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It is expected that the global wearable devices market is expected to exceed U.S. $77.3 billion by 2025 [item 1) in the Appendix] because wearable devices are becoming more and more popular for fitness and sports, entertainment, health care, defense, industrial monitoring, and so on. Particularly because of the aging problems worldwide, cloth-like wearable health monitoring systems with wireless features

This article proposes a novel parallel gradient-based electromagnetic (EM) optimization approach to microwave components using adjoint-sensitivity-based neuro-transfer function (neuro-TF) surrogate. In the proposed technique, the surrogate model is trained using not only the input–output behavior but also the adjoint sensitivity information generated from the EM simulation simultaneously. By exploiting

This work demonstrates a group of shear horizontal (SH0) mode resonators and filters using lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) thin films on silicon carbide (SiC). The single-crystalline X-cut LiNbO 3 thin films on 4H-SiC substrates have been prepared by ion-slicing and wafer-bonding processes. The fabricated resonator has demonstrated a large effective electromechanical coupling ( ${k}^{2}$ ) of 26.9% and

In this article, the design of full-band rectangular waveguide pressure windows for high power applications is presented. The proposed design features a compact size, low loss, and a simplified fabrication process. A short impedance step is deployed to achieve a deep matching level over the full band of the standard waveguide. An approximate circuit model is proposed to select the initial dimensions

In this article, an effective approach is proposed to design of compact single and dual-band patch filtering 180° hybrid couplers based on circular patch resonator. Without an additional circuit, the prescribed in-phase and out-of-phase specifications of the coupler are achieved by elaborately studying and utilizing the electric field distributions of the degenerate resonant modes in the unslotted/slotted

This article proposes an efficient method for the calculation of the stabilization parameters in RF power amplifiers operating in periodic large-signal regimes. Stabilization is achieved by applying the principles of linear control theory for periodic linear time-varying (PLTV) systems. A numerical method is proposed to obtain the harmonic transfer function that represents the system linearized around

In this article, a new bandpass distributed amplifier (DA) using a wideband gain-boosting technique is presented. In particular, a feedback network, including a series inductor and a shunt capacitor, is used to generate two peaks at the lower and upper cutoff frequencies of the amplifier’s bandpass response. This technique provides a gain enhancement over a wide bandwidth without sacrificing the upper

In this article, we present an analog circuit for the compensation of long-term memory effects in power amplifiers (PAs) based on GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The analog compensation circuit (ACC) is supported on a charge-trapping behavioral model that features a state-dependent variable emission time constant, rather than a fixed emission time constant. This allows not only for

Delta–sigma modulation-based fractional- $N$ frequency synthesizers generally suffer from quantization noise, which causes them to exhibit poor phase-noise performance outside their loop bandwidth. In this work, a self-injection locking (SIL) loop is utilized in a fractional- $N$ frequency synthesizer. The SIL loop can reduce the noise that is generated by the injection-locked oscillator (ILO), the

This article presents an analytical and coherent design method for the generalized high-efficiency broadband parallel-circuit (PC) Class-E/F 3 power amplifier (PA). By importing the initial phase shift of the third harmonic and adding series reactive element to the load network, a free design parameter can be defined and the design space of the load network parameters are expanded. The design equations

This article reports the first implementation of 3-bit millimeter-wave switched true-time-delay (TTD) phase shifters based on phase-change material (PCM) germanium telluride (GeTe). Two TTD phase shifters are presented. The first phase shifter is designed using four monolithically integrated PCM single-pole triple-throw (SP3T) switches to route the signal through delay lines. The insertion loss variation

Microfluidically reconfigurable radio-frequency (RF) devices in general have been found attractive for low-loss, wide-frequency tunability and high-power-handling capabilities. Recently, integrated actuation of the microfluidically reconfigurable devices has been proposed for compact mm-wave device applications. This article for the first time introduces microfluidically reconfigurable frequency- and/or

In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of the hardware and software solutions required to enable frequency scalable load–pull test benches operating in the (sub)mm-wave frequency bands. First, the constraints arising from the harmonic (nonlinear) operation of mm-wave extender modules are discussed and analyzed. Then, different hardware solutions for signal generation and control, together

In the above article [1] , errors occurred in [15] and the biographies of Ullrich Pfeiffer and Janusz Grzyb. The correction information is provided as follows.

