AbstractThe features of a feedback loop in a quantum sensor with a two-frequency spin oscillator are discussed. Engineering solutions that ensure stable two-frequency oscillation and, in particular, the use of automatic gain control units and all-pass filters are considered. The results of experimental studies of oscillation modes conducted on a quantum sensor breadboard are presented for stationary

AbstractThe paper presents the brief history of development of a precision gyroscope with electrostatic suspension of rotor; the main problems of constructing a gyro with a hollow rotor, as well as their solutions found by the chief designer A.S. Anfinogenov are discussed.

Abstract—This study analyses the GPS velocity estimation performances of three different estimation models, namely, the time-differenced carrier phase velocity estimation (TDCPVE), Doppler observation velocity estimation (DopplerVE), and precise point positioning velocity estimation (PPPVE). Static and vehicle kinematic experiments are conducted for validation. Under simulated kinematic conditions

AbstractAccording to well-described literature concerning the work history of multipath mitigation in the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), multipath is still the most dominant factor in a challenging environment. There are unperturbed harsh circumstances where GNSS signals cannot reach and smartphone navigation is not possible. The main objective of this research is to find an accurate solution

AbstractThe paper presents brief information on the results of research and development activities undertaken in 2015–2019 and aimed at the practical implementation of e-Navigation concept. Current state of practical application of S-mode, the only global product created within the concept, is studied. Most of the new technologies developed under the main regional projects are discussed. Special focus

AbstractProbabilistic study of angular motion dynamics has been performed for CubeSat nanosatellites with passive stabilization systems, including aerodynamic, aerodynamic-gravitational, gravitational, and gravitational-aerodynamic ones. Analytical functions of the maximum angle values distribution have been obtained for a nanosatellite axes deviation from required directions (orbital velocity vector

AbstractA new algorithm for geophysical map-aided navigation is proposed. It does not require any preliminary estimation of the field measured along the vehicle trajectory and, as consequence, does not need any stochastic field model. The algorithm uses a whole set of the available geophysical field measurements. The accuracy analysis procedure applied to estimate the effectiveness of the proposed

Abstract—The Allan variance was originally meant to be a characteristic of time and frequency standards, but now it is widely used in many fields, including the development of navigation devices. The paper considers different applications of the Allan variance to various tasks, among which is estimation of characteristics of navigation devices. However, sometimes the Allan variance does not seem to

Abstract—The limitations of Kalman filter (KF) have motivated researchers to consider alternative methods of integrating inertial navigation systems (INS) and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), predominantly based on artificial intelligence (AI). Over the past two decades, a great number of research gained in order to validate the possibility of using AI methods in the field of integrated

AbstractThe paper presents the gravimeters for measuring the gravity from moving platforms, and the stages of their development at the Concern “Central Scientific Research Institute “Elektropribor” (hereinafter CSRI Elektropribor). Engineering solutions are described, due to which high accuracy of measurements has been achieved. The authors discuss popular applications of mobile gravimeters.

AbstractThe paper deals with the possibility of direction finding and determining the coordinates of a source of acoustic signal emitted by a surface or underwater vehicle in the subsonic frequency range. For this purpose combined hydroacoustic receivers are used. During the first experiment, the estimates of the systematic component of direction finding error were obtained when the source emitted

AbstractThe results of a comparative analysis of methods for positioning and timing support of remote users based on GNSS measurements from a GLONASS receiver and observational data on quasar radiation from compact very long base radio interferometric (VLBI) systems are discussed. Using radio telescope measurements increases the stability of positioning-and-timing and navigation support of users owing

AbstractThe paper discusses the specific features of tuning and calibration of a Coriolis vibratory gyroscope (CVG) with a metal resonator for the angular rate sensor (ARS) mode. Since the output signal contains the Coriolis and quadrature components, the compensating signal in the feedback loop is formed on the basis of two-stage correction algorithm. The results of the CVG-ARS testing using an electronic

Abstract—Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software-defined radio (SDR) is a programmable software receiver, primarily used to receive satellite data and provide user position. It is flexible and cost-effective compared to conventional satellite receivers. In GNSS SDR, recording the live raw data in real-time is a challenging task as large data are sent by the satellites at a very high speed

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a complex system. Its design involves control, aerodynamics, and communication systems. We use the complex linear relationships among UAV attributes (sensor readings, and commands) to propose a new technique to detect contextual faults. The contextual faults mean that a defective sensor shows invalid values concerning the context of other attributes. The proposed

AbstractThe paper addresses the dynamics of on-board gravity gradiometers for measuring the second derivatives of the geopotential. Mathematical models of accelerometer and dumbbell versions of the devices are developed, and their instrumental errors are analyzed.

