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The Evolution of the “Waters of the United States” and the Role of Economics Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 David A. Keiser,Sheila M. Olmstead,Kevin J. Boyle,Victor B. Flatt,Bonnie L. Keeler,Daniel J. Phaneuf,Joseph S. Shapiro,Jay P. Shimshack
For nearly 50 years, the Clean Water Act (CWA) has served as the main environmental statute that regulates water quality in the United States. Yet the jurisdictional limits of the act, in terms of which waters are regulated, remain unresolved. This article reviews the complicated history of these waters of the United States (WOTUS) and discusses the important role of economics in understanding the
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Agri-environmental Programs in the United States and Canada Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Kathy Baylis,Jonathan Coppess,Benjamin M. Gramig,Paavani Sachdeva
Canada and the United States have a rich history of policy interventions aimed at improving environmental outcomes from agricultural production. We review the agri-environmental programs in these two countries as well as the related economic literature. Despite the impacts of agriculture on land, water, and climate quality, the literature on agri-environmental programs has largely focused on a few
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Agriculture and the Environment: Policy Approaches in Australia and New Zealand Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 David Pannell,Abbie Rogers
This article provides an overview of agri-environmental policies in Australia and New Zealand. Unlike in other developed countries, there is generally no expectation in Australia and New Zealand that farmers will be fully compensated for the costs of complying with agri-environmental policies. Most expenditures aimed at changing farming practices are allocated to projects in particular locations and
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Pollution Trends and US Environmental Policy: Lessons from the Past Half Century Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Joseph S. Shapiro
This article proposes and evaluates four hypotheses about US pollution and environmental policy over the past half century. First, air and water pollution has declined substantially, although greenhouse gas emissions have not. Second, environmental policy explains a large share of these trends. Third, much of the regulation of air and drinking water pollution has benefits that exceed costs, although
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European Agri-environmental Policy: Evolution, Effectiveness, and Challenges Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Berit Hasler,Mette Termansen,Helle Ørsted Nielsen,Carsten Daugbjerg,Sven Wunder,Uwe Latacz-Lohmann
European agri-environmental policy has diverse and competing objectives. The Common Agricultural Policy has been the main policy framework guiding the European Union (EU) and its member states in the design and implementation of both mandatory and voluntary agri-environmental policy instruments. Voluntary agri-environmental schemes, which were introduced in the 1990s, continue to play a central role
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The Evolution of Pollution Auctions Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Ian A. MacKenzie
This article traces the evolution of pollution auctions. The article examines how auction design began with an initially simple auction format and has progressed over time, focusing on auctions in three key pollution regulation programs: the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, the US Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, and the California Cap-and-Trade Program. In response to the unique characteristics of
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COVID-19 Research and Policy Analysis: Contributions from Environmental Economists Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Madison Ashworth,Todd L. Cherry,David Finnoff,Stephen C. Newbold,Jason F. Shogren,Linda Thunström
We discuss contributions by environmental and natural resource (ENR) economists to research and policy analysis of COVID-19. ENR economists have a perspective and tool kit that are particularly well suited to this task. The field of environmental economics began as an interdisciplinary endeavor and has since built on its early legacy to assemble a large set of conceptual models and empirical methods
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The Relative Merits of Carbon Pricing Instruments: Taxes versus Trading Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Robert N. Stavins
There is widespread agreement among most economists that economy-wide carbon pricing will be a necessary (although not necessarily sufficient) component of any policy that can achieve meaningful and cost-effective CO2 reductions in large, complex economies. But there is less agreement about which of two carbon pricing instruments will be better. Some support carbon taxes, while others favor cap-and-trade
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A Carbon Levy for International Maritime Fuels Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Ian Parry,Dirk Heine,Kelley Kizzier,Tristan Smith
The International Maritime Organization has pledged to reduce carbon emissions from the shipping industry by at least 50 percent below 2008 levels by midcentury. The next step is to design a strategy for implementing this commitment. A carbon levy for international maritime fuel is a critical component of this strategy because it provides across-the-board incentives for near-term mitigation, the robust
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The Use of Green Nudges as an Environmental Policy Instrument Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Fredrik Carlsson,Christina Gravert,Olof Johansson-Stenman,Verena Kurz
This article discusses the use of green nudges—behavioral interventions aimed at reducing negative externalities—as an environmental policy instrument. We present a new framework for classifying nudges according to how they affect behavior. Pure nudges change the choice environment to guide behavior unobtrusively. Moral nudges trigger a psychological reaction to encourage behavior change. Our review
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Quality Science for Quality Decisions: Protecting the Scientific Integrity of Benefit–Cost Analysis Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Al McGartland
