With advancement in the communication technology, need of faster data transfer and cheaper alternates of existing fiber structure is highly required. Free Space Optical (FSO) systems may become promising solution to replace the existing fiber structure to provide faster data services at low cost. This work mainly focuses on incorporating optical code division multiplexing (OCDMA) with polarization

The emergence of fog computing has witnessed a big role in initiating secure communication amongst users. Fog computing poses the ability to perform analysis, processing, and storage for a set of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Several IoT solutions are devised by utilizing the fog nodes to alleviate IoT devices from complex computation and heavy processing. This paper proposes an authentication

Cloud computing is undoubtedly one of the most significant advances in the domain of information technology. It facilitates elastic and on-demand provisioning of high performance computing capabilities employing pay-per-use model that has snowballed its adoption by scientists and engineers over the past few years. They often exploit workflows to represent their massive applications. Workflow scheduling

Wireless body sensor network (WBSN) is also known as wearable sensors with transmission capabilities, computation, storage and sensing. In this paper, a supervised learning based decision support system for multi sensor (MS) healthcare data from wireless body sensor networks (WBSN) is proposed. Here, data fusion ensemble scheme is developed along with medical data which is obtained from body sensor

The fifth generation new radio (5G-NR) system design is aimed to have ultra-large transmission rate, massive capacity, massive device connectivity, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) services, and ultra-reliable low communication latency (URLLC) services. To support the various challenges and specifications, new wireless communication technologies including new notorious waveforms, forward error correction

This paper presents, optimization analysis of energy detection based cooperative spectrum sensing system (CSSS) with hard-decision combining. Several system parameters are optimized to evaluate an optimal performance theoretically over noisy and generalized fading channels. In particular, wireless environments with noise plus \(\kappa -\mu \) and \(\eta -\mu \) fading are considered in the sensing

In the recent days, the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is considered as the important technology of wireless due to its characteristics. The channel selection and scheduling plays an important roles in MIMO communication systems. For this purpose, various techniques are proposed in the traditional works, but it has some major drawbacks such as increased bit error rate, inefficient channel selection

In this paper, we discuss physical model based method to generate channel coefficients for Nakagami-m distribution. We consider the phase envelope joint distribution so that the phase of the faded signal is also considered. Mainly, the coefficients are generated by exploring the physical model that relates the Nakagami-m fading distribution with Gaussian and gamma distributions for which generation

The mmW cellular systems of large bandwidths offer multiple times rise in capacity as compared to existing 4G networks with comparable cell density. These avoid the unnecessary cell splitting by enlarging the capacity of individual tiny cells significantly in a scenario of very high-density cell deployments. This work will provide an opportunity to achieve a particular capacity value by varying the

Substitution box is a significant and only nonlinear constituent of block cipher. S-box plays a central role in converting the intelligible message or plain text, into an enciphered format. Construction of strong S-boxes is an important area of interest for security experts. In this work, we develop a new method to evolve S-boxes with the help of coset graph for the action of \(PSL\left( {2,{\mathbb

The implementation of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications in fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks can facilitate with several benefits like enhancement of bandwidth utilization, accommodating large number of users and decreasing traffic load on evolved node B (eNB). Integration of location information of unknown machine in communication mode selection mechanism is the key feature of this research

A strong substitution-box is main ingredient in cryptography. Many encryption schemes have been proposed since 1970’s such as DES, AES and IDEA. In this paper we construct S-boxes using a new technique, our proposed algorithm relies on modified Pascal’s triangle and elliptic curve. The substitution-boxes are analyzed by non-linearity, strict avalanche criterion, bit independence criterion, differential

The popularity of symmetrical services like video conferencing, telemedicine etc. is in an upsurge. With the rapid increase in the number of customers for such services, the demand for reliable and computationally feasible resource allocation techniques satisfying all the users are also intensifying. This paper proposes two computationally feasible techniques for allocation of resources in OFDMA system

Compressive sensing (CS) is a new sampling theory used in many signal processing applications due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, signal reconstruction is considered as one of the biggest challenge faced by the CS method. Therefore in this paper, we aim to address this challenge by proposing an Adaptive Iterative Forward–Backward Greedy Algorithm (AFB). AFB algorithm is different from all

This paper presents a high performance circularly polarized multiple input multiple output microstrip patch antenna which is suitable for current high data rate requirements. Circular polarization has been achieved by dual feeding the signals in phase quadrature to the patch antenna. A polarization independent metamaterial has been designed. The designed metamaterial is used to enhance the gain of

