Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

We propose a novel optically transparent reflection-type metasurface based on indium tin oxide (ITO) material for simultaneously achieving high transmission of visible light and near-field focusing (NNF) of microwave, demonstrating its potential for wireless power transfer (WPT) and harvesting applications. By achieving high impedance of the metasurface, this work overcomes the main challenge in designing

Popularity of metasurfaces has been continuously growing due to their attractive properties including the ability to effectively manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Metasurfaces comprise optimized geometries of unit cells arranged as a periodic lattice to obtain a desired EM response. One of their emerging application areas is the stealth technology, in particular, realization of radar cross section

This article proposes a longitudinal output structure in Ka-band sheet beam traveling-wave tube (SBTWT) with an ultrawideband transmission and high breakdown collector voltage. A novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) cutoff structure is designed to separate the slow-wave structure (SWS) and the depressed collector. The large stopband property of the EBG structure is applied to achieve not only the high

This article proposes several low-profile metasurface-based compartment shielding diaphragms for the high-speed and highly integrated circuits located in the space-limited cavities. It was demonstrated that the capacitive metasurface (CMS) and inductive metasurface (IMS) partially filled in the cross section of cavities can generate new transverse electric and magnetic resonance modes, which are orthogonal

Electromagnetic metasurfaces enable the advanced control of surface-wave propagation by spatially tailoring the local surface reactance. Interestingly, tailoring the surface resistance distribution in space provides new, largely unexplored degrees of freedom. In this article, we show that suitable spatial modulations of the surface resistance between positive (i.e., loss) and negative (i.e., gain)

We report on time–frequency analysis (TFA) of dispersion in a 1-D magneto-inductive waveguide (MIW). The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD) are used to localize the frequency content of the dispersed wave as a function of time and to estimate the group velocity in experiments using a 1-D MIW constructed with planar resonators. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements

A second-order analytic extension of eigenvalue (AEE) method is presented and investigated for efficiently computing the ${Z}$ - parameters of passive RF circuits over a wide frequency band with full-wave accuracy. The ${Z}$ - parameters of an RF circuit are first extracted based on a full-wave simulation on sampling frequencies and then decomposed into eigenmodes, whose eigenvalues are analytically

This article presents a comprehensive study of the design and performance of a multilayer dielectric rod waveguide (MDRW) with a rectangular cross section. The design is comprised of a high permittivity core encased by a low permittivity cladding. A mathematical model is proposed to predict the fundamental mode cutoff frequency in terms of the core dimensions and the core and cladding permittivity

This article proposes an optimization algorithm using the Hessian minimization method, based on the Newton iteration, to evaluate the effectiveness of the placement of multiple decoupling capacitors on a power/ground plane pair. The exact effective decoupling regions are obtained using the Newton iteration method for each decoupling capacitor. The impedance of the IC port is lower than the target impedance

A new method is presented for high-dimensional variability analysis based on two main concepts, namely, node tearing for parameter partitioning and sparse grid interpolation. Node tearing is used to localize the parameters and, thus, reducing the number of stochastic parameters within the subcircuits and sparse grids reduce the required number of samples for a targeted accuracy. MC analysis of the

This article proposes a novel inverted-E topology for the design of phase shifters and multibit phase shifters. The novel phase shifter consists of a $50~\Omega $ main transmission line (MTL) symmetrically loaded with equally spaced three open-/short-circuited stubs via P-I-N switching diodes. The stubs provide the needed susceptances to achieve a phase shift with large value range. Thanks to the design

A novel miniaturized ultrawideband reconfigurable power divider based on slotline and double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL) is presented in this article. The switch from the two-way out-of-phase power divider to the four-way in-phase power divider can be realized by using only two PIN diodes in the presented power divider, which will simplify greatly the circuit design and reduce the cost. Two working

This work presents a new artificial neural network (ANN) model formulation for RF high-power transistors which includes the S-parameters of the active device. This improves the small-signal extrapolation capability, and the OFF-state impedance approximation, making it suitable for Doherty power amplifier (DPA) design. This extrapolation capability plays a key role in the correct Doherty load modulation