Benefit–cost analysis (BCA) provides important science to inform regulatory decision-making. Ideally, the BCA should be based on science, including economics. However, the prominent role of BCA in the policy-making process also creates an incentive to adopt practices that produce results that support a preferred policy. Indeed, rather than informing decision-making, BCA can become a tool for justifying
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Extractive Industries and Gender Equality Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Sarah Baum,Anja Benshaul-Tolonen
What is the impact of extractive industries such as oil, gas, and mining on gender equality? We seek to answer this question. A correlational analysis of cross-country data indicates that resource-dependent countries generally have greater gender inequality, lower education levels for men and women, lower absolute female welfare, and more conservative attitudes toward women. To further explore the
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It’s Not Easy Being “Green”: Lessons from Norway’s Experience with Incentives for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Katalin Springel
Governments around the world are planning to accelerate their efforts to decarbonize and electrify their transportation sector. In this article, I describe the key role charging stations play in electric vehicle (EV) markets and discuss how a lack of charging infrastructure can pose a barrier to EV adoption. Then I discuss Norway’s experience with incentives for charging infrastructure and consumer
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Integrating Natural Capital into National Accounts: Three Decades of Promise and Challenge Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Carter Brandon,Katrina Brandon,Alison Fairbrass,Rachel Neugarten
Economists and ecologists have worked for decades on measuring sustainability by supplementing or adjusting traditional economic indicators such as GDP. Given the threats to humanity from climate change, environmental degradation, and biodiversity loss, it is vital to incorporate values of natural capital into national economic decision-making. This review focuses on how natural capital applications
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Integrating Economics into Research on Natural Capital and Human Health Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Brendan Fisher,Luz A. de Wit,Taylor H. Ricketts
In the past two decades, there has been a rapid expansion in research that examines the linkages between natural capital and human health. These nature–human health connections range from mangroves mitigating mortality from coastal storms to a walk in nature temporarily lowering blood pressure. While the evidence base for research on natural capital and human health is growing and study designs are
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The Evolution of Economic Views on Natural Resource Scarcity Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Edward B. Barbier
Since the 1950s, as environmental challenges have evolved, so too have economic views on natural resource scarcity. This article discusses three distinct phases in this evolution. From the 1950s to the 1970s, the “resource depletion era,” the environment was viewed mainly as a source of key natural resources and a sink for waste, and thus the focus of economics was on whether there are physical “limits”
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Pushing New Technology into the Market: California’s Zero Emissions Vehicle Mandate Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Virginia McConnell,Benjamin Leard
California’s long-running Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) program represents a unique policy approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. It mandates that manufacturers sell passenger cars and trucks that have zero tailpipe emissions, which in today’s market are electrified vehicles, including battery electric and fuel cell vehicles. The policy, when it was initiated
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Biological Invasions and International Trade: Managing a Moving Target Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Rebecca Epanchin-Niell,Carol McAusland,Andrew Liebhold,Paul Mwebaze,Michael R. Springborn
International trade is a key pathway for the global spread of nonnative species. Historical and emerging trade flows interact with ecological dynamics to shape nonnative species risk and determine how that risk can be mitigated. This article discusses these underlying processes, emerging trade trends, and the role of past and future economics research in understanding and managing nonnative species
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The Role of Retrospective Analysis in an Era of Deregulation: Lessons from the US Mercury and Air Toxics Standards Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Mary Evans,Karen Palmer,Joseph Aldy,Meredith Fowlie,Matthew Kotchen,Arik Levinson
As of late 2020, the Trump administration had initiated almost 100 rollbacks of US environmental regulations. A careful assessment of the benefits and costs of rolling back an existing regulation can and should inform such decisions. When assessing the potential rollback of an existing regulation, analysts can often learn from the regulation’s implementation through retrospective analysis as well as
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Lessons Learned from US Experience with Biofuels: Comparing the Hype with the Evidence Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Madhu Khanna,Deepak Rajagopal,David Zilberman
Biofuel production in the United States, primarily from corn, has more than doubled since 2007, leading to concerns about its unintended consequences for agricultural and fuel markets. To examine the validity of these concerns and inform the debate about biofuels and their impacts, we review ex ante projections and ex post evidence of the effects of biofuels on land use, food and fuel prices, and greenhouse
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The Economics of Regulatory Repeal Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Alan J. Krupnick,Arthur Fraas,Justine Huetteman
Given the Trump administration’s emphasis on repealing regulations, this article discusses issues related to conducting benefit–cost analyses of regulatory repeal. In particular, the article develops analyses of the repeal and modification of six major rules issued by the Obama administration and compares them to analyses conducted by the Trump administration. The results illustrate the sensitivity
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Recent Increases in Air Pollution: Evidence and Implications for Mortality Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Karen Clay,Nicholas Z. Muller,Xiao Wang
