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A Model Minority? Asian-White Differences in Federal Careers The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Gregory B. Lewis, Esther Han
The stereotype of Asians as a model minority suggests that they either do not experience discrimination or overcome it through higher education, hard work, and respect for authority. We test that stereotype for Asian Americans in the federal service using both Census data and surveys of federal employees. We examine (1) whether Asians attain the same pay levels and managerial authority as whites; (2)
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Service Outsourcing and Government Fiscal Conditions: Do Market Competition, Bureaucrat Support, and Management Capacity Matter? The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Wenchi Wei, Xin Chen
Scholars have long regarded government fiscal stress as a crucial factor driving public service outsourcing; however, further investigation is still needed to determine whether service outsourcing in turn helps governments improve fiscal conditions. Public choice theory suggests that outsourcing services can lead to efficiency improvement and cost savings. Nevertheless, transaction costs theory implies
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Disentangling Risk Management and Error Management in the Public Sector: A Theoretical Framework The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Emily Rose Tangsgaard, Caroline Fischer
Public organizations have little tolerance when it comes to risks and errors. At the same time, environmental, technological, and demographic changes call for new ways of doing things to improve public sector performance. Achieving this may involve trial and error. Therefore, there is a need to effectively combine risk management and error management practices. However, the concepts tend to be intermingled
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Use of Performance Information and External Accountability: The Role of Citizen Oversight in Mitigating the Motivated Evaluation of Body-Worn Camera Evidence The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Mir Usman Ali, James E. Wright
Despite being touted as a game-changing technology, studies on the influence of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on policing outcomes have produced mixed results, with the underlying reasons for such findings unclear. Drawing on the sociology of culture and organizational theory, we argue that BWCs often have mixed impacts due to deeply ingrained, valued occupational assumptions and practices shaped by the
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Administrative Decentralization and the Role of Information: The Case of Intimate Partner Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Mir Usman Ali, Lauren Hamilton Edwards, James E. Wright
The U.S. federal government often devolves administrative processes and decision making to state and local governments. Prior studies have found that the success of decentralization and implementation depends on several mediating factors at the subnational level, such as a state's political ideology or administrative capacity. This study focuses on one mechanism—the ability of states to leverage their
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Can Leadership Improve Interorganizational Collaboration? Field-Experimental Evidence From a Team-Based Leadership Training Intervention The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Anders Barslund Grøn, Line Hvilsted, Karen Ingerslev, Christian Bøtcher Jacobsen, Mickael Bech, Christina Holm-Petersen
The delivery of coherent public services often depends on collaboration across organizations and organizational units, which is challenging and necessitates effective leadership. This article advances our knowledge about the value of leadership training for interorganizational collaboration. In a field experiment, 122 public healthcare managers from 68 organizational units were randomly assigned to
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The Transaction Costs of the Administrative Presidency: Evidence From a Trump-Era Clean Water Act Enforcement Reduction The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Jesse L. Barnes, Jayce L. Farmer
Over the last two decades, political polarization has gridlocked federal congressional capacity to meet environmental regulatory demands. As a result, presidential authority has expanded to overcome this legislative impediment leading to a new era of “administrative presidency.” In this new era, presidents have increasingly used their administrative authority to meet politically driven environmental
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Understanding Whether Representative Bureaucracy and Racial Resentment Impact Public Perceptions of the Distributive Justice of Government Programs The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Ellen V. Rubin, Keith P. Baker, Stephen Weinberg
Within the representative bureaucracy literature, scholars argue that public perceptions of government will improve when their government looks like them. In particular, this study focuses on how the public perceives the fairness of policy outcomes, measured as distributive justice. We test this through a survey experiment that examines how perceptions of distributive justice are affected by the racial
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Determinants of State Infrastructure Spending: Testing Punctuated Equilibrium and Social Vulnerability Theories The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Julius A. Nukpezah, Aisha S. Ahmadu
Subnational U.S. governments retain the primary responsibility of constructing and preserving the public infrastructure that connects communities and businesses, enhances public service delivery, and promotes economic development in their jurisdiction. Drawing from punctuated equilibrium and social vulnerability theories for context, the present study investigates the determinants of state infrastructure
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Am I My Brothers’ Keeper? A Critical Review of Mandated Collaboration Research The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Andrew Alfred Sullivan, Jungwon Yeo, Saerim Kim
To synthesize and examine the growing literature on mandated collaboration, we conducted a critical literature review of the growing literature on mandated collaboration, asking what the field of public administration knows about its purposes, mechanisms, contexts, and performances. Mandated collaboration occurs when a third party requires and enforces collaboration among other potential collaborators
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Religious Environments, Governments, and the Density of Nonprofit Organizations The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Meena Subedi, Gao Liu
This study examines the impact of religious environments on the jurisdictional density of nonprofit organizations. It has been argued that religiosity can affect nonprofit activities by promoting prosocial attitudes, collectivism, collaborating and bonding, and business ethics. While prior research has investigated the effects of religiosity on various aspects associated with nonprofit activities,
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Joseph R. Biden as a Multi-layered President The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 Charles T. Goodsell
A little understood reason for the success of the Biden Presidency is the occupant's range of role diversity. His multiple forms of leadership allow him to present himself as the situation warrants...