We investigate the performance of a recently developed algorithm that evaluates the uncertainty of nonlinear multivariate microwave calibration models using regression residuals. We apply the algorithm to synthetic data consisting of both random and systematic errors and show that the algorithm can account for both types of errors even in the absence of accurate models for the random errors. We also

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

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Multiple-in–multiple-out (MIMO) technique is one of the critical techniques for 5G and beyond. For supporting the beamforming configurations of 5G and beyond massive phased arrays are usually required, which has led to the extensive investigation on phased arrays. A phased array involves the manipulation of the progressive phase difference between individual antenna elements to obtain array patterns

Traditional time-domain finite-element and spectral-element methods are known to suffer from the so-called low-frequency breakdown problem, where the system matrix can become ill-conditioned, and results can be unstable for electrically fine structures. In this article, a new mixed spectral-element time-domain (SETD) and finite-element time-domain (FETD) methods are proposed to overcome this low-frequency

This article describes a novel model-order reduction (MOR) approach for efficient wide frequency band finite-element method (FEM) simulations of microwave components. It relies on the splitting of the system transfer function into two components: a singular one that accounts for the in-band system poles and a regular part that has no in-band poles. In order to perform this splitting during the reduction

This article presents new analytical formulas for the efficient computation of the full-wave electric field generated by conductive, dielectric, and magnetic media in the framework of the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method. To this aim, the full-wave Green’s function is handled by the Taylor series expansion leading to three types of integrals for which new analytical formulas are provided

A microwave pulse compressor (MPC) consisting of an iris, a straight waveguide section, and a T-junction can be used in order to convert a long pulse with lower power to a shorter pulse with a higher power. A significant compression gain can be achieved, provided that the system is designed precisely. The duration of the compressed pulse is proportional to the cavity length, thus imposing a constraint

A strategy aimed at decreasing dielectric loss in coplanar waveguides (CPWs) and qubits involves the creation of trenches in the underlying substrate within the gaps of the overlying metallization. Participation of contamination layers residing on surfaces and interfaces in these designs can be reduced due to the change in the effective dielectric properties between the groundplane and the conductor

This article proposes a synthesis method based on phase modulation to design broadband oversized smooth-walled horns for high-power millimeter-wave applications. The bandwidth of oversized smooth-walled horn is confined by the mismatch of the relative phase between TE 11 mode and TM 11 mode. By analyzing the mode conversion along horn, it is found that the phase of the generated TM 11 mode can be influenced

To realize multiband mode conversion in the high-power microwave (HPM) application system, a novel compact dual-band mode converter based on a universal method is proposed in this article. The proposed converter has a hybrid circular-embedded coaxial structure, and it integrates the conventional plate-inserted coaxial TEM-TE 11 converter and serpentine circular TM 01 -TE 11 converter simultaneously

In this article, a new structure for balanced directional couplers (BDCs) in single-layer technology is presented for the first time. An innovative combination of single-section coupled lines, microstrip to coplanar waveguide (CPW) crossovers, and 180° transmission lines (TLs) as an alternative for baluns are used to create the single-layer balanced structure. Furthermore, the theoretical design procedure

This article presents a frequency reconfigurable RF impedance tuner using eight cascaded fluidic cells to cover the frequency band [0.9, 2.4] GHz. The tuner is made of eight fluidic fillable cavities on top of a coplanar waveguide transmission line in a single low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. Each cavity is either kept empty or filled with deionized (DI) water to alter the substrate’s

A novel space mapping (SM) modeling approach for gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with trapping effects is presented in this article, advancing the SM technique for nonlinear device modeling. Existing SM modeling approach uses an external mapping to map an existing device model onto device data. When different branches inside the existing device model need to address

Generation of high-peak-power, microwave ultrashort pulses (USPs) is desirable for ultrawideband communications and radar/remote sensing. A variety of microwave USP generators exist today, or are described in the literature, and have benefits and limitations depending on the application. A new class of pulse compressors for generating USPs using electromagnetic time-reversal (TR) techniques has been

We present the general conditions to realize a fourth-order exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) in two uniform (i.e., invariant along $z$ ) lossless and gainless coupled transmission lines (CTLs), namely, a degenerate band edge (DBE). Until now the DBE has been shown only in periodic structures. In contrast, the CTLs considered here are uniform and subdivided into four cases where the two TLs support

A wideband broad-wall directional coupler is designed using the ridge-gap-waveguide (RGW) technology operating on the quasi-TEM mode. Large coupling apertures are used between two mirrored RGWs. Several coupling levels are achieved according to the number of apertures used and the ridge height in the two RGWs. Furthermore, a design procedure to obtain the desired coupling levels is introduced. Simulations

This article reports a three-channel, noncontiguous, manifold multiplexer operating from 220 to 330 GHz, a 40% fractional operating bandwidth. The structure is designed and implemented using a set of ridged substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs). The ridged SIW improves the stopband bandwidth and reduces the overall structure size by 35% over a conventional SIW design. The triplexer utilizes an organic

This article presents a fully integrated 12-channel multiplexer with TE011 mode channel filters enabled by the unified extracted pole technique. A novel synthesis procedure is proposed to remove the limitation (a very small coupling) in the prototype with the classical approach. In addition, this article proposes a novel approach to assign the junction susceptance by simply shifting the length of the

A D-band waveguide diplexer, implemented by silicon micromachining using releasable filling structure (RFS) technique to obtain high-precision geometries, is presented here for the first time. Prototype devices using this RFS technique are compared with devices using the conventional microfabrication process. The RFS technique allows etching large waveguide structures with nearly 90° sidewall angles