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An Economic Perspective on Water Security Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Dustin E. Garrick,Robert W. Hahn
Water security involves multiple interrelated policy challenges that economists often analyze separately. This article examines the issue of water security from an economic perspective, identifying economic causes and consequences of infrastructure financing deficits, water misallocation, and water risks. To help address these challenges, we review trends in defining and measuring water security and
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Revealed Preference Methods for Nonmarket Valuation: An Introduction to Best Practices Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Ian J. Bateman, Catherine L. Kling
This article provides an introduction to the symposium on best practices for using revealed preference methods for nonmarket valuation. Nonmarket valuation is an essential tool in the benefit–cost analysis (BCA) of environmental goods and services. Here, we identify the role of BCA in several key U.S. Executive Orders, U.K. appraisals, and European Union Directives that inform decision-making concerning
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Feature—Public Land Conflicts and Controversies: The Designation of National Monuments in the Western United States Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Margaret Walls
Public lands can provide a wide range of environmental benefits. Granting protective status to these lands generally imposes restrictions on resource development and extraction activities and thus often generates conflict and debate among public and private stakeholders. In the United States, this is especially the case for national monuments, which are areas that contain significant historic, prehistoric
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Best Practices for Using Hedonic Property Value Models to Measure Willingness to Pay for Environmental Quality Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Kelly C. Bishop, Nicolai V. Kuminoff, H. Spencer Banzhaf, Kevin J. Boyle, Kathrine von Gravenitz, Jaren C. Pope, V. Kerry Smith, Christopher D. Timmins
The hedonic property-value model has been refined over more than forty years to become one of the premier approaches to valuing environmental amenities. This article presents best practices for hedonic property-value modeling when the goal is to measure households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for a change in a spatially varying amenity. The starting point is a research design that identifies a source
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Best Practices for Implementing Recreation Demand Models Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Frank Lupi, Daniel J. Phaneuf, Roger H. von Haefen
This article discusses best practices for implementing recreation demand models. We focus on insights that research and experience provide for the typical recreation application, where the analyst uses individual-level data to measure the value of changes in recreation site access or quality at one or more destinations. We examine issues related to data collection, pre-analysis tasks, modeling, and
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Feature—Is a Replicability Crisis on the Horizon for Environmental and Resource Economics? Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Paul J. Ferraro, Pallavi Shukla
Environmental and resource economists pride themselves on the credibility of their empirical research. In other disciplines, however, the credibility of empirical research is increasingly being debated by scholars. At the core of these debates are critiques of widespread practices, such as selectively reporting results or using designs with low statistical power, and critiques of the professional incentives
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Editorial—The Trump Administration’s Attacks on Regulatory Benefits Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Richard L. Revesz
For the last four decades, benefit–cost analysis has been a mainstay of the U.S. federal regulatory process and, under Executive Orders in effect since 1981, such analysis must generally be used to justify significant federal regulations. While administrations of different parties have occasionally differed on the methodologies used to assess costs or benefits, these disagreements operated within the
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Using Revealed Preference Methods to Estimate the Value of Reduced Mortality Risk: Best Practice Recommendations for the Hedonic Wage Model Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Mary F. Evans, Laura O. Taylor
The hedonic wage model provides a key input into benefit–cost analyses of public policies that are aimed at reducing mortality risks: an estimate of the value of reduced mortality risk (VRMR), also known as the value of a statistical life. Because a large majority of the benefits associated with policies that improve air quality stem from mortality risk reductions, estimates of the VRMR play an exceptionally
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The Economics of the Joint Management of Water Resources and Aquatic Species in the United States Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Kailin Kroetz, Yusuke Kuwayama, Caroline Vexler
The health of many marine, coastal, freshwater, and other aquatic ecosystems is inextricably linked to decisions about the management of water quality and quantity. In this article we review the economic literature aimed at quantifying the impacts of water resource management on aquatic species in the United States and the potential welfare gains of managing water and aquatic species systems jointly
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Policy Brief—The Effectiveness of Phosphate Bans in the United States Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 David A. Keiser
Nutrient pollution is one of the leading causes of declines in surface water quality both in the United States and globally. This article discusses three important issues that influence the effectiveness of recent U.S. policies that ban the use of phosphates in household and commercial products and, ultimately, these policies’ ability to improve water quality. First, the U.S. production of phosphates
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The Use of Group-Level Approaches to Environmental and Natural Resource Policy Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Matthew J. Kotchen, Kathleen Segerson