AbstractThe paper considers the techniques developed for calibration of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) containing three angular rate sensors (ARS). Calibration is performed on a two-axis calibration turntable with a thermal chamber. For instrumental errors of ARS measurements, a priori parametric model is introduced, which includes biases, scale factor errors, small angles of nonorthogonality of

AbstractTheoretical characteristics of codeless GPS-signal acquisition in the L1 band are described and analyzed. The results obtained allow for a reliable choice of a coherent integration interval, calculation of signal detection thresholds, and estimation of signal detection probability. The operability and feasibility of the technique for codeless signal acquisition by frequency has been experimentally

Abstract—In this paper, the problem of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) approach to a target which is selected in a reference image is addressed. A robust matching algorithm is proposed to reliably project the selected point in the reference image into the live images of a quadrotor helicopter. Projective transformations are applied to the reference image to extract additional keypoints

AbstractThe paper presents a comparative analysis of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the sigma-point Kalman filter (SPKF) applied to solve the problem of SINS/GNSS integration based on a loosely-coupled integration scheme. Complete stochastic measurement models of MEMS inertial sensors are considered. The efficiency of the EKF and the SPKF is evaluated using real experimental data on complex motion

AbstractThe paper describes the experience of constructing an integrated SINS/GNSS navigation system for supporting a side-looking synthetic aperture radar, located aboard a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Key features and factors that should be taken into account when developing a navigation system operated under severe conditions are studied. Flight test results are presented, including

AbstractThe main features of the design and circuitry of an ESG-based sensor for measuring three angles of a moving object rotation are discussed. The physical basis of the proposed engineering solution is generation of rotational and single- or two-component translational motion of an electrostatically suspended rotor with the use of a torquer and force transducer. The theoretical justification, algorithms

AbstractA new algorithm and a method of coordinate referencing of an unmanned autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to underwater objects using stereo images are proposed for automated inspection of bottom industrial infrastructure facilities. Computational experiments have been carried out using a modeling simulator based on a hybrid multiprocessor computing architecture. The proposed solutions have

AbstractThe Earth-centered, Earth-fixed (ECEF) frame does not have any specific points in the near-Earth space; therefore, it can be used as the basic one for navigation in the polar regions. The paper considers a new algorithm for calculation of ECEF coordinates. The proposed algorithm is complementary to the basic strapdown INS algorithm, which functions in its normal mode from aircraft takeoff to

AbstractThe paper considers modification of a reaction wheel current control loop based on a fuzzy controller trained by a genetic algorithm. The control logic maintains the motor current which can be represented as a sum of two components, one of which is proportional to the input signal, and the other one corresponds to the error of control moment implementation. It is shown that the system with

AbstractThe technique for calibration of sensors in a strapdown inertial measurement unit on a relatively coarse (1°–2°) turntable are discussed. The proposed technique is based both on direct and indirect methods. Calibration errors are estimated analytically and, also, by means of mathematical simulation. For direct methods, the choice of program orientations is substantiated; the vector method is

AbstractThe results of study of a fiber-optic gyroscope prototype with 0.01–0.001deg/h drift are presented. The gyroscope comprises three feedback loops: one for Sagnac phase difference compensation, the second one for the scale factor stabilization, and the third (fast-response) one for the compensation of constant component of optical signal on the photodetector, affecting the measurement channel

Abstract—Vision-based navigation has been of interest in aviation for decades. Driven by the demand for optical verification of take-off and landing procedures during all-weather operation many developments have been raised following changes in technology of sensor and processing hardware and aviation requirements. This paper summarizes the developments from the 60s until today and exemplarily discusses

Abstract—Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLGs) are widely used in many airborne and navigation systems for accurate measurement of the true rotation of the body movement. But the RLG’s suffer a serious problem at low frequencies known as Lock–in frequency. To avoid lock-in problem, the RLG is vibrated mechanically to a high frequency which is known as Dithering. In order to get the true rotation of the body