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Competition and Local Government's Choice Between Informal and Formal Collaborative Mechanisms: Measuring Dyadic Intercity Competition Through the Lens of Business Trade-Offs The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Namhoon Ki
Informal and formal collaborative mechanisms are distinctive self-governing strategies that local governments use to mitigate intergovernmental collaboration risks. Studies on local governance have...
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Untangling the Association Between Goal Clarity and Public Service Motivation With the Moderating Role of Value Congruence The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Gook Jin Kim, Namhoon Ki, Taewon Yoon
Drawing on the socialization aspect of public service motivation (PSM) and the internalization process of organizational values, this study empirically tests the argument that goal clarity leads to...
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Street-Level Bias: Examining Factors Related to Street-Level Bureaucrats’ State or Citizen Favoritism The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-04-16 Sagi Gershgoren, Nissim Cohen
Administration of street-level bureaucrats requires prior knowledge of what affects their use of discretion. However, there is a lack of understanding as to what influences their decision-making wh...
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“We’re Not the Cure, We’re Just the Band-Aid”: The Interplay of Structure, Culture, and Practice in Police Service Provision to Persons with Mental Illnesses The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-04-02 Galia Cohen
This study uses the constellation approach of transition theory as a theoretical framework to depict the ways in which facilitators and barriers in police system's structure, culture, and practice ...
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Measuring the Effects of Federal Budget Dysfunction: Impacts of Continuing Resolutions on Public Procurement The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Spencer T. Brien, Korey W. Letterle, Paul A. Kantner
This study measures the behavioral effects of continuing resolutions by examining their impact on federal procurement activities. The restrictions imposed by continuing resolutions are explored as ...
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Analytic Bureaucracy and the Policy Process: Evidence from California The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Henry Flatt, Nhat-Dang Do
We argue that “analytic” bureaucratic agencies are essential actors in the policy process because of their role acting as both information processing organizations and policy design specialists. An...
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Intra-Organizational Communication in Public Agencies: The Effects of Contracting Out Core Services The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-03-16 Federica Fusi, Fengxiu Zhang, Eric W. Welch
This article develops and tests a set of hypotheses examining how contracting out of public services affects intra-organizational communication in public agencies (i.e., the principal organization)...
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Exploring the Relationship Between Privatization in Public Service Delivery and Coproduction: Evidence from U.S. Local Governments The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Yuan (Daniel) Cheng, Jeffrey L. Brudney, Lucas Meijs
Since the New Public Management Movement, privatization has become a popular approach for delivering public services. However, few studies empirically assess the relationship between privatization ...
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The Practice and Politics of Secretary General Appointments The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Erik-Jan Van Dorp
The question of who is appointed to key administrative posts at the expense of whom lies at the heart of public administration research. In this paper, I study what career experiences have increase...
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Organizational Image and Employee Engagement: Exploring the Inter-Relationships Between Construed External Image and Perceived Organizational Identity The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Shinwoo Lee, Taha Hameduddin, Gyeo Reh Lee
Organizational image, defined as internal members’ evaluations of their organization, is a critical managerial issue since it influences employee work attitudes and subsequent performance. While th...
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Procedural Justice and the Unintended Role of Street-Level Bureaucrats in Prompting Citizens to Act as Vigilantes The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Ofek Edri-Peer, Nissim Cohen
What role do the perceptions of clients about the procedural justice that street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) use when implementing policy play in prompting citizens to engage in vigilante actions? Usi...
