Motivated by the current demand for improvements in transmission rate and energy efficiency of random wireless cellular networks, we investigate the theoretical model of random cognitive radio network in Rayleigh-lognormal fading environment. In such a network, we derive an analytical expression for the connection probability, transmission rate, and energy efficiency of a secondary network in a single-tier

A compact rectangular microstrip-fed Ultra Wideband patch antenna with double band notched feature at Wi-Max and WLAN is offered in this paper. The designed antenna is composed of an ordinary rectangular patch antenna with a partially defective ground structure. For achieving dual notch characteristics a ‘U’ and ‘Reversed U’ slots are embedded in the radiating patch. The partial ground plane structure

Intelligent connected objects, the building blocks of IoT, represent battery supplied electronic devices. These devices are expected to be deployed in very large numbers, and manual replacement of their batteries will severely restrict their large-scale or wide area deployments. Therefore, energy efficiency is of the utmost importance in the design of the IoT devices. The wireless communication between

Several existing spreading sequence estimation algorithms of long code direct-sequence spread spectrum (LC-DSSS) signals require prior knowledge of the symbol duration, but research on symbol duration estimation techniques of LC-DSSS signals are rare currently. In this paper, we proposed a method of estimating symbol duration for LC-DSSS signals. On the basis of the missing data model, a set of sample

Node localization is a fundamental task in wireless sensor networks as it is useful for several localization based protocols and applications. Node localization using Global Poisoning System (GPS) employed fixed terrestrial anchor nodes suffers from high deployment cost and poor localization accuracy in GPS denied locations. These issues can be easily handled by deploying movable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Inter-system handover is important for 4G/5G networks as these heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) have integrated different radio access technologies with diverse levels of performance. One of the major challenges is to make cell reselection and handover between these technologies. In this paper, we considered convergence of HWNs such as an integrated 3rd generation partnership project long term

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a network composed of numerous autonomous mobile nodes. In recent times, the opportunistic network, a type of MANET is gaining a lot of significance among the researchers, as it is capable of communicating with the sink node through an efficient selection of relay nodes. In the opportunistic networks, the node does not seek any knowledge about the network topology

Wireless sensor networks have been considered as an emerging technology for numerous applications of cyber-physical systems. These applications often require the deployment of sensor nodes in various anisotropic fields. Localization in anisotropic fields is a challenge because of the factors such as non-line of sight communications, irregularities of terrains, and network holes. Traditional localization

A new dynamic relationship-zone routing protocol (DRZRP) for ad hoc networks is proposed. In this protocol, each node in the network establishes a neighboring-zone with a radius of ρ hops, and activates a relationship-zone according to the service request frequency and service hotspot condition. DRZRP establishes proactive routing for neighboring-zone and relationship-zone of the node, and the relationship-zone

Ad-Hoc UWB-IR technology is being researched and exploited in different fields. Some of its potential applications include Military solutions, emergency search and rescue, collaborative computing, distributed computing, and smart-home applications. Yet, in any of the previously cited domains, Information and network security is a corner stone. Consequently, it becomes mandatory to guarantee the confidentiality

Although Long-term Evolution (LTE) technology has currently being used in data and voice transmission, reserved frequency bands for GSM is still in use due to its strengthen against multipath fading and it provides wider coverage area. Poor coverage problems caused by low signal level directly reduce network performance and cause undesirable cases for voice transmission. The aim of this study is first

A fast handover authentication protocol takes an important role for delay-sensitive applications in wireless networks. Mobile users may be granted different priorities depending on communication fees they paid. In this paper, we present a priority-aware anonymous handover authentication protocol using attribute-based cryptography. The proposed protocol realizes mutual authentication, user anonymity

This paper presents a new optimized design to implement Fast Fourier Transform in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for real valued signals. The proposed method is a new pipelined design, it is the combination of serial as well as parallel split and merge processing butterfly units. The proposed design initially has a single processing unit, in second stage, processing unit splits into two

In this paper, a (relay)-aided interference alignment (RIA) strategy was considered based on the benefits offered by relay-based cooperative networks. Along with the benefits offered by cooperative networks, the RIA was shown as a practical solution for a K-user BC network. The relationship between the achievable DoF region of the RIA and the different levels of outdated channel state information (CSI)

