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Ethical dilemmas and validity issues related to the use of new cooling technologies and early recognition of exertional heat illness in sport BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Borja Muniz-Pardos, Konstantinos Angeloudis, Fergus M Guppy, Kumpei Tanisawa, Yuri Hosokawa, Garrett I Ash, Wolfgang Schobersberger, Andrew J Grundstein, Fumihiro Yamasawa, Sebastien Racinais, Douglas J Casa, Yannis P Pitsiladis
The Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games is expected to be among the hottest Games in modern history, increasing the chances for exertional heat stroke (EHS) incidence, especially in non-acclimatised athletes/workers/spectators. The urgent need to recognise EHS symptoms to protect all attendees’ health has considerably accelerated research examining the most effective cooling strategies and the development of
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Predicting lying, sitting, walking and running using Apple Watch and Fitbit data BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Daniel Fuller, Javad Rahimipour Anaraki, Bongai Simango, Machel Rayner, Faramarz Dorani, Arastoo Bozorgi, Hui Luan, Fabien A Basset
Objectives This study’s objective was to examine whether commercial wearable devices could accurately predict lying, sitting and varying intensities of walking and running. Methods We recruited a convenience sample of 49 participants (23 men and 26 women) to wear three devices, an Apple Watch Series 2, a Fitbit Charge HR2 and iPhone 6S. Participants completed a 65 min protocol consisting of 40 min
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Public health considerations regarding golf during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Patrick Gordon Robinson, Charlie Foster, Andrew Murray
Background Golf is a sport played worldwide by >60 million people from a variety of backgrounds and abilities. Golf’s contribution to physical and mental health benefits are becoming increasingly recognised. Countries have adopted a range of restrictions to playing golf during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims The purpose of this narrative review was to (1) explore the literature related to the possible
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Impact of chronic Achilles tendinopathy on health-related quality of life, work performance, healthcare utilisation and costs BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Tjerk S O Sleeswijk Visser, Arco C van der Vlist, Robert F van Oosterom, Peter van Veldhoven, Jan A N Verhaar, Robert-Jan de Vos
Objectives To evaluate the impact of Achilles tendinopathy (AT) on quality of life (QoL), work performance, healthcare utilisation and costs in adults with conservatively treated chronic midportion AT. Methods This cross-sectional survey-based study included 80 patients and took place in a sports medicine department of a large regional hospital in the Netherlands. Data were collected before any intervention
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Evaluation of the vestibular and ocular motor screening (VOMS) as a prognostic tool for protracted recovery following paediatric sports-related concussion BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Gregory Knell, Todd Caze, Scott O Burkhart
Objective To understand the relationship between initial vestibular and ocular motor screening (VOMS) and recovery time, and the utility of VOMS to screen for protracted recovery in youth/adolescent patients with sport-related concussion (SRC). Methods Participants (8–18 years) who were diagnosed with an SRC within 7 days of the injury were administered the VOMS test by certified medical personnel
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Estimation of cardiovascular drift through ear temperature during prolonged steady-state cycling: a study protocol BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Giovanni Polsinelli, Angelo Rodio, Bruno Federico
Introduction The measurement of heart rate is commonly used to estimate exercise intensity. However, during endurance performance, the relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption may be compromised by cardiovascular drift. This physiological phenomenon mainly consists of a time-dependent increase in heart rate and decrease in systolic volume and may lead to overestimate absolute exercise
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Ultrasound and surgical inspection of plantaris tendon involvement in chronic painful insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a case series BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Håkan Alfredson, Lorenzo Masci, Christoph Spang
Objectives Chronic painful insertional Achilles tendinopathy is known to be difficult to manage. The diagnosis is not always easy because multiple different tissues can be involved. The plantaris tendon has recently been described to frequently be involved in chronic painful mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. This study aimed to evaluate possible plantaris tendon involvement in patients with chronic
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Associations between cardiac troponin I and cardiovascular parameters after 12-week endurance training in young moderately trained amateur athletes BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Gashaw Tesema, Mala George
