In the context of beyond-5G indoor communication systems, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a viable supplement for existing RF-based systems and as an enabler for high data-rate communications. However, the existing indoor VLC systems are limited by detrimental outages caused by fluctuations in the VLC channel-gain due to user-mobility. Furthermore, the nonlinear characteristics of

Network management for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is challenging, keeping in view the high mobility of the vehicles. Hence, for smooth execution of various operations such as rescue, surveillance, and crowdsensing in a UAV environment, softwarization of UAV networks becomes essential, which separates control functions from hardware, i.e., data from the control plane. Using softwarization, various

In this paper, we propose an adaptive deep learning-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) receiver design for coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where the noise in the systems presents some correlation among time domain, which deteriorates the system transmission performance severely. To improve the system performance, we employ the linear convolutional code at the transmitter, and

Cognitive radio non-orthogonal multiple access (CR-NOMA) technique can enhance the perception of whole resources by combining cognitive radio and non-orthogonal multiple access, and improve user access and spectrum utilization. This paper proposes a multi-antenna selection scheme for satellite-aerial–terrestrial cooperative network based on CR-NOMA, and focus on maximizing the secondary users’ rate

Efficient low-complexity and low-latency forward error correction (FEC) decoding is vital in high-speed optical receivers. The weighted bit-flipping (WBF) decoding algorithm is a low-complexity and high-performance iterative decoder for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, devised for symmetric Gaussian channels. In this paper, we present a generalization of the WBF algorithm and its variants to

This paper proposes an adaptive bit allocation scheme by using a fully connected (FC) deep neural network (DNN) considering imperfect channel state information (CSI) for heterogeneous networks. Achieving an accurate CSI has a crucial role on the system performance of the heterogeneous networks. Different quantization techniques have been employed to reduce the feedback overhead. However, the system

This paper investigates the performance of physical (PHY) layer secrecy in a cooperative relaying with opportunistic relay selection, where an eavesdropper intercepts the transmit signals between the authorized users. At first, theoretical expressions are derived for three performance criteria for evaluating the PHY security, namely: the secrecy outage probability, the average of secrecy capacity,

In this paper, a soft-equalization-based single iterative receiver is proposed for the recently proposed PAM-DMT-based hybrid optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PHO-OFDM) system to enhance its bit error rate (BER) performance. The interlayer interference and clipping noise of the pulse amplitude modulated discrete multitone (PAM-DMT) branch and DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency

In this paper, we analyze the performance of cooperative power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access systems (PD-NOMA) for multiple users in a multiple energy-harvesting (EH) relay network with unreliable backhaul links over Nakagami-m fading channels. In the proposed system, multi-destination users are allocated various powers and communicate with the best transmitter (Tx) via the best relay. EH relay

The power proportion allocation for each user in down-link (DL) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems is analyzed. Successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique is deployed to recover users’ signal with highest differences between channel gains. In proposed optimization design, initially, the minimum total power and the power proportion factor

With the advancements of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology for use in different environments, it can be easily substituted for traditional transportation in event of emergencies. In the medical domain, UAV can play a vital role in the fast and efficient delivery of first aid and medical supplies. In the current study, safe and smooth UAV navigation from the initial position to the medical

Within massive multiple-input-multiple-output (Massive MIMO) system, pilot contamination (PC) is deemed as a stumbling block in boosting the spectral efficiency (SE) regarding fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication network. To alleviate efficacy of PC, efficient sectorization-based pilot allocation (ES-PA) scheme is recommended, here users equipment (UE) are divided corresponding to their si

In this paper, we consider the high-speed railway (HSR) communication bases on the long-term evolution for railway (LTE-R) platform. Since the large Doppler spread is introduced due to the movement of the train, the orthogonality of subcarriers is destroyed resulting in the inter-carrier interference (ICI). Moreover, the critical speed of transceivers moving leads to a very fast-time varying channel

Signal detection using deep learning is a challenging and promising research topic. Several learning-based signal detectors have been proposed to produce significant results. However, most of them have ignored interference in their designs. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of learning-based signal detectors in the presence of co-channel interference under different channel conditions. Specifically

Among non-coherent chaos-based communication schemes, improved-differential chaos-shift keying (I-DCSK) with the use of time-reversed chaotic sequences shows good achievement in bit-error-rate (BER) performance and spectral efficiency. To date, BER performance of the I-DCSK system has been investigated over various transmission channels in the presence of Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading. In this