Meander lines are promising slow-wave structures (SWSs) for millimeter-wave traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) due to low-cost manufacture, low-voltage operation, and high interaction impedance. However, experimental results on meander lines are rare in the literature. Phase velocity and interaction impedance are the most important parameters for the design and characterization of TWT SWSs. Their experimental

Control of the resonance frequency of microwave cavities is of great interest in many applications such as sensing and wavelength filtering. However, this task normally relies on active control via functional materials (i.e., polymers and ferrites, or a combination of both) excited by an external electric or magnetic field. In this article, instead, we propose an innovative whispering gallery mode

A Y-junction circulator based on the ridge gap waveguide (RGW) as a hosting guiding structure is designed using a developed closed-form systematic procedure. To validate the structure, an air-filled-to-dielectric-filled transition is proposed using a substrate perforation technique. The proposed RGW circulator covers the whole Ku-band with a matching bandwidth throughout the operational bandwidth below

This article reports on the RF design and practical development of RF co-designed bandpass filters/isolators (BPFIs). They are based on series-cascaded nonreciprocal resonant stages, microwave resonators, and multiresonant cells. The nonreciprocal stages are shaped by an in-parallel cascaded transistor-based path and a transmission line (TL) that result in a zero-phase resonance in the forward direction

This article presents a millimeter-wave (mmW) ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) using micromachined rectangular microcoaxial line ( $\text{R}\mu $ CL). The tightly coupled stepped-impedance stub loaded resonator (TC-SISLR) exhibiting multiple-mode resonator (MMR) property, which has nine controllable transmission poles (TPs) and two controllable transmission zeros (TZs), is proposed to achieve

In this article, we present a design method of high-selectivity filtering antennas based on a dual-probe feeding structure. The first stage of the filtering circuit consists of two or three coupled resonators which are then coupled to the radiating patch acting as the last resonator of the filter. Cross-coupling is used to obtain transmission zero, and thus the selectivity of the filtering antennas

It is shown that a well-designed lumped $LC$ loop network with a phase inverter can exhibit perfect reflectionless filtering response at its all four ports. The network is composed of two pairs of symmetrical $LC$ ladder circuits, in which one pair is obtained from lowpass transformation at a prescribed frequency based on a special lowpass prototype, and the other pair is from highpass transformation

In this article, we present a novel ultracompact plasmonic bandpass filter (BPF) based on a recently proposed concept of effective localized surface plasmons (ELSPs). By virtue of the insensitiveness of the ELSPs resonator’s dipolar mode resonance frequency to the variations of its cross-sectional area and shape, we can significantly miniaturize the occupied area of the filter. Moreover, the unloaded

A compact two-port feeding circuit that supports a dielectric resonator (DR) element is presented for applications requiring polarization diversity. The L-band structure consists of a cylindrical DR that can generate right-handed circular polarization (RHCP), left-handed circular polarization (LHCP), and linearly polarized radiation. The DR dimensions have been optimized considering a relative dielectric

In this article, a wideband quasi-circulator (QC) with the low noise figure (NF) and high 1-dB compression point ( $\text{P}_{\text {1 dB}}$ ) is proposed. The slotline-based 180° hybrid is introduced to achieve the wideband high transmitter-receiver (TX-RX) isolation. Meanwhile, the bidirectional in-phase stage and the nonreciprocal out-of-phase stage are utilized to obtain specific power-split ratios

Full-duplex (FD) antenna arrays are desirable for expanding the channel capacity of wireless systems up to 2, which is particularly important in the crowded sub-6-GHz spectral bands. Conventional FD solutions based on circulators do not scale to antenna arrays due to the presence of significant mutual coupling between antenna elements. This article describes a two-stage self-interference cancellation

To meet the increasing power demands of microwave industries and scientific innovations, a dual-way magnetron (MGT) power-combining system based on an asymmetric H-plane tee combined with closed-loop phase compensation (CLPC) was developed and tested. Only one external injection was used, which could lock both frequencies of the two MGTs via the port coupling of the asymmetric H-plane tee. Additionally