Background Previous studies were conducted only on elite athletes, and they investigate acute training responses of cardiac troponin I (CTnI). However, cardiac troponin was found to be elevated in young and inexperienced athletes than adults, and immature myocardium is more susceptible to injury, which needs further consideration. Aim Therefore, we aimed to observe the association between CTnI and
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How does the situation before a tackle influence a tackler’s head placement in rugby union?: application of the decision tree analysis BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Keita Suzuki, Satoshi Nagai, Koichi Iwai, Takuo Furukawa, Masahiro Takemura
Objectives Tacklers need to decide where to place their head based on the evasive manoeuvres of the ball-carrier and positional relationship with the ball-carrier before tackle. Therefore, it is difficult for tacklers to improve incorrect head placement at the moment of contact. Moreover, the characteristics prior to tackle have a relationship with the tackler’s head placement. However, how situations
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Tackle technique knowledge alone does not translate to proper tackle technique execution in training BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Steve den Hollander, Mike Lambert, Ben Jones, Sharief Hendricks
Objectives Effective tackle technique is associated with reduced injury risks and improved performance in contact. Injury prevention programmes aim to provide players with knowledge of effective technique. However, little is known of the impact of this knowledge on a player’s technique in the tackle. This study aimed to determine the association between knowledge of proper tackle technique and tackle
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Promoting exercise in patients with cancers of the head and neck during COVID-19 and beyond BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Kunal K Sindhu, Anthony D Nehlsen, Richard L Bakst
In recent years, the benefits of exercise in patients with cancer have increasingly been recognised. Unfortunately, patients with, and survivors of, cancers of the head and neck often face a constellation of symptomatic and nutritional obstacles that can interfere with their ability to adhere to structured exercise regimens. The spread of COVID-19 has only added to these challenges. In this Viewpoint
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Lower medial hamstring activity after ACL reconstruction during running: a cross-sectional study BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Einar Einarsson, Athol Thomson, Bart Sas, CLint Hansen, Magnus Gislason, Rodney Whiteley
Objective Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) predisposes footballers for subsequent ACL and hamstring (HS) injury. This case series examines HS muscle activation patterns during the running in ACLR patients (bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) and (HS) graft) after completion of functional criteria allowing return to training. Methods Electromyography (EMG) recorded from medial and lateral
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Is there a role for physical activity interventions in the treatment pathway of bladder cancer? A scoping review of the literature BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Agustina Bessa, Cecilia Bosco, Sneha Mehrotra, Megan Rowland, Hanyu Zhang, Beth Russell, Louis Fox, Katharina Beyer, Elke Rammant, Suzanne Amery, Kathryn Chatterton, Nicola Peat, Christel Haggstrom, Mieke Van Hemelrijck
Introduction Physical activity (PA) interventions have been introduced in patients with cancer as they may contribute to better treatment outcomes and quality of life (QoL). However, little is known about the impact of PA on patients with bladder cancer (BC). This scoping review aimed to explore efficacy and feasibility of existing PA interventions in the BC care pathway. Methods and analysis Preferred
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Professional footballers have a limited understanding of the precompetition medical assessment and the possible outcomes including disqualification: a cross-sectional survey BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Thomas J Chin, Arier C L Lee, Mark L Fulcher
Objectives To determine professional footballers’ level of understanding of the purpose of the precompetition medical assessment (PCMA) and to evaluate their knowledge of potential outcomes following a PCMA, including disqualification. Methods Professional footballers from the Australasian A-League and Westfield W-League were asked to complete a 25-question survey. The relationship between dichotomised
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Exploring activity levels in physical education lessons in the UK: a cross-sectional examination of activity types and fitness levels BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Nick Beale, Emma Eldridge, Anne Delextrat, Patrick Esser, Oliver Bushnell, Emily Curtis, Thomas Wassenaar, Catherine Wheatley, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Helen Dawes
Objectives To establish pupil fitness levels, and the relationship to global norms and physical education (PE) enjoyment. To measure and describe physical activity (PA) levels during secondary school PE lessons, in the context of recommended levels, and how levels vary with activity and lesson type. Methods A cross-sectional design; 10 697 pupils aged 12.5 (SD 0.30) years; pupils who completed a multistage