We consider futuristic, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS)-aided communication between a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE) for two distinct scenarios: a single-input, single-output (SISO) system whereby the BS has a single antenna, and a multi-input, single-output (MISO) system whereby the BS has multiple antennas. For the considered IRS-assisted downlink, we compute the effective capacity

Polar codes are proven as the first codes to achieve the limit of channel capacity and have been adopted in 5G. Due to their construction characteristics and performance, they are expected to be utilized for flexible scenarios in 6G. For a given length of information, various code rates can be achieved by changing the number of frozen bits and by puncturing techniques. However, the arbitrary code rate

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is considered as a breakthrough technology in 5G and beyond 5G systems. Some of its main advantages are providing high spectral efficiency to many users simultaneously in the same time-frequency blocks, strong directive signals towards short-range areas and little interference leaks. However, while massive MIMO exhibits interesting benefits, it is important

A grid-less direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm via covariance matrix recovery is developed to improve the DOA estimation performance under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for coherent and non-coherent sources. Firstly, we propose to recover the covariance matrix by utilizing both the Hermitian Toeplitz structure of the covariance matrix and the noise statistical characters in the multiple

Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) has become popular as an alternative to OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). However, current FBMC systems found in the literature are not as compatible with MIMO (Multiple Input and Multiple Output) as OFDM is. This is due to the presence of inherent self-interference in current FBMC structures. Current literature uses maximal spectrally efficient waveforms

Recently, the research on sixth generation (6G) network systems has started as the deployments of fifth generation (5G) network systems go with a swing. One research aspect is the operation cost of 6G data centers because the energy consumption of the data centers has become a major portion of data centers’ operation cost as the request on 6G services gradually increases. Optimizing the energy consumption

More recently, there has been a growing interest in the blockchain technique for emerging multi-access edge computing (MEC) applications in relation to security and privacy, considering the benefits of using it in edge computing. In some blockchain-enabled MEC using the best-known consensus algorithm proof-of-work (PoW), the computational efforts increase dramatically with the number of transactions

We consider in this paper the scenario of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) source decode-and-forward (DF) relaying network with interference. The system includes single source of multiple reflecting elements, multiple DF relays, and single destination with interference at the relays and destination. Assuming Rayleigh fading channels, we obtain closed-form accurate approximations for the outage

Internet of Things (IoT), as a novel technology, has many challenges that massive connectivity and low latency are two most important of them. Machine to machine (M2M) communication is regarded as a new technology to realize IoT for the 5G wireless networks. In this paper, we are designed a new clustering scheme in a millimeter-wave (mmWave) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission to reduce

The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as aerial relay, i.e. UAV-assisted relaying, has the advantages of easy deployment, agility, and mobility compared to traditional ground relaying. In this paper, our goal is to acquire the universal outage probability (OP) analytical expression for multi-rotor UAV-assisted AF relaying with transceiver hardware impairments (HIs) while considering a practical

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and full duplex (FD) relaying are two promising techniques to enhance the spectral efficiency of the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique has recently emerged as an effective solution to improve the energy efficiency of wireless networks. This paper investigates outage and throughput performance

The multi-band signal fusion method is a practical and effective technique to improve the range resolution of the radar. This paper proposes a multi-stage approach based on the Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR) test for estimating the target range profile using sparse subband measurement data. The proposed subband fusion algorithm estimates, and compensates for the incoherent factors between the subbands

To sufficiently use the subcarrier index modulation in differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) of the recently suggested carrier index differential chaos shift keying (CI-DCSK) and two-layer carrier index differential chaos shift keying (2CI-DCSK), new subcarrier index modulation based DCSK is proposed and named grouping subcarrier index modulation DCSK (GSIM-DCSK). Two grouping subcarrier index modulations

Over the last decade, many advancements have been made in the field of wireless communications. Among the major technology enablers being explored for the fifth-generation (5G) beyond 5G (B5G) networks at the physical layer (PHY), a great deal of attention has been focused on millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems and beamforming techniques

This paper proposed two neighbor discovery schemes in the wireless D2D networks using directional antennas. The neighbor discovery process is modeled as a deterministic estimator learning automaton. Pursuit algorithm and Generalized Pursuit algorithm are used to further improve the efficiency of neighbor discovery. The nodes in the network adjust the direction of the directional antennas through learning