Express evolution in smart wireless communication address the issue of spectrum scarcity. Implementation of cognitive radio (CR) is one of the promising technologies for the effective utilization of spectrum. Sensing is the critical component of cognitive radio. Moreover, encouraged by the element of sensing is critical for consistently defining spectral opportunity and succeeding opportunity in spectrum

Internet of Things (IoT) involves all the surrounding with smart devices to Internet and has been gaining more recognition because it provides substantial benefits in comparison to other systems. Further, due to the decentralized nature of IoT network many types of active and passive attacks are possible. The distributed denial of service is the active type of attack which reduces network performance

In unsupervised classification, the subspace clustering is gaining the scope for the categorization of the more comprehensive and random image pool. In this paper, the visual and appearance features of images are evaluated independently and jointly for optimizing the subspace clustering. The normalized-image is divided into smaller blocks and extracted the visual and textural features. Entropy, Homogeneity

Several techniques are available for face age progression still identity preservation as well age estimation accuracy are big challenges and need attention. So, the proposed work is focused on these key issues using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). To produce a realistic appearance with an enhanced vision of face image, a fusion-based Generative Adversarial Network approach is used. GAN has

Wireless communication is more prone to random loss than wired communication because of noise and mobility. Over years researchers have developed TCP variants that do not decrease the send window when random loss arises. Years ago it was introduced TCP CERL algorithm that proved to present a high performance compared to other protocols. Here, we test CERL assuming two-way transmission of relatively

With today’s rapid urbanization, global cities are constantly expanding to accommodate population growth. It is estimated that global cities will add another 2.5 billion new residents by the year 2050. However, along with this rapid expansion also arises the need for cities to provide infrastructure support in order to provide their residents with a good quality of life that is both sustainable and

Wireless sensor network comprises several small nodes distributed randomly in an area under observation. These nodes sense the assigned physical phenomenon occurring around it and reports back to the base station. WSN is increasingly applied in defense, industrial, health care applications etc. Some applications envisage movement of the nodes. This results in frequent alteration of network topology

In most scenarios of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), different traffic types have specific service requirements. None of the previous MAC schemes has been able to provide true pre-emption to the high priority data. This paper introduced a novel data fragmentation scheme for low priority traffic in order to improve the delay performance of high priority traffic in WSN. It is proposed that instead of

Using ad hoc information amid of adaptable terminals, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are absolute of any kind of communication infrastructure even though the communication quality might be degrade, since the mobile nodes roam in the service area and therefore the route paths have been disconnected frequently and re-established later. This has been considered as a major problem for quality metric and

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are distributed systems where each user shares his resources and cooperates with other users. These networks are designed over IP-based infrastructure. The resources of each user in these networks are shared in a distributed way on a trust based mechanism. P2P networks have some unique characteristics like scalability and cost efficiency, which separate these networks from

Through the Internet of Things (IoT) the internet scope is established by the integration of physical things to classify themselves into mutual things. A physical thing can be created by this inventive perception to signify itself in the digital world. Regarding the physical things that are related to the internet, it is worth noting that considering numerous theories and upcoming predictions, they

The Service Function Chaining (SFC) is an architecture to orchestrate network services by creating and deploying the rule-based service function chains and steering network traffic through them. One of the main tasks in SFC is the optimal composition of the service functions and checking the validation of the composed service chain based on the predefined rules. As the problem of optimal chain composition

Navigating an individual in both outdoor and indoor environments would provide great facilities for the community. Image-based approaches are more affordable and feasible in comparison to the high cost of sensor devices and unavailability of guiding by GPS in indoor systems. Thus, we develop our system using cameras owing to their easy availability and accessibility. Primarily, detecting the location

In this paper, we considered a distributed antenna system (DAS) to expand the coverage of VHF maritime communication systems and analyzed its performances. To reflect the geometrical distributed antenna port placements along the coastline, we considered a linear antenna layout. By deriving the lower bounds of the expected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we analyzed the SNR performances for both single-ship

5G is anticipated in 2020. In this generation of mobile networks, a great deal of requirements have been set. Although, there are many strong technologies in the telecommunications’ sector they do not respond to the 5G goals. On the other hand, telecommunication operators and providers do not want to invest in new equipment/architectures. Cognitive radio (CR) and software defined networking are two

The mobile cloud computing has become an emerging technology where the mobile computing is integrated with cloud computing to process the mobile data. Besides the advantages of mobile cloud computing, there are some issues which include power consumption, resource scarcity, quality of service, security and computational cost. In this paper, in order to minimize total power consumption with better performance

The incorporation of optical wireless communication technology in inter-satellite links, also referred as inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) is a key technology capable of providing seamless high-speed information transportation all around the globe. The key factors affecting the IsOWC link performance are transmission range and pointing error angle losses (space turbulence). Further

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a newly emerging term for the new generation of the Internet which allows understanding between interconnected devices. IoT acts as an assistant in healthcare and plays an extremely important role in wide scopes of medicinal services observing applications. Through determining the pattern of parameters that are observed, the character of the disease can be expected.

