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Replicable Patent Indicators Using the Google Patents Public Datasets The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 George Abi Younes, Gaétan de Rassenfosse
Recognising the increasing accessibility and importance of patent data, the article underscores the need for standardised and transparent data analysis methods. We illustrate the construction and relevance of commonly used patent indicators derived from Google Patents Public Datasets. The indicators range from citation counts to more advanced metrics like patent text similarity. The BigQuery code is
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The Cost of Congestion for State and Local General Government Services in Australia The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Felix Chan, Jeffrey D. Petchey
As the population increases, spending on publicly provided goods must also increase if there is congestion and governments want to maintain provision of the same level of benefit to everyone. This article estimates a parameter capturing this impact of congestion for the state and local component of the general government sector in Australia. It shows the congestion parameter is likely to be between
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Ritalin, Animal Spirits and the Productivity Puzzle The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Tony Ward
This article argues the importance of animal spirits throughout the economy in improving productivity performance. It overviews the idea of animal spirits and people's level of confidence in undertaking economic activity. It then notes a gap, a missing residual, in economists' efforts to understand productivity growth. Two well-documented measures indicating animal spirits are the levels of social
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Redefining Parent's Unpaid Labour: Distinguishing Errands from Housework for Targeted Mental Health Policy The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Nataliya Ilyushina
Studies of the association between unpaid housework and wellbeing, especially for parents, has produced either negative or inconclusive results in previous studies. One potential oversight is that ‘housework’ often includes activities with a counteracting effect on mental health. By employing the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) data set that differentiates ‘housework’ from
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Investment Policy Impacts on the Australian Aboriginal Art Market The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Jenny Lye, Joe Hirschberg
Legislation designed for one purpose may have unrelated side effects. In this article we examine the impact of recent changes in the application of the sole purpose test for artworks to be used as assets in retirement funds on the Australian Aboriginal art market. This is important since art sales represent a significant source of non-government income for remote Australian Aboriginal communities.
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Gender Gaps in Unpaid Domestic and Care Work: Putting The Pandemic in (a Life Course) Perspective The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Janeen Baxter, Alice Campbell, Rennie Lee
Our paper examines trends in gender inequalities in unpaid domestic and care work over the short- and long-term in Australia, including assessing the impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns. We use the concept of time—historical, biographical and transitional—as a framework for our analyses. Drawing on data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, we find wide and continuing
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The Economic Consequences of Mr Trump and Mr Biden The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Ross Garnaut
Max Corden and Ross Garnaut published ‘The Economic Consequences of Mr Trump’ in this journal in 2018. This paper examines what has transpired in the US economy against that article. It notes continuity in budget and trade policy from the Trump Presidency to the Biden Presidency. The continuity in macro-fiscal and trade policies is accompanied by a significant departure in the focus of fiscal expansion:
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Distributional Comparisons Using the Gini Inequality Measure The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 John Creedy
This article is aimed at undergraduate and graduate economics students, as well as public sector economists, who are interested in inequality measurement. It examines the use of the Gini inequality measure to compare income distributions. The implicit distributional value judgements are made explicit, via the use of a particular form of Social Welfare Function. Emphasis is given to the interpretation
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Division of Household Labour and Fertility Outcomes Among Dual-Income Australian Couples The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Kristin Snopkowski
Gender revolution theories of fertility posit that when employed women have extensive child care and household responsibilities, they opt to reduce family size. This study examines how household gender inequality influences decisions to have children. Several possible mediators, including wellbeing, relationship quality, and changes in desired family size, are examined. Results from the Household,
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How Productive Are Economics and Finance PhDs? The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Yihui Lan, Kenneth W. Clements, Zong Ken Chai