Conflicts in the data transmission lead to a serious waste of energy, so it is pivotal to design a parallel and less conflict communication protocol for sensing nodes with limited energy. In this paper, a Parallel joint Optimized Relay Selection (PORS) protocol is proposed to reduce collision, delay as well as energy consumption for wake-up radio enabled WSNs. First, the basic Consecutive Packet Transmissions

The joint unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) trajectory and power allocation optimization for Non-orthogonal multiplex access (NOMA) protocol in cognitive radio network is investigated in this paper. In the considered system, the UAV node transmits data streams to multiple secondary users by using NOMA protocol under the interference constraint to the primary user. In order to maximize the sum rate of all

Fog radio access networks (F-RANs) architecture is regarded as a prominent solution to deploy the caching and computing functions at the edge nodes of the network. However, the ever-increasing data traffic demand and the latency requirements of emerging applications pose new challenges to F-RANs. To minimize content fetching latency, we propose a cooperative content caching and power allocation scheme

The combination of Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is an emerging technology that can meet the requirements of spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. In this paper, we study the achievable rate maximization for jointly downlink and uplink network with power splitting-based SWIPT. We propose two different models. By using Single-Input

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems employ hybrid analog-digital precoding/combining design, to reduce the number of radio-frequency (RF) chains without large sum-rate performance loss. Committee machines combine several expert algorithms to yield better reliable estimates to those of its constituent experts. However, several committee machines

As the essential technology of cognitive radio networks, numerous spectrum sensing approaches have been established to date. However, some spectrum sensing methods seem to fail in providing an effective signal feature and an accurate decision threshold, which affects the detection accuracy of the spectrum holes. In this article, to further ameliorate the recognition rate of the spectrum holes, a novel

As the traffic safety has become of utmost importance, much attention is given to intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), and more particularly to vehicular communications (VCs). Moreover, 50 % of all crashes happen at road intersections, which makes theme critical areas. In this paper, we investigate the improvement when implementing maximum ratio combining (MRC) in cooperative VCs transmission

We propose a novel framework for enabling scalable database-driven dynamic spectrum access and sharing of heterogeneous wideband spectrum. The proposed framework consists of two complementary approaches that exploit the merits of compressive sensing theory, low-rank matrix theory, and user cooperation to build an accurate heterogeneous wideband spectrum map by overcoming the time-variability of the

In standard PI-DCSK, information is transmitted by sending reference chaotic signal followed by information bearing signal, which is simply a permutated version of the reference signal. Permutation is performed based on a specific data map. In this paper, a developed version of (PI-DCSK) is presented and tested in AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading channels environment. Information bearing signal is

Recently, Nanonetworks has been envisioned as a predominant technology. Applications of whose ranges from environment to agriculture and biomedical to military, almost in every field of human life. It plays a vital role in crop monitoring for high-resolution agriculture and in detection of emitted volatile organic compounds. However, sensing range of an individual nanosensor is limited. Multi-hop,

Enabling multiple users to transmit on the same channel, simultaneously, is an essential part of the future generation of communication systems. Optimization of transmit power has a significant impact on the performance of communication systems. Under spectrum re-use, the transmit power of one user causes interference to the other users on the shared channels, also known as interference channels (ICs)

The physical-layer (PHY) security has been increasingly studied as a rising approach to enhance the security of wireless systems in addition to the extensively applied cryptographic strategy. This manuscript considers the issue of PHY security behavior in the downlink of large scale arrays. The adopted scheme is based on a maximum ratio precoder for the data signal and artificial noise that can be

In this paper, the sum Spectral Efficiency (SE) maximization in a two-tier non-terrestrial heterogeneous network is investigated. This network consists of a High Altitude Aerial Base Station (HABS) and several Low Altitude Aerial Base Stations (LABSs) that share downlink spectrum with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). The Aerial Base Stations (ABSs) are horizontally located based

Hybrid precoding is a promising solution to reduce hardware cost and power consumption via decreasing the number of RF chains without causing significant performance loss for large-scale MIMO systems. In this paper, for the single-user scenarios with reduced number of RF chains, a joint hybrid precoding scheme, with high spectral efficiency and low complexity, is proposed based on the equivalent channel