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless system is increasingly becoming a vital factor in fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. It is attracting considerable interest due to improve range, spectral efficiency, and coverage as compared to the conventional MIMO systems. In massive MIMO systems, the maximum likelihood detector achieve the optimum performance but it has exponential

Energy harvesting (EH) is introduced into the physical layer security transmission of wireless sensor networks. It takes the energy efficiency and security into account simultaneously. To improve the physical layer security of the cooperative wireless sensor network, an EH-based physical layer security transmission scheme called multi-relay time switching (MRTS) is proposed in this paper. In the multi-source

A composite right/left handed (CRLH) metamaterial antenna is proposed in this paper. The antenna is designed for WLAN IEEE 802.11 standard; where bands 2.4 GHz usage frequency 2401–2495 MHz and 5 GHz usage frequency 5170–5875 MHz worldwide. A composite right left handed metamaterial has combined effect of right handed and left handed metamaterial and which creates dual band resonance in the antenna

Caching popular content at storage enabled routers or small-cell base stations (SBSs) is a key technology for future communication systems. Primarily limited to wired backbone systems, content-caching techniques are useful to offload mobile data traffic too. Several protocols have been developed towards realization of content-caching, namely, information-centric networking (ICN), content-centric networking

In cloud computing, more often times cloud assets are underutilized because of poor allocation of task in virtual machine (VM). There exist inconsistent factors affecting the scheduling tasks to VMs. In this paper, an effective scheduling with multi-objective VM selection in cloud data centers is proposed. The proposed multi-objective VM selection and optimized scheduling is described as follows. Initially

The absence of an inspection technique for the jadestone internal structure is a significant problem for identifying density and structure inside a stone. A terahertz (THz) parametric real-time imaging method is applied for precise measurement. Involution of THz imaging system not just for medical, food, security scanning, can also be used for testing a different kind of material, finding impurities

Graphene conductive ink based microstrip line fed circular patch is presented in this paper. The main objective of this work is to replace copper with graphene which is an emerging promising material, in the field of patch antennas with conventional rigid substrates using a simple printing technique and to measure its performance. The prototyped screen printed graphene antenna is perfectly radiating

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a dynamic nature-influenced optimization technique. PSO optimization technique can resolve the best solution in minimum iterations and operates more effectively and efficiently. But, the other optimization techniques like particle swarm optimization with passive congregation (PSOPC) technique and dissipative particle swarm optimization (DPSO) technique gives better

The integration of optical satellite links in the next-generation networks and in the fifth generation cellular systems has been proposed in order to guarantee the handling of the extreme data traffic growth and the high-pitched demand for networks’ resources. The optical satellite communication downlink is studied and more specifically, a geostationary satellite with multiple transmitters and an optical

ZUC-128 algorithm was listed as the core part in the third international encryption and integrity protection algorithms, EEA3 and EIA3 in 4G-LTE mobile communication system by 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). ZUC-256 will soon become one of important encryption and integrity protection algorithms in 5G mobile communication system. Compared with software implementations, hardware implementations

Near field communication, development in radio frequency detection has put its foot in today’s life of individuals through sophisticated mobile phones. NFC technology has become very popular due to its transparent and simple integration with a number of applications such as health care, consumer electronics, public transport payment methods, etc. A few new approaches have been attempted to make NFC

This paper presents a novel method for determination of location and tuning of parameters of electronic static synchronous compensator (E-STATCOM) for oscillation control in Wide area monitored power systems. The effect of active and reactive power injection by E-STATCOM, on the damping performance of a two-area interconnected system has been studied and analyzed. Dynamic non-linear simulations of

Enterprise thrives on software applications that are built to fulfil the core business requirements. A single business application can offer a cluster of capabilities to generate value from processing huge amount of data often termed as Big Data. The time-based requirements of these applications are satisfied frequently by applying monolithic approaches with increased complexity and less scalability

Nowadays, the massive proliferation of real-world multimedia devices has paved the way to the emergence of a new paradigm called the Internet of Multimedia Things wherein Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) are the main components of this new technology. RPL is an IPv6 routing protocol for LLNs designed by IETF to meet the requirements of a wide range of LLN applications such as Wireless Multimedia

This paper presents a least squares channel estimation (LSCE) in the UpLink transmission for a Massive MIMO systems in 5G wireless communications, combined with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and higher-order M-QAM modulation. The Mean Square Error (MSE) of the LSCE is computed, and the performance of ZF, MMSE and V-BLAST detectors is also evaluated. Using 128-QAM modulation (i.e., increasing

