This article examines the steady revitalization of an endangered minority community in northern Pakistan to show that how the Torwali community strategically mobilizes limited resources to achieve a sustainable revival of its language and culture. The uniqueness of the planning rests in its holistic, identity‐based integrated approach that seeks to use identity building as a catalyst for language and

This study investigated whether adult learners could eventually achieve nativelike proficiency in L2 inflectional morphology that is not instantiated in their L1 with the increase of L2 proficiency. The participants were 47 L1‐Chinese of L2‐English speakers. They were divided into three groups according to their levels of English proficiency, and their morphological performance in L2‐English plurals

Communication issues occur when foreign doctors from different cultural backgrounds have to treat local patients and attempt to establish rapport across cultures in order to diagnose correctly and advise treatment in a way that is acceptable to the patient. This paper reports on strategies used by Iranian and Nigerian medical doctors in public hospitals in Limpopo, South Africa, to establish and manage

Variations in citation practices have been studied from a wide range of perspectives. Nonetheless, little research has addressed how the interplay between disciplines and research methodologies can affect the formal representation of citations in research articles. This paper, adopting a multi‐perspective design, is an attempt to fill this void by analyzing a purposive sample of 180 research article

This study examined (in)congruences between beliefs and practices of EFL university teachers on in‐class oral corrective feedback (OCF). The participants were 20 university English language teachers from a private university in Turkey. Data were collected via video‐recorded non‐participant detached observation, a task about OCF to determine the beliefs of the teachers, and a stimulated recall interview

We investigated differences in self‐reported Emotional Reactions (ER) of first (L1) and foreign (LX) language users of English when watching television in English and identified the predictors. Participants were 271 British citizens, 282 Greek, and 271 Hungarians living in their home country. English LX users had significantly lower values for ER compared to L1 users. Frequency of watching television

Idioms are an important part of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL), but current research on the meanings and grammatical functions of idioms is still quite weak. This study selected commonly used idioms in TCSL, extracted sentences containing these idioms from large‐scale modern Chinese corpora, and manually annotated the meaning and grammatical functions of each idiom in these sentences

This study investigates how driving school instructors adapt their instructions to constraints and affordances of different activity types. Adopting a Conversation Analytic approach and building on a comparative corpus of theoretical and practical driving lessons in German, it compares sequences of instructions of the execution of the “shoulder check” (i.e., checking the blind spot) in stationary theoretical

This contribution reports on a study of questioning turns in German and English football post‐match interviews (PMIs). Previous research on PMIs suggests that their main aim is to provide room for a delivery of the player's perspective of the match, thereby foregrounding his expertise and experience. The study uses a conversation analytic approach to focus on how interviewers design their turns in

Textbooks play an essential role in foreign language programs; however, it is unclear if their contents match the most salient linguistic forms championed by usage‐based approaches to second language acquisition (SLA). Through the lens of a corpus‐based approach via lexical frequency, this study evaluates five of the most popular Arabic textbooks. Vocabulary was vowelled and lemmatized using the MADAMIRA

Previous research indicates that speakers of American English chiefly use crispy when referring to dry foods and crunchy when referring to wet foods, suggesting that these near‐synonyms have different semantic frames. The present study is the first to address how speakers of American English process crispy and crunchy by investigating whether foods with frame‐semantically (in)congruent food labels

This article addresses the development of a corpus‐based grammar textbook on four types of irregular multi‐verb sequences in English— V‐V, V‐and‐V, V‐to‐V, and V‐Ving. Since many current grammar textbooks have seldom treated these four types of irregular multi‐verb sequences, this article empirically demonstrates the need to develop corpus‐based grammar textbooks. Our framework to develop the corpus‐based

This study explores the critical barriers to English language learning for Afghan refugee women in Australia. Using data from 23 individual interviews and five focus group discussions, these show that although the participants received formal support from the Australian Government, the majority still struggled to learn English effectively. A thematic analysis of the interview responses revealed that

The current rise in interactions among English speakers with different accents entails occasional difficulties in understanding unfamiliar English accents. This study attempted to propose a teaching technique using shadowing to listen to unfamiliar English accents. The participants were 96 Japanese university students. One group worked on shadowing assisted by script, one on shadowing only, while the

Studies on lexical availability (LA) reveal a different dimension of vocabulary knowledge and development. Likewise, this study explores (a) the relationship between LA and writing ability of male and female learners and (b) differences and similarities between the tokens and types of the words they generated. An LA task and a composition test were administered to 100 (50 males and 50 females) EFL