AbstractThe paper considers the methods of high-precision navigation of space geodetic systems. A technology of determining the orbit parameters by kinematic and dynamic methods using GLONASS signals is proposed. It is for the first time that experimental estimates of position errors have been obtained in a study case of Geo-IK-2 spacecraft, with the measurement residuals of the global quantum-optical

AbstractThe study makes an approach to the problem of circumlunar spacecraft navigation using the measurements from the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) GLONASS, GPS, Galileo and BeiDou. Algorithms have been developed for determining the orbits of low- and high-orbit circumlunar spacecraft, based on the method of dynamic filtering of pseudo-range measurements from “reverse” navigation satellites

AbstractThe paper addresses the practical implementation of a calibration algorithm for a magnetometer integrated in an electronic device, using synchronous measurements of a gyroscope. Recurrent expressions have been derived for accumulating the intermediate matrices, due to which there is no need for accumulating the full set of primary measurements of vector counters. An algorithm has been formulated

AbstractAccurate time synchronization of the nodes of digital underwater acoustic (UWA) networks is necessary for the effective use of information obtained from various kinds of underwater sensors over a vast water area. The sensors of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are widely used to address new challenges. One of them is time synchronization of sensors on mobile carriers, as well as synchronization

AbstractThe paper discusses the method that was proposed earlier to provide nonperturbation of dead reckoning (DR) owing to a single-channel inertial vertical, constructed with the use of a triad of accelerometers and a single free gyroscope, as well as compensation for the effect of inertial accelerations directly in computed DR using the data from an external speed meter (a log). The DR method errors

Abstract—We propose a method to estimate the distance to objects based on the complementary nature of monocular image sequences and camera kinematic parameters. The fusion of camera measurements with the kinematics parameters that are measured by an IMU and an odometer is performed using an extended Kalman filter. Results of field experiments with a wheeled robot corroborated the results of the simulation

AbstractThe paper discusses the structure, algorithms and testing results for a hybrid precision strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) which is resistant to fast extreme impacts. Impact resistance of the precision SINS is provided by incorporating an auxiliary strapdown inertial attitude control system (SIACS) based on rough sensors that can endure fast extreme shocks without losing the attitude

Abstract—This paper presents a Novel Adaptive Fuzzy Extended Kalman Filter namely (NAFEKF) which has been developed and applied for attitude estimation using only the outputs of strap-down IMU (Gyroscopes and Accelerometers) and strap-down magnetometer. The NAFEKF, which is based on EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) aided by FIS (Fuzzy Inference System), is validated in Matlab environment on simulated trip

Abstract—Refinement of the electrostatic gyroscope (ESG) drift model aboard an orbital maneuverable satellite for remote sensing of the Earth’s surface is considered. Some changes of the drift model also hold for the ESG ground-based applications. The paper also analyzes the quasi-continuous correction mode of the ESG-based strapdown inertial attitude reference system (SIARS) using raw (unsmoothed)

Abstract—The paper presents the results of development of an angle measurement system for measuring the angles between the normals to the mirrors setting the directions in space. The system operates in a dynamical mode with a continuously rotating platform on which an autocollimating null indicator is installed. The angles are measured by means of a holographic angle encoder installed on the rotor

AbstractThe paper addresses the main problems related to the development of underwater communication networks which differ from the traditional underwater acoustic communication in simultaneous data exchange of a large number of spatially separated nodes, as well as their high-precision positioning. While the problems of traditional acoustic communication are generally associated with the complexity

AbstractSoftware- and hardware-based methods of compensation for dynamic errors of the marine gravimeters caused by inertial accelerations are considered. The error due to the fluid damping of the gravimeter sensing element is analyzed and taken into account for the first time. Some results of gravity measurements that confirm the increase in gravimeter accuracy are presented.

Position, velocity, and timing (PVT) signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS) are used throughout the world but the availability and reliability of these signals in all environments has become a subject of concern for both civilian and military applications. This presentation summarizes recent advances in navigation sensor technology, including GPS, inertial, and other navigation aids that

The paper considers a problem of calibration of a three-axis magnetometer integrated in a complex electronic device. Known methods of calibration based on the ellipsoid approximation of the geometric locus of magnetometer measurements provide only partial calibration and determine only the symmetrical part of the magnetic permeability matrix. The orthogonal part of the matrix remains undetermined.

