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Eye-tracking-based human fatigue detection at traffic control centers suffers from an unavoidable problem of low-quality eye-tracking data caused by noisy and missing gaze points. In this article, the authors conducted pioneering work by investigating the effects of data quality on eye-tracking-based fatigue indicators and by proposing a hierarchical-based interpolation approach to extract the eye-tracking-based

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Computer cursor control using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is a common and well-studied brain-computer interface (BCI). The emphasis of the literature has been primarily on evaluation of the objective measures of assistive BCIs such as accuracy of the neural decoder whereas the subjective measures such as user's satisfaction play an essential role for the overall success of a BCI. As far as we

Emerging technology for brain-state monitoring offers the possibility to conduct measurements outside the laboratory. However, user-experience research is lacking. In this article, we present and test an approach for determining the development of user experience in the course of time using the so-called cross-modality matching (CMM). We conducted experiments with 24 subjects and evaluated seven mobile

Anatomy training with real cadavers poses many practical problems for which new training and educational solutions have been developed making use of technologies based on real-time 3-D graphics. Although virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have been previously used in the medical field, it is not easy to select the right 3-D technology or setup for each particular problem. For this reason

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Humans can rapidly change their low-frequency arm dynamics to resist forces or give way to them. Quantifying driver time-varying arm dynamics is important to develop steer-by-wire and haptic support systems. Conventional linear time-invariant (LTI) identification, and even time-varying techniques such as wavelets, fail to capture fast changing dynamics. Moreover, such techniques require perturbation

Synchrony at the physiological level is an objective measure that can be used to investigate cooperation between human agents. This physiological synchrony has been experimentally observed in different dyadic contexts through measures of the autonomous system such as cardiac measures. Various metrics are used to characterize synchrony between participants such as cross-correlation, weighted coherence

Reciprocal cooperation is prevalent in human society. Understanding human reciprocal cooperation in human-agent interaction can help design human-agent systems that promote cooperation and joint performance. Studies have found that people reciprocate cooperative behavior when interacting with computer agents in social dilemma games. However, few studies have investigated human reciprocal cooperation

Choosing adequate gestures for touchless interfaces is a challenging task that has a direct impact on human–computer interaction. Such gestures are commonly determined by the designer, ad-hoc, rule-based, or agreement-based methods. Previous approaches to assess agreement grouped the gestures into equivalence classes and ignored the integral properties that are shared between them. In this article

Limitations of a haptic device can cause distortions of the force feedback it presents. Just-noticeable difference (JND) in system dynamics is important for creating transparent haptic interaction. Based on the previous work, this article presents a unified model that extends the existing JND rule. Our approach projects the JNDs in the mechanical properties of a second-order mass-spring-damper system

In autonomous multiagent or multirobotic systems, the ability to quickly and accurately respond to threats and uncertainties is important for both mission outcomes and survivability. Such systems are never truly autonomous, often operating as part of a human-agent team. Artificial intelligent agents (IAs) have been proposed as tools to help manage such teams; e.g., proposing potential courses of action

While newer designs and control approaches are being proposed for rehabilitation robots, vital information from the human musculoskeletal system should also be considered. Incorporating knowledge about joint biomechanics during the development of robot controllers can enhance the safety and performance of robot-aided treatments. In this article, the optimal path or trajectories of a parallel ankle

People with autism have idiosyncratic sensory experiences, which may impact on how they live the “spaces” of their everyday life. Starting from an investigation of their conception and experience of “secure places,” we defined a series of user requirements for designing technology that supports their everyday movements in the urban environment. On the basis of such requirements, we developed an interactive

In visually rich working environments, it is important for operators to distribute their visual attention in an optimal fashion in order to operate safely. Computational models can provide a systematic method of investigating the attention distribution of humans. In this article, we reanalyze eye tracking data from anesthesiologists when inducing general anesthesia to test whether the so-called expectancy

An important challenge in smart environments is how to manipulate the smart objects. Although mobile applications are typically used for controlling a smart environment, no previous study has evaluated the users performance in manipulating smart objects under different environmental complexities. This article presents an experimental comparison between three different selection techniques 3-D, 2-D

Human activity recognition (HAR) using smartphones provides significant healthcare guidance for telemedicine and long-term treatment. Machine learning and deep learning (DL) techniques are widely utilized for the scientific study of the statistical models of human behaviors. However, the performance of existing HAR platforms is limited by complex physical activity. In this article, we proposed an adaptive

The brain–computer interface (BCI) and the tracking of eye gaze provide modalities for human–machine communication and control. In this article, we provide the evaluation of a collaborative BCI and eye gaze approach, known as a hybrid BCI. The combined inputs interact with a virtual environment to provide actuation according to a four-way menu system. The following two approaches are evaluated: first

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Software is a critical component of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). While BCI hardware enables the retrieval of brain signals, BCI software is required to analyze these signals, produce output, and provide feedback. Users from multiple research areas have adopted BCI software platforms to investigate various concepts. Recently, interest in web-based BCI software has also emerged. The system design

Prosthetic hands have made a significant influence on the quality of life of people with upper arm amputation. Research on prosthetic hands today is focused on replicating the functionalities of the biological hands. The present article provides a bibliometric survey on bionic hands, done through a compilation of a scientific publications database on the field of prosthetic hands spanning the last