With the wide application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in industrial production, transportation, and entertainment, it is urgent to identify UAVs in time. Traditional UAV recognition mainly depends on wireless communication, which puts forward high requirements for a communication environment and has no way to deal with non-cooperative targets. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a UAV target recognition

In this paper, we consider the physical layer security of cooperative multiple relays networks, where the source tries to communicate the destination via modify-and-forward (MF) relaying in the presence of eavesdropper. More practical, transceiver residual hardware impairments (TRHIs) and channel estimation errors (CEEs) are taken into account. To improve secure performance and energy efficiency, the

In this paper the intensity modulation and direct detection of an optical link utilizing a Modified Manchester (MM) signal at the bitrate of 10 Gb/s and 25 Gb/s are presented for long-reach optical access networks. First-order and second-order optical equalizer were utilized to compensate the distortion in MM signal waveform caused by the chromatic dispersion in standard single mode fiber (SSMF). The

The big data market solves the problem of the effective utilization of data through treating data as the circulating commodity in the market. The existing body of research on the big data market suggests that either improving the availability of published data or protecting sensitive information when trading data s the current mainstream topic. To date, the balancing the availability and privacy of

There is always a need to reduce localization error in any wireless sensor network (WSN), and our aim is to observe the impact of localization uncertainty on network awareness. When nodes are deployed in a 2D plane and their l2-norm ranged triangulations are found, usually the unweighted localization uncertainty values become absurdly large with large triangulation cases. Moreover, there is no regard

This paper proposes a multi-sensor fault detection algorithm based on intelligent sensing systems. The algorithm establishes equations considering physical constraints and then uses the constraints between adjacent nodes to calculate the Kalman filter estimation value with state constraints, for fault diagnosis and data checking. The sensor structure propose herein is distributed, and the algorithm

The combination of device-to-device (D2D) communication with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an efficient solution to enhance the spectral efficiency and connection density of beyond fifth-generation cellular networks. In the paper, we optimize the power allocation of NOMA-enabled D2D communication. In particular, we formulate sum data rate maximization problem subject to the quality of services

Control and user plane split (CUPS) aided ultra-dense network (UDN) is considered as a promising technology in the fifth generation (5G) networks and will undoubtedly develop in beyond 5G (B5G), which can reduce control overhead and improve the system throughput of network. However, the serious interference and increased power consumption of ultra-dense networking due to densely deployed base stations

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems use superposition coding (SC) at transmitter and successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver in order to simultaneously transmit the messages of multiple users. In this paper, closed from expressions for the symbol error rate (SER) of superposition codes are derived. Moreover, an approximate expression is presented and it is shown that it

The covert underwater acoustic communication realized from the perspective of bionics draws an increasing interest in recent researches. Inspired by the frequency hopping spectrogram pattern, a bionic underwater acoustic communication method is proposed by using cetacean whistle as communication carrier. The basic idea is to generate synthetic whistle with different spectrogram to transmit the information

This paper designs an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) system. The main work of the UAV is to communicate with multiple ground users, meanwhile it should satisfy the quality and security via sending jamming signal to against the potential eavesdropper. We aim to maximize the secure computation efficiency, subject to the trajectory of the UAV, the minimum secret rate

5G and beyond networks are key technologies for realizing high data rate applications such as 4K video streaming and virtual reality. To enable these networks, high and ultra-high bands, i.e., millimeter wave (mmWave) and light fidelity (Li-Fi), with theirs wide range of unlicensed spectrum can be auspicious choice but both face serious technical issues that highly degrade their performance. For instance

Finite-length codes are learned for the Gaussian wiretap channel in an end-to-end manner assuming that the communication parties are equipped with deep neural networks (DNNs), and communicate through binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation scheme. The goal is to find codes via DNNs which allow a pair of transmitter and receiver to communicate reliably and securely in the presence of an adversary

In order to cancel the interference arising between the two signals transmitted over the horizontal and the vertical polarizations of the electrical field in pol-mux transmission, the coefficients of the channel matrix must be estimated. However, when the coefficients are fast time-varying, to estimate or, better, to track them becomes challenging, especially if the estimation is non-data-aided. This

The growth of mobile devices and their traffic volume make it necessary for mobile network operators to provide higher capacity. As traditional macrocell-based cellular networks could not support a massive number of mobile users, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are welcomed as a coexistence of macro-cells and small-cells in 5G mobile networks. The main challenge of 5G HetNets is the management of