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This article presents a new method for accurately designing and analyzing an antenna or array. The proposed technique operates solely on the transfer admittance matrix of a perfect electrically conducting antenna fabric that is obtained using a full-wave simulator only once. The desired antenna, which must be a subset of the fabric, is then synthesized by progressively loading the fabric and applying

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A millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) broadband linearly polarized (LP) substrate integrated magneto-electric dipole (ME-dipole) with a low-profile microstrip feeding structure covering the 22–33 GHz band is proposed in this article. It owns a good performance, particularly in terms of bandwidth and gain flatness. Importantly, the proposed substrate integrated LP ME-dipole element can be easily expanded into

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A vertically folded slotted circular patch operating at the Ka -band is proposed in this communication. Fed by a low-profile microstrip feeding structure, the proposed circular patch resonates at its quasi-TM 21 mode and exhibits a wide operational band of 23.5%, which is more superior than many reported millimeter-wave circular patch antennas. A full-corporate fed $2 \times 2$ linearly polarized (LP)

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The IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation is one of the most influential publications of IEEE. Its scientific contributions attract a lot of interest and are among the most downloaded across all IEEE publications. In 2019, the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation ranked 3rd out of 376 IEEE publications for total number of downloads.

In this article, three compact antennas using the ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology working in the millimeter-wave band (60 GHz), with a high-purity and broadband circular polarization (CP), are numerically and experimentally analyzed. The structure is fed from the bottom by means of a standard WR-15 waveguide (V-band) to make it compatible with standard measurement systems. It is coupled with a

This article presents a polarization-reconfigurable wideband high-gain antenna based on liquid metal tuning. The antenna consists of a center-feed circular patch antenna with a C-shaped slot as the driven element. To broaden the bandwidth and improve the realized gain, a parasitic circular disc and 13 circular directors are employed. The direction of polarization can be tuned by changing the location

In this article, a fully reconfigurable frequency selective rasorber (FR-FSR) is presented. To establish systematic design guidelines, initially the conditions for full reconfigurability are derived. Then, a specific equivalent circuit model (ECM) is proposed which satisfies all the derived conditions. The circuit model is separately simulated to verify the proposed concept and further extensively

In this article, an adaptive antenna system (AAS) based on a time-modulated antenna array (TMAA) and population-based metaheuristic algorithm is presented. The algorithm is driven by the signal-to-noise ratio measurements and provides real-time adaptation of the antenna pattern. This article also addresses the issue of multiband reception with a TMAA, demonstrating that the sidebands generated from

A series-fed millimeter-wave (mm-wave) microstrip linear array with single-layer structure and wide operating bandwidth is proposed and investigated. The antenna array simply consists of a microstrip line and a series of short stubs that are periodically introduced on one edge of the microstrip line, at an interval of about one guide wavelength. Owing to the perturbation of the additional stubs, the

An equivalent circuit (EC) model for the frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) comprising anisotropic elements is presented. The periodic surface is initially simulated with an arbitrary azimuthal incidence angle, and its surface impedance matrix is derived. The impedance matrix is subsequently rotated by an angle $\varphi ^{rot}$ on the crystal axes $\chi _{1}$ and $\chi _{2}$ , thus nullifying its

This article’s objective is to discuss the anatomical and technical challenges associated with designing subcutaneously implanted antennas for continuous wireless medical telemetry. One challenge in this design process is the connection between simulation setup and the anatomical layering of tissues in biological systems. This article presents an overview of the layers of tissues associated with subcutaneous

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) in radio frequency is expected to provide a new dimension to the OAM mode and benefit the degree of freedom of the electromagnetic wave. However, a central energy hollow exists in the OAM-carrying beam, and its radius varies with the OAM mode values, which is the main bottleneck in the radio frequency OAM applications. This article proposes a solution to eliminate

To alleviate the complexity of feeding network design and reduce the dependence of sum and difference beam pattern synthesis on the central symmetric antenna arrays, a method generating a common weight vector to simultaneously produce these two beam patterns for symmetric and asymmetric antenna arrays is proposed. By considering the main-lobe radiation power of the sum beam pattern, sidelobe level

Effective machine learning methods are usually trained by large data sets to guarantee accuracy and avoid overfitting. However, large data sets restrict the popularization of the machine learning methods when the data acquisition is nontrivial. To solve this problem, a novel machine learning method is proposed in this article based on the modified K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, which can extract

Polarimetric radar systems are beneficial to identifying and classifying targets but require multiple transmit or receive channels with different polarizations. This leads to a high hardware effort and thus higher costs. To use a single, linear polarized radar sensor as a polarimetric system, a frequency-dependent, polarization rotating reflector which can be placed in front of the radar antenna is