Search and survey missions of an autonomous underwater robot are usually associated with motion along equidistant trajectories near the bottom. The most difficult problem here is to control motion in a vertical plane in presence of obstacles in the bottom relief along the motion route. When the obstacles are detected using a multi-channel front-viewing echolocation system, equidistant motion of the

This paper presents a modified adaptive analytical algorithm for attitude and heading estimation. The analytical algorithm is based on the fusion of IMU, magnetometers and the velocity data from GPS. The kinematic Euler angles are first calculated based on the output of the rate gyros, then the calculated angle errors are compensated using the output of each of the accelerometers, magnetometers, and

The paper addresses the problem of initial alignment and periodical estimation of gyro drifts and accelerometer errors in a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) on fiber-optic gyros (FOG) of navigation grade onboard a marine vehicle, using satellite phase measurements from multi-antenna equipment. The problem is solved through constructing a tightly-coupled INS/GNSS system which comprises an

The paper considers the synthesis of the calibration programs for an accelerometer unit of strapdown inertial navigation systems (INS) and estimation of the accuracy characteristics they provide. The study is carried out in the framework of an invariant approach. The synthesis criteria and additional requirements that the calibration programs must meet are formulated. A comparative analysis of accuracy

A concept of a global lunar navigation satellite system (GLNSS) based on the existing navigation infrastructure of the GLONASS is proposed. It is supposed to be implemented through the creation of a constellation of navigation satellites in the Earth orbit to serve the needs of both lunar spacecraft and objects on the lunar surface. Two variants for the deployment of the orbital constellation are considered

A methodology has been developed to construct SBAS ionospheric grid based on the data from ionosphere radio occultation monitoring systems such as COSMIC. This methodology facilitates calculation of vertical delay of GNSS signals on frequency L1 for any geographical location. The corrections are used by a single-frequency receiver for improving the accuracy of position estimation in solving the navigation

The influence of mobility of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) installed on shock absorbers on the accuracy of gyroscope calibration in strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS) is discussed and the problem of its estimation considered. Based on the data obtained in calibration experiments, the IMU angular deviations are estimated using the algebraic form of the least squares method. A mathematical

A modified method for S-approximations of anomalous potential fields is described; its advantages are discussed. Software has been developed to calculate deflections of the vertical (DOV) and geoid heights using the proposed technique. The results of DOV calculations for two regions of the Atlantic Ocean are given.

The paper is dedicated to the history of Russia’s first integrated navigation systems (INS) Briz-N and Biryuza-NK developed for the vessels of the USSR Ministry of the Maritime Fleet (MMF). Composition of these systems, as well as the list of the main tasks and testing results are presented in the paper.

Modular, flexible and competitive, Ariane 6 is intended to offer the best space launch solution, by 2020, to commercial and institutional customers. Therefore it can’t anymore rely on legacy inertial reference. Advanced solutions were requested through an open tender conducted by ArianeGroup under European Space Agency (ESA) supervision. SpaceNaute®, the Safran solution based of HRG technology, was

A new continuous-time particle filter algorithm is proposed for solving the problems of nonlinear estimation of signal when describing the mathematical models of an observed object and a measuring system by means of stochastic differential equations. This algorithm can be used in the estimation problems related to navigation data processing. The algorithm verification is presented by example of a navigation

Kalman filter is widely taken as an optimal fusion algorithm in GNSS/INS integration, and GNSS positioning error is often simply modeled as white noise in a loosely-coupled system. But many research results have shown that GNSS positioning error has the characteristic of temporal correlation. Correct error model of Kalman filter can ensure that the level of estimated accuracy is equal to that of actual

The paper presents a multiloop system for noncoherent tracking of the radionavigation parameters of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals in autonomous satellite navigation system. Comparative analysis of accuracies of traditional tracking system with discriminators and filter in the tracking loop and the proposed system without discriminators is conducted. RMS errors of estimates, pull-in

Integration of a multiantenna GNSS receiver and inertial sensors (gyroscopes) is proposed to determine attitude parameters using GNSS phase measurements, containing integer ambiguity, and measurements of the absolute rotation rate of a moving vehicle. The potential accuracy of the proposed technology is estimated based on the simulation and full-scale tests. The implementation of the proposed approach

The paper addresses the history of marine gyrocompasses development in the USSR and Russia. It is noted that despite the development and implementation of attitude and heading reference systems (AHRS), strapdown inertial navigation systems, and satellite compasses (SNS-compasses), the classical gyