Those who sit in C-Suites are responsible for revenue growth and profitability. They are responsible for strategy, marketing, governance, and the management of their lines of business–regardless of the vertical industries they occupy. They are responsible for talent and technology–especially technology, which is often focused on “digital transformation,” which–when done right–is about as holistic an

Much has been written about the benefits of using blockchains for securing transactions in finance, healthcare, supply chain management and more, and some of these benefits are already being realized. But not nearly as much consideration has been given to use blockchains for records of personal transactions. That is, there is great potential for blockchains in certifying and securing the validity,

Functions as a Service (FaaS) is an ultimate expression of cloud computing. FaaS provides a significant business value proposition to users and offloads the security issues of the platform to the provider. The user is responsible for the security of their implementation. FaaS application implementations are typically subject to OWASP top 10 vulnerabilities and require corresponding security controls

Automated Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing is a fundamental part of the Verification and Validation process of every software, but it is often linked to notable maintenance costs, especially for mobile applications. The literature reports a general lack of automated testing adoption among mobile developers in the industry. In this article, we present the outcome of seven interviews centered on

Optimal maintenance is one of the key concerns for asset-intensive industries in terms of reducing downtime and occurring costs. The advancement of data-driven technologies, affordable computing powers, and growing amounts of data introduced a paradigm with the name of predictive maintenance (PdM). PdM seeks to find out an optimal moment for the maintenance of an asset, where no early intervention

The use of commercially available voice assistants (VA) that enable personal data collection on a large scale is on the rise. However, knowledge discovery on such data can lead to the violation of various privacy issues. This article presents the various stakeholders who are a part of this privacy regime, along with a detailed taxonomy of the various privacy issues existing currently in the VA world

DevOps is an emerging paradigm for information technology delivery. However, little research has examined the implications of DevOps on the theoretically based foundations for information technology governance. This article contributes to this new area of discourse by examining the challenges faced by institutions in reimagining their information technology governance mechanisms to accommodate DevOps

The Internet of Things (IoT) brings a set of unique and complex challenges to the field of Quality of Experience (QoE) evaluation. The state-of-the-art research in QoE mainly targets multimedia services, such as voice, video, and the Web, to determine quality perceived by end-users. Therein, main evaluation metrics involve subjective and objective human factors and network quality factors. Emerging

Innovating business processes by means of emerging technologies may lead to significant productivity increases and economic growth. However, each innovation involves risks and creates uncertainties, especially when this is done with still immature technologies. By conducting an expert panel followed by multiple case studies, we have compiled a list of frequently occurring obstacles with lessons learned

With the advancements in enterprise-level business development, the demand for new applications and services is overwhelming. For the development and delivery of such applications and services, enterprise businesses rely on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). APIs provide interface to enable the communication among different applications. In essence, API is a double-edged sword; on one hand

Advances in artificial intelligence and deep neural networks have led to a rise in synthetic media, i.e., automatically and artificially generated or manipulated photo, audio, and video content. Synthetic media today is highly believable and “true to life”; so much so that we will no longer be able to trust what we see or hear is unadulterated and genuine. Among the different forms of synthetic media

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Classification is a central discipline of machine learning (ML) and classifiers have become increasingly popular to support or replace human decisions. We encounter them as email spam detectors, as decision support systems, for example in healthcare, as aid in interpreting X-rays in breast cancer detection, or in the financial and insurance sector, for financial and risk analysis. For example, Facebook

Infants and toddlers have a dramatic way of communicating their needs—raising their voices. As soon as they raise the alarm, their caretakers receive and interpret the signal and take the desired action to address their concerns. Metaphorically, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are children, enabled and enriched by a 4th industrial revolution, artificial intelligence (AI), and related technologies

The articles in this special section focus on the significance and growth for artificial intelligence and its applications. AI has become one of the most transformative technologies in the world and a catalyst for systemic changes in industries, societies, and economies in our world. For IT professionals and businesses, AI is playing the same revolutionary role as the steamengine did in the 18th century

Translation ranking is inherently of great significance for machine translation (MT), as it allows the comparison of performances of multiple MT systems as well as for its efficient training. This article demonstrates a mechanism that is used for ranking the translation outputs generated by the MT systems from best to worst. To implement this approach, the system exploits a supervised learning algorithm

Air pollution has caused environmental and health hazards across the globe, particularly in emerging countries such as China. In this article, we propose the use of air quality index and the development of advanced data processing, analysis, and visualization techniques based on the AI-based k-clustering method. We analyze the air quality data based on seven key attributes and discuss its implications

Objective: To investigate the early outcomes following adenotonsillectomy (T&A); to explore the role of facial feature and demographic data in predicting early-persistence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) after T&A in children with moderate to severe OSAS. Method: Children were included from Beijing Children's Hospital. Craniofacial photograph analysis was applied to analyze facial features

A crowd can be defined as a large gathering of people at a particular place showing different types of attitudes and behaviors. Monitoring and tracking these wide varieties of people is tedious in a real environment. The crowded scenarios have a high tendency to change into an abnormal condition due to sudden external pressures such as gunshots/fire or internal stress such as overcrowding, where things

In the field of machine learning, there exist effective models that achieve remarkable results. However, it is criticized from the perspective of the end user that many successful models behave like “black boxes.” In the desire for achieving excellent performances, the models become more complicated and less explainable. In this context, a major challenge has emerged: it is necessary to provide the

The growing demand for the meaningful use of electronic medical records has led to great interest in medical entities and relation extraction technologies. Most existing methods perform relation extraction based on manually labeled documents and rarely consider incorporating knowledge graphs that include rich, valuable structured knowledge, which will cause semantic ambiguities. To address this problem

Reports on how artificial intelligence (AI) applications are being used to improve economic, social, and environmental performance in developing economies.

Technology should be assessed and piloted in a repeatable way. Teams should be assigned to pursue the following tasks: track technology-driven business models and processes; track existing and emerging digital technologies; conduct technology pilots; and govern the enterprise architecture. Formal teams will ensure a consistent, repeatable and impactful process that leverages current and existing technology

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We provide an overview of the Special Issue on current advances, challenges, and opportunities for AI technologies in agriculture. We illustrate the potential of AI using four major components of the food system: production, distribution, consumption, and uncertainty. We recognize that the transformation of agriculture will require new tools to more precisely manage fields to increase production while

Agriculture has become an information-intensive industry. In the production of crops and animals, precision agriculture approaches have resulted in the collection of spatially and temporally dense datasets by farmers and agricultural researchers. These big datasets, often characterized by extensive nonlinearities and interactions, are often best analyzed using machine learning (ML) or other artificial

The real-time detection of drought stress has major implications for preventing cash crop yield loss due to variable weather conditions and ongoing climate change. The most widely used indicator of drought sensitivity/tolerance in corn and soybean is the presence or absence of leaf wilting during periods of water stress. We develop a low-cost automated drought detection system using computer vision

We describe an AI recommender system (RS) with machine learning to harness past user choices and large volumes of data, yet account for changes in weather and management decisions characteristic of agricultural systems. Our goal is to maximize the use of data relevant to solving agricultural problems and improve the efficiency of the scientific workforce while also improving the accuracy of estimates

Agricultural systems are enormously variable in space and time. New and developing artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools can leverage site-based science and big data to help farmers and land managers make site-specific decisions. These tools are improving information about soils and vegetation that forms the basis for investments in management actions, provides early warning of pest and disease

We compare two approaches to automate carcass quality grading using different artificial intelligence methods. The first is based on image analysis, and the second uses state-of-the-art Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Both employ machine learning (ML) to increase the speed and accuracy of carcass quality evaluation. The image analysis method increased speed and accuracy for all quality

Remote sensing has proven to provide agriculture with many different assessments for crop vigor and productivity. The continual evolution of remote sensing instrumentation and platforms has provided new opportunities to use these tools in the assessment of agricultural systems. The application of remote sensing to quantify the spatial variation in production fields across the Midwest over multiple

