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Terms of use and network size: Evidence from online job boards and CV banks in the U.S. Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Vera Brenčič
Data on websites that hosted job boards and CV banks in the U.S. from 2000 to 2011 reveal that websites imposed fewer restrictions (in terms of the duration of use) and lower fees for job searchers relative to employers. This asymmetry in the treatment (or the terms of use) changed as the relative scarcity of job searchers and job vacancies in the labor market in which the websites offered their services
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Dollars and megabits: A comparative analysis of Telecom and Healthcare Connect Fund Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 M, a, y, s, a, m, , R, a, b, b, a, n, i
Two federal programs in the United States subsidize internet access for rural healthcare providers, namely, Healthcare Connect Fund (HCF) and the Telecom Program. HCF uses a subsidy mechanism that strongly incentivizes healthcare providers to shop for faster or cheaper internet. Telecom does not incentivize shopping. Theoretically, this predicts that HCF must achieve faster or cheaper internet than
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Behavior-based algorithmic pricing Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Antoine Dubus
This article studies the impact of algorithmic pricing on market competition when firms collect data to charge personalized prices to their past customers. Pricing algorithms offer to each firm a rich set of pricing strategies combining first and third-degree price discrimination: they can choose for each of their past customers whether to charge them personalized or homogeneous prices. The optimal
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The choice of pricing format: Firms may choose uniform pricing over personalized pricing to induce rivals to soften competition Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Øystein Foros, Hans Jarle Kind, Mai Nguyen-Ones
Technological development and better information systems potentially increase firms' abilities to use personalized pricing. Should firms take advantage of such an opportunity, or should they rather charge all consumers the same price (uniform pricing)? It might seem obvious that it is optimal for an individual firm to use personalized pricing; if it does, it can charge each consumer a price equal to
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Effects of patent privateering on settlements and R&D under sequential market entry Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Felix B. Klapper, Christian Siemering
We investigate patent litigation, settlements and R&D incentives on a market where two firms develop technologies in order to obtain patents and produce goods. Firms may sell IP rights to a Patent Assertion Entity (PAE) that acts as intermediary for patent monetization. We find that compared to simultaneous market entry, the effect of this so-called patent privateering is mitigated if firms enter sequentially
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Mobile payments and interoperability: Insights from the academic literature Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Milo Bianchi, Matthieu Bouvard, Renato Gomes, Andrew Rhodes, Vatsala Shreeti
We connect various streams of academic literature to analyze how alternative competition and regulatory policies may affect the development of digital financial services, and particularly of mobile payments. Our main objective is to highlight the extent to which existing models, often coming from related industries (such as telecom, payments, and banking) can be applied to study the effects of mobile
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The least developed countries' transitional exemption in the TRIPS agreement and the strength of intellectual property protection Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Sèna Kimm Gnangnon
Has the transitional exemption granted to the least developed countries (LDCs) Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the WTO's Trade-Related Intellectual Property (TRIPS) Agreement helped LDCs reduce the strength of their Intellectual Property Protection (IPR)? The present study addresses this question by using 24 LDCs (treatment group) and two control groups, over the period from 1970 to
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Do online certifications improve job market outcomes? Evidence from an IT skills certification platform in India Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Nandana Sengupta, Neaketa Chawla, Anna Agarwal, James Evans
We estimate the returns to online skills certification for engineering graduates in India using a regression discontinuity design. Individuals in our dataset take a computer programming exam, and are required to score above a threshold to receive a widely used software engineer IT-services certificate provided by an online job skills credentialing platform in India. We find that certified candidates
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Assessing the benefits of high-speed broadband: Lessons from Australia's National Broadband Network (NBN) Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Andrew Sinclair
This study reviews the economic benefits analysis conducted in 2014 for the National Broadband Network (NBN), one of Australia's largest ever public infrastructure projects. The review identifies that the NBN's benefits were overstated due to error by an estimated $17–20 billion in 2014 present value terms, an amount sufficient to eliminate the NBN's forecast net economic benefits. To provide an updated
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Complementarities in learning from data: Insights from general search Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Maximilian Schaefer, Geza Sapi
The ability to make accurate predictions relating to consumer preferences is a key factor of a digital firm's success. Examples include targeted advertisements and, more broadly, business models relying on capturing consumers' attention. The prediction technologies used to learn consumer preferences rely on consumer generated data. Despite the importance of data-driven technologies, there is a lack
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Mobile money and financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Lukasz Grzybowski, Valentin Lindlacher, Onkokame Mothobi