Use of magnetic fields (MFs) for underwater wireless communication is very promising nowadays due to its advantages such as low power, low cost, no multipath, no Doppler effect, and instant communication. Considering the importance and potential of MF communication for underwater wireless sensor networks, this article presents a review on the fundamental concepts and theory of MF communication by identifying

We present a linearly polarized ultrawideband design for millimeter-wave phased array antennas over 17–42 GHz. The design comprises tightly coupled dipoles, integrated with a specific feeding mechanism. The proposed antenna provides a relative bandwidth of 2.7:1 and 2.47:1 with VSWR < 2 for scanning up to 45° in the E- and H-planes, respectively. Several prototypes of $8\times 4$ arrays are fabricated

This article presents the validation of a digital signal processing technique that can be used to estimate radiometric sky noise, and hence atmospheric absorption, within existing digital receivers at little/no additional cost. To demonstrate this, a receiver was constructed that simultaneously records the beacon signal power from the ALPHASAT Aldo Paraboni technology demonstration payload, as well

In one dimension, a circuit network representation has been established for bianisotropic materials with an omega response (omega media). However, 2-D circuit-based or transmission-line metamaterials have been restricted to those with only magnetic and electric responses. This article proposes a 2-D circuit-based metamaterial that is equivalent to an omega medium. A lumped element unit cell composed

The full-wave simulation of complex electromagnetic (EM) surfaces, such as reflectarrays and metasurfaces, is a challenging problem. In this article, we present a macromodeling approach to efficiently simulate complex EM surfaces composed of PEC traces, possibly with fine features, on a finite-sized multilayer dielectric substrate. In our approach, we enclose each element of the structure with a fictitious

The efficiency and effectiveness of airport security can be improved through fast and high-fidelity detection of concealed threat objects. If detected objects can be accurately characterized, the number of false alarms will be reduced, whereas terrorist threats can be more quickly noticed and apprehended. This article aims to accurately characterize the physical properties of weak dielectric objects

Over-the-air (OTA) performance evaluation for wireless devices require electromagnetic field measurements in the far-field (FF). This is typically achieved by using one or multiple test probes to scan a sphere encompassing the device under test (DUT), which can be either set to transmit (Tx) or receive (Rx). Measurement data are usually collected in magnitude-only and near-field to FF transformations

The problem of obtaining a wideband equivalent circuit for dipole antennas is addressed backward; the four-element circuit topology is taken as given; its three-element part was suggested by Chu and its extension to four elements by Stuart. The goals here are to obtain the element values with the least effort and to explore the available bandwidth. Based on the impedance spectrum, rather than on radiation

In this article, the first-ever dual-circular-polarized wideband conformal endoscopic antenna is designed at the medical implant communication service band (402 MHz) and industrial, scientific, and medical bands (915 MHz and 2.4 GHz). The proposed antenna with a small footprint of 8 mm 3 (32 mm $\times 10$ mm $\times0.025$ mm) is printed on flexible polyamide and wrapped onto the inner wall of the

In this article, a local coupling multitrace domain decomposition method (LCMT-DDM) based on surface integral equation (SIE) formulations is proposed to analyze electromagnetic scattering from multilayered dielectric objects. Different from the traditional SIE-DDM, where the interactions between subdomains are accounted for using global radiation coupling, LCMT-DDM uses a local coupling scheme. The

In this article, a novel beamforming patch array with a cosecant fourth power pattern is proposed for millimeter-wave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications. It enables radar receiving identical power in the field of view, provided that the radar cross section levels of targets within the illuminated area are similar. Different from “one-way” communication application, the SAR is a “two-way” system

We propose a method to design compact circularly polarized (CP) antenna using a novel sunshine-shaped slotted radiating patch, which exhibits slow wave and other interesting properties. The structured radiating patch introduces adjustable coupling between a pair of orthogonal modes (TM 10 mode and TM 01 mode) to facilitate good axial ratio (AR) and reflection parameters of the antenna simultaneously

This article investigates on the use of nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) to solve spherical near-field transformation problems. Traditional postprocessing algorithms make use of conventional FFT for the transformation of measured grids with uniform sampling. More recently, the processing of irregular sampling grids has been introduced by means of matrix-based algorithms. The benefits of both

In this article, penalty factor threshold and time step bound in discontinuous Galerkin time method based on vector wave equation (DGTD-WE) method are well estimated. Based on the semidiscrete form of the DGTD-WE method, properties of the system matrices are studied and the stability condition related to the penalty factor is derived. By decomposing the global system matrices of the DGTD-WE method

Multielement antennas have become a central part of most communication systems, and yet their design and evaluation remain a challenge. A key parameter is the correlation matrix, which relates the antenna patterns and the multipath propagation. The correlation governs communication metrics such as the various capacities, error rates, and outages. Calculation of the correlation matrix requires accurate