Policies to address environmental and natural resource management are often implemented at the group level. The defining feature of such policies is that penalties or rewards are based on group rather than individual performance, or rights are allocated to a group rather than to individuals. This article discusses how group-level policies have been applied and studied across a variety of contexts in
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Irrigation Technology and Water Conservation: A Review of the Theory and Evidence Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 C. Dionisio Pérez-Blanco, Arthur Hrast-Essenfelder, Chris Perry
Farming accounts for approximately 70 percent of freshwater withdrawals worldwide, and it often constitutes the lowest value use of freshwater. Where water is scarce, advanced irrigation technologies such as drip and piped delivery systems have been promoted as “water conservation technologies” (WCTs) that reduce agricultural water consumption, thus releasing water to alternative uses (e.g., the environment)
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The Rebound Effect and the Proposed Rollback of U.S. Fuel Economy Standards Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Kenneth T. Gillingham
The Trump administration’s August 2018 proposed rollback of the 2020–2026 fuel economy standards has been the subject of great controversy in the policy community. The justification for the rollback was based on an analysis indicating that the previous fuel economy standards would be associated with more than 12,000 additional fatalities over the lifetime of the vehicles affected by the standards.
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The Benefits and Pitfalls of Using Satellite Data for Causal Inference Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Meha Jain
There has been growing interest in using satellite data in environmental economics research. This is because satellite data are available for any region across the globe, provide frequent data over time, are becoming available at lower cost, and are becoming easier to process. While satellite data have the potential to be a powerful resource, these data have their own sources of biases and error, which
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Carbon Tax Review and Updating: Institutionalizing an Act-Learn-Act Approach to U.S. Climate Policy Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Joseph E. Aldy
The design of climate change policy must address a number of key uncertainties, including the impacts of climate change, the economics of a carbon tax, and the global effort to combat climate change. A periodic review of each of these issues would provide new information and analysis that could be used to reduce uncertainty and inform the updating of a carbon tax over time. This article proposes and
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The Political Economy of Hybrid Approaches to a U.S. Carbon Tax: A Perspective from the Policy World Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Susanne A. Brooks, Nathaniel O. Keohane
While market-based climate policy in the United States has been dominated by emissions trading, including policies at the state level and in proposed major federal legislation, a number of recent U.S. climate proposals focus on a carbon tax (or fee). Just as emissions trading programs have included some form of “price containment” measures, carbon tax policies may include “emissions assurance” provisions
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Assessing the Rationale for the U.S. EPA’s Proposed “Strengthening Transparency In Regulatory Science” Rule Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Madison E. Condon, Michael A. Livermore, Jeffrey G. Shrader
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering a new policy that would prohibit the agency from issuing regulations that rely on studies whose underlying data are not publicly available. While the EPA claims it is pursuing this policy in the interest of transparency, we argue that such a prohibition would greatly hinder, rather than help, the rulemaking process and would likely result
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Estimating the Economic Impacts of Climate Change Using Weather Observations Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Charles D. Kolstad, Frances C. Moore
This article reviews methods that use historical data on weather, climate, economic activity, and other variables to statistically measure the effect of climate on economic outcomes. This has been an active area of research for several decades, with many recent developments and discussions in the literature concerning the best way to estimate climate damages. The article first presents a conceptual
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An Emissions Assurance Mechanism: Adding Environmental Certainty to a U.S. Carbon Tax Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Gilbert E. Metcalf
Economists have long favored a carbon tax as the most efficient policy to curb greenhouse gas emissions. One barrier to broader support for this policy option is its failure to ensure limits on emissions. Environmental groups, in particular, have expressed skepticism about carbon taxes for this failure to explicitly limit emissions. In response, policymakers have shown interest in a hybrid carbon tax
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How Should We Think about Environmental Policy and Jobs? An Analogy with Trade Policy and an Illustration from U.S. Coal Mining Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Jeremy G. Weber
Public discussions of environmentally motivated policies include much confusing talk about job loss. Does job loss in a polluting industry mean that others should endure dirty air or that complementary policies are needed? To clarify the jobs issue, I use concepts from research on international trade policy and its effects and apply them to recent job loss in the U.S. coal industry. The case of coal
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Designing and Evaluating a U.S. Carbon Tax Adjustment Mechanism to Reduce Emissions Uncertainty Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Marc A. C. Hafstead, Roberton C. Williams
There is increasing political interest in the United States in an economy-wide carbon tax. However, many environmental groups see the emissions uncertainty under a carbon tax as a significant shortcoming, leaving them reluctant to support carbon taxes without some assurance about emissions outcomes. This has created an interest in options for reducing a carbon tax’s inherent emissions uncertainty.