In this paper, we utilize survey data collected in 2017 from 12,735 individuals across nine Sub-Saharan African countries. We merge the survey data with geographic information related to the proximity of mobile network towers and banking facilities, based on the geo-locations of the respondents. Our estimation approach comprises a two-stage model. In the first stage, consumers make choices between
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To share or not to share? The impact of mobile network sharing for consumers and operators Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Pantelis Koutroumpis, Pau Castells, Kalvin Bahia
This paper assesses the impact of mobile network sharing in Europe during the 2000-2019 period, looking at 140 mobile operators in 29 countries. We find that - consistent with economic theory - network sharing generated significant benefits for operators and consumers, including lower prices and improved network coverage and quality. This was driven by cost reductions, higher returns on investment
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The environmental impact of Internet regulation Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Jean-Christophe Poudou, Wilfried Sand-Zantman
We address the need to regulate Internet infrastructure usage to take into account environmental externalities. We model the interactions between an internet service provider and some content providers in settings where the former chooses the network size and the latter influence congestion on the network. We then discuss how different regulatory frameworks (Net Neutrality, Laissez-Faire, Price Regulation)
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Information, mis-information, and history-based price discrimination in a duopoly Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Sumit Shrivastav
In this paper, we analyze the competitive and welfare effects of imperfect consumer recognition based on the consumers' purchase history in a duopoly model with discrete brand preferences and switching costs. We demonstrate that the impact of consumer recognition on firms' pricing strategies, industry profits, and welfare crucially depends on the accuracy of consumer recognition, i.e., the relative
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Search with two stages of information acquisition: A structural econometric model of online purchases Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Peter Gibbard
This paper presents a methodology for estimating a sequential model of online consumer search. The literature on such structural econometric models typically assumes that, for each alternative, there is only one stage of optimal information acquisition. For many e-commerce websites, however, there are two stages: obtaining information from (1) the search results page and (2) clicking on an alternative
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Determinants of fixed and mobile broadband demand in Mexico using discrete choice exercises and logit and conditional logit models Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Agustin J. Ros
We utilize stated preference data from discrete choice exercises administered to 15,000 households and individuals in Mexico and estimate logit and conditional logit models to identify determinants of fixed and mobile broadband demand. We find that the service attribute most consistently important for broadband demand, apart from price, was service reliability and find that urban customers are willing
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A model of endogenous targeting in duopoly Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Christian Siemering
The paper investigates welfare effects of targeted advertising in a duopoly. To this end, a game-theoretical model is proposed in which firms can make costly investments in their targeting technology. It can be shown that ex ante identical firms use different technologies in every pure-strategy equilibrium of the technology game. If firms target the same group of consumers, the low-technology firm
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Can data openness unlock competition when an incumbent has exclusive data access for personalized pricing? Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Rosa-Branca Esteves, Francisco Carballo-Cruz
This paper examines how an incumbent firm's data investment decisions can impact market structure and competition. In markets with sufficiently low entry costs, using exclusive data for personalized pricing (PP) does not raise any barrier to entry. However, in markets with intermediate entry costs, the risk of competition and consumer harm is significant. Policy intervention is needed to foster competition
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Incentivising ‘pirates’ to pay – An experiment with comic book readers Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Satia Rożynek, Wojciech Hardy
Internet piracy has been repeatedly shown to displace the authorised consumption of digital content. However, fewer studies tried to identify a viable solution and even less tried to convert the ‘pirates’ into paying consumers. We conducted a three-wave panel survey among comic book readers, asking about their consumption from various sources. After each wave, a random subsample was provided with prizes
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Pay-for-delay settlements and patent expansion practices Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-07-17 Anton-Giulio Manganelli
Pay-for-delay (reverse payments) settlements and patent expansion practices (PEP), such as preemptive patenting, product hopping and evergreening, have been criticized for their potential anticompetitive effects. This paper shows that reverse payments and PEP are strategic substitutes and, when the information over the patents’ strength is asymmetric and patents’ strength is endogenous, a ban on reverse
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Information sharing, personalized pricing, and collusion Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Stefano Colombo, Luigi Filippini, Aldo Pignataro
We study collusion sustainability in an infinitely repeated game in which firms might price discriminate, by offering personalized prices for the share of consumers they have information about. We do not impose any restrictions to the distribution of consumers and the product characteristic space. In such a general framework we show that when firms share their personal information about consumers,
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Platform Competition and Incumbency Advantage under Heterogeneous Lock-in effects Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Emanuele Giovannetti, Paolo Siciliani