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Advancing Public Entrepreneurship through State Government Capacity and Competitiveness: The Impact of Discretionary Fiscal Policy of American States on Worldwide Manufacturing Industries The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Geiguen Shin
Many policymakers and administrators have directed efforts to increase foreign manufacturing investment (FMI) due to its potential to raise the employment rate, technological progress, and producti...
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Unboxing International Public Administrations: The Politics of Structural Change in the UN System (1998–2019) The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-12-13 Julia Fleischer, Aron Buzogány
Recent debates in international relations increasingly focus on bureaucratic apparatuses of international organizations and highlight their role, influence, and autonomy in global public policy. In...
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Do Opinions of Policy Target Population Deservingness Correlate to Public Service Motivation? Insights from Medicaid The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Jacqueline Chattopadhyay, Jaclyn Piatak
Perceptions of the deservingness of policy target populations play a vital role in the policy process. Yet, little research has modeled assessments of deservingness as a function of core concepts f...
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Moving Away from Patronage: A Feedback Approach The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-12-04 B. Guy Peters, Carmine Bianchi
Patronage appointments in government are a continuing issue in many administrative systems. Especially for countries in Latin America and Africa patronage is considered a major impediment to develo...
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Resistance or Capitulation? How Discrete Emotions Shape Citizens’ Interactions With the Administrative State The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-11-03 Elizabeth Bell, Julian Christensen, Kristina Jessen Hansen
Public administration researchers have found that unfavorable state actions can trigger negative emotions in citizens, but the behavioral consequences of these emotions have been understudied. We d...
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The Iron Triangle of Affordable Homeownership: Habitat for Humanity Affiliate Strategies for Balancing Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Equity The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-11-03 Jessica Berrett, Teshanee Williams, Honey Minkowitz, Alexandra Lahoud
While the public values of efficiency, effectiveness, and equity have been extensively studied in the public sector, very little research exists in the nonprofit context. In particular, we lack an ...
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Cybersecurity Threats in Local Government: A Sociotechnical Perspective The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Ashlee Frandell, Mary Feeney
The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) by local governments is widespread and meant to improve managerial effectiveness and public engagement. ICTs are commonly used by govern...
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Representative Bureaucracy, Environmental Turbulence, and Organizational Performance The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-09-07 Xiaoyang Xu, Carla Flink
The literature on representative bureaucracy posits that increased representation at the managerial level leads to improved outcomes for minority clients. These managers, however, must work within ...
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The Influence of Legal Mandates on Public Participation The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 Jared Olsen, Mary K. Feeney
Legal mandates are a common mechanism to stimulate government agencies to engage the public. Research shows managerial efforts can also affect civic engagement. We first examine whether local gover...
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Context Matters: Authoritarian Populism and Public Administration Practice, Teaching, and Research The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-08-12 Richard C. Box
The political context of public administration in the United States may change considerably in the near future, away from liberal democracy and toward an intensification of the authoritarian populi...
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Network Effects Research: A Systematic Review of Theoretical Mechanisms and Measures The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 Alejandra Medina, Michael D. Siciliano, Weijie Wang, Qian Hu
This article contributes to the network effectiveness literature by identifying the theoretical mechanisms and network measures scholars in public administration and policy use to draw inferences b...
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The Role of Department Type in Public Managers’ Attitudes Toward Social Media Use The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-07-22 Xiaoheng Wang, Allyson L. Holbrook, Mary Feeney
Social media technologies have been widely adopted by governments to increase civic engagement, promote openness, and extend services. Previous research finds that public managers’ attitudes are im...
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Collaborative Governance at Scale: Examining the Regimes, Platforms, and System in the State of Oregon The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Nara Yoon, Katie Fields, Bobby Cochran, Tina Nabatchi
This article takes a first step toward analyzing the characteristics of a cross-policy, state-wide collaborative system. Specifically, using data from the Atlas of Collaboration project, we offer a...
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Agency Heads’ Public Profiles and Bureaucratic Performance The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-05-06 Don S. Lee
Do agency heads’ public profiles enhance the performance of bureaucratic agencies? Existing studies of public administration emphasize the role of public information in managing government performance. However, whether public attention to agency heads affects the performance of their agencies is largely understudied. Using a unique dataset of agency heads’ public profiles in South Korea, we predict
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Strengthening American Democracy Through Public Administration The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-05-09 Charles True Goodsell
America's precious democratic form of government is under severe threat. An attempt to sabotage the fair election of a new president has been committed and could easily be reattempted. Meanwhile, a...