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Leisure time physical activity throughout adulthood is associated with lower medicare costs: evidence from the linked NIH-AARP diet and health study cohort BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Diarmuid Coughlan, Pedro F Saint-Maurice, Susan A Carlson, Janet Fulton, Charles E Matthews
Background There is limited information about the association between long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) participation and healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association LTPA over adulthood with later life healthcare costs in the USA. Methods Using Medicare claims data (between 1999 and 2008) linked to the National Institutes of Health-American Association
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Strength development according with age and position: a 10-year study of 570 soccer players BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Robson Dias Scoz, Bruno Mazziotti Oliveira Alves, Ricardo Lima Burigo, Edgar Ramos Vieira, Luciano Maia Alves Ferreira, Rubens Alexandre da Silva, Rogerio Pessoto Hirata, Cesar Ferreira Amorim
Background/aim The purpose of this study was to compare the isokinetic peak torque profiles from the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles during concentric and eccentric contractions in elite Brazilian soccer players across different field positions and age categories. Our hypothesis was that soccer players from different field positions are subjected to different ageing-related effects on their isokinetic
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Gender differences in mental health symptoms and risk factors in Australian elite athletes BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Courtney C Walton, Simon Rice, Caroline X Gao, Matt Butterworth, Matti Clements, Rosemary Purcell
Objectives To examine gender differences in the reporting of, and contributors to, mental health symptoms. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study of adult athletes within a national elite sporting system (n=523; women=292;56%), who completed a battery of assessments including measures of mental health and adverse life events. Group differences across a range of scores were examined
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Relationship between duty factor and external forces in slow recreational runners BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Senne Bonnaerens, Pieter Fiers, Samuel Galle, Rud Derie, Peter Aerts, Edward Frederick, Yasunori Kaneko, Wim Derave, Dirk De Clercq, Veerle Segers
Objectives Recreational runners show a large interindividual variation in spatiotemporal characteristics. This research focused on slow runners and intended: (1) to document the variance in duty factor (DF) between runners in a real-life running setting and (2) examine whether the interindividual variation in DF and stride frequency (SF) relates to differences in external loading parameters between
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Mental health among elite athletes in Norway during a selected period of the COVID-19 pandemic BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Anne Marte Pensgaard, Tom Henning Oevreboe, Andreas Ivarsson
Objective To investigate the prevalence of mental health problems and satisfaction with life among different groups of elite athletes during a selected period of the COVID-19 pandemic and examine how COVID-19 related consequences were associated with these variables. Design Cross-sectional data collection during a selected period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Participants 378 elite athletes,
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Evaluating the effects of arthroscopic Bankart repair and open Latarjet shoulder stabilisation procedures on shoulder joint neuromechanics and function: a single-centre, parallel-arm trial protocol BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Aaron Fox, Jason Bonacci, Stephen D Gill, Richard S Page
Introduction Shoulder instability injuries are common in sports involving collisions and overhead movements. Arthroscopic Bankart repair and the open Latarjet are two commonly used surgical stabilisation procedures. There is a lack of knowledge surrounding movement strategies, joint loading and muscle strength after each of these procedures. This study will compare: (1) shoulder joint neuromechanics
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Do we need to improve the reporting of evidence in tendinopathy management? A critical appraisal of systematic reviews with recommendations on strength of evidence assessment BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Dimitris Challoumas, Neal L Millar
Objective To critically appraise the quality of published systematic reviews (SRs) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in tendinopathy with regard to handling and reporting of results with special emphasis on strength of evidence assessment. Data sources Medline from inception to June 2020. Study eligibility All SRs of RCTs assessing the effectiveness of any intervention(s) on any location of tendinopathy
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The metabolic signature of cardiorespiratory fitness: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Justin Carrard, Chiara Guerini, Christian Appenzeller-Herzog, Denis Infanger, Karsten Königstein, Lukas Streese, Timo Hinrichs, Henner Hanssen, Hector Gallart-Ayala, Julijana Ivanisevic, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
Introduction A low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong and independent predictor of cardiometabolic, cancer and all-cause mortality. To date, the mechanisms linking CRF with reduced mortality remain largely unknown. Metabolomics, which is a powerful metabolic phenotyping technology to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying complex phenotypes, could elucidate how CRF fosters human health. Methods
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Investigation of work–life integration on burnout symptoms in women physician runners: a cross-sectional survey study BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Hannah Uhlig-Reche, Allison R Larson, Julie K Silver, Adam Tenforde, Alisa McQueen, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez
Objective To investigate which factors, from demographics to work–life integration, are associated with burnout symptoms among self-declared active women physicians practising in the USA. Methods Cross-sectional study of those actively engaged in a social media group for women physician runners. Electronically surveyed using 60 questions covering demographics, compensation, debt and domestic responsibilities
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Diurnal variations in the expression of core-clock genes correlate with resting muscle properties and predict fluctuations in exercise performance across the day BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Alireza Basti, Müge Yalçin, David Herms, Janina Hesse, Ouda Aboumanify, Yin Li, Zita Aretz, Josefin Garmshausen, Rukeia El-Athman, Maria Hastermann, Dieter Blottner, Angela Relógio
Objectives In this study, we investigated daily fluctuations in molecular (gene expression) and physiological (biomechanical muscle properties) features in human peripheral cells and their correlation with exercise performance. Methods 21 healthy participants (13 men and 8 women) took part in three test series: for the molecular analysis, 15 participants provided hair, blood or saliva time-course sampling
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Sports injury and illness incidence among South Korean elite athletes in the 2018 Asian Games: a single-physician prospective study of 782 athletes BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Sang-Hoon Lhee, Rahul Jain, Mohanraj Madathur Sadasivam, Sejun Kim, Moonjung Bae, Jungjin Yu, Do Young Lee
Objective The increasing incidence of sports injury among athletes calls for systemic surveillance of injuries and illnesses in this field to develop preventive measures. The patterns of injuries and illnesses that occurred among Korean athletes during the 2018 Asian Games held in Indonesia were studied. Methods We recorded the occurrence of all injuries and illnesses reported to the chief medical
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Potential for reduced premature mortality by current and increased bicycle commuting: a health impact assessment using registry data on home and work addresses in Stockholm, Sweden BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Johan Nilsson Sommar, Peter Schantz, Magnus Strömgren, Bertil Forsberg
Objectives The study aims to make use of individual data to estimate the impact on premature mortality due to both existing commuter bicycling and the potential impact due to increased physical activity through shifting transport mode from car commuting to bicycling. Methods Using registry data on home and work addresses for the population of Stockholm County the shortest bicycling route on a network
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Scaling VO2max to body size differences to evaluate associations to CVD incidence and all-cause mortality risk BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Jane Salier Eriksson, Björn Ekblom, Gunnar Andersson, Peter Wallin, Elin Ekblom-Bak
Objective To evaluate and compare ratio and allometric scaling models of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) for different body size measurements in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and all-cause mortality. Methods 316 116 individuals participating in occupational health screenings, initially free from CVD, were included. VO2max was estimated using submaximal cycle test. Height, body
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Do rugby league players under-report concussion symptoms? A cross-sectional study of elite teams based in Australia BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Thomas Longworth, Andrew McDonald, Corey Cunningham, Hussain Khan, Jane Fitzpatrick
Objective To determine the rate of under-reporting of concussion and its symptoms in elite rugby league players in Australia. Methods The study was conducted in the preseason of the 2020 National Rugby League (NRL) competition. A total of 151 male, NRL club contracted rugby league players across three professional clubs participated. The participants completed a voluntary, anonymous survey exploring
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Mortality of Japanese Olympic athletes in 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Taro Takeuchi, Yuri Kitamura, Soya Ishizuka, Sachiko Yamada, Hiroshi Aono, Takashi Kawahara, Tomotaka Sobue
Objectives To compare the mortality of Japanese athletes in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games with that of the Japanese population, and to elucidate factors associated with their mortality. Methods We obtained from the Japan Sport Association study subjects’ biographical information, information on lifestyles and medical data. Missing data were obtained from online databases. Standardised mortality ratio