In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the distribution of videos over the Internet, and this has become one of the major activities that attract extensive attention. This means that users expect to watch videos of the highest quality. Quality of experience (QoE) describes the degree of satisfaction or annoyance of a user when they are using a multimedia service or application. Meeting

In this paper, we present a business model for Active Transformation of Mind and Body through Abundant Natural Methods (ATMAN). ATMAN is a tool for the growth of Concentration, Confidence, Creativity, Calmness, and Contentment (C5) and Harmony, Energy, Aesthetics, Limberness, Tranquility, and Happiness (HEALTH) to regain the balance of human mind and body through natural methods. It promotes physical

In modern life the internet has become backbone of digital society which is the packet switched distributed network and connected with almost every digital devices, available everywhere in the world. The traditional network carries few challenges like, dependency on vendors, difficulty to manage large network, dynamically changing of forwarding policies and more. To overcome such challenges, today

Intelligent transportation system is considered as one of the main features of the new generation of the wireless systems. Furthermore, both of high speed data transmission and processing play a crucial role for these generations. In this work, two main propositions have been detailed in order to attain an improvement in such intelligent systems performance and to enhance both of data transmission

Attacks from network applications establish considerable security threats for computer networks and end users. Existing cyber-attack detection methods are designed primarily in signature-based approaches that can not recognize zero-day vulnerabilities. In addition, with the minimum availability of network attack data in the real world, the effectiveness of such approaches is even more limited. Today

In this paper, device to device (D2D) network is studied to support transmission in close distance among group of two users. Such two users benefit from new technique of multiple access, namely non-orthogonal multiple access. Two modes of D2D are considered, such as direct and relay links. Energy harvesting and design of multiple antennas have main impacts on system performance. We derive the closed-form

The rapid increase in the number of devices associated with the cellular network; fulfilling their demands is one of the significant challenges for next-generation networks (5G). The existing schemes improve the network throughput by allowing to share the channels between the cellular user (CU) and device-to-device (D2D) users in one-to-one or one-to-many manners. However, none of the existing schemes

The FBMC generation techniques are found to surmount the disadvantages of the IFFT/FFT based OFDM system. The minimization of PAPR is a much sought after solution by all multi-carrier methods. This paper investigates the possibility of a unified approach for error control coding and PAPR minimization in an FBMC-OQAM system. A new coding procedure called Constrained Message Length (CML) coding is presented

The article investigates the performance of planar and compact CPW-fed microstrip patch antenna that offers 10 dB impedance bandwidth over the wide frequency range between 2.59 and 7.61 GHz. The parametric analysis of various design variables is included to acquire the final design of proposed antenna. The prototype exemplary of designed antenna is experimentally tested to obtain the return loss, VSWR

The internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices embedded with types of equipment which enables them to connect and exchange data. The IoT will provide an excellent chance for the integration of the physical world into computer-based systems. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered as a critical component of IoT networks, and user authentication is a cardinal issue in WSNs. Recently

For the optimal performance of wireless sensor networks in different areas of applications needs to maximize the coverage area of sensor nodes. The coverage of sensor nodes in monitoring region can be improved by using efficient node deployment algorithms. In this paper node deployment based on bat algorithm (BA) is proposed to enhance the coverage rate of nodes. Each bat describes solution for deployment

In this paper, a wearable medical sensor system is designed for long-term healthcare applications. This system is used for monitoring temperature, heartbeat, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and the acceleration of a human body in real-time. This system consists of a temperature sensor, a pulse oximeter sensor, an accelerometer sensor, a microcontroller unit, and a Bluetooth low energy module. Batteries

Interest in wideband and medium distance underwater acoustic communication systems is increasing due to the practical application of underwater Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In this paper, we propose a simplified empirical channel model for the medium distance underwater acoustic channels based on real measurement results. The simple and tractable channel model is critical for the development

In this paper, a novel Poisson hole process (PHP) modeling of wireless networks is proposed. Contrary to the prior PHP models with circular-shaped holes, we utilized circular sector holes in a random direction to capture the spatial separation between tiers in a millimeter wave (mmWave) heterogeneous cellular network (HCN). In this case, small cell base stations and macrocell base stations are distributed

Ensuring security in a communication network is one of the underlying challenges of wireless sensor network due to critical operational constraints. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an easy target of malware (worm, virus, malicious code, etc.) attacks due to weak security mechanism. Malware propagation outsets from a compromised sensor node and spreads in the whole WSN using wireless communication