This article analyses the research productivity of more than 200 individuals in academe with a PhD in economics and finance from (mostly) Australian universities. We find the number of publications accumulates linearly with experience, while citations increase exponentially, pointing to network effects. Panel regressions indicate: (1) the key role of experience in determining research outcomes; (2)
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Evaluating Policy Impact: Working Out What Works The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Andrew Leigh
Randomised trials frequently produce surprising findings, overturning conventional wisdom. During the twentieth century, randomised trials became commonplace within medicine, saving millions of lives. Randomised trials within government can now be conducted more cheaply, using administrative data. Just as it might be considered unethical to conduct a randomised trial if a program is indisputably effective
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Monetary Policy Mistakes and Remedies: An Assessment Following the RBA Review The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Ross Garnaut, David Vines
This article responds to the Review of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), which was released on 20 April 2023. We describe the underperformance of the Australian economy over the past decade, and identify the contribution of RBA mistakes. We suggest remedies that would improve prospects for low inflation and unemployment. Returning to general prosperity requires better coordination of monetary, fiscal
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Nowcasting National GDP Growth Using Small Business Sales Growth The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Cahit Guven
This study shows that the Xero Small Business Index (XSBI) sales growth data can be used to predict the same period's national nominal GDP growth, with high accuracy, in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Findings show that XSBI sales growth can predict the same month's GDP growth around two weeks earlier than the official release in the United Kingdom. On the other hand, the three-month
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Introduction The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Sarantis Tsiaplias
In recent years, the domestic economic landscape has experienced numerous shocks and substantive change. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a sharp initial downturn, unprecedented levels of fiscal stimulus, and significant social change (such as a large proportion of the population working from home). More recently, we observed a sharp rise in inflation, culminating in a marked shift from expansionary
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Can Pre-recorded Evidence Raise Conviction Rates in Cases of Domestic Violence? The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Steve S. Yeong, Suzanne Poynton
This paper explores the association between pre-recorded evidence and court outcomes in cases of domestic violence. Net of controls and time fixed effects, we find that cases with pre-recorded evidence are 3.4 percentage points more likely to result in a conviction. This increase occurs through three channels: a 5.6 percentage point increase in the probability of a conviction among (the one in four)
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Place-Based Policies and Nowcasting The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Ashton de Silva, Maria Yanotti, Sarah Sinclair, Sveta Angelopoulos
There is a growing need to gauge local economic activity in real time. Localised economic challenges have been emphasised in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Real-time trackers (such as OECD trackers) and other nowcasting applications typically correspond to national or highly aggregated regions. In this discussion paper, we briefly explore how unconventional data might be used to produce nowcasts
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Nowcasting Key Australian Macroeconomic Variables The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Michael Anthonisz
Forecasts are relied upon as a guide to what future outcomes for the economy might be. However, it is also important to estimate what is happening in the economy now or has taken place in the recent past. This is where ‘nowcasts’ come in. In this article, I describe what nowcasting is, why it can be a useful tool for macroeconomists as well as present daily nowcasts of key Australian macroeconomic
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Labour Mobility With Vocational Skill: Australian Demand and Pacific Supply The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Michael A. Clemens, Satish Chand
Can new channels for mid-skill labour mobility simultaneously enhance the welfare of Australia and the Pacific Region? Answering this question requires forecasting Australian demand for vocationally-skilled migrants over the next generation, and the potential for Pacific supply of those migrants. We project demand for such mid-skill migrants over the next three decades by combining data on trends in
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Housing Fever in Australia 2020–23: Insights from an Econometric Thermometer The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Shuping Shi, Peter C. B. Phillips
Australian housing markets experienced widespread and, in some cases, extraordinary growth in prices between 2020 and 2023. Using recently developed methodology that accounts for fundamental economic drivers, we assess the existence and degree of speculative behaviour, as well as the timing of exuberance and downturns in these markets. Our findings indicate that speculative behaviour was indeed present
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Changing Nature of Patents in Australia The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Sasan Bakhtiari