A broadband SiGe power amplifier (PA) with double gain peaks for 5G applications is presented. The differential structure is widely adopted in millimeter-wave circuit design to decrease the impact of the source parasitic inductance that is induced by the bonding wires. Since differential PA results in a higher impedance transformation ratio of the matching network, differential PAs generally have narrower

This article presents a novel methodology for designing a broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with extended output power back-off (OBO) range. A modified load modulation network (LMN) is proposed to enhance the OBO range and the bandwidth of the DPA simultaneously. Analysis is conducted to explore the relationship between the proposed LMN parameters and the broadband performance under various OBO

This article presents an analysis of the effects of amplifier process-related performance variation on the radiation patterns of a ${W}$ -band active transmit antenna array. Based on measured on-wafer $S$ -parameters for about 80 amplifier chips designed in an experimental 90-nm gallium nitride (GaN) on SiC process, a statistical analysis of the array patterns is performed. Several types of probability

A reconfigurable series/parallel quasi-balanced Doherty power amplifier (QB-DPA) is presented with a unique capability of maintaining high linearity and high efficiency against load mismatch, which is highly desirable for massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) and active array applications. Based on the new QB-DPA topology derived from an ideal balanced amplifier, it is, for the first time,

This article presents a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on asymmetric cells with a complex combining load (CCL). In this study, a new and intuitive design technique using the Smith chart is proposed for developing the load network of the CCL-DPA. The peaking amplifier consists of a larger cell size compared to that of the carrier amplifier in order to achieve higher power gain and peak output power

This article describes a low noise amplifier which is believed will have a transformative impact because of the following characteristics: 1) the noise temperature at a physical temperature of 25 °C is a factor of 4 lower than typical commercial LNAs; 2) the noise decreases to 4.5 K at a temperature of −40 °C, a temperature realizable with solid-state coolers; 3) the LNA has an integrated, extremely

This article presents the design and characterization of a real-time frequency-compensated power detector (PD), based on NMOS transistor, integrated in SiGe 55-nm BiCMOS technology from STMicroelectronics, and dedicated to on-chip power detection in the G-band frequencies. An innovative simple circuit (named attenuator) is designed in order to compensate the variation of the voltage sensitivity value

In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of port impedance effects on a signal coupled across two-port networks, derive an equation to evaluate the impedances for a specified coupling, and demonstrate two beam-shaping active array antenna prototypes to validate the theory. In this context, the generalized S-parameters are theoretically studied and verified through an example. Subsequently

This article presents a 60-GHz variable gain phase shifter (VGPS) with orthogonal phase and gain control technique and linear phase control technique in 65-nm CMOS. Using the orthogonal phase and gain control technique, the proposed VGPS has the ability of gain tuning without extra variable gain block, significantly reducing the size of conventional phased arrays. The linear phase control technique

A newly calibrated testbed based on a commercial vector network analyzer (VNA) is proposed for the fast in-band vector signal characterization and linearization of nonlinear multiport devices. The testbed can acquire both CW and wideband modulated periodic signals without breaking contact with the DUT, in up to five channels. The time-domain measurements are made possible by calibrating all the receivers

An electromagnetic coupled-cavity resonator equipped with permanent insertion holes and designed to sense continuous dielectric material streams through the resonator is presented. The resonating structure comprises a pair of pill-box-shaped cylindrical cavities mutually coupled to each other through an aperture-loaded metal sheet of finite thickness. The input and output insertion holes in the top

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Metamaterials are artificial electromagnetic (EM) media, exhibiting many exciting EM behaviors totally different from those phenomena of EMs in normal nature media. Now, metamaterials are becoming a paradigm for controlling EM wave properties according to desired purposes.