Digital platform markets perform a myriad of daily transactions, providing internet-mediated exchange possibilities: between consumers, for peer-to-peer exchanges; between businesses, for digital value chains; and between businesses and consumers, in digital marketplaces. It is essential for competition that new entrants are able to join platform markets. However, these markets are often characterised
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Social R&D: Does academic freedom contribute to improved societal outcomes? Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Alberto Posso, Quanda Zhang
The economics literature views R&D as an important conduit for growth because it generates new ideas that can be translated into technological innovations. Some of this R&D occurs in universities, making academic freedom an important part of this process. This literature ignores the potential role that academic research in the social sciences plays toward achieving non-commercial societal outcomes
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Algorithmic selection and supply of political news on Facebook Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-01-21 Marcel Garz, Ferenc Szucs
Facebook has been criticized for exposing its users to low-quality and harmful information, including fake news, hate speech, and politically one-sided content. In December 2013 and again in August 2014, the platform updated its news feed algorithm to increase user exposure to quality content of news publishers, while curbing the proliferation of non-informative posts. This paper uses a sample of German
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Prioritization between asymmetric content providers Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Jeong-Yoo Kim
Gautier and Somogyi (2020) showed that the monopolistic Internet service provider (ISP) can extract more surplus from consumers by giving priority to the weaker content to restore symmetry between content providers (CPs). In this study, we reexamine the issue and argue that their result depends critically on the shape of the delay cost function. We first show that under a linear delay cost, if the
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Does the internet help the unemployed find jobs? Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-01-09 Eleanor Jawon Choi
This study examines the effect of internet job search (IJS) on job-finding rates among unemployed job seekers during the rapid expansion of the internet from the mid-1990s to the early 2010s. To address endogenous selection into IJS, I use an instrumental variables (IV) strategy exploiting the rise of IJS within occupations over time, which varied across occupations depending on pre-internet exposure
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Do telecommunications prices depend on consumer engagement? Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-01-08 Joan Calzada, Begoña García-Mariñoso, David Suárez
This paper analyzes how customers’ heterogeneous search and switching habits affect the prices paid for telecommunication services in a context in which operators use price discrimination strategies to retain their customers and attract those of their rivals. Drawing on a representative sample of Spanish households (N=3,113), we show that engaged consumers pay 9.4% less than completely unengaged consumers
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The impact of taxation in the telecommunications industry Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2023-01-07 Raúl Katz, Juan Jung
In this article we study the impact of taxation in the performance of the telecommunications sector. To do so, we develop a model that considers the taxes and fees imposed directly or indirectly along the telecommunications value chain. Overall, we find strong evidence of a negative impact on investment from an increase in regulatory fees, profit taxes, and excise taxes. In addition, telecommunication
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Multidimensional media slant: Complementarities in news reporting by US newspapers Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-10-23 Sandra García-Uribe
This paper studies front-page choices made by editors of major US newspapers. I document that newspaper front pages are biased to certain combinations of news after controlling for the newspaper bias and the overall market coverage of such news. I also provide a reader-maximization model for front-page decisions that I use to interpret the empirical biases as preferences of the newspaper population
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Effects of vertical integration on internet service providers’ zero-rating choice Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-10-04 Fuyuki Saruta
This study presents investigation of the effects of vertical integration between an internet service provider (ISP) and a content provider (CP) on the ISP’s zero-rating choice and social welfare. We develop a simple model in which a monopolistic ISP delivers content from two CPs to a representative consumer. The ISP can offer zero-rating contracts to one or two CPs, thereby allowing the consumer to
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Behavior-based price discrimination in a horizontally and vertically differentiated duopoly with switching costs Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-10-03 Masashi Umezawa
This paper analyzes behavior-based price discrimination (BBPD) in an asymmetric duopoly with switching costs and including both vertical and horizontal differentiation. We demonstrate that there are two configurations of market share in equilibrium. In the first configuration, where both firms poach their rival’s consumers, the equilibria arise when switching costs are low and the firms are relatively
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The Impact of Privacy Regulation on Web Traffic: Evidence From the GDPR. Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-09-29 Raffaele Congiu, Lorien Sabatino, Geza Sapi
We use traffic data from around 5,000 web domains in Europe and United States to investigate the effect of the European Unions General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on website visits and user engagement. We document an overall traffic reduction of approximately 15% in the long-run and find a measurable reduction in engagement with websites. Traffic from both paid and unpaid channels dropped significantly
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Net neutrality and consumer demand in the video on-demand market Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-08-13 Andrea Szabó, Vinh Pham
