The progression of converting depiction of medical analysis and measures into widespread medical code numbers is known as medical classification. According to the conclusion of medical investigation or description of medical handling, the classification of difficulty is resolved by means of the medical specialist in medical region. Primarily preprocessing is employed to alter appropriate model from

This research work explores the neural network learning capabilities by using a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network to predict signal power loss by means of dataset from long term evolution network. The analysis of the effect of the learning rate parameter and the adoption of early stopping method during network training have been executed by using varied values of learning rate to ascertain

A wideband, multi-standard MIMO antenna with hexagonal geometry and slot is proposed for DCS/PCS/LTE/UMTS applications while keeping the real time application at prime to provide high data rate, low latency, high capacity, non-line-of communication, and reliability with continuity. The designed prototype covers 1.64–2.50 GHz frequency band with percentage bandwidth of 41.55% and resonates at 2.1 GHz

The traditional traffic flow prediction model acquired the poor characteristics of the traffic flow time series, which led to the low prediction accuracy. Therefore, the short-term high-speed traffic flow prediction based on arima-garch-m model was proposed. According to the urban traffic flow theory, ARIMA model and GARCH model are combined to obtain the corresponding fluctuation characteristics and

For the problems of traditional overburden hole detection methods, such as overtime, low accuracy and high running cost, etc. A multi factor reliable coverage hole detection method based on LEACH algorithm is proposed. Based on the analysis of the QoS architecture of wireless sensor networks and the research of representative network layer symmetry protocols, a symmetric network model is constructed

Software-defined networks (SDNs), as an emerging paradigm by separating the control plane from the data plane, increases flexibility and network utilization and reduces redundancy and operational cost. Traffic management of software-defined networks can be defined as network traffic monitoring and analyzing measures to improve network performance and quality of service metrics. Traffic management as

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is applicable in all IoT applications, thus it has many advancements. However, it has many drawbacks like localization, link failure, and so on. In addition, the reduction of received signal strength (RSS) often causes path loss, while transferring the data when the path is lost then it drops the packets. To address this problem, the current research aimed to develop a

Human bond communication is termed as communicating the observed data by the five sensory organ from one side to the other via proper channel. We have already achieved success in transmission of two types of data which is observed by the two organs, i.e., eye and ear. Still we have not yet succeeded in the transfer of data detected by the rest three organs namely Nose, Tongue, and Touch. “A Novel Standard

Tracking the trajectory of dribble directional shooting in the video image is beneficial to improve the basketball training skills. In this paper, the trajectory tracking method of dribble directional shooting based on the symmetrical algorithm is proposed. The symmetric differential algorithm is used to segment the video image of the dribble directional shooting. In the segmented image sequence, the

The purpose of this study is to improve the gain and directivity of the microstrip patch antenna by means of metamaterial (MTM) structures. As it is known, antennas have power densities in a certain direction, and the radiation curves of the antennas are shaped by orienting them according to this power density. Based on this feature of the antennas, it is aimed to improve the gain and directivity of

The most important challenge of the IoT is how to manage it. The presence of different technologies rendered IoT management much more complicated. DMTF has collected the management parameters in five FCAPS capacities. Regarding FCAPS, Fault Tolerance Capacity should be viewed as the first parameter among the top management characteristics. The objective of the present study is providing a new hybrid

In this paper, we propose a cross-correlation algorithm for correction of common phase error (CPE) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with high implementation efficiency. CPE resulting from the impairment of orthogonality among subcarriers is due to phase noise. It leads to the offset of demodulated data and increases the bit error rate (BER) of the receivers. As a result

The use of Internet of things in health care is a major breakthrough as it can help us save a lot of lives that can be prevented because of prolonged commute distance to the hospital. We have improvised on pre-existing models to create this model. We were successfully able to achieve results on a small scale by transmitting relays of data over a Wi-Fi network. Our model will help reduce the travel

This paper presents a compact dual-band monopole antenna printed on the low-cost FR4 substrate for multi wireless communication applications. The novel antenna consists of an eye-shaped patch and a semi-circular shaped slot on the half elliptical ground plane. The combination of the eye-shaped patch and a semi-circular shaped slot on the ground is used to expand the total length of the current path

In recent years, there has been a great increase in usage of cloud data centers which leads the energy consumption growth by about 10% a year continuously. Further, due to the increase in temperature of cloud data center, the hardware failure rate increases and maintenance cost is also increased. Hotspots and an irregular temperature distribution are the major research issues. Therefore, accurate and

This paper is concerned with Electroencephalography (EEG) seizure prediction, which means the detection of the pre-ictal state prior to ictal activity occurrence. The basic idea of the proposed approach for EEG seizure prediction is to work on the signals in the Hilbert domain. The operation in the Hilbert domain guarantees working on the low-pass spectra of EEG signal segments to avoid artifacts.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is generally considered as a standout amongst the most critical advancements for the twenty-first century, it normally comprises multifunctional wireless sensor nodes, with detecting, communications, and calculation capacities. Clustering the random nodes in WSN is a challenging task with high performance. This paper presents the new clustering model to monitor the eco-friendly

To establish a successful future generation cellular communication system in the Terahertz (THz) regime, there is a need to design high-directivity antennas, which will allow the signal to propagate beyond 0.1 km. Simultaneously, design wide bandwidth (BW) antennas to facilitate transmitting the information at a data rate up to 0.1 Tb/s. Two sets of microstrip array antennas have been designed, optimized

Energy-efficient execution of the scientific workflow is a challenging task in cloud computing that demands high-performance computing to process growing datasets. Due to the interdependency of tasks in the scientific workflow applications, energy-efficient resource allocation is vital for large-scale applications running on heterogeneous physical machines. Thus, this paper proposes a hybrid heuristic

The approximate design has emerged as a revolutionary design paradigm to obtain energy efficient digital signal processing cores while exhibiting acceptable accuracy. In different signal processing architectures, multiplier is the prime arithmetic unit and significantly influences the performance of these cores. Therefore, four novel energy efficient rounding based approximate (RBA) multiplier architectures

Selective forwarding attacks in WSN can damage many mission-critical applications, like military surveillance and forest fire censoring. In such attacks, malicious nodes most of the time functions like regular nodes, but sometimes drop sensitive packets selectively, like a packet recording the dissimilar power' activity, making it more difficult to identify their malicious intent. The current selective

Wireless sensor network comprises of tiny devices which are powered by limited energy resources. Therefore, providing methods to reduce energy consumption is essential to develop this sort of networks. Clustering is one of the major techniques which is introduced to increase wireless sensor network lifetime through providing hierarchy structure. This article represents a semi-distributed fuzzy algorithm

In this paper, a class-AB flipped voltage follower cell with high current driving capability is proposed. The proposed flipped voltage follower (FVF) cell offers increased current sourcing capability and large input/output voltage swing due to the use of bulk-driven and level shifter techniques, respectively. Further, it uses an additional NMOS transistor connected between output and ground terminals

Interleaver centric systems have a significant role to play in fifth generation (5G) real-time communication. Flip Left–Right approach based Inverse Tree Interleavers (FLRITIs) are among one of the recently developed interleavers for these interleaver centric systems. During the real-time communication, interleaver assignment requests from multiple users often arrive at next generation NodeB (gNB)

A Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a network capable of handling long delays and data loss efficiently in various challenged scenarios and environments. Owing to the mentioned challenges, it becomes crucial to study how the routing protocols are designed to adapt in such networks. Currently, the research in this domain is focused on the improving the data delivery ratio and minimizing delays in the

The paper proposed a trust model based on mathematical statistic method to enhance the safety of a VANET. By applying the statistical principles such as significance test, hypothesis test and confidence interval, the model can help the reputation management center to calculate trust values of all vehicle nodes, can help vehicle nodes to judge whether an event message can be trust or not. The simulation

Machine type communication connecting machines in the Internet of Things (IoT) brings massive traffic and rapidly increases the demand for radio spectrum in wireless networks. To transmit the traffic in limited spectra, a time division multiple access (TDMA) based interface with a reservation scheme, which is spectrum-efficient, energy-efficient, and deployment-economical, was proposed in cognitive

We address the Bayesian sensor fusion approach for distributed location estimation in the wireless sensor network. Assume each sensor transmits local calculation of target position to a fusion center, which then generates under a Bayesian framework the final estimated trajectory. We study received signal strength indication-based approach using the unscented Kalman filter for each sensor to compute

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have a wide range of uses because of their dynamic topologies and simplicity of processing. Inferable from the autonomous and dynamic behavior of mobile nodes, the topology of a MANET frequently changes and is inclined to different attacks. So, we present certificate revocation which is an efficient scheme is for security enhancement in MANET. This certificate revocation

In recent times, the wireless sensor network (WSN) has been designed to save energy for prolonging its lifetime. Minimize the implementation cost and energy utilization of sensors, and various data compression techniques have been used. We propose a new algorithm, semi-variance based compressive sensing (SCS), in this paper. The proposed scheme works with the spatio-temporal correlation of the signal

In this research outage probability is analysed for a proposed matrix based method using selection combining diversity under shadowed attenuation in a typical macrocell environment. The conventional Lognormal shadowing model approximates the gamma probability density function which is used in proposed matrix based method. The closed form expressions are developed for evaluating the probability of outage

Congestion control issues have received consistent attention from several telecommunication researchers and practitioners for many years because network congestion often causes significant packet loss and delay problems. Although many suggested methods for these issues and problems can be available in telecommunication literature, there is room for improvement. This paper's primary objective is to

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network which is made up of resource-constrained wireless sensors with restricted capabilities. Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Networks is still an open area of research, due to the fact that several problems need to be solved using resource constrained WSN nodes. The probability of congestion occurrence and packet loss in Wireless Sensor Networks is high

In this paper, analytical performances of Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) are studied for free space optical communication system. Authors propose an innovative sampling technique called, optimum phase sampling technique to investigate the bit error performance of GMSK modulation. Subsequently, performances of GMSK like, bit error rate (BER), power spectral density, and adjacent carrier interference

The wireless sensor network (WSN) is always known for its limited-energy issues and finding a good solution for energy minimization in WSNs is still a concern for researchers. Implementing mobility to the sink node is used widely for energy conservation or minimization in WSNs which reduces the distance between sink and communicating nodes. In this paper, with the intention to conserve energy from

Opportunistic network (OppNet) is described as one of the most challenging network models, since contact between nodes is intermittent. In OppNet, an end-to-end path between the source and the destination does not exist because of nodes mobility. Therefore, relay nodes store then transmit the packets whenever a connection is available. Thus, store-carry-forward is the technique that allows OppNet to

The monumental success over the years, in wireless communication and mobile communication have overcome the challenges such as fading, multipath, interferences and spectrum limitations due to the advancement in the communication system with higher peak data rate with reduced latency thus most of research work are being focused from long term evolution (LTE) along with reduced delay, area and power

Software defined network (SDN) has attracted great interests as an emergent paradigm which aims to centralize the configuration of network devices by decoupling control layer and data layer. One considerable challenge in SDN is to protect against multiple attacks generated by distributed denial of service (DDoS) bots which attempt to make SDN controllers unavailable. The goal of this research is to

The fluctuating two-ray (FTR) channel is currently taken as a suitable small-scale fading model for fifth-generation millimeter-wave communications. This paper analyzes the performance in terms of the average bit error rate (ABER). The expressions of ABER of coherent and non-coherent modulation are evaluated using probability density function over FTR fading channels. Moreover, the behaviors of each

A compact dual parallel slotted-patch antenna having a single offset feed on the corner side is presented. The antenna geometry comprises parallel and horizontal coupled S dual slotted structure at the top, with a complete ground plane at the bottom, which is oriented to enhance the multiband frequency bands. The patch is patterned on an FR4 substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent

Spectrum sensing (SS) is an essential task of the secondary user (SU) in a cognitive radio system. SS monitors the primary user (PU) activity in order to avoid any collision with SU, as the latter should be silent when PU is active on a given channel. Hybrid SS (HSS) is one of the powerful methods used to monitor PU activity. It consists of using different detectors together to make a final decision

In this paper, the concept of multi-channel integrated SINR is proposed for Multi-User Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) limited feedback system where all equivalent channels are used to transmit data. We prove that the achievable bit rate of user terminal depends on its multi-channel integrated SINR. We propose a user selection algorithm based on the multi-channel integrated SINR which

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is developed as a network of sensors, which engage in sensing and transmitting the data to the sink node. The constraints, such as energy, memory, and bandwidth insist the researchers to develop an efficient method for data transmission in WSN. Accordingly, this paper introduces a data aggregation mechanism based on query processing, Wavelet-based Least Common Ancestor-Sliding

This paper proposed a new impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) signal to reduce interference on narrowband systems at high usage 5.2 GHz frequency. The combination of 4th and 5th order derivatives of Gaussian pulses were employed to generate the signal so that satisfy the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mask. The genetic algorithm technique was used to find the pulse optimized parameters

Nowadays, the internet of things (IoT) has gained significant research attention. It is becoming critically imperative to protect IoT devices against cyberattacks with the phenomenal intensification. The malicious users or attackers might take control of the devices and serious things will be at stake apart from privacy violation. Therefore, it is important to identify and prevent novel attacks in