This paper proposed a new flexible and wearable antennas design based on teragon pre-fractal geometry until the third level, for monitoring high-temperature in humans for wireless body area network operating band. The antennas were built in polyamide laminate dielectric material, which has suitable thermal and mechanical resistance characteristics for application in wearable antennas. The antenna’s

Wireless solar blind ultraviolet (UV) scattering communication is a new type of atmosphere optics communication technology with the important and potential advantages of all-weather, non-line-of-sight and secret communication, which is suitable for the needs of cluster security of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) formation flight. UV communication technology can be applied to share UAVs status information

Increasing the lifetime of the network is one of the key research issues in Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensor nodes residing in hot spot locations get drained out of energy very quickly, which leads to disruption in operations of the network. Thus, a cluster-based algorithm for increasing energy efficiency is required to extend the lifetime of the network. In this research work, Cross-layer Energy based

Over the past decades Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithm played a vital part in the development of Autonomous Vehicle. It is indeed for the perception system to examine the environment around the vehicle and identify the objects such as pedestrian, vehicle and traffic signals, etc. Using this information, control system module can take necessary action to control the vehicle in terms of braking

Optimization of energy consumption in the batteries of a sensor node plays an essential role in wireless Sensor networks (WSNs). The longevity of sensor nodes depends on efficiency of energy utilization in batteries. Energy is consumed by sensor nodes in WSNs to perform three significant functions namely data sensing, transmitting and relaying. The battery energy in WSNs depletes mainly due to sampling

With the evolution of smart grid system (SGS), many issues associated with traditional grid network, i.e., power system security, monitoring and control, energy efficiency and aging of system’s equipment are resolved. The smart system is flexible enough to integrate many DGs without violating its hosting capacity. However, during and after the integration of DGs into SGS, still many other technical

In this paper, multiuser scheduling algorithms are evaluated for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) networks. These scheduling schemes allocate M [number of transmit antennas at base station (BS)] number of independent data streams from BS to the M most favourable users experiencing the highest signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR). Here

The resource-constrained nature of WSNs require efficient use of resources, especially energy, to prolong their lifetime. Clustering is one of the popular approaches to allocate the resources efficiently among the WSN nodes. In this work, we analyze the problem of round length determination in cluster based WSN which has severe impact on the energy efficiency. This problem is very important since round

Being independent of any fixed equipment, Ad Hoc wireless sensor networks, a kind of acentric and self-organized wireless network, possesses some features such as easiness of deployment, strong invulnerability and flexibility of networking, which leads to a promising application prospect in terms of UAV military and civilian use. This paper proposes a new slot adaptive 4D network clustering algorithm

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) enabled to store and process data recorded by sensors would mean standard-based personalization of medical services and would be a step further to guaranteeing a seamless care access. However, sensor data is subject to several sources of faults and errors which may further lead to imprecise or even incorrect and misleading answers. Thus, it is pivotal to ensure the

This paper discusses a visual recognition system, for identifying the Pa-phiopedilum orchid, often called the Venus slipper. The dataset consists of 100 sample images for each of 15 species of orchid, for a total of 1500 images. All the images of this dataset were taken at the Paphiopedilum orchid gardens and manually classified by experts. This work also implemented a recognition system based on a

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the very active research area. They have many applications like military, health care, environmental monitoring and industrial monitoring. The sensor nodes have limited energy source. Since in many cases the nodes are deployed in unreachable areas, hence recharging or replacing the battery of the sensor nodes is not an option. Therefore, one must employ techniques

High-altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (HALE UAVs) are military and strategic UAVs that fly above the ground in the stratosphere. The ability of stealth technology and long flight time, has led to use of these UAVs for various military missions such as interception and spying, control guidance, remote sensing, navigation, surveillance and others. In this paper, improving the performance

