Network Slicing appears as one of the enabling technologies for 5G networks to accommodate services with different requirements and availability. The present work seizes the use of network slicing and focuses on the deployment and maintenance of services which are sensitive to latency constraints. For this purpose, the design and use of a VNF latency sensor are presented, considering its aggregation

A novel an optical four-channel demultiplexer based on a hexagonal lattice shape of embedded air holes in dielectric substrate (air-bridge type) is proposed. Demultiplexing for each channel is obtained by designing the graphite-type ring resonator which consists of small air hole defects in own unit cells. The physical parameters which govern the demultiplexer performance are investigated. It is observed

In this present work, photonic crystal based ultra-high-speed encoder is proposed for optical computing applications. The designed logic device contains dual nanocavity coupled ring resonator, reflector and five waveguides in a square lattice with barium titanate rods arranged in a nanostructure platform. The encoding device is working based on the interference and resonance effect. The photonic band

Filterless optical networks (FONs) have been proposed as a feasible solution for optical metro networks. In addition, as a result of the shorter distance compared to core optical networks, direct detection optical transmission systems can be used in metro FONs, which reduces costs, as compared to coherent detection systems. In this work, we present two optical signal tracking approaches for FONs that

We review the most important WDM system innovations motivated by the evolution of DCI transport. State-of-the-art coherent transmission has already exceeded 6 b/s/Hz in transatlantic deployments. Moreover, the adoption of software innovations in automation and programmability, which DCI pioneered in transport networks, has also simplified operations and enables the emergence of open transport architectures

In this paper, we derive the theoretical lower and upper bounds for bit error rate (BER) for spectral amplitude coding OCDMA balanced detector (BD) employing multiple photodiodes. The purpose of this study is to find the maximum performance improvement that can be achieved when a multi-photodiode structure is used to reduce the intensity noise. Results show that when the split signals are independent

For serving futuristic applications like distributed robotic systems with robots equipped with humanoid intelligence, wireless access to high-performance computing resources should be provided. For this purpose, a very dense wireless network, referred to as attocell network, consisting of radio cells typically less than 1 m\(^{2}\), and antennas integrated in the floor tiles has been proposed. To serve

In this paper, an analytical approach is presented to investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance of underwater wireless optical code division multiple access system for different water types. Optical orthogonal codes (OOC) are used as the user-specific address sequence to encode and decode the user’s data. LED with an operating wavelength of 532 nm is used as the optical source, and silicon avalanche

Power compensation is the main challenging issue for dense optical communication system because it affects the signal strength, and subsequently, performances of the received signals are degraded. So in this recommended research work, we have resolved this challenge for 12-Gbps dense communication systems (DWDM) with 80 channels using the three power compensation approaches (pre-power compensation

In this paper, a novel two dimensional (2D) wavelength/time (W/T) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) code with zero cross-correlation property to minimize multiple access interface (MAI) is addressed. The code is constructed using various features of two different one-dimensional codes, i.e., multi-diagonal code and prime hop code referred as multi-diagonal prime hopping (MDPHC) code. The

An eight-channel wavelength demultiplexer by cascading of ring resonators (RRs) in photonic crystal (PhC) structure is proposed in this paper. In designing of this demultiplexer, we used eight square-shaped PhC RRs with different refractive index (RI) of defect rods to generate a distinctive resonance wavelength. Each PhC RR has a specific resonance wavelength with tuning a variety of design parameters

Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) is a new designing of multi-processor system-on-chip. On the one hand, global bus is a simple and common logical topology for ONoC. On the other hand, the parallel formulation of bitonic sorting has lower time complexity than the sequential implementation of bitonic sorting. Thus, it is meaningful to study the parallel implementation for bitonic sorting on bus ONoC. Different

This paper depicts the design of 0.55 Tb/s heterogeneous Flexi-rate Nyquist-wavelength division multiplexed (Nyquist-WDM) Superchannel. Here, for the first time, four subcarriers of different modulation formats are accommodated, namely polarization multiplexed-binary phase-shift keying, polarization multiplexed-quadrature phase-shift keying (PM-QPSK), polarization multiplexed-8-quadrature amplitude