Radio frequency microelectro-mechanical system (RF MEMS) switches have received attention due to their higher performances at high frequencies compared with semiconductor-based switches. However, most of the previous MEMS switches used electrostatic actuation, which requires a high actuation voltage and has a low actuation force. Herein, we propose a new hybrid RF MEMS switch for low-voltage and low-power

This article presents a high-voltage switched oscillator (SO) with a quarter-wave open-circuited stub (OCS) for generating mesoband high-power microwave (HPM) pulses. Unlike the conventional SO, the proposed SO generates mesoband HPM pulses whose dc offset is greatly reduced because the OCS inserted between a charged transmission line and an antenna blocks the flow of the electric energy from a high-voltage

This article presents a novel synthesis procedure to implement variable-phase all-pass networks (VP-APNs). The synthesis procedure is based on linear-phase all-pass transfer functions, enabling implementation at millimeter waves. Using the proposed synthesis, VP-APNs with analog and digital control are implemented for the first time in silicon. Using 0.25- $\mu \text{m}$ BiCMOS, the VP-APNs are manufactured

A new method is discussed for the systematic synthesis, design, and performance optimization of single-ended varactor-based 2:1 parametric frequency dividers (PFDs) exhibiting an ultralow-power threshold ( ${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ ). For the first time, it is analytically shown that the ${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ -value exhibited by any PFD can be expressed as an explicit closed-form function of the different

The circuit architecture to generate differential CMOS quadrature (I/Q) local oscillator (LO) signals from a differential input at the same frequency is presented. The circuit features an open-loop implementation, which relies on two matched delays and linear phase interpolation. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by implementing an I/Q generator covering the operating frequency range

This article presents the design techniques for a multimode multiband (MMMB) linear RF power amplifier (PA) with a high efficiency, suitable for wireless handset multichip modules. The PA operates with high efficiency at the saturated output power and maintains high linearity with an enhanced efficiency at the back-off power. It is, thus, able to operate in multimodes (saturated/linear) and covers

We investigate the uncertainty of large-signal measurements of a microwave transistor due to variation in the load conditions at the fundamental frequency. In particular, we evaluate uncertainties in the complex frequency-domain traveling voltage waves. In our analysis, uncertainty sources typical for large-signal measurements are considered. Then, we discuss how the resultant uncertainty in the waves

A technique to measure the complex permittivity and permeability using two different types of calibration is presented in this article. The technique is based on a classical transmission-line analysis, implemented on a strip-line structure. A new calibration technique, namely object-reflect-line (ORL), is proposed to meet the challenge of an extremely low reflection line for accurate measurement. In

Starting from the input reflection coefficient of a 1:N divider/corporate-feed antenna, measured when the outputs are short-circuited, a method is proposed to estimate its losses. When the outputs are in phase, as typically occurs in beamforming network applications, the relationship between such an input reflection coefficient and losses is straightforward and variation of reflection with frequency

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

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Emerging broadband and millimeter-wave frequency applications, including 5G wireless communications, high-speed optical networks, radars, sensors, imaging and security systems, and measurement instrumentation, continue to expand and grow in the next decade. One of the key components of these systems is the broadband (including sub-6 GHz) and millimeter-wave power amplifier. The specific requirements

This article reviews the state-of-the-art millimeter-wave (mm-wave) power amplifiers (PAs), focusing on broadband design techniques. An overview of the main solid-state technologies is provided, including Si, gallium arsenide (GaAs), GaN, and other III–V materials, and both field-effect and bipolar transistors. The most popular broadband design techniques are introduced, before critically comparing

This article presents a frequency-reconfigurable outphasing GaAs power amplifier MMIC operating over an 18–38-GHz range with 2–6-GHz RF bandwidth per frequency setting. The architecture is based on a broadband power combining structure providing nonisolating power combining. Reconfigurable shunt elements based on p-i-n diode switches control the Chireix reactance compensation to enable frequency-reconfigurable

Investigations into integrated millimeter-wave (mmW) Class-F −1 power amplifier (PA) in stacked configuration have not been reported previously. This article presents a novel two-stage double-stacked heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) Class-F −1 PA in the 130-nm SiGe-BiCMOS technology. The proposed amplifier operates at the mmW center frequency of 38 GHz. The driving stage of the amplifier is

This article presents a compact 150-GHz transmitter with 12-dBm $P_{\mathrm{ sat}}$ and 17-dB conversion gain. This $D$ -band transmitter is composed of a frequency doubler, a micromixer, a two-stage $g_{m}$ -boosting power amplifier (PA), and an on-chip dielectric resonate (DR) antenna. At sub-terahertz, the output power and the gain are the limiting factors for the transmitter’s performance. In this

In this article, a two-stage broadband GaAs power amplifier (PA) is presented, which consists of an improved Darlington power stage and a drive stage. As the most important part of the two-stage PA, the proposed Darlington power stage can simultaneously achieve large bandwidth and watt-level output power. The circuit analysis of the Darlington structure is carried out for large-size transistors. The