This article reviews the human–machine interaction (HMI) technologies used for telemanipulation by small unmanned systems (SUS) with remote manipulators. SUS, including land, air, and sea vehicles, can perform a wide range of reconnaissance and manipulation tasks with varying levels of autonomy. SUS operations involving physical interactions with the environment require some level of operator involvement

This article presents a locomotion controller for lower limb exoskeletons so as to enable the combined robot and user system to exhibit compliant walking characteristics when interacting with the environment. This is of critical importance to reduce the excessive ground reaction forces during the walking task execution with the aim of improved environmental interaction capabilities. In robot-aided

Movement/walking assistance devices have the great advantage of supporting quality of life for the elderly in an aging society. To strike a balance between efficiency of movement and employment of the elderly user's own body, we developed a smart mobility system called Tread-walk, which is controlled by the user walking on a treadmill and amplifies the user's walking speed. Since the user's walking

Novel driver support systems potentially enhance road safety by cooperating with the human driver. To optimize the design of emerging steering support systems, a profound understanding of driver steering behavior is required. This article proposes a new theory of driver steering, which unifies visual perception and control models. The theory is derived directly from measured steering data, without

Virtual reality (VR) has proven to be a useful tool for conducting human factors research in interface design. With the development and promotion of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology, researchers are focusing on designing different types of interfaces to induce trust in road users toward this new technology. In this article, VR is used to investigate pedestrians’ understanding of proposed designs

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The primary purpose of this article is to determine the impact of a simulated agent's transparency on human performance and related variables, such as response time, workload, and trust calibration. The agent supports participants as they complete a base defense task by managing a team of heterogeneous unmanned vehicles and serves as a decision aid to the human. Three conditions of transparency are

Joint attention often happens during social interactions, in which individuals share focus on the same object. This article proposes an egocentric vision-based system (ego-vision system) that aims to discover the objects looked at jointly by a group of persons engaged in interactive activities. The proposed system relies on a collection of wearable eye-tracking cameras that provide an egocentric view

Robot-assisted physical therapy of the upper limb is becoming popular among the rehabilitation community. The wrist is the second most complicated joint in the upper limb after shoulder in terms of degrees of freedom. Several robotic devices have been developed during the past three decades for wrist joint rehabilitation. Intensive physical therapy and repetitive self-practice, with objective measurement

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Mobile crowdsensing recruits a group of mobile users to cooperatively perform a common sensing job with their smart devices. As a special issue, photo crowdsensing allows users to utilize the built-in cameras of mobile devices to take photos for an event or a target. Then, the photos can be used in numerous application areas, such as target reconstruction, scenario reduction, and so on. Therefore,

This article describes a stochastic framework for integrating human whole-body motions with natural language. Human whole-body motions in daily life are measured by inertial measurement units (IMU) and subsequently encoded into motion primitives. Sentences are manually attached to the human motion primitives for their descriptions. Two aspects of semantics and syntactics are represented by stochastic

This paper presents accurate grasp prediction algorithms that can be used for naturalistic, synergistic control of exoskeleton gloves with minimal user input. Recent research in exoskeleton systems has focused mainly on the development of novel soft or hard mechanical designs and actuation systems for rehabilitative and assistive applications. On the other hand, estimating user intent for intelligent

Pattern-recognition-based myoelectric control systems are not yet widely available due to their limited robustness in real-life situations. Some postprocessing methods were introduced to improve the robustness in previous studies, but there is lack of investigation into movement transition phases. This article presents a novel postprocessing method based on movement pattern transition (MPT) detection

Traditional human-robot interfaces usually have limitations in accuracy and/or operational space. This article proposes a natural human-robot interface using an adaptive tracking method, which can effectively expand the operational space while ensuring high accuracy. The natural interface allows the robot to directly reproduce the user's hand movement, making the interaction more intuitive and natural

Virtual reality (VR) is regarded as a useful tool for teleoperation systems and provides operators with immersive visual feedback on the robot and the environment. However, without any haptic feedback or physical constructions, VR-based teleoperation systems normally suffer from poor maneuverability, and operational faults may be caused in some fine movements. In this article, we employ mixed reality

The 1960s crossover model is widely applied to quantitatively predict a human controller's (HC's) manual control behavior. Unfortunately, the theory captures only compensatory tracking behavior and, as such, a limited range of real-world manual control tasks. This article finalizes recent advances in manual control theory toward more general pursuit and preview tracking tasks. It is quantified how

This article investigates performance in multiple concurrent tracking tasks with multisensory displays in a driving context. In many work domains, such as driving, aviation, process control, and medicine, humans perform “tracking” tasks that involve observing continuous variables and providing a control input to achieve and maintain satisfactory levels in those variables. Performance in multiple concurrent

This paper employs computational approaches to model and explore the efficacy of different incentive structures on the decision making behavior of dispatchers in complex queueing networks, and the subsequent effects of these decisions on teams working within the network and on network performance itself. Computational models that express network structure and function, as well as the decision making

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Drilling and completing an oil/gas well is a time-sensitive and high-value operation, in which environment/system parameters change in unseen, unpredictable environments. Safety issues arise at every stage. Drilling principles can be taught using traditional methods, but safety and event response are difficult to teach in such formats. Here, in this article, we integrate a hardware-in-the-loop simulator