Recent decades have seen substantial changes to the innovation systems of major economies, not least due to a paradigm shift caused by the digital revolution. Whether smaller advanced economies such as Australia have undergone a similar shift or moved to fill the void left by other countries is unclear. This issue is important as it sets the long-term growth path of these economies. I use Australian
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Under- and Postgraduate Education in Health Economics for Australia's Medical Practitioners: Time for Change? The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Jeffrey C. L. Looi, Jasmine M. Davis, Martin Hensher, Stephen J. Robson
Directly or indirectly, medical practitioners influence health-care policy and spending through their clinical decision-making. As medical expertise and technology has grown, and patient choice has been empowered by the consumer movement, there are now many more medical interventions than can be accommodated in a finite national health-care budget. We reviewed the Australian Medical Council, Medical
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Local House Price Effects of Internal Migration in Queensland: Australia's Interstate Migration Capital The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Isil Erol, Umut Unal
We examine the causal impact of internal migration on housing prices across 82 Statistical Areas Level 3 regions in Queensland, Australia from 2014–2019. The primary findings are: (i) an annual increase in the inflow of migrants equal to 1 per cent of a region's initial population leads to a 0.6 to 0.7 per cent annual increase in Queensland's house prices across different empirical specifications;
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Introduction The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Barbara Broadway
Home ownership—the great Australian dream—seems to be increasingly out of reach for many Australians. Increasing house prices, especially in relation to wages, have long been on the front pages of newspapers and at the centre of policy debates about affordable housing. A host of policy measures—from shared equity schemes over government-backed loan guarantees for selected demographics to tax incentives
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Why we should increase Rent Assistance The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Bruce Bradbury
While the 2023–24 Budget saw the first real increase in rent assistance in Australia since 1990, this was small compared to the growth in real incomes over the three decades. Rapid increases in advertised rents, and expectations that these will flow through to average rents, make an increase in this payment all the more urgent. This article reviews the arguments for and against providing rent assistance
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Reforming the Private Rental Sector: Challenges in the 2020s and Beyond The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-05-30 Kath Hulse, Zoë Goodall
Researchers, policy-makers and the media all highlight a crisis in the Australian private rental sector. Often, proposed rental reforms that centre tenants are claimed to cause property owner disinvestment and have a negative impact on the rental market. Recent research which we co-authored found these claims are not substantiated by evidence. In this article, we argue that further reforms are needed
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Alternatives to Paying Child Benefit to the Rich: Means-Testing or Higher Tax? The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Ray Rees, Thor O. Thoresen, Trine E. Vattø
There appears to be a general movement away from universal child benefits and towards means-testing. In the present article we argue that instead of suppressing the labour supply of middle-income parents by withdrawing the transfer as a function of income, one should consider the alternative of financing a generous universal child benefit by increasing taxation of income. The implications of means-testing
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Volatile Mining Revenues and State Government Budget Decisions The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-04-28 John Freebairn, William Griffiths
Mining royalties provide a volatile source of revenue for state governments in Australia. We explore the effects of changes in royalty revenue received by a state government on current-year budget decisions about expenditure, tax revenue and the budget surplus. The literature postulates different models for how lower-level government budget decisions respond to a revenue windfall from a higher level
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The Market for Economics and Finance PhDs The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-03-17 Yihui Lan, Ian W. Li, Zong Ken Chai, Kenneth W. Clements
This paper presents new information about the post-graduation activities of those with a PhD in economics and finance from an Australian university. Approximately 40 per cent have an academic job, while the other 60 per cent work elsewhere or engage in other activities. The analysis includes origin‒destination networks for both the academic and non-academic markets, the determinants of earnings and
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Introduction The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-03-03 Jeff Borland
This article introduces the Policy Forum. It contains: (i) a brief overview of the fiscal policies introduced to deal with COVID-19 and their impact on Australia's economic performance; (ii) summaries of the articles in the Forum; and (iii) suggested learnings for policymaking in future crises.