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Lumbosacral injuries in elite Paralympic athletes with limb deficiency: a retrospective analysis of patient records BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Nicola R Heneghan, Esther Collacott, Paul Martin, Simon Spencer, Alison Rushton
Background Compared to injury data in able-bodied athletes, relatively little literature exists for Paralympic athletes. Injury data underpins the design and evaluation of injury prevention strategies in elite sport. The aim of this study was to investigate frequency, characteristics and management of lumbosacral injuries in elite athletes with limb deficiency. Methods A retrospective analysis of injuries
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Danger zone assessment in small-sided recreational football: providing data for consideration in relation to COVID-19 transmission BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Morten B Randers, Nikolas Sten Knudsen, Manuel Mounir Demetry Thomasen, Jeppe Panduro, Malte Nejst Larsen, Magni Mohr, Zoran Milanovic, Peter Krustrup, Thomas Bull Andersen
During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical inactivity has increased, and a wide range of sporting activities locked down, with possible long-term implications for public health. Football is the most popular sport worldwide, and recreational football training leads to broad-spectrum health effects. Football is, however, deemed a contact sport with frequent close contact important to consider during COVID-19
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Comparisons of leisure-time physical activity participation by adults with and without a disability: results of an Australian cross-sectional national survey BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Leanne Hassett, Nora Shields, Jenni Cole, Katherine Owen, Catherine Sherrington
Objectives The objective of this study was to describe and compare the amount and type of leisure-time physical activity, and motivations and barriers to participation among adults with and without a disability. Methods Analysis of deidentified data from an Australian cross-sectional national telephone-based survey (October 2015 to June 2018) of sport and physical recreation participation over the
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Effect of losartan on performance and physiological responses to exercise at high altitude (5035 m) BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Samuel J E Lucas, William L Malein, Owen D Thomas, Kimberly M Ashdown, Carla A Rue, Kelsey E Joyce, Charles Newman, Patrick Cadigan, Brian Johnson, Stephen D Myers, Fiona A Myers, Alexander D Wright, John Delamere, Chris H E Imray, Arthur R Bradwell, Mark Edsell
Objective Altitude-related and exercise-related elevations in blood pressure (BP) increase the likelihood of developing pulmonary hypertension and high-altitude illness during high-altitude sojourn. This study examined the antihypertensive effect and potential exercise benefit of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan when taken at altitude. Methods Twenty participants, paired for age and
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Trends in player body mass at men’s and women’s Rugby World Cups: a plateau in body mass and differences in emerging rugby nations BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Ross Tucker, Stuart Lancaster, Phil Davies, Gary Street, Lindsay Starling, Cian de Coning, James Brown
Objectives This study assessed the mass of international rugby players in the men’s and women’s Rugby World Cups between 1991 and 2019. The objective was to quantify changes in mass of players by position, and to compare changes between men and women, and between established (Tier 1 (T1)) and emerging (Tier 2 (T2)) rugby nations. Setting Rugby World Cups from 1991 to 2019 for men’s players and 2010
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Research Evaluating Sports ConcUssion Events—Rapid Assessment of Concussion and Evidence for Return (RESCUE-RACER): a two-year longitudinal observational study of concussion in motorsport BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Naomi D Deakin, John Suckling, Peter J Hutchinson
Introduction Concussion is a clinical diagnosis, based on self-reported patient symptoms supported by clinical assessments across many domains including postural control, ocular/vestibular dysfunction, and neurocognition. Concussion incidence may be rising in motorsport which, combined with unresolved challenges to accurate diagnosis and lack of guidance on the optimal return-to-race timeframe, creates
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Randomised, cross-over trial on the effect of isotonic and isometric exercise on pain and strength in proximal hamstring tendinopathy: trial protocol BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Aidan Rich, Jilliane Leigh Cook, Andrew John Hahne, Ebonie Kendra Rio, Jon Ford
Background Proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) is a condition that occurs at all ages and levels of sporting participation. Presenting as localised lower buttock pain with tasks such as squatting and sitting, it can cause disability with sport, work and other activities of daily living. Recent research has investigated the effect of isometric exercise on pain and strength with a range of tendinopathies
