Solution-mediated doping of photosensitive molecules into polymer optical fibers (POFs) has been proved to be a feasible way to prepare photoactive POFs. To accelerate the doping process, this study uses binary non-solvent/solvent mixtures rather than pure non-solvents to swell PMMA fibers and to facilitate diffusion of trans-4-stilbenemethanol into fibers. Binary solvent mixtures are composed of methanol

To avoid the Rayleigh backscattering (RB) beat noise in colorless wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) access architecture, the dual-band modulation diagram is proposed for demonstration. In the study, 11.25 Gbit/s orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless downstream and 2.5 Gbit/s remodulated on–off keying (OOK) upstream traffic are achieved by using same wavelength. Moreover, the

To address the thermal effect of 3000 W Yb-doped double-clad fiber (YDCF), a double-layer substrate is designed to encapsulate a high power fiber laser. A thermal resistance model is proposed where the contact between the layers is ideal, and the thermal conductivity and thickness, as well as the position of the additional layer, are considered. The axial temperature of the fiber is the lowest, and

A novel full-duplex wavelength division multiplexing radio-over-fiber (WDM-RoF) system based on optical frequency comb (OFC), which can generate dual frequency microwave signal simultaneously and realize wavelength reuse for uplink transmission, is proposed. In this proposal, OFC, which serves as the optical carriers of the WDM-RoF network, is performed by cascading two electro-absorption modulators

To measure surrounding refractive index (SRI) and temperature simultaneously, this paper presents a long period fiber grating in few-mode fiber fabricated by CO2 laser. The few-mode long period fiber grating (FM-LPFG) fabrication method is introduced in detail. Through the dislocation experiment, the resonant peaks formed by the coupling between the cladding modes and core modes LP01 and LP11 are observed

Partial discharges are a type of electric discharge that cause localized breakdowns in a small portion of an insulating material without forming a complete rupture. In high power electric machines as well as in transmission lines, partial discharges are caused by the degradation and/or the presence of defects in the insulation. The damage caused by the partial discharges can be either thermal, mechanical

In this study, a novel in-fiber optofluidic trace ethanol sensor is proposed firstly. The microstructured hollow fiber (MHF) with a suspended core is a key part of the overall device which is integrated with graphene oxide (GO). The GO can be uniformly trapped on the whole surface of the suspended core in the MHF by using evanescent field inducing method. When trace microfluidic ethanol passes through

An energy efficient and all optical 24 tupled radio frequency multiplication is proposed to generate 60 GHz using two cascaded dual parallel polarization modulators (DPPolMs). Detailed theoretical analysis is carried out using Jones matrix formalism. ±12th order optical sidebands are obtained at the output of second DPPolM which beat at the photo-detector (PD) to produce frequency 24 tupled RF carrier

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have emerged as innovative materials for sensors and actuators, and there is a need to develop a low-cost, simple, but sensitive sensor to detect hydrogel response events to external stimuli. This paper demonstrates a fiber optic sensor platform that can detect external stimulant events of a smart hydrogel. A tapered resonant fiber sensor was fabricated using arc-induced

In this paper, we present the first experimental demonstration of inter-channel nonlinearity (NL) estimation with differential pilot (DP). This method has a simplified encoding structure of transmitter and low complexity. The distribution of different components in the received signal spectrum can be differentiated with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the inter-channel NL power can be obtained by

Mean wavelength stability, a key indicator for evaluating the dynamic performance of Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source (ED-SFS) and high-precision fiber optic gyroscope (FOG), shows high sensitivity to environmental temperature fluctuations. In this paper, a thermally-stable ED-SFS in a one-stage backward configuration is proposed by incorporating a vertical cleaved fiber tail which acts as a

We have successfully applied intermode beating mode-locking (IBML) for short pulse generation in compact Tm3+-doped double clad fiber lasers (TDFLs). This IBML technique is implemented by longitudinal-mode frequency matching between pump source and laser oscillator without extra mode-locker. Here, the achieved IBML TDFLs can respectively generate 2056.47 nm, 2003.88 nm and 1963.79 nm short pulses.