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Timing Is Everything: How Economists Can Better Address the Urgency of Stronger Climate Policy Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Lawrence H. Goulder
Building on recent consensus findings from climate scientists, this article argues that stronger policy action to address global climate change is urgent. The article indicates how economists can better address this urgency and thereby contribute more effectively to climate policy discussions. Greater effectiveness requires that economists focus their policy assessments more sharply on the timing of
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Climate damage functions for estimating the economic impacts of climate change in the United States Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 James E. Neumann, Jacqueline Willwerth, Jeremy Martinich, James McFarland, Marcus C. Sarofim, Gary Yohe
Recent advancements in the availability of models and data to characterize the economic impacts of climate change have improved our ability to project both the physical impacts and economic effects of climate change across economic sectors of the United States. These advancements have in turn provided an opportunity to estimate these impacts across multiple economic sectors using a consistent set of
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Cooperation in the Climate Commons Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Stefano Carattini, Simon Levin, Alessandro Tavoni
Climate change is a global externality that has proven difficult to address through formal institutions alone due to the public good properties of climate change mitigation and the lack of a supranational institution for enforcing global treaties. Given these circumstances, which are arguably the most challenging for international cooperation, commitment problems and free-riding incentives for countries
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Policy Brief—The Need for More (Not Less) External Review of Economic Analysis at the U.S. EPA Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Kevin J. Boyle, Matthew J. Kotchen
Under President Donald Trump, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made significant changes to the way it conducts economic analyses of regulatory actions. Changes in the assumptions and methods used in regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) have produced fundamentally different conclusions about the economic benefits and costs of significant regulations. At the same time, the EPA has eliminated
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An Examination of Recent Revealed Preference Valuation Methods and Results Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Robert Mendelsohn
In order to support the use of economics in environmental management, revealed preference studies continue to advance the measurement of environmental values. Together with integrated assessment models, these values are ever more useful for environmental management. This article briefly reviews revealed preference methods, which infer values from observed behavior. A new emphasis in this literature
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Revealed versus Stated Preferences: What Have We Learned About Valuation and Behavior? Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Anna Alberini
In this article I review and discuss the use of stated and revealed preference methods in two contexts: the estimation of the value per statistical life (VSL) and the “energy efficiency gap,” namely the slow pace of adoption of energy efficient technologies, even when they make economic sense. I examine whether revealed preference and stated preference studies complement one another in answering basic
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Strategies for Managing Common Pool Natural Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Past Experience and Future Challenges Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Rashid Hassan, Eric Mungatana, Wisdom Akpalu
This article reviews the literature on the conservation and livelihood impacts of recent policy and institutional reforms concerning the management of common pool natural resources in sub-Saharan Africa. The evidence suggests that the specific institutional and natural resource context is critical to the success or failure of reforms. We also identify several methodological and data deficiencies in
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Human Migration in the Era of Climate Change Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Cristina Cattaneo, Michel Beine, Christiane J. Fröhlich, Dominic Kniveton, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso, Marina Mastrorillo, Katrin Millock, Etienne Piguet, Benjamin Schraven
Migration is one response to climatic stress and shocks. In this article we review the recent literature across various disciplines on the effects of climate change on migration. We explore key features of the relationship between climate change and migration, distinguishing between fast-onset and slow-onset climatic events and examining the causes of heterogeneity in migratory responses to climate
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The Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters: A Review of Models and Empirical Studies Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 W. J. Wouter Botzen, Olivier Deschenes, Mark Sanders