This paper adopts a construction grammar approach to test the efficiency of data‐driven learning (DDL) when applied to constructions. High‐intermediate learners of English as a foreign language took part in an experiment consisting, for each construction, in (i) a pre‐test, in which the learners had to produce as many sentences as possible illustrating the constructions, (ii) a DDL intervention, which

This study contributes to the field of corpus‐based language teaching and learning by analyzing interactions observed while learners engaged with tasks requiring the use of corpus tools in two sections of a university level Spanish L2 content course. Tasks‐as‐process (i.e., real‐time interactions between learners and materials) were analyzed for (1) divergence from teacher's intent (the task‐as‐workplan)

Most research in corpus‐based teaching has focused on using corpora in vocabulary building and the teaching of grammar. The present study discusses how corpus‐based tasks can help to improve the writing skills of the learners of Arabic as a foreign language through inducing self‐correction. The paper argues that a corpus‐based approach allows learners the opportunity for self‐correction and exploration

This article proposes to define a “new” discipline within applied linguistics: ergonomic linguistics. The article addresses issues concerning language use within organizations, focusing on human‐oriented controlled natural languages (CNLs) whose role is to limit the problems encountered with natural language, in professional contexts in particular. An ergonomic linguistics approach involves first taking

The provision of instruction in English as a foreign language (EFL) is constantly being extended to include ever younger learners. As one of the challenges for pre‐primary EFL instruction is the delivery of a sufficient amount of appropriate input, the main aim of this article is to investigate one potential source of such input, namely an animated television series, in terms of its linguistic features

This paper presents a method for designing corpus exploration tasks and integrating them into an intermediate‐level German course during which learners collectively produce the audio description (AD) of a film trailer. ADs are additional soundtracks that inform blind people about the visual events that are considered necessary to understand a film. The Audiodeskription corpus, available on Sketch Engine

The present study aimed to explore how 174 Spanish first language (L1) and foreign language (LX) users perceive emotionality and pleasantness in audiovisual and purely visual material eliciting blended emotions and whether cultural background and Trait Emotional Intelligence (EI) are linked to emotion perception. Participants rated the emotionality and pleasantness of the stimuli through a 7-point

Funding information University of Oxford John Fell Research Fund, Grant/Award Number: 0003998 The growth in academic subjects taught through English, in non-Anglophone countries (English medium instruction, EMI) has been matched by growth in research into its desirability. Research has also indicated that EMI teachers need professional development (PD) to teach effectively. Although PD programmes are

A body of research has shown that there are linguistic differences in the way people with epilepsy talk about their seizures when compared to those with non-epileptic seizures. We extend this line of research by presenting the results of a phonetic analysis comparing speech samples from people with a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy (7 patients), to those with a confirmed diagnosis of non-epileptic

This classroom-based study examined the role of context in task-based interaction. Identical tasks were implemented in university-level classes in two contexts: Australian ESL (n = 27) and Chilean EFL (n = 19). The learners engaged in discussion tasks, as part of the regular classroom activities. Data included audio-recorded task-based interactions, observations, and a survey. Data analysis was guided

Linguistic complexity is neither easily defined nor measured. The challenge in finding reliable ways to measure linguistic complexity is even more pronounced when the variation of contexts in which complexity is measured is taken into account. This paper therefore aims at finding measures for assessing syntactic and lexical complexity that are sensitive and non-overlapping even in a less frequently

This special issue, focusing on different types of variation in syntactic complexity, offers a critical discussion of the role of variation in syntactic complexity research in SLA. Special attention is paid to inter‐learner variation (i.e., individual developmental trajectories of acquiring syntactic complexity) and to interactions with related constructs, for instance between syntax and morphology

The paper investigates possible effects of cross‐linguistic variation on measures of syntactic complexity in 60 texts from Swedish L1 learners of English, French and Italian as foreign languages at CEFR level A and CEFR level B. A previous study on the same learners and texts, showed significant differences between proficiency levels for two length measures of complexity in English and French, but

This study explores to what extent syntactic complexity as assessed by four types of complexity measures may vary in written, argumentative texts of L2 learners (A2‐B1) and native writers of Dutch, Italian and Spanish. All texts were assessed by calculating both overall complexity measures and more fine‐grained measures that focus on the type and number of coordinate and subordinate structures, and

English medium instruction (EMI) in higher education has rapidly increased over the last decade in Europe and Asia.However, this expansion has far outstripped research and many key questions remain unanswered. This study addresses a number of those questions related to roles and conceptualisations of English and other languages in multilingual university settings. Data is presented from an exploratory