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Australian Government COVID-19 Business Supports The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Timothy Watson, Paul Buckingham
This article documents the considerable economic support provided to businesses by the Australian Government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that measures were associated with higher levels of business profitability and savings, a strong recovery in payroll jobs and wages, and mixed effects with respect to business dynamism. We formally evaluate the SME Cashflow Boost, finding costs per
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Economic Growth Theory and Natural Resource Constraints: A Stocktake and Critical Assessment The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Robbie Maris, Mark Holmes
Society is facing significant environmental challenges. The effects of climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental degradation are being increasingly felt worldwide. In recent years, researchers have attempted to adapt neoclassical and endogenous growth theory to account for constraints imposed by scarce natural resources. In this article, we review where, and how, researchers tend to incorporate
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Digital Privacy: GDPR and Its Lessons for Australia The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Ratul Das Chaudhury, Chongwoo Choe
Australia's Privacy Act 1988 is under review with a view to bringing Australia's privacy laws into the digital era, more in line with the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This article discusses how the GDPR can be refined and standardised to be more effective in protecting privacy in the digital era while not adversely affecting the digital economy that relies heavily on
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Too Much of a Good Thing? Australian Cash Transfer Replacement Rates During the Pandemic The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Robert Breunig, Tristram Sainsbury
During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 the Australian federal government temporarily expanded the level of cash relief available to the working-age population through supplemental benefit payments, a wage subsidy and allowing lump sum withdrawals from private pensions. Here we examine the scope and direct distributional consequences of these measures. Two in five working-age Australians
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COVID-19 and Long-Term Economic Growth The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Jinji Hao, Harry Gregg, Yao Yao
This article investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the long-term economic growth of South Africa. We embed an epidemiological model in a modified Solow–Swan model and explore various channels such as morbidity, mortality, unemployment, loss of school days and capital accumulation. We demonstrate that COVID-19 will lower the average annual growth rate of GDP per capita of South Africa
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The Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia: A Closer Look at Gender Gaps in Employment, Earnings and Education The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-02-13 Leonora Risse
Three years into the COVID-19 pandemic, this article considers the longer-lasting economic impacts on the Australian workforce through a gender lens. Using Australian Bureau of Statistics data, it analyses changes in employment, earnings and educational participation relative to the pre-pandemic trends that were predicted to have otherwise occurred. Despite women's employment moving back towards pre-pandemic
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JobKeeper: An Initial Assessment The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Jeff Borland, Jennifer Hunt
We present details of the design and implementation of the 2020–2021 JobKeeper program and review the literature on its impacts. JobKeeper stimulated the macroeconomy and restrained job loss in the downturn. But because the program was not narrowly targeted, the cost per job saved was high and the impact most likely regressive. However, it would not have been possible to devise and implement a more
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Comparing Income Distributions Using Atkinson's Measure of Inequality The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2023-01-09 John Creedy
This article is aimed at undergraduate and graduate economics students, and public sector economists, who are interested in inequality measurement. It examines the use of the Atkinson inequality measure to compare income distributions. A major feature of this measure is that distributional value judgements are made explicit, via the use of a particular form of social welfare function. Emphasis is given
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The Australian Economy in 2022–23: Inflation and Higher Interest Rates in a Post-COVID-19 World The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-12-29 Sarantis Tsiaplias, Jiao Wang
Record levels of domestic and global stimulus during the COVID-19 pandemic years helped to mitigate largely unparalleled downside risks. Post-COVID-19, inflation surged in Australia due to overseas factors such as the war in Ukraine, and domestic factors such as COVID-related backlogs in the construction sector. To constrain inflation, the Reserve Bank shifted to a phase of aggressive monetary policy
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Macroeconomic Implications of Changes in Corporate Tax Rates: A Review The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-12-13 Sacchidananda Mukherjee, Shivani Badola
Many countries have initiated structural reforms in corporate income tax (CIT) to attract investment and promote growth. There has been a continuous decline in CIT rates worldwide. It is expected that cuts in CIT rates may increase after-tax profits and encourage investment. A change in the CIT rate may also be shifted backward (by changing salaries and wages) and/or forward (by changing product prices)
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The Incomes of Visual Artists: Which Artists, What Income? The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-12-09 Kate MacNeill, Jenny Lye, Grace McQuilten, Marnie Badham, Chloë Powell
We review a body of literature that addresses the incomes of visual artists and their participation in the labour market. It is clear that the level and composition of visual artists’ incomes varies widely, as does their engagement in different forms of employment. The lack of a consistent definition of an artist and a lack of consistency in income sources included in current data collection presents
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Energy Disadvantage and Housing: Considerations Towards Establishing a Long Run Integrated Analysis Framework The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Lavinia Poruschi, John Gardner