A new Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method for wideband coherent sources is presented in this paper. This method does not require any prior knowledge of the source number and initial estimation of source angles. In the proposed method, at first, upon calculating the focusing matrix, the covariance matrix of all frequency bins are transformed to the reference frequency. Then by forming a Hankel

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) usually consist of several wirelessly connected sensors, to accumulate the data from some geographically scattered field and communicate it to a central database. Thus WSNs become an expedient tool to monitor the widespread gas distribution network such as Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Ltd. Pakistan. In this paper, some routing protocols performance has been investigated

Today’s era is the era of smart and remote applications exploiting advancement in sensors, cloud, Internet of things etc. Major application is in healthcare monitoring and support using wireless body area network (WBAN) in which sensor nodes sense vital physiological parameters and send to server through sink i.e. smart phone nowadays for seamless monitoring. The most significant issue in such applications

A modified path loss prediction model for deep fading area is presented and compared with standard indoor path loss model. An academician perspective, it may not be feasible to design a network for its maximum capacity & coverage under deep fading environment. The above facts reveals us to carry out real time analysis of network using advance set up and predict minimum detectable signal in deep fading

With the growing number of silver hair people, they cannot ignore the care system, fall is one of the important causes of death from accident injury. If the fall is not detected in time, the consequences may be very serious, even. The psychological haze caused by the injured leads to a reduction in activity. The care system includes a smartwatch to monitor physiological values and detect falls, a Beacon

In this paper, we propose a Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU) neural network traffic prediction algorithm based on transfer learning. By introducing two gate structures, such as reset gate and update gate, the GRU neural network avoids the problems of gradient disappearance and gradient explosion. It can effectively represent the characteristics of long correlation traffic, and can realize the expression of

In this paper, a small size, planar, dual-band antenna is proposed for ISM band applications. The antenna consists of a ground plane, a rectangular patch, and a microstrip feed line of 50 Ω. The antenna patch is loaded with several slots to obtain dual resonances in the range of 902–928 MHz and 2400–2480 MHz, covering the lower and higher ISM band frequencies, respectively. The simulated and measured

In this paper, cooperative communication (CC) assisted cognitive wireless sensor network (CWSN) is presented for monitoring health and activity of an end-user in a smart indoor environment. The cooperative communication ensures better data delivery by utilizing minimum resources and also helps to track the location of the user, non-intrusively. The increase in demand for wireless sensor network insists

Authentication is a term very important for data communication security. We see many frauds due to authentication failure. The problem manifolds when communication is over insecure channel. Entity authentication is a term which involves proof of sender’s identity and very useful in various applications like in banking sector and various other client server mechanisms. Availability of quantum computers

Both the radio resources in wireless networks and the computational resources in cloud have big impact on the performance of the mobile cloud computing system. In this paper, we study the joint radio and computational resource allocation in a mobile edge cloud system with a heterogeneous radio access network and a close-by edge cloud. The objective of the proposed resource allocation scheme is to maximize

The emerging needs of innovative services in different areas led to the development of advanced intelligent systems using the heterogeneous technologies, devised by Internet of Things (IoT). IoT focuses on integrating the networks to facilitate smooth services to the humans. The interface between mobility patterns and the routing protocols contributes significantly to alter the performance of network

In the existing environment, 30% of the base station has to handle the 70% of the network load. For a fact, the installation of additional base radio stations increases the deployment costs. The Computing Improved Aggregator Node B (CIANB) has been introduced for the 5G vehicular environment to fix this issue. The CIANB is the base radio station which consists of virtual cloud, storage space, and Aggregator

As per the most recent literature, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), a multi access technique, is considered most suitable for the 3G, 4G and 5G techniques in high speed wireless communication. What made OFDM most popular is its ability to deliver high bandwidth efficiency and superior data rate. Besides it, high value of peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and Inter Carrier Interference

In time driven data-gathering, sensor nodes generate periodic data which are gathered at the base-station. Whereas in event driven data gathering, sensors remain idle until a critical event occurs and then the event information is sent quickly to the central unit. In hybrid data-gathering, the nodes switches between time and event-driven strategy. In this paper, we propose a hybrid data-gathering protocol

In Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Networks, the licensed spectrum bands are highly dynamic, and their status varies overtime. With the expansion of these networks, regarding the energy constraints and the fact that reallocation of the frequency spectrum is energy-consuming, the problem of controlling the behavior of secondary users in the allocation of the spectrum is of great importance. Providing