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Perception or Reality: An Examination of Police Misconduct, Organizational Justice, and Promotion Opportunities in the NYPD The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-05-03 Deborah A. Carroll, Helen H. Yu
Scholars across multiple disciplines have identified numerous correlates to police misconduct. Missing, however, from this body of research is the impact of police misconduct on future promotion opportunities in a local police department. Using population data (N = 33,358) released by New York city’s Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) from September 1985 to July 2020, this study employs logistic
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The Effect of Civilian Oversight on Police Organizational Performance: A Quasi-Experimental Study The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-05-03 Jisang Kim
Although civilian oversight has been introduced to make the police accountable to citizens and perform better, its effectiveness has not been thoroughly investigated yet. To better understand civilian oversight of the police, this study explores its theoretical basis as an accountability mechanism and suggests how it holds police agencies accountable even without direct disciplinary authority. The
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Explaining Sustainability Innovation in City Governments: Innovation Mechanisms and Discretion Types in Multi-Level Governance The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Jiasheng Zhang, Hui Li, Kaifeng Yang
While existing studies have examined the separate effects of local governments’ internal conditions and external environment on local innovation, few have paid attention to their interactive effects. This study examines whether state-level rules regarding local discretion moderate the effects of city governments’ slack resources and learning, using local sustainability innovation as an example. We
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Enhancing Local Service Effectiveness Through Purpose-Oriented Networks: The Role of Network Leadership and Structure The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-03-21 Anna Uster, Dana Vashdi, Itai Beeri
The public administration literature has demonstrated that the manner in which a network is led is related to its effectiveness. However, why this relationship occurs and whether it is dependent on external circumstances remain unclear. Relying on Provan and Milward's framework of interorganizational network effectiveness and the neo-institutional approach to local leadership, we propose that the manner
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Women in State Law Enforcement: An Exploratory Trend Analysis The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-03-21 Helen H. Yu, Shilpa Viswanath
Gender diversity in policing has never been more important than it is today. However, women in state law enforcement are the least noticeable and most underrepresented of all women in policing. Using data from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) surveys, this study examines gender diversity across the 49 primary state law enforcement agencies in the United States between
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Organizational Practices and Second-Generation Gender Bias: A Qualitative Inquiry into the Career Progression of U.S. State-Level Managers The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-03-18 Maria D’Agostino, Helisse Levine, Meghna Sabharwal, Al C Johnson-Manning
Ely and Meyerson’s gendered organizations framework reconceptualizes traditional gender differences defined by biology and lack of structural opportunities, to a complex set of social relations in the workplace. We apply this framework to second-generation gender bias to further understand impediments to women's career progression in the public sector workplace. In-depth interviews of state-level administrators
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Police Chiefs, Organizational Justice, and Body-Worn Cameras: A Key to Releasing Video Footage The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-03-07 Daniel E. Bromberg
This study addresses a missing link in the organizational justice literature—a police chief's trust in their officers. Most organizational and procedural justice studies examine these concepts from an officer's perspective, but fail to capture how leaders perceive their officers. Trust, however, is a relational concept, which implies there might be effects of a leader's trust in their officers. This
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A Systematic Review of Empirical Emergency Management Network Research: Formation and Development, Properties, and Performance The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-02-08 Qian Hu, Jungwon Yeo, Naim Kapucu
Although network analysis has gained much attention in emergency management studies, there are few systematic reviews of emergency management network studies in public administration. After reviewing 44 journals, this article identified and reviewed a total of 58 studies that conducted network analysis in the context of emergency management. Based on existing literature, this article summarizes the
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Book Review: Law & Leviathan: Redeeming the administrative state by C. Sunstein and A Vermeule The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2022-01-10 Jennifer L. Selin
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Book Review: Government statistical agencies, and the politics of credibility by Howard, C. W. The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-12-21 Niva Golan-Nadir
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Does Managerial Use of Performance Information Matter to Organizational Outcomes? The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-17 Xu Han, Donald Moynihan
Public management scholars have made impressive strides in explaining managerial usage of performance information (PI). Does such PI use matter to performance? If so, what types of use make a difference? To answer these questions, we connect managerial self-reported behavior with objective organizational outcomes in Texas schools. We control for lagged comparative school performance and employ inverse
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An Application of the Theory of Representative Bureaucracy, Gender Concordance, and Symbolic Representation in the Health Care Context The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-16 Kenicia Wright