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Effect of Tai Chi on muscle strength, physical endurance, postural balance and flexibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Christian Wehner, Cornelia Blank, Marjan Arvandi, Carina Wehner, Wolfgang Schobersberger
Objective To investigate the impact of Tai Chi training on muscle strength, physical endurance, postural balance and flexibility, as measured by tests commonly used in health-related fitness or competitive sports contexts. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources The following databases were searched up to 31 July 2020: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed and SPORTDiscus. Eligibility
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Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Stephanie Stockwell, Mike Trott, Mark Tully, Jae Shin, Yvonne Barnett, Laurie Butler, Daragh McDermott, Felipe Schuch, Lee Smith
Objective In March 2020, several countries banned unnecessary outdoor activities during COVID-19, commonly called ‘lockdowns. These lockdowns have the potential to impact associated levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Given the numerous health outcomes associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour, the aim of this review was to summarise literature that investigated differences
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Narrative review of mental illness in cricket with recommendations for mental health support BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Thomas McCabe, Nicholas Peirce, Paul Gorczynski, Neil Heron
Introduction Epidemiology reporting within the cricketing medical literature has emerged over the past 2 years, with a focus on physical injuries. Despite mental health in elite sport gaining increasing recognition, few studies have addressed mental health symptoms and disorders within cricket. Recently, cricketers have been prominent in the mainstream media describing their lived experiences of mental
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Do the combined blood pressure effects of exercise and antihypertensive medications add up to the sum of their parts? A systematic meta-review BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Linda S Pescatello, Yin Wu, Simiao Gao, Jill Livingston, Bonny Bloodgood Sheppard, Ming-Hui Chen
Objective To compare the blood pressure (BP) effects of exercise alone (EXalone), medication alone (MEDSalone) and combined (EX+MEDScombined) among adults with hypertension. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Library. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trails (RCTs) or meta-analyses (MAs) of controlled trials that:
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Therapeutic effects of turmeric or curcumin extract on pain and function for individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Kristopher Paultre, William Cade, Daniel Hernandez, John Reynolds, Dylan Greif, Thomas Michael Best
Purpose To determine whether supplementation with turmeric or curcumin extract effects pain and physical function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Second, we investigated the therapeutic response (pain and function) of turmeric compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Methods A search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Review. Inclusion criteria
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Youth sport injury research: a narrative review and the potential of interdisciplinarity BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Solveig Elisabeth Hausken-Sutter, Richard Pringle, Astrid Schubring, Stefan Grau, Natalie Barker-Ruchti
To prevent sports injuries, researchers have aimed to understand injury aetiology from both the natural and social sciences and through applying different methodologies. This research has produced strong disciplinary knowledge and a number of injury prevention programmes. Yet, the injury rate continues to be high, especially in youth sport and youth football. A key reason for the continued high injury
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Objectively quantified physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a young UAE population BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Sarah Dalibalta, Amin Majdalawieh, Sarah Yousef, Mohammed Gusbi, Jason J Wilson, Mark A Tully, Gareth Davison
Objectives There is a lack of public awareness of the importance of engaging in physical activity (PA) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Nearly 58% of the UAE adult population self-reports as being physically inactive although little accelerometer data currently exists. The aim of this study was to obtain the first dataset that objectively quantifies PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) in young UAE adults
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Athlete medicine applied in a pandemic: disparities among athletes and performers reveal the need for a true ‘revolution’ in health care BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Clea Tucker, Katherine Antoniak, Bianca Edison
While society watches athletes and artists on a screen during the COVID-19 pandemic, some proponents tout ‘normalcy’ as the moment live in-action play resumes again. However, when we ‘see’ these athletes, are we truly seeing them? Failing to understand and address athletes’ adversity faced during this pandemic amidst social pressures to return to play under a preconceived notion of ‘normal’ commoditises