Metasurface has great capabilities in tailoring the electromagnetic (EM) waves in a controllable way owing to the carefully designed and arranged subwavelength meta-atoms. In this review paper, the digital version of metasurface, information metasurface (IM), is systematically introduced with its application in wireless communications. IM extends the research scope of metasurface from physics to the

In this article, a type of multiport power divider is proposed based on the concept of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials. An arbitrarily shaped ENZ metamaterial comprising a dielectric impurity is connected to $N$ waveguides, and the incident power can be efficiently delivered to output waveguides, with transmitted fields being exactly equal in both amplitude and phase for output branches. Hence

We report a novel type of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) analogue based on metamaterials (MMs) with hybrid structures, in which spiral and cut-wire structures serve as bright-mode resonators with the spoof electric localized surface plasmons and electric dipole resonance. With the simulations and experiments, the EIT analogue generated by the frequency detuning and hybridization between

Two mixed spectral-element methods (MSEMs) are proposed to solve Maxwell’s eigenvalue problems with Bloch (Floquet) periodic and open resonators to remove the dc spurious modes present in the traditional numerical methods. The first MSEM combines the variational form of Gauss’s law to make the electric field satisfy the divergence-free condition. This method does not need to modify the Arnoldi algorithm

The mismatch terminations are essential components in measurement setups of various active and passive microwave components. The main objective of such components is to provide a certain reflection level with a flat response over the operating bandwidth. The need for mm-wave mismatch terminations has increased due to the expansion of using mm-wave frequency ranges in future communication systems. The

This article presents the design of a microwave multisection combined Gysel–Wilkinson (MSCGW) power divider (PD) with arbitrary power division ratios, wide bandwidth (BW), and high power-handling capability (PHC). Exact design formulas for the $N$ -section PD are derived in the form of closed-form equations through even- and odd-mode analysis. In addition to the novelty of the structure itself, a straightforward

This article presents the design and fabrication of a microstrip $C$ -band microwave isolator using additive technology. Such fabrication requires multimaterial 3-D printing (dielectric and absorber) and the embedding of ferrite ceramic inside the substrate. First, our design demonstrated that an efficient microstrip load can be made by 3-D printing in a single process: not only the dielectric but

Microwave pulse compressors based on a single resonant cavity operating at polarized modes can be super compact, and corrugated structures can transmit high-power, high-frequency microwave with very low loss. We present an $X$ -band (11.424 GHz) pulse compressor using a corrugated cavity with quarter-wavelength depth corrugations working at polarized HE 1-1-14 modes. The cavity has a high-quality factor

In this article, we characterize and model two parasitic effects that become apparent in the performance of coplanar waveguide interconnects in CMOS. One is the transverse resistance introduced by a patterned ground shield in coplanar waveguide interconnects, which significantly contributes to the shunt losses. The other one is the parasitic coupling between the input and output ports through the ground

This work presents a class of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-driven radio frequency filters in the X-band. The X-band center frequencies are achieved by resorting to the third-order antisymmetric Lamb wave mode (A3) in a 650-nm-thick Z-cut lithium niobate thin film. A novel bandwidth (BW) widening technique based on using the self-inductance of the top interdigital transducers and bus lines

In this article, a new design approach for the wideband transformer with frequency-dependent complex loads is proposed, which is based on the least-square method and the generalized modified small reflection theory (MSRT) with proper electrical parameters. Compared with the wideband transformers based on other approaches such as the generalized MSRT and transmission line theory, the proposed ones feature

A novel concept of tandem coupled-line directional couplers has been proposed. The proposed couplers consist of coupled-line sections having different electrical lengths and fixed identical coupling coefficients regardless of the required nominal coupling of the entire tandem coupler. It is proved that the available coupling in coupled-line sections constituting tandem directional couplers can be used

In this article, we develop the theory of a special type of optoelectronic phase-locked loop (PLL). The output signal of this type of PLL is in the electrical domain and its reference oscillator, typically a mode-locked laser, operates in the optical domain. The PLL uses a balanced optical microwave phase detector (BOMPD). In order to model the optoelectronic PLL, the nonlinear characteristic function

A low-power differential input to single-ended output digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is presented, which is capable of providing radio frequency (RF)-signals with a data rate of up to $\mathrm {8~G}$ bit/s. A constant direct current (dc) current source is realized as a self-bootstrapping device in the presented 0.25- $\mu \text{m}$ in-house gallium nitride (GaN) technology. First, measurements with

This article presents a $W$ -band power amplifier (PA) for automotive radar applications. It was designed in a 28-nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology with a transition frequency of around 270 GHz and a standard back-end-of-line. The circuit adopts a pseudo-differential topology with coupling transformers, which allow both compact matching networks and layout-optimized interstage