Although the United States spends more on health care than comparable nations, many Americans suffer from poor health. Many factors are emphasized as being important for improved health outcomes, including social and economic indicators, living and working conditions, and individual-level behavior. However, I argue the overwhelming attention to male health outcomes—compared to female health outcomes—and
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An Exploratory Examination of the Relationship Between Trust and Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Willingness to Risk Their Lives for Others The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-13 Nissim Cohen
This article presents the findings of an exploratory study examining the relationships between street-level bureaucrats’ (SLBs) trust in their peers, managers, and the institution they belong to, and their willingness to endanger their own lives for the public. We build on previous administrative and behavioral theories to present a model of these relationships. Using a survey of 211 police officers
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Creating Meaningfulness in Public Service Work: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Public and Nonprofit Managers’ Experience of Work The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-10 Robbie W. Robichau, Billie Sandberg
Public service work and public-serving institutions are evolving by incorporating neoliberal modes of working more and more. Contemporary research oftentimes neglects to account for these changes in how we understand public service work, however. This article draws on the meaningfulness in work and public service motivation literature to explore how public service workers are making sense of their
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Accountability in Collaborative Federal Programs—Multidimensional and Multilevel Performance Measures Needed: The Case of Wildland Fire Prevention The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-10 Charles R. Wise
Collaborative programs among Federal agencies, state and local agencies, and private sector organizations are often prescribed to address difficult interdisciplinary and intersectoral problems. Accountability for these efforts is difficult to achieve and has frequently proved elusive. This research explores the nature of the accountability dilemma in collaborative programs and analyzes and illustrates
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The Impact of Cutbacks From a Major State Financial Crisis on Organizational Trust The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-10 Marco Tulio Zanini, Carmen Migueles, Juliana Carvalho
Previous research has shown that cutbacks in public spending often impact the range and quality of the public services delivered, leading to negative behaviors on the part of public servants. This article examines how sudden cutbacks caused by a major state financial crisis have an impact on interpersonal trust within a special police unit. We present the results of a longitudinal case study using
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Power Dynamics and Corporate Power in Governance Processes: Evidence From U.S. Environmental Governance Systems The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-10 Yuhao Ba
Prior research has documented involvement of government and civil society actors in governance processes, but has largely neglected a key player: corporate business interests. Combining insights from social-ecological systems, organizational systems theory, theories of governance and power, interest group rule-making participation, and non-state alternative environmental governance, we examine corporate
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Always Connected: Technology Use Increases Technostress Among Public Managers The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-08 Leonor Camarena, Federica Fusi
Despite the growing use and adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in government, few studies investigate how ICTs impact the well-being of public managers in the workplace. Information system and psychology studies define “technostress” as a form of stress stemming from the social and technical changes brought by ICTs use. Public managers likely experience technostress as ICTs
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Walking the Talk of Social Equity? Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Decisionmaking About the Provision of Personal Resources The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-02 Einat Lavee
While public administration scholars argue that core values of social equity are exceedingly important in service provision, less is known of how these values are practised on the frontline in the contemporary public administration. Research points to a dual trend: together with practices aimed at increasing clients’ wellbeing, public service workers’ decisions about allocating public resources are
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Government Employees’ Experience and Expectation of COVID-19 Hardships: The Moderating Role of Gender and Race in the United States The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-11-01 JungHo Park, Yongjin Ahn
This article examines government employees’ experience and expectation of socioeconomic hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic—employment income loss, housing instability, and food insufficiency—by focusing on the role of gender and race. Employing the Household Pulse Survey, a nationally representative and near real-time pandemic data deployed by the U.S. Census Bureau, we find that government employees
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Communicating Reform: Testing an Apology for Police History as a Supplement to a Policy Communication The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-10-29 Mark Benton
Policing in the United States has a racist history, with negative implications for its legitimacy among African Americans today. Legitimacy is important for policing's effective operations. Community policing may improve policing's legitimacy but is difficult to implement with fidelity and does not address history. An apology for policing's racist history may work as a legitimizing supplement to community
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Book Review: Creating gender-inclusive organizations by Kossek, E. E. & Lee, K-H. The American Review of Public Administration (IF 4.929) Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DeLysa Burnier