A novel efficient coherent direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method is devised in this article. First, a new cost function without the knowledge of source number is developed exploiting the Toeplitz matrices’ joint diagonalization structure. Then, the revised steering vectors are used in the place of projection weights of the steering vectors to reconstruct the power spectrum in both noise and

The rapid evolution in brain implantable medical devices (BIMDs) promises a new paradigm of medical diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutics. The MedRadio frequency band (401–406 MHz) offers an acceptable penetration of electromagnetic (EM) fields in biological tissues and thus is well suited for wireless medical telemetry (WMT). Unlike other parts of the body, head tissues exhibit a high level of EM

Lightning diverter strips are commonly used to protect the antenna and sensitive equipment within an airborne radome. This article compares the impact of solid metallic and segmented diverter strips on the radiation properties of the enclosed antenna. Solid metallic and segmented diverter strips of different segment profiles, i.e., square, circular, and diamond, are considered. This article reports

This article presents a comprehensive study on shorted dipole antennas aiming for low-cost radio frequency identification (RFID) reader applications. Starting from a low-profile shorted bowtie dipole antenna, it is found that by varying the shorting wall position, three different types of resonant antennas could be realized with different radiation features. A low-profile planar inverted F antenna

Wireless technologies are essential components of wearable devices for applications ranging from connected healthcare to human–machine interfaces. Their performance, however, is hindered by the human body, which obstructs the propagation of wireless signals over a wide range of directions. Here, we demonstrate conformal propagation and near-omnidirectional radiation of wireless signals near the body

We demonstrate a single-feed planar antenna capable of 2-D beam-steering using pumped liquid metal (LM) parasitics. Instead of relying on phase shifters for beam-steering, the proposed antenna employs LM plugs acting as parasitic elements to achieve up to ±48° steering in the H-plane and ±54° steering in the E-plane. The antenna can also steer in diagonal and OFF-diagonal planes using a combination

A novel dual-polarized frequency-selective rasorber (FSR) using an omnidirectional planar resistor based on graphene flake is presented in this article. The FSR exhibits a low-loss transmission window above an absorption band. It consists of a lossy layer and a lossless bandpass frequency-selective surface (FSS). In the lossy layer, a central symmetric graphene-metal hybrid structure is formed by connecting

This article presents the exact evaluation of the physical optics (PO) integral in time-domain. The surface of a perfect electrically conducting (PEC) scatterer is modeled by quadratic triangles. Using the Radon transform interpretation, the PO integral is reduced to a line integral, which is formed by the intersection of the quadratic surface and the plane defined by the Dirac delta function. It is

Without phase information of the measured field data, the phaseless data inverse scattering problems (PD-ISPs) counter more serious nonlinearity and ill-posedness compared with full data ISPs (FD-ISPs). In this article, we propose a learning-based inversion approach in the frame of the U-net convolutional neural network (CNN) to quantitatively image unknown scatterers located in homogeneous background

An improved memory-efficient subdomain level discontinuous Galerkin time domain (SL-DGTD) method, which utilizes the repetition of the geometries, has been proposed to model the periodic and aperiodic structures with square uniform lattice. Significant reduction of memory consumption has been achieved comparing to the conventional SL-DGTD approach. Based on the previous pioneering work of memory-efficient

We present a formulation of the linear sampling method (LSM) for reconstructing target shape from spatially sparse data sets. The technique compensates for a lack of spatial data by incorporating $a$ priori propagation information into the LSM inversion. A constraint is placed on the LSM solution that enforces a phase relationship across frequency that is determined by the electrical path length between

This article presents a fully planar ultrawideband wide-angle scanning tightly coupled array. A tightly coupled element, which has a low input resistance, is used as the basic array element. The element can be fed by a simple microstrip-to-coaxial transition, obviating the need for an additional impedance transform structure. To improve the scan performance of the array in both the E- and H-planes

Because of the large wavelength in very high-frequency (VHF) band, conventional design concepts for flush-mounted VHF band antenna arrays over aircraft platforms meet many challenges. This article presents an approach for the design of VHF aircraft-integrated antenna arrays with switchable beams by using the characteristic modes (CMs) of the aircraft platform. The CMs of the aircraft platform provide

Michelson phase and Hanbury Brown–Twiss intensity stellar interferometry require expressions for the first-and second-order correlation functions, respectively, of the fields radiated by stars in terms of their diameters and measured quasi-monochromatic wavelengths. Although our sun and most other stars are spherical in shape at optical wavelengths, previous determinations of speckle and correlation

In this article, a novel millimeter-wave dual-polarized 2-D multibeam antenna array incorporating differentially fed antenna elements is proposed to achieve high cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) when the beams scan to the maximal pointing angles. The antenna element is composed of an SIW cavity with four shorted patches placed inside, and it is differentially excited for dual-polarization by

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.