In traditional fiber macro-bending loss crack sensors, temperature can affect the light source and the fiber link between the light source and the optical splitter, thereby reducing the measurement accuracy of the sensor. In this study, by combining a U-shaped-wound fiber bending loss crack sensor and an optical splitter on the fiber link, we reduce the effect of temperature on the light source and

The formation mechanisms for lead sulfide (PbS) semiconductor nanomaterials grown on silica substrate were investigated using density functional theory. There are two main reaction processes for the adsorption of Pb(tmhd)2 on a silica substrate and the reaction with H2S to form PbS. The activation barriers of the two reaction processes were quite low at 10.1923 and 20.6778 kcal/mol, which is energetically

This paper describes our recently proposed novel distributed vibration sensing (DVS) measurement technologies for visualizing the state of optical fiber in communication cables. Conventional fault location of optical fiber cable involves the measurement of just optical loss. However, in recent years, attempts have been made to visualize optical fiber attributes that cannot be observed with conventional

Alarm prediction in optical networks focuses on forecasting network failure from the state of equipment and links. The existing prediction methods usually rely on large amounts of data, while centralizing all processes in the network controller or management system may increase the system burden. In this paper, a novel method is proposed in self-optimized optical networks (SOON) to implement alarm

Fiber-optic interferometric sensor arrays are very attractive for many applications. One of the common used interrogation approaches for fiber-optic sensor arrays is the path matched differential interferometry (PMDI). It allows to interrogate a large number of multiplexed fiber-optic sensors by using an auxiliary compensation interferometer (CIF). This approach with using the phase modulator allows

Time-division multiplexing passive optical network (TDM-PON) is referred to as a green network because it consumes minimum energy compared to the other access networks technologies. The optical network unit (ONU) mainly chooses to adjust energy-saving in TDM-PON by turning off its receiver and/or transmitter for the substantial time that is called doze or sleep mode respectively. The main challenge

Elastic optical networking is a promising technology for the next generation of optical core networks and the routing, modulation and spectrum assignment (RMSA) problem is one of its key issues. The RMSA problems for immediately reservation (IR) and advance reservation (AR) requests have been widely researched. Malleable reservation (MR) requests are another kind of important traffics in elastic optical

Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) are central pieces in building transparent optical transport networks. However, due to physical limitations, these devices can be a source of in-band crosstalk, which affects the quality of the lightpaths routed and the network performance. Hence, to efficiently design optical networks it is important to study how this impairment is generated and

A screw-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) is proposed as a liquid-level sensor. The screw-shape is fabricated on a POF by a simple heat pressing and twisting method. The liquid-level sensing performances of the so-obtained sensor with different structural parameters are evaluated. The results show that the highest sensitivity can reach up to 0.52 dB/mm in measuring the liquid with refractive index

We have fabricated the first fully Zeonex single-mode (SM) step-index (SI) polymer optical fibre (POF). A rod-in-tube and a two-stage thermal drawing technique have been used to fabricate the SI preform and the fibre, respectively. The fabricated fibre has 4.8 μm core and 125 μm cladding diameter with a cutoff wavelength of 846 nm. The minimum propagation loss of the fibre is 3.01 dB/m at 796 nm, and

This paper demonstrated the use of Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) thin film as saturable absorber (SA) to generate Q-switched pulse train in erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity. The film was prepared in three methods; ZnPc was embedded into, casted onto and spin-coated onto the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film and the samples are referred to embedding ZnPc:PVA, casting ZnPc/PVA, and spin-coating ZnPc/PVA

The range of conventional passive optical networks (PONs) is 20 km, which are difficult to satisfy the requirements of accommodating increasing number of users and coverage areas. Thus, a software-defined long-reach PON (LR-PON) architecture which extends the access network to hundreds of kilometres is proposed in this paper. Using the proposed LR-PON architecture, which incorporates orthogonal frequency

A biased sawtooth wave modulation technology is demonstrated to eliminate back-reflection errors in a resonator photonic crystal fiber optic gyro (RPCFOG) as caused by the interface between the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and the polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF). The theoretical study indicates back-reflection noise leads to errors in the triangular waveform phase modulation RPCFOG

The potential for higher spectral efficiency has increased interest in mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems. However, the sensitivity of MDM to fiber nonlinearity and mode coupling, which induces nonlinear phase noise (NLPN), forms the main penalty. In this work, we developed an analytical model that describes the effects of fiber nonlinearity on the performance of m-array quadrature amplitude

An optic fiber refractive index (RI) sensor based on SMF-MMF-TMCF-SMF (SMTmS) structure is proposed. The MMF segment is introduced and confirmed theoretically and experimentally to act as an efficient optical coupler to launch the light from the center core to the cladding. Experimental results demonstrate that SMTmS is highly sensitive (1435.76 nm/RIU) to low surrounding RI in the range of 1.3330–1