This paper examines linguistic practices of inclusion and exclusion relating to sexual orientation and sexual identity as they surface in the context of language education and multilingual contexts. I argue that queer linguistics can provide a helpful theoretical framework for examining how normative and non‐normative constructions of sexual identity are enacted inscribed in language practices in classrooms

Int J Appl Linguist. 2018;1–15. wileyon This paper examines the development and variation of syntactic complexity in the speech of 66 L2 learners over three academic semesters in an intensive English program. This investigation tracked development using hierarchical linear modeling with three commonly‐used, recommended measures of productive complexity (i.e., length of AS‐unit, clause length, subordination)

Building on a corpus of 70 hours of German driving lessons, this paper studies the use of declaratives vs. imperatives for instruction. It shows how these linguistic resources are adapted to different praxeological, temporal and participant-related environments. Declaratives are used for first instructions, task-setting and post-trial discussions. They exhibit complex syntax and do not call for immediate

This article takes an interest in how students at a driving school are instructed how to make the car's behaviour intelligible (accountable) to other road users in traffic. Taking the indicator as an example, the analytic focus is on the ways in which the indicator's relevance is instructed and its timely activation practiced, and how activating the indicator is instructed as part of more encompassing

Using Littlejohn's (2011) task analysis sheet, this study examined writing tasks in Iranian ELT textbooks developed by Iran's Ministry of Education since 1979 to see whether their underlying aspects reflected universal SLA principles. Almost all of the writing tasks were found to be writing-as-a-means type engaging the students with aspects of language other than the writing itself. Also, the textbooks

This study provides a multilayered analysis of one critical variable that recently has come to the fore in scholarly debates in applied linguistics. It takes the vantage point of 281 Asian millennials and examines how and why some challenge the socio-cultural notions of gender outside their immediate languacultures. Using a mixed-method approach, the study adduces quantitative and qualitative data

This paper analyses how people with dementia react to the question-answer adjacency pair. This work aims to (a), verify if the ability to answer questions persists until the final stages of dementia (b), check if the number of preferred and relevant answers decreases progressively and (c) prove the compensatory strategies they use to answer questions correctly. Ten people with different types of dementia

Language discordance can limit nursing professionals' (NP) ability to use patient-centred communication (PCC). Adequate research should underpin the design of applied linguistic solutions to this problem. Thus, this article reports on some of the potential language and communication learning needs of NPs in language discordant contexts. Communication Accommodation Theory is used to analyse observation

In a reading-aloud experiment, we investigated the on-line processing of English idioms from a production perspective. The stimuli were ambiguous idioms used figuratively and literally, and matched novel control phrases. The analysis of the articulatory durations showed a processing advantage for idioms over controls. Further, we found that figurative meanings were articulated somewhat faster than

This article reports the findings of a classroom-based study whose main purpose was to investigate the changes in the levels of FLA over the course of one semester. In addition, the study sought to understand causes of such changes. The participants were 52 Polish senior high school students, aged 17–19, who were all learners of English. The study encompassed 121 naturally occurring English lessons

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) is becoming a very popular approach in Europe and many other parts of the world. However, due to the novelty of its implementation the number of longitudinal studies is scant. With this in mind, the overall aim of this study was to examine the effect of CLIL sessions and their intensity on the learning of English as a foreign language. Two test rounds

The current study re-examines how second language speech perception and production are related in the context of the acquisition of English /ɹ/ by 45 adult Japanese learners with various proficiency levels. Perception was evaluated using a two-alternative forced choice identification task, while pronunciation performance was assessed via multiple task/analysis contexts. Overall, the participants’ perception

The present study analyzes interview and written data garnered from well-trained Malaysian ESL professionals at university-affiliated centers. The data is examined relative to Kirkpatrick's ‘lingua franca approach’ principles that presuppose the merit of studying English in the ASEAN context where ‘the native speaker is absent’ and ‘English is used as a lingua franca’. Identifying an (in) compatibility

The semantic structure of animal and emotion terms was here under investigation. In Study one, Chinese ‐ English bilinguals and monolingual English and Chinese speakers provided similarity judgments. Those, once analysed with correspondence analysis, provided a multidimensional representation of the semantic structure of animal terms; with the greatest level of similarity noted between two bilingual

In light of the Bologna reform, professional and vocational schools have progressively moved towards becoming formal higher education institutions. In this context, Universities of Teacher Education (UTE) in Switzerland have undergone significant changes with respect to their role in society over the past decades. One of the major changes in this process concerns the training of research skills in