This paper proposes generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) for indoor visible light communication (VLC). GFDM is a flexible multi-carrier scheme that allows engineering in both time and frequency domain, therefore, making GFDM suitable for various 5G applications. In the literature, different types of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) have been proposed for VLC

Translucent optical networks use sparsely located regenerator nodes to increase the optical reach, otherwise limited by the physical layer impairments. Routing in translucent networks often causes the lightpath to traverse a fiber more than once, requiring the use of multiple wavelengths on a fiber for the same lightpath. Most of the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithms for static demand

The study of one-way edge states of electromagnetic wave based on quantum Hall effect in photonic crystals (PCs) has recently made a great progress. In particular, the pseudo-spin states in topological PCs made of dielectric materials can be realized by breaking pseudo-time-reversal symmetry. We perform a research on the influence of parameters, such as lattice constant, dielectric permittivity of

A uniform fiber Bragg grating sensor is sketched and inspected by the finite-difference time-domain method in furtherance of obtaining ultimate transmission and reflection spectra by optimizing the FBG parameters like refractive index, grating height, grating width, wafer width, wafer length. The maximum transmission power spectrum is achieved as − 7 dB for the refractive index of 3.005, and the maximum

Ultraviolet and mid-infrared (MIR) constitute two extreme ends of the optical wireless communication band. Recently, there has been a rise in increased interest for research in these two spectral bands. For successful deployment of these technologies, the performance of these two spectrum bands needs to be thoroughly analyzed. We consider turbulence and noise effects over these spectral bands. Specifically

In this study, simple basic plasmonic logic gates of XOR, OR, and NOT based on graphene nano-ribbon resonators coupled to properly designed arrangements of nano-waveguides, as input and output logic ports, are demonstrated. The operation of the structures as frequency selective components is based on the propagation of edge modes in nano-waveguides and coupling to nano-ribbon resonators located in

In this study, we consider simultaneous connection routing in the three-stage switching fabric of the wavelength-space-wavelength architecture for elastic optical switches, which serve connections that can occupy different spectrum widths. Recently, the upper bound of the rearrangeability conditions was derived and proved for a switching fabric serving a limited number of connection rates. A control

A novel method for disaster management using free space optical link is proposed in this paper. Free space optics recently gained great attention since it has advantages over RF communication such as high bandwidth, license free spectrum and highly secured transmission. Besides all these, FSO faces challenges during transmission due to atmospheric turbulence-induced fading. Diversity techniques are

In this article, a theoretical analysis on T-shaped waveguide is performed using coupled mode theory which admits its operation as power combiner, splitter and diverter. These applications of the waveguide can very well be utilized to project it as OR and XOR logic gates. In order to achieve this, the T-shaped waveguide is mapped onto the photonic crystal of square-type lattice and the validity is

Quantum key distribution aims to distribute a secret key among distant parties linked by an optical fiber or free space. Unfortunately, the main problem which limits the long distance direct transmission of qubits is the exponential decay of the signal. This limit can be overcome by introducing quantum repeaters (QRs) between the two distant points. Quantum repeaters suggest a technique for establishing

A full-duplex optical fiber/wireless single-channel coherent communication system is presented for high-speed data center interconnections. In-phase and quadrature modulator (IQM)-based dual polarization 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-256-QAM) is implemented to achieve a maximum data rate of 640 Gbps with 40 Gbaud symbol rate for both the single-mode fiber (SMF) and free-space optics (FSO)

Microwave/millimeter-wave photonics is playing a prominent role in overcoming the challenges of RF signal generation and processing. This evolving technology has many advantages, such as RF carrier stability and broad operating bandwidth, and is applicable to a wide range of civil and military applications such as 5G communication networks, radar/jammer systems, and medical imaging. In this work, we

The problem of regenerator assignment (RA) in translucent optical networks consists in segmenting a lightpath into several transparent segments, each of which linked by 3 R regenerators. In this article, we present two heuristics and compare their effectiveness with an exhaustive method to solve the RA problem in translucent elastic optical networks under dynamic traffic. The exhaustive method is capable

The ever-increasing communication requirements have led to the introduction of optical circuit switch (OCS) to data center, which is capable of providing more flexible bandwidth allocation compared to the electrical packet switching. However, the challenge still arises due to non-negligible reconfiguration delay of commercially available MEMS-based optical circuit switching technology, even though