The relationship between housing quality and energy disadvantage over the long run is a complex interaction of growing interest. This work navigates through conceptual definitions and datasets to highlight gaps in monitoring and evaluating energy disadvantage, particularly the role of housing in perpetuating or mitigating energy disadvantage. We find that in Australia there is no agreed-upon definition
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Fuel Poverty and the 2022 Energy Crisis The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Paul Simshauser
The Ukraine war has increased coal and gas prices during 2022. Consequently, spot prices in Australia's National Electricity Market rose from $75 to $225/MWh, year-on-year. Households are shielded from spot prices, but as energy retailer hedge contracts mature, they are replaced by higher cost contracts, and end-use retail tariffs will then rise. In this article, fuel poverty levels in Queensland are
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Empirical Evidence on the Incidence and Persistence of Energy Poverty in Australia The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-11-24 Esperanza Vera-Toscano, Heather Brown
Energy poverty is a temporary condition, yet a non-negligible share of the Australian population suffers persistent energy disadvantage. Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, we observe that single individuals, single-parent households and those with a disabled household member are at high risk of persistent energy poverty. This is also true for non-working individuals
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Energy Poverty: Measurement and Governance in Europe and Lessons for Australia The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-11-24 Sangeetha Chandrashekeran, Viktoria Noka, Stefan Bouzarovski
In Australia there is limited understanding of the scale and nature of energy hardship or poverty. Energy poverty remains a concept with no clear definition and therefore no clear objectives, targets, metrics for data collection nor institutions to monitor and report on. Europe, in the last decade, has gone from limited public recognition of, and policy action on, energy poverty, to now having sophisticated
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Introduction The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-11-22 Barbara Broadway
Over the course of 2022, the world has seen an enormous increase in energy prices, and Australia is no exception. Retail prices for electricity and gas have already increased steeply, but price increases in the future are expected to be even higher: when retailer's current contracts mature, the large price changes in the wholesale market will be increasingly passed on to consumers. The government's
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The ATO Longitudinal Information Files (ALife): Individuals—A New Dataset for Public Policy Research The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-11-15 Thomas Abhayaratna, Andrew Carter, Shane Johnson
The Australian Taxation Office Longitudinal Information Files: Individuals (ALife: Individuals), is one of the most comprehensive tax administrative datasets in the world. The ALife: Individuals dataset, which currently covers the period 1990‒1991 to 2017‒2018, is based on a 10 per cent longitudinal sample of administrative unit-record personal income tax data. This new, high quality, longitudinal
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A More Dynamic Economy The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Andrew Leigh
Economic dynamism is fundamental to productivity and living standards. Several important metrics suggest that the Australian economy has become less dynamic over recent decades. The share of workers starting a new job has fallen. Among employing businesses, the start-up rate has declined. On average, markets have become more concentrated. Mark-ups have increased. Reinvigorating competition policy may
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Heart Disease and The Economic Contributions of Elderly Men and Women: Evidence from Australia The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Marie Ishida, Teralynn Ludwick, Ajay Mahal
Macroeconomic forecasts and program evaluations of health service interventions are pessimistic about ageing populations, given their low work participation and high demand for social services. We estimate the impact of heart disease on paid work and the value of unpaid non-market activities of the Australian elderly, using Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) data, finding significant
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Nowcasting the Australian Labour Market at Disaggregated Levels The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 Samuel Shamiri, Leanne Ngai, Peter Lake, Yin Shan, Amee McMillan, Therese Smith, Kishor Sharma
Detailed labour market and economic data are often released infrequently and with considerable time lags between collection and release, making it difficult for policy-makers to accurately assess current conditions. Nowcasting is an emerging technique in the field of economics that seeks to address this gap by ‘predicting the present’. While nowcasting has primarily been used to derive timely estimates
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Public Debt: What Measures Should We Use? A Case Study of Public Debt in Mid- and Post-pandemic Australia and Its Economic, Policy and Social Consequences The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-09-02 Sebastian Zwalf, Robin Scott
The COVID-19 pandemic saw governments around the world suddenly accumulate substantially higher levels of public debt. We consider the level of debt entered into by Australia's federal, state and territory governments and compare this against three metrics for debt sustainability. Using these measures, we find that current and future public debt levels sit within what is regarded as sustainable by
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Yield Curve Control and Zero Interest Rate Policy in a Small Open Economy The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-08-30 Callum Jones, Mariano Kulish
At the zero lower bound, the expected duration of zero interest rate policy has two dimensions which are key to understanding the stance of monetary policy: (i) the actual duration communicated by the central bank or expected by the private sector, and (ii) the duration prescribed by the underlying monetary policy rule—the rule that is in place in normal times. In a small open economy, the duration
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Measuring the Welfare Gain from a New Good: An Introduction The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-08-09 John Creedy
This article provides an introduction to the measurement of welfare gains from the introduction of a new good, based on the concept of the ‘virtual price’ and standard expressions for welfare changes arising from price changes.