Perceptual salience has been proposed as an essential factor in the order in which various linguistic phenomena are acquired. This study examines its influence on the acquisition sequence of a single construction, which is the Arabic construct state. Mapping certain English constructions to the definite Arabic construct state entails restructuring head direction (a feature of high salience) and the

Good rapport underpins effective patient care; however, communication barriers can undermine the building of rapport and the development of a therapeutic relationship, potentially resulting in poorer health outcomes. This paper examines the development of rapport by registered nurses (RNs) from a variety of cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Discourse analytical techniques are used to trace rapport-building

Drawing on communication accommodation theory, the present paper explored how affective (i.e. identity related) and cognitive (i.e. comprehension related) motives drive young Swedish-speaking Finns to use Swedish in online communication when interacting with Finnish speakers. Questionnaire data were collected among Swedish-speaking secondary school students (N = 124). A Bayesian moderated mediation

This study investigates the use of a computer assisted language learning (CALL) task used in a Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) curriculum. A survey was conducted among the students after their sound files were submitted. Information collected at the course e-discussion forum was used as another source of data. The findings presented a general picture of storytelling sound file task employment in

This paper introduces Cultural Linguistics to the analysis of proverbs using the three analytical tools of cultural metaphor, cultural schema, and cultural category, which are collectively referred to as cultural conceptualisations. To substantiate this, the paper reports on a study in which English and Persian cross-culturally equivalent proverbs related to the concept of time were scrutinised using

The aim of this paper is to present a case for using corpora in TAFL (Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language) classes in light of advances in corpus-based teaching approach. It presents an overview of corpus-based teaching generally, and Arabic corpus resources specifically. Given the lack of corpus-based teaching materials for Arabic, this paper presents a model of integrating corpus-based teaching

We present a discourse analysis of narratives from two adult Congolese refugees, focused on the influence of worldview (including cultural mindset, personal world, and perspective) on thinking about accessing higher education. We examined narrative structure (Gee 2011), subject statements, and Underhill's (2009) three elements of worldview in the narratives. Both participants held a cultural mindset

The present study compares the differential effects of two learning contexts on the L2 pronunciation accuracy of L1-Spanish/Catalan teenage learners of English. The learners engaged in either a study abroad (SA) course in the UK (n = 14) or in an intensive course at home (AH) in Spain (n = 22) for 3 weeks. Sentence-sized production samples were elicited before and after the SA and AH courses through

This study examines the effect of typographic enhancement on L2 learners’ intake of multiword units from reading. EFL learners read texts in one of three versions: (1) with many multiword units underlined; (2) with half of these multiword units underlined; and (3) without any underlining. The learners were subsequently asked to identify the multiword units they remembered encountering in the texts

This study explores nonnative English-speaking teaching assistants’ interactional practices in engineering labs. Specifically, this study examines how the international teaching assistants (ITAs) initiate meaning negotiation while interacting with native English-speaking undergraduate students. The data for the study consist of 415 minutes of video-recorded interactions between four ITAs and undergraduate

The spread and diversification of English worldwide challenges the use of reference accents in EFL classrooms. Yet, learners often demonstrate greater recognition of, familiarity with and preference for inner-circle varieties of English speech, especially Received Pronunciation (RP) and General American (GenAm). This article investigates the attitudes of 71 university students in Spain towards these

This study delved into the impact of written languaging (WL) on grammatical accuracy of writing. To this aim, two intact classes of Iranian EFL learners were randomly assigned to two groups. As the pre-test, both groups wrote a composition on the same prompt. One (n = 19) received only direct written corrective feedback (DWCF) on their original drafts while the other group (n = 19) received DWCF and

The present study explored how persuasiveness is expressed phonetically in English and whether non-native speakers of English are able to employ L2 phonetic cues to convey importance in L2 in a native-like manner. An acoustic experiment compared English and Latvian speakers’ of English treatment of syllable-onset consonant duration relative to vowels in (i) neutral and (ii) persuasive speech contexts

The acquisition of the third tone (T3) in Chinese is one of the most challenging tasks for adults who are learning Chinese as a second language. This paper looks at how assumptions made in theoretical linguistics shape current teaching methods, and investigates the effect of those teaching methods on the acquisition of tones. This study examines the perception and production of the three allophones

Despite some variation between individual chapters in terms of the issues they address, the approach taken and the depth with which empirical data are analysed, this volume will be valuable for many readers involved in teacher evaluation and development, particularly via lesson observation and feedback. Various contributors offer fresh and thought-provoking perspectives on familiar issues; I was certainly