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‘Injury prevention versus performance’: has the time come to mandate the use of mouthguards in all contact sports? BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Irfan Ahmed, Peter Fine
Mouthguard use continues to be a hotly debated issue in the domain of contact sports. Regulations from sports governing bodies on wearing mouthguards and attitudes towards their use from athletes vary significantly across ‘at-risk sports’. We explore how recent advances in sports dentistry have led to the widespread availability of new customisable mouthguards and whether their use may impact athletic
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It is time to rewrite state youth sports concussion laws BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Jonathan Howland, Holly Hackman, Alcy Torres, Julia Campbell, Jonathan Olshaker
Between 2009 and 2014, all 50 states and the District of Columbia passed legislation to improve the recognition and management of youth concussed in sports. These laws can include requirements for concussion training for school athletic personnel, concussion education for children and their parents, return-to-play (RTP) procedures, and medical clearance to for RTP. Concussion can impact academic learning
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Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for identifying posterior element bone stress injury in athletes with low back pain: a systematic review and narrative synthesis BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Roy Esh, Linn Helen J Grødahl, Robert Kerslake, Kate Strachan, Simon Spencer, Louise Fawcett, Alison Rushton, Nicola R Heneghan
Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for identifying posterior element bone stress injury (PEBSI) in the athletic population with low back pain (LBP). Study Design A systematic review searched for published sources up until July 2020. Eligibility criteria: prospective cohort design, MRI diagnosis, adolescents/young adults, chief symptoms of LBP, PEBSI as the clinical diagnosis and
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Video games and their associations with physical health: a scoping review BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Vincent Huard Pelletier, Arianne Lessard, Florence Piché, Charles Tétreau, Martin Descarreaux
Objective The objective of this scoping review is to investigate the possible links between the practice of video games and physical health. It seeks to answer the following question: What are the physical health consequences of playing video games in healthy video game player? and How is it currently investigated?. Methods A scoping review was conducted to identify observational and experimental studies
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Relative age effect: beyond the youth phenomenon BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Patrick Wakefield Joyner, John Lewis, William J Mallon, Don Kirkendall, Rehan Dawood, Austin Fagerberg, Baker Mills, William Garrett
Introduction Initially described in a sports context in ice hockey in 1985, the relative age effect (RAE) refers to the performance advantages of youth born in the first quarter of the birth year when trying-out for select, age-restricted sports. The competitive advantage bestowed to the relatively older athlete in their age band is the result of the older athlete being more physically and emotionally
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Do vigorous-intensity and moderate-intensity physical activities reduce mortality to the same extent? A systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Juan Pablo Rey Lopez, Angelo Sabag, Maria Martinez Juan, Leandro F M Rezende, Maria Pastor-Valero
Objective To examine whether vigorous-intensity physical activity confers additional reductions on all-cause and cause-specific mortality compared with moderate-intensity physical activity. Design A systematic review (registered in PROSPERO CRD42019138995) and meta-analysis. Data sources Three electronic databases up to April 14 2020. Eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria were prospective studies
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Taking the lead towards healthy performance: the requirement of leadership to elevate the health and performance teams in elite sports BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Evert Verhagen, Jay Mellette, Jeff Konin, Reggie Scott, João Brito, Alan McCall
Where not too long ago we serviced athletes; nowadays, we have the responsibility to lead a multidisciplinary team that is mandated to protect the athletes’ health, ensure competition availability and ability to compete at peak performance. In essence, our roles have shifted from being a service provider to a health and performance manager who steers a multidisciplinary team of specialists. In this
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Effect of maintaining supervised gym- and home-based exercises on the seasonal variations of metabolic outcomes in overweight and obese Japanese adults BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Hiroto Honda, Makoto Igaki, Motoaki Komatsu, Shin-ichiro Tanaka