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Australia's Fiscal Space: The Role of Public Investment The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-07-22 Begoña Domínguez, John Quiggin
How large is Australia's fiscal space? Blanchard (2019) shows that as long as the real interest rate R$R$ is below the real growth rate G$G$, a government can sustain a positive primary deficit with a constant (or even declining) ratio of public debt to GDP. In this article, we explain the neutral real interest rate and the reasons for its decline. Then, we discuss the results of a companion paper
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The 2020 Aged Care Workforce Census and Issues Arising for Residential Care Workforce Planning and Policy The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 Anna Howe
The Australian Government has committed to addressing the recommendations on workforce made by the 2021 Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety. Implementation requires a sound information base but examination of the 2020 Aged Care Workforce Census finds it inadequate for these purposes. Only half the reported 32 per cent workforce increase is substantiated on the basis of funding increases
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The 2020 Aged Care Workforce Census and Issues Arising for Residential Care Workforce Planning and Policy The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 Anna Howe
The Australian Government has committed to addressing the recommendations on workforce made by the 2021 Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety. Implementation requires a sound information base but examination of the 2020 Aged Care Workforce Census finds it inadequate for these purposes. Only half the reported 32 per cent workforce increase is substantiated on the basis of funding increases
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Illustrating Income Mobility and Poverty Persistence The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 John Creedy, Norman Gemmell
This article introduces several diagrams relating to relative income mobility, positional change within the distribution and poverty persistence. They are easy to produce and, at a glance, provide valuable information about income mobility and poverty dynamics, given information about the incomes of a cohort of individuals in two time periods.
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Illustrating Income Mobility and Poverty Persistence The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 John Creedy, Norman Gemmell
This article introduces several diagrams relating to relative income mobility, positional change within the distribution and poverty persistence. They are easy to produce and, at a glance, provide valuable information about income mobility and poverty dynamics, given information about the incomes of a cohort of individuals in two time periods.
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Company Income Tax and Business Investment The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-05-21 John Freebairn
There are many financial paths that link different savers who provide funds to different business investors. Path options considered include combinations of corporate and unincorporated businesses, resident and non-resident savers, debt and equity, and distributed and retained earnings. These different financial paths have different mixes of attributes valuable to savers and investors. As a result
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Company Income Tax and Business Investment The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-05-21 John Freebairn
There are many financial paths that link different savers who provide funds to different business investors. Path options considered include combinations of corporate and unincorporated businesses, resident and non-resident savers, debt and equity, and distributed and retained earnings. These different financial paths have different mixes of attributes valuable to savers and investors. As a result
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Does Monetary Policy Stabilise Food Inflation in India? Evidence From Quantile Regression Analysis The Australian Economic Review (IF 0.934) Pub Date : 2022-05-17 Asharani Samal, Phanindra Goyari
This study examines the role of monetary policy shocks on food inflation in India, spanning from January 2009 to December 2019. Utilising quantile regression analysis, we find that contractionary monetary policy stabilises food inflation across the quantiles. However, exchange rate and transportation cost play a substantial role in promoting food inflation in lower, middle and all quantiles. Our study