A new terahertz isolator based on the ferromagnetic resonance effect is suggested and analyzed. A two-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of a square lattice of gallium arsenide rods has been employed in the design of the device. Incident electromagnetic waves interact with one magnetized ferrite rod and two stubs inserted in the photonic crystal structure, generating a vortex-like field profile

This paper introduces an effective technique for bridging free-space optical (FSO) communication between end-to-end nodes with obstructed direct line-of sight (LOS) by incorporating a steerable mirror-and-lens-assisted (MLA) reflector assembly. The consistency of the proposed MLA-assisted FSO system is then experimentally evaluated and contrasted against a plane mirror (PM) reflector over a test-bed

This paper illustrates optimization and comparative analysis for rectangular microstrip patch antenna loaded with ‘T’-shape slot utilizing manual (conventional) optimization and particle swarm optimization (PSO) with curve fitting. Initially, a conventional antenna has been designed by cutting ‘T’-shape slot in rectangular radiating patch and manually optimized by selecting some parameters of patch

Abstract This paper presents two new schemes for improving the spectral efficiency of an optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based visible light communication (OFDM-VLC) system. The proposed schemes employed the generalized spatial modulation (GenSM) along with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) techniques as well as modified the coded modulation optical OFDM (CMO-OFDM) approach to attain

Abstract This work is focused on the modeling and performance investigation of a 2 × 20 Gbit/s–40 GHz hybrid mode division multiplexing–orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based radio over free space optics (RoFSO) transmission system under the influence of different weather conditions. The performance of the proposed system has been compared for 4-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), differential

In this paper, 1.28 Tbps (32 × 40 Gbps) high-capacity DWDM-FSO link has been investigated for performance enhancement using coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP). The DP-16QAM-modulated proposed DWDM-FSO link has been analyzed for both adverse weather and turbulent atmospheric conditions. It is observed that when link is subjected to strong turbulence along with adverse weather conditions

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a nanoscale technology to design digital circuits in nano-measure which acts based on electron’s interaction. The technology of collecting, processing and distributing information is growing rapidly, but the growth in demand for advanced methods in data processing has always been greater than the speed of growth of these technologies. Hence, computer networks

Abstract This paper presents the numerical simulation studies of upgraded system for single-mode fiber (SMF wired)/free space optics (FSO wireless) under high-speed operation of 10 Gb/s. Further, the maximum reach of the system is analyzed based on various advanced modulation techniques, namely phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK), quadrature amplitude modulation, differential phase-shift keying, frequency

Abstract All-optical comparators play crucial roles in all-optical data processing systems. In this paper, we proposed a novel structure for realizing an all-optical comparator, which can compare two 1-bit binary codes. For this purpose, we used three nonlinear resonant rings. The final structure has two input and three output ports. The maximum rise and fall times for the proposed structure are about

Abstract A new generation of mobile communications has been evolving for every 10 years, keeping in mind the enormous data traffic, huge capacity requirements, excellent quality of service with minimal latency; there is a shift in paradigm toward the upcoming 5G technology which is expected to be rolled out by 2020 that promises to meet the requirements stated above. 5G is envisaged to be a merged

Abstract A MEMS tunable integrated waveguide Bragg grating-based filter for C-band optical dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) network is presented and analyzed in this work. Waveguide Bragg grating being a notch filter in the transmission spectrum is used to realize a tunable filter by varying the applied voltages to the fixed–fixed beam loaded with this grating. The strain across the grating

A compact electro-optical programmable logic device (PLD) which can provide any of 16 possible minterms of four Boolean variables on an optical signal is demonstrated in this paper. The presented structure is based on electro-optical graphene–silicon switches that consist of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer in which a few-layer graphene is embedded in silicon slot waveguide to construct phase shifters

In this paper, 2-channel and 4-channel optical demultiplexers have been designed based on photonic crystal nano-ring resonator. The structure of both demultiplexers is based on the use of a photonic crystal filter. The mean quality factor of 2828, mean transfer factor of 95%, mean cross-talk of − 25.07 dB, and an inter-channel distance of 7.4 nm are among the structural advantages of the 2-channel