Objectives This study aimed to examine whether maintaining supervised gym- and home-based exercises for an extended time of period could decrease seasonal variations of metabolic outcomes in overweight and obese Japanese adults. Methods This retrospective study recruited 54 overweight and obese outpatients who started exercising in 2006–2010 and analysed their metabolic outcomes for 5 years from March
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Feasibility randomised controlled trial examining the effects of the Anti-Doping Values in Coach Education (ADVICE) mobile application on doping knowledge and attitudes towards doping among grassroots coaches BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Adam Robert Nicholls, Lucas R W Fairs, Mar Plata-Andrés, Richard Bailey, Edward Cope, Daniel Madigan, Katrin Koenen, Iva Glibo, Nikolaos C Theodorou, Jean-Francois Laurent, Gaetan Garcia, Benoit Chanal
Objectives Sports coaches are influential in whether athletes dope, but receive very little antidoping education, particularly within entry-level coaching qualifications. We tested the feasibility of an antidoping intervention, delivered via a mobile application, which was designed to increase coaches’ knowledge of doping and to reduce favourable doping attitudes. Methods A two-arm randomised controlled
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Associations between fitness, physical activity and mental health in a community sample of young British adolescents: baseline data from the Fit to Study trial BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Catherine Wheatley, Thomas Wassenaar, Piergiorgio Salvan, Nick Beale, Thomas Nichols, Helen Dawes, Heidi Johansen-Berg
Objectives To examine relationships between fitness, physical activity and psychosocial problems among English secondary school pupils and to explore how components of physically active lifestyles are associated with mental health and well-being. Methods A total of 7385 participants aged 11–13 took a fitness test and completed self-reported measures of physical activity, attitudes to activity, psychosocial
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Evaluation of a novel strategy to implement exercise evidence into clinical practice in breast cancer care: protocol for the NEXT-BRCA randomised controlled trial BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Jenna Smith-Turchyn, Som Mukherjee, Julie Richardson, Elizabeth Ball, Louise Bordeleau, Sarah Neil-Sztramko, Oren Levine, Lehana Thabane, Arani Sathiyapalan, Catherine Sabiston
Introduction The burden of breast cancer in Canada is steadily growing. More women are surviving breast cancer, yet, survivors live with side effects for years after treatments have ended. The benefits of exercise for women with breast cancer are well established and include improvement in treatment-related physical and emotional side effects. Despite these benefits, few survivors meet exercise guidelines
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Systematic development of an injury prevention programme for judo athletes: the IPPON intervention BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Amber L von Gerhardt, Ingrid Vriend, Evert Verhagen, Johannes L Tol, Gino M M J Kerkhoffs, Guus Reurink
Objectives To systematically develop an injury prevention programme in judo and test its feasibility: Injury Prevention and Performance Optimization Netherlands (IPPON) intervention. Methods We used the five-step Knowledge Transfer Scheme (KTS) guidelines. In the first two steps, we described the injury problem in judo and showed possibilities to reduce the injury rates. In the third step, the Knowledge
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Prevalence of total hip and knee arthroplasty in former National Football League players: comparison with the general US population and other populations of professional athletes BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Adam S Tenforde, Bryan Cortez, Jillian Baker, Joanne Borg-Stein, Meagan Wasfy, Aaron L Baggish, Ross Zafonte
Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a population of former National Football League (NFL) players. Methods: Participants were 3913 former NFL players (participation in years 1960–2019) who completed either an online or mailed survey that included self-reported TKA and THA, year(s) of surgery and date of birth. The prevalence of
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Musculoskeletal risk stratification tool to inform a discussion about face-to-face assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Andrea Ravindra, Andrew Cuff, Ian A Bernstein, Marwan Al-Dawoud
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown caused clinicians in the UK to switch to delivering musculoskeletal care using telephone or video consultations. NHS England (an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care, England) recommended prioritisation of more urgent conditions, including those people whose condition has deteriorated and those waiting the longest as part
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No standarisation or harmonisation in anti-doping testing frequency BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Bill Cuddihy
The use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) has undermined the credibility of sports for many years, with cycling and athletics, especially badly hit. The World Anti-Doping Agency has been tasked with leading the fight against the use of PEDs in sport and has been largely successful in achieving standardisation and harmonisation in terms of rules and regulations but has not addressed the question
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