Proponents of Net Neutrality rules argue that these regulations prevent internet service providers (ISP) from slowing down content that competes with some of their own services (vertical foreclosure). To study these incentives, we measure consumers’ willingness to pay for speed on the video on-demand market. We use a survey experiment to estimate a differentiated-product demand system for choosing
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Universal high-speed broadband provision: A simple auction approach Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 Elmar G. Wolfstetter
Millions of citizens and firms lack access to high speed internet, even though governments pledged to spend huge sums of money to subsidize internet networks. In this paper we review some systematic flaws of present policies and outline a promising alternative. We propose that governments should treat the broadband infrastructure as a public responsibility and set up public-private partnerships that
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Partisan selective exposure in news consumption Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 Sylvain Dejean, Marianne Lumeau, Stéphanie Peltier
The development of online social media has raised concerns about how individuals are over-exposed to partisan news. However, social media are only a part of the daily media diet of an average consumer (Allcott and Gentzkow, 2017; Allen et al., 2020). The aim of this paper is therefore to examine partisan news exposure with respect to the entire media diet. We develop a partisan selective exposure index
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Exclusive content and platform competition in Latin America Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-07-22 Alexander Cuntz, Kyle Bergquist
Platforms often compete over non-price strategies such as the exclusive distribution of products. But these strategies are not always welfare-enhancing. Using rich data on audiovisuals distributed on platforms in Brazil, we find that non-exclusive distribution and availability of titles across platforms is more effective in deterring online piracy than in the single-homing case. Moreover, for the subset
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Let the user speak: Is feedback on Facebook a source of firms’ innovation? Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-07-20 Irene Bertschek, Reinhold Kesler
Social media open up new possibilities for firms to exploit information from various external sources. Does this information help firms to become more innovative? Combining firm-level survey data with information from firms’ Facebook pages, we study the role that firms’ and users’ activities on Facebook play in the innovation process. We find that firms’ adoption of a Facebook page as well as feedback
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Digital government as a business facilitator Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-07-19 João Martins, Linda Gonçalves Veiga
Administrative and regulatory burden reduction is critical to improving government efficiency and economic competitiveness. Innovations in government through Information and Communication Technologies are key tools in designing policies to achieve these goals. Using a panel dataset covering 169 countries from 2004 to 2018, we investigate the possible contribution of digital government as a business
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Carpe Data: Protecting online privacy with naive users Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-06-29 Laura Abrardi, Carlo Cambini
In this paper, we study the optimal design of incentives to induce a digital platform to limit the extraction of data from users, whose privacy loss is further aggravated by their naive use of the platform. We show that caps on the amount of data collected can induce the optimal data-saving effort by the platform. If the platform’s effort is not observable, a menu of data caps should be provided and
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Broadband internet and protests: Evidence from the Occupy movement Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Guilherme Amorim, Rafael Costa Lima, Breno Sampaio
This paper investigates the influence of broadband internet availability in the occurrence of events of civil unrest. Using collected data on 2011’s Occupy Movement in the U.S., we find that each new Internet Service Provider (which is associated to an increase in broadband penetration) accounts for an increase between 1 and 3 p.p. in the probability of observing protests in a given location. Results
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Telework in the spread of COVID-19 Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-06-20 Toshihiro Okubo
In the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), people have been requested to work from home with information and communication technology (ICT) tools, i.e. telework. This paper investigates which factors (infection of COVID-19, individual characteristics, task characteristics, and working environments) are associated with telework use in Japan. Using the unique panel survey on telework, our estimation
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Impact of information technology on firm performance: New evidence from Indian manufacturing Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-06-20 Rupika Khanna, Chandan Sharma
India has risen to prominence as a global supplier of information technology (IT). However, the extent to which IT benefits Indian manufacturing is less well known. We assess the effects of IT capital on firm's growth from 1998 to 2016. We make two significant contributions: (i) we make comparisons between different periods, high-IT intensive and low-IT intensive sectors and 14 manufacturing industries
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Vertical integration, innovation and foreclosure with competing ecosystems Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Michele Bisceglia, Jorge Padilla, Salvatore Piccolo, Shiva Shekhar
We study the competitive effects of a vertical merger in a digital industry where an integrated incumbent (closed ecosystem) competes with an open ecosystem formed by an upstream supplier (ecosystem gatekeeper) and two downstream retailers selling differentiated products. Absent innovation, the incumbent sells a superior product compared to the rivals’ ones. Yet, the gatekeeper of the open ecosystem
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Harmonic price targeting Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-06-14 Daniel Garcia