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are ad hoc networks usually made up of miniaturized autonomous units called sensor nodes that communicate in between by radio links. The WSN has attracted a lot of interests for scientific research, particularly because of new problems of routing under strong constraints of network lifetime and low processing capacity of the nodes. Many algorithms for routing such networks

Microstrip antennas have become a part and parcel of today’s wireless communication world because of their low profile, low cost and ease of fabrication in the circuit boards. But poor performances like narrow bandwidth, low power handling capability, low gain etc. confine their application in some cases. 5th generation (5G) wireless communication will suffer from path loss severely, as high frequency

Internet of Things (IoT) deploys a wide range of technologies including wireless sensor networks, machine-to-machine communication, robots, internet technologies, and smart devices. IoT is a novel phenomenon in the IT world wherein objects can transmit data, and interact through the internet or intranet networks. But the most important and crucial issue on the IoT is privacy and data security. The

Sub-aquatic data processing is a procedure that exchanges datasets through underwater sensory devices in the distributed computing environment. This paradigm has evolved techniques of data exchange and signal processing over time and uses big data frameworks to store processed datasets at edge nodes. Also, it uses modern IoT devices that capture sensory data tuples of water temperature, turbidity,

Due to the technology growth in the fifth Generation (5G) in the modern era, there is an urgent need for Ultra-Reliable Communications (URC). It is considered one of the novel features for 5G. The most obvious limitation that faces the URC is the interference which is severe at the cell edges. Hence, the use of the Interference Management (IM) techniques such as Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) and

The ability to predict the arrival and residence time of mobile users at a particular place is essential for the development of a wealth of new applications and services, such as smart heating control, transportation planning or urban navigation. Previous techniques based on probabilistic models have not been able to perform such prediction accurately. In this paper, we present two linear mobility

Heterogeneous networks with dense deployment of femto cells has provided the promising solution to enhance the system throughputs for the next generation wireless communication. When the large number of heterogeneous networks are overlapped, then traditional intercell interface technique failed to mitigate the interference in between the cells. So, to mitigate the interference, it requires advanced

In recent years, content delivery accounts for a large proportion of the Internet traffic, but end-to-end communications used in the Internet mismatch content-centric delivery and lead to considerable delivery costs and latency. Taking the advantages of content-centric networking into account, we are motivated to employ the name-based mechanism to achieve content communications in the Internet and

In cluster-based cooperative cognitive radio networks (CCRNs), spectrum sensing and decision making processes to determine whether the primary user (PU) signal is present or absent in the network are very important and vital issues to the utilisation of the idle spectrum. The reporting time delay is a very important matter to make quick and effective global decisions for the fusion center (FC) in a

The innovation of services offered by cellular networks gained the attention of researchers in the communication field. Thus, mobile industries deal with remarkable technological competition regarding service quality. The quality is determined by how superior, consistent, and quick a service is delivered to the user. Thus, mobility management is a basic factor as it deals with imperative information

Smart Home is one of the most established applications of the Internet of Things. Almost every equipment we use in our daily life—appliances, electric lights, electrical outlets, heating, and cooling systems-connected to a remotely controllable network, giving the user’s ability to remotely control and monitor the house, save energy without compromising on comfort and ultimately improve the quality

In the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of devices connected to the internet, and they can collect and exchange information at any time. IoT is helpful for the progress of a smart city and different applications. Software-Defined Network (SDN) offers programmability and flexibility in the IoT network. Nevertheless, the adoption of the number of gadgets will increase the transmission delay and this

Epilepsy is a severe neurological disease which is diagnosed by analyzing Electroencephalogram. The epileptic seizure detection technique based on multiscale entropies and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) is proposed in this paper. CEEMD is used for the estimation of sub-bands and two multiscale entropies; multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE) and refined composite MDE are extracted

In this paper, application of a designed antenna for microwave imaging is evaluated. In previous research, application of an UWB antenna for microwave imaging was investigated. To the best of the author’s knowledge, the designed antenna was the smallest UWB antenna designed at the time of publication, for breast cancer detection. The smaller size antennas can cause more clutter in the image while,

Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP), an application layer based protocol, is a compressed version of HTTP protocol that is used for communication between lightweight resource constraint devices in Internet of Things (IoT) network. The CoAP protocol is generally associated with connectionless User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and works based on Representational State Transfer architecture. The CoAP is