoritized Black students. In analyzing this subsection of the population, we discuss technology-mediated

The use of information and communication technologies in the process of learning through technological resources can be strongly motivating for students. The use of appropriate digital content through simulations and animations can facilitate the understanding of complex content. In this work, the incidence of the use of technological devices by students of the mathematics subject in Secondary Education

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In recent years, escape rooms have become one of the leading leisure activities worldwide. Derived from these activities, educational escape rooms have emerged as a new type of teaching practice with the promise of enhancing students’ learning through highly engaging experiences. The rapid rise of educational escape rooms has led to a misalignment between educators’ needs for being able to implement

Integrating information and communication technologies in teaching and learning is recognized as a relevant and promising practice. However, integration can be complex, tedious, and draining. We propose an innovative approach for enhancing teaching and learning in a simple, pleasant, and effective way: repurposing a virtual world platform to develop a simulation-based training. Minecraft Education

E-learning resources are pieces of knowledge used for achieving a learning objective. One of the problems in e-training in the workplace has to do with the lack of relevance of learning resources. Here, we define a learning resource as a resource that contains information about a task or refers to a task realized within the context of an organizational process. We describe a set of activities for the

Even as companies become aware of the powerful benefits Internet-of-Things (IoT) data can bring to their organization, the investment costs of deploying new sensors in the field keep IoT initiatives as distant goals for many firms. At the same time, firms are swimming in substantial amounts of “dark data” that are created by operational technology, transactional systems, and other “things” already

Modern mobile networks face a dynamic environment with massive devices and heterogeneous service expectations that will need to significantly scale for 5G. Edge computing approaches aim at enhancing scalability through strategies like computation offloading and local storage services, which will be fundamental to deploying large-scale distributed applications. Unlike the cloud, edge resources are limited

Network security is the main issue in the Internet of Things networks because most manufacturers do not focus on security standards during design. The performance of firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, and intrusion detection systems depend upon accuracy, thus its essentials, to enhance the detection rate to lessen false alarms. The objective of the firewall is to find violations as per predefined

To protect against web spoofing attacks, most antiphishing solutions in the literature either escape certain attack patterns or are based on complex sets of parameters to identify phishing attacks or suffer from both. In this article, we propose that phishing attacks can be prevented by simply relying on an overall visual appearance of the web page that the user sees. To realize our claim, we propose

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The human being leads to an improved lifestyle because of better healthcare facilities, which is possible by practicing “sharing.” Sharing of minimal, necessary Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with legitimate grounds have made it easier for researchers and scientists to apply statistics, develop medicines, and improve healthcare facilities. However, it invites many security and privacy concerns. The

Businesses find the need to adapt to changes in the dynamic and competitive environment. However, they are confronted by static business architecture (BA) modeling and artefacts, which are less likely to adapt and, thus, quickly become obsolete. This article proposes a dynamic analytics-enabled adaptive BA modeling framework to address this concern. This research is performed using an action design

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The ability of organizations to sense and respond to changes—defined as organizational agility—is considered by senior executives among their top information technology (IT) concerns as an important ability for organizations on their quest toward sustained competitive advantage. However, every transformation toward agility also comes at a cost, requiring resource commitment and IT landscape changes

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications, although at a nascent stage of development, are already having considerable economic and social impacts in developing countries.1 An equally fascinating and important aspect of the development of the global AI industry is that a high proportion of jobs that require relatively low skills in this industry are being performed by the developing countries. The

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Provides a listing of current committee members and society officers.

Provides a listing of current committee members and society officers.

In the early days of computer science, the community settled on a simple standard model of computing and a basic canon of general purpose algorithms and data structures suited to that model. With isochronous computing, heterogeneous multiprocessors, flash memory, energy-aware computing, cache and other anisotropic memory, distributed computing, streaming environments, functional languages, graphics

This is a critical literature review of the open-source software landscape and what purpose it aims to serve by accelerating a debate in the field of IS about what open source means and how it has transformed the social and economic landscape of the software industry. As the general population has developed an increased dependence on information technology, the necessity for quality software offerings

The use of open-source software in business development has grown in the past five years. The rise of open source software has grabbed the attention of every industry such as e-commerce, fintech, cybersecurity, telecom, automotive, aviation, etc. This study aims to investigate how companies set up an open source program office (OSPO) to unlock the potential of OSS and to show the roadmap to set up

The migration of legacy monolith systems toward a microservice architecture is a large-scale, nontrivial technical activity and investment. This shift would be infeasible without the use of robust underlying software that can sustain a big part of this work and sort the complexities involved. A myriad of Open Source Software (OSS) projects are available in the community for this purpose, however, many

Mobile systems support portable, context-sensitive, and interactive computing that empower users to perform complex computations and communications on the go. Majority of the existing software systems run on web or workstation-based (traditional computing) platforms, lacking the capabilities of mobile systems, and are referred to as legacy software. The primary contribution of this research is a process-centric

The Digital Twin (DT) is an emerging approach that promises to change the way products and systems are made and used. The DT is attracting increasing interest in the Internet of Things community for its potential applications. Despite the hype, this approach requires a more precise definition and characterization in terms of its properties in relationship to software architectures and their platform

Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a very popular method for researchers to complete large volumes of repeatable, cognitively simple tasks such as data labeling. However, MTurk is currently challenging to use for more cognitively complex tasks. This article presents a procedure to help researchers interested in using MTurk to complete large volumes of repeatable, cognitively complex tasks. By combining

Nowadays, we are at the dawn of a new age, the quantum era. Quantum computing is no longer a dream; it is a reality that needs to be adopted. But this new technology is taking its first steps, so we still do not have models, standards, or methods to help us in the creation of new systems and the migration of current ones. Given the current state of quantum computing, we need to go back to the path

Cloud platforms have been relieving users from managing their own infrastructures and simplifying the task of application development. In recent years, containerized cloud platforms further accelerate the development process and provide a fine-grained billing model. For enterprise users, many challenges exist when migrating their applications to cloud platforms. The challenges include resource isolation

Internet protocol (IP) is a part of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) /IP suite that operates below the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model and is employed as an interface between the network and data link layer. The address resolution protocol (ARP) is a protocol used by IP for mapping an IP address to the corresponding media access control address that is

Recently, the right to privacy has become an important global issue, and laws are being enacted in different countries to ensure that citizens have control over how their data are stored and used. In this scenario, corporates face an increasing burden to comply with these laws, while ensuring that their business models and workflows are interrupted to as little a degree as possible. This article presents