The rapidly emerging wireless service requirements and deployment demands over last few decades necessitates the application of Mobile Ad hoc Networks in many areas. These application areas vary from social networks to safety-critical domains such as environmental monitoring, disaster rescue operations, military communications, etc. The potency of the ad hoc network deployment in a specific context

Mobile nodes in underwater wireless sensor networks are becoming very important as they not only enable flexible sensing areas but also entails the ability to provide means for data and energy sharing among existing static sensor nodes. In this paper, three efficient meta-heuristic evolutionary algorithms ant colony optimization, artificial bees colony and firefly algorithm, inspired by swarm intelligence

In this paper, a rectangular triple-band microstrip antenna has been designed for Bluetooth application by successively loading notches and slots of different dimension in radiating patch. The conventional microstrip antenna suffers with narrow impedance bandwidth. The current work affords an alternate option to enhance the bandwidth of antenna that resonates in triple-band operation. Initially, the

In this paper, two Sierpinski carpet UWB fractal antennas are designed and fabricated. The first fractal antenna is an antenna that has not any notch filter. The second one is an antenna with double notch filters. Antenna without notch filter has an operating band of (3.1–10.8) GHz with a gain of 5.3 dB at 10 GHz. This antenna has a low group delay variation. Antenna with double notch filters working

Cell-free massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) comprises a large number of distributed single antenna access points (APs) connected to a network controller through backhaul. Each user is served by neighbouring APs simultaneously. Cell-free Massive MIMO provides decent throughput and coverage improvement as compared to a small-cell. Yet, channel state information (CSI) estimation is still a

Internet of Things (IoT) integrates diverse types of sensors, mobiles and other technologies to physical world and IoT technology is used in a wide range of applications. Compressive sensing based in-network compression is an efficient technique to reduce communication cost and accurately recover sensory data at the base station. In this paper, we investigate how compressive sensing can be combined

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Through the use of UAV, the functional lifetime of WSN can be elongated in exchange for higher data delivery latency as the UAV replaces the multi-hop communication among nodes during data acquisition. Due to the NP-hardness of the TSP whose computational complexity increases exponentially as an increment of number of nodes, heuristic algorithms, such as nearest neighbor heuristic TSP algorithm (NN)

In recent years, the proportion of elderly population in various countries has gradually increased. Increasing with age, it can entail illness. When these diseases are sudden, the elderly often die because there is no immediate treatment. Elderly care has become an important issue. According to this issue, we want to monitor the physiological data of the elderly, such as heartbeat, blood pressure,

Acoustic modem is one of the key elements of an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN). Compared to a terrestrial wireless sensor network (WSN), designing a UWSN is more time consuming and expensive due to harsh conditions of the aquatic environment. Commercial modems provide better characteristics, but they consume more energy and are more expensive, while research modems have exploited diverse

The wireless technology is widely used in industries with timing stringent tasks. However, it lacks of the consideration of the co-channel interference when designing and estimating the performance of the media access strategies. Thus, it is hard to guarantee the real-time and reliable packet transmissions. In this study, we first propose a Wi-Fi based TDMA access scheme to provide the stringent timing

Historical data is increasingly becoming more purposeful in the field of intelligent traffic systems. Traffic congestion is one of the major challenges in most cities around the world. It increases fuel wastage, monetary losses, and life-endangering. Historical trajectory data may be a suitable solution to reduce congestion on the road in VANET. This approach is a combination of data mining historical

This paper presents a reliable and efficient high quality video streaming solution for use in challenging outdoor environments over Wi-Fi. An application layer forward error correction based on RaptorQ codes was implemented in a practical Wi-Fi based server and client system to enhance reliability. Thus, this paper presents the first detailed analysis on the implementation of RaptorQ codes for streaming

With the advent of global positioning system (GPS) and the increasing expansion of technology, improving GPS receivers positioning has attracted great attention. When the signal received by these receivers is weak, receiver functioning becomes impaired. Due to the existing noise and the presence of Doppler shift in weak signal conditions, the signal acquisition section becomes problematic and in weak

Currently, there is less attention to the prevention of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension from cardiovascular complication, although it is the significant cause of death for these patients worldwide. To be prevented from this complication, these patients should develop their self-monitoring skills along with their healthcare journey. Consequently, this paper aims to provide an