This paper studies third-degree price discrimination in a classical model of price competition with differentiated products. Firms charge different prices to different consumers, based on their estimate of their price sensitivity. If the market is fully covered and information is symmetric, more accurate information has a pure redistributive effect, leading to higher profits but lower consumer welfare
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Online privacy and market structure: Theory and evidence Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-06-12 Lorien Sabatino, Geza Sapi
This paper investigates how privacy regulation affects the structure of online markets. We empirically analyse the effects of the 2009 ePrivacy Directive in Europe on firm revenues. Our results indicate that, if any, only large firms were weakly negatively affected by the implementation of the Directive. We also provide a simple theoretical model predicting an avenue how privacy regulation may predominantly
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Education outcomes of broadband expansion in Brazilian municipalities Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Alexandre Lauri Henriksen, Ana Carolina Zoghbi, Maria Tannuri-Pianto, Rafael Terra
This study analyzes the effect of local Internet speed infrastructure (backhaul) on educational outcomes. In 2008, the Brazilian government implemented an Internet expansion policy that brought broadband to more than 3000 municipalities. The policy was designed with implementation criteria that make it a natural experiment that can be investigated through a regression discontinuity design (RDD). The
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Big Tech platform acquisitions of start-ups and venture capital funding for innovation Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-05-06 Tiago S. Prado, Johannes M. Bauer
This paper investigates the effects of “Big Tech” platform acquisitions on venture capital (VC) funding for start-ups. We analyze 32,367 venture capital deals between 2010 and 2020, and 392 tech start-up acquisitions by Google, Facebook, Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft. Results obtained with fixed effects panel and differences-in-differences estimators reveal a positive, statistically significant, average
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Does digitalization spur global value chain participation? Firm-level evidence from emerging markets Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-04-04 Sasidaran Gopalan, Ketan Reddy, Subash Sasidharan
Does digitalization by firms spur participation in Global Value Chains (GVCs)? Rapid strides in information and communication technology (ICT) through cost-effective and reliable telecommunications have facilitated multinational firms to outsource complex production activities across borders over the years. While the rise of GVCs to prominence has coincided with the ICT revolution, there is very little
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Zero-rating, content quality, and network capacity Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-01-31 Emmanuel Lorenzon
We consider a departure from net neutrality by an Internet service provider (ISP) that financially discriminates among content providers through exclusive zero-rating contracts. Zero-rating is an instrument to distort competition between content providers and the manner in which consumers value content. We analyze its implications for the incentives to provide quality in the market for content and
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Market must be defended: The role of counter-espionage policy in protecting domestic market welfare Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2022-01-08 Alex Barrachina, Teresa Forner-Carreras
Governments of advanced economies are extremely concerned about the illicit acquisition of information on critical technologies employed by their industries, and countering this economic espionage is quickly becoming one of their top priorities. The present paper advances the theoretical analysis of the interaction between economic espionage and counter-espionage, and presents a first approximation
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The impact of telecommunication regulatory policy on mobile retail price in Sub-Saharan African countries Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2021-12-18 Onkokame Mothobi
This paper examines the effect of regulatory policies on mobile retail prices. Using quarterly data for 8 African countries for the period 2010:Q4 to 2014:Q4 we estimate structural demand and supply equations. We find that mobile termination rates (MTR) have significant positive impact on mobile retail prices. A decline in average MTR of 10% decreases average mobile retail prices by 2.5%. On the other
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The role of prior warnings when cheating is easy and punishment is credible Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2021-12-04 Marc Humbert, Xavier Lambin, Eric Villard
During the COVID-19 sanitary crisis, many exams were hastily moved to online mode. This revived a much needed debate over the privacy issues associated with online proctoring of exams, while the validity and fairness of unproctored exams were increasingly questioned. With a randomized control trial, we estimate the effectiveness of prior warnings as a means of discouraging academic dishonesty in exams
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Mobility restrictions and the substitution between on-site and remote work: Empirical evidence from a European online labour market Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2021-10-16 Frank Mueller-Langer, Estrella Gómez-Herrera
Intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, online labour markets are at the core of the economic and policy debate about the future of work and the conditions under which we work online. We analyse the effects of an increase in the cost of on-site work induced by COVID-19-related mobility restrictions on the substitution between on-site and remote job postings and between on-site and remote hires. We benefit
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Are emerging technologies helping win the fight against corruption? A review of the state of evidence Inf. Econ. Policy (IF 2.769) Pub Date : 2021-09-15 Isabelle Adam, Mihály Fazekas
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is often thought of as a uniformly positive tool making governments more transparent, accountable, and less corrupt. However, the evidence on it is mixed and often misunderstood. Hence, this article carries out a systematic stocktaking of ICT tools’ impact on corruption, offering a nuanced and context-dependent assessment. The tools reviewed are digital