Economic losses from natural disasters have been increasing in recent decades. This has been attributed mainly to population and economic growth in disaster-prone areas. Future natural disaster losses are expected to increase due to a continued increase in economic exposure and climate change. This highlights the importance of designing policies that can mitigate the impacts of these disasters on the
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The Role of Stated Preference Valuation Methods in Understanding Choices and Informing Policy Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Nick Hanley, Mikołaj Czajkowski
This article examines the role of stated preference (SP) valuation methods in the environmental economist’s toolbox. Overall, the article makes the case for using SP methods in a wide range of settings, showing how the approach can be used to both inform policy and gain a better understanding of people’s choices and preferences. First, we provide an overview of SP methods and discuss a number of policy
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Editorial—The Role of Environmental Economics in U.S. Environmental Policy Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Gina McCarthy
This Editorial, written by a former United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator under President Barack Obama, is adapted from the author's keynote address on June 25, 2018 at the World Congress of Environmental and Resource Economists in Gothenburg, Sweden. It reviews the important history of environmental economics and how it has influenced rulemaking at the EPA. It discusses
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Marine Plastic Pollution: Sources, Impacts, and Policy Issues Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Bethanie Carney Almroth, Håkan Eggert
Plastics have been instrumental in providing access to clean drinking water, medical applications, and improved hygiene and food safety. However, plastics also cause problems. More than 10 million tons of plastic enter the oceans annually. Marine plastic pollution has documented impacts on marine organisms and ecosystem services. The use of chemical additives in plastics also poses a potential threat
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Policy Brief—Regulating Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration: Insights from the Deepwater Horizon Experience in the Gulf of Mexico Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Charles F. Mason
On April 20, 2010, the Macondo well suffered a blowout, causing the mobile offshore drilling unit Deepwater Horizon to explode and eventually sink. Oil flowed from the well into the Gulf of Mexico for 87 days. In the aftermath of this event, the U.S. government proposed significant regulatory changes related to offshore oil and gas exploration and production. In this article I consider the likely costs
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The Distribution of Environmental Damages Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Solomon Hsiang, Paulina Oliva, Reed Walker
Most regulations designed to reduce environmental externalities impose costs on individuals and firms. A large and growing literature examines whether these costs are disproportionately borne by different sectors of the economy and/or across different groups of individuals. However, much less is known about how the environmental benefits created by these policies are distributed, which mirror the differences
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Developing Guidance for Implementing Border Carbon Adjustments: Lessons, Cautions, and Research Needs from the Literature Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Aaron Cosbey, Susanne Droege, Carolyn Fischer, Clayton Munnings
Policymakers are often reluctant to implement strong carbon pricing for fear of disadvantaging domestic industries and offshoring emissions-intensive activities. Border carbon adjustment (BCA) would address such carbon leakage concerns by using trade measures to ensure that products from foreign producers facing lower (or no) carbon prices are on equal footing with domestically produced goods. Despite
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Feature—Taking Stock of Catch Shares: Lessons from the Past and Directions for the Future Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Anna M. Birkenbach, Martin D. Smith, Stephanie Stefanski
With the widespread implementation of catch shares (i.e., rights-based fisheries management) at the end of the twentieth century, economists have begun to examine empirical evidence about their performance. Yet despite documented positive outcomes and predicted gains from wider adoption of this approach, catch shares face persistent political opposition and criticism in the noneconomics literature
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Policy Brief—Using Lessons from Reverse Auctions for Renewables to Deliver Energy Storage Capacity: Guidance for Policymakers Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy (IF 7.048) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Maureen Lackner, Steven Koller, Jonathan R. Camuzeaux
As renewable technologies grow cheaper, intermittency is emerging as a critical challenge for achieving large-scale renewables deployment in the electric power sector. Energy storage is particularly well suited to help integrate renewables into the power sector’s energy mix because of its ability to store excess energy when prices are low, which can then be discharged when prices are high (i.e., energy