In this present era, internet and cyber technologies have revolutionized and improved people's lifestyles completely at a remarkable rate. Having significant benefits, there are certain challenges faced by current technologies. In this perspective, one of the main challenges is not the production and acquisition of data; rather, it is the proper management, of it, including storage and analysis of

In recent years, we have witnessed a surge in new retail, which aims to combine the best of physical and online retailing using Internet of things and artificial intelligence techniques. The unmanned store is a representative type of new retail, which leverages wireless sensing and machine learning techniques to recognize fine-grained in-store customer behaviors, infer their intents, and learn their

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Phishing, user account takeovers, and other computing-related threats have made it easy for criminals to deceive people for financial and other gain. It is now considered standard practice for an advanced cyberattack, even a highly technical one, to start in a nontechnical manner: a spearphishing email deceiving an organization’s employees into providing their credentials, a watering hole website infecting

Ransomware have observed a steady growth over the years with several concerning trends that indicate efficient, targeted attacks against organizations and individuals alike. These opportunistic attackers indiscriminately target both public and private sector entities to maximize gain. In this article, we highlight the criticality of key management in ransomware's cryptosystem in order to facilitate

Fake news are becoming a growing concern for several industrial sectors and the society at large. In this article, the authors explain why people are susceptible to fake news and what types of impact fake news can cause, taking examples from the agrifood and other sectors. By providing a concise yet insightful overview in the field, the authors discuss how advances in machine learning and semantic

The surge of content (such as fake news) in the last few years has made content deception an important area of research. We identify two main types of content deception based on either fake content or misleading content. We present a classification of deception attacks along with their delivery methods. We also discuss defense measures that can detect deception attacks. Finally, we highlight some outstanding

This article discusses a joint encryption-then-compression-based watermarking scheme for copyright protection and content verification in variety of applications. In this scheme, redundant discrete wavelet transform is first performed to decompose the nonsubsampled contourlet transform host image, and then, the singular value decomposition is applied on transformed coefficients of the host image. Furthermore

The rise of ubiquitous deepfakes, misinformation, disinformation, and post-truth, often referred to as fake news, raises concerns over the role of the Internet and social media in modern democratic societies. Due to its rapid and widespread diffusion, digital deception has not only an individual or societal cost, but it can lead to significant economic losses or to risks to national security. Blockchain

We introduce the concept of cyber-physical-social-mediated communication (CPS-C) and analyze why CPS-C is better than pure cyber-mediated communication for two popular applications: mobile social networks and mobile crowd sensing. CPS-C utilizes its unique characteristics (i.e., cyber-physical synchronization, human intelligence, and physical displacement) to bring benefits, including natural boundary

Change is difficult. A big organization that is set in their old ways of doing things will have big resistance to change. Transitioning to agile is one such change. There are several problems an enterprise would face when transitioning to agile from waterfall software development methodology. It might be as trivial as a team not being colocated, or it could be complete lack of trust between the development

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The recent report on FinTech to the European Commission by the Expert Group on Regulatory Obstacles to Financial Innovation (ROFIEG), of which the author was a member, noted that just 19 of the 161 largest retail and commercial businesses globally are implementing digital transformation at scale. 3 However, over the next 10 years, Europe will grow its FinTech market with existing and new players deploying

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The articles in this special section focus on how digital technologies and applications will impact future generations.

The vast majority of basic research in formal methods takes place in halls of academia, yet the enormous amounts of applied use of formal methods quietly takes place in companies worldwide. So, while we will not avoid talking about research results and academic work, the main focus of this column is the evolution of the impact of formal methods in industry. That impact has grown from a rarely used

How should managers and executives assess the potential of emerging technologies? First, they should understand the technologies on the list. Next, they should identify the business models and processes to which they might be leveraged. They should understand how mature the technologies are and should “score” the technologies according to their pilot potential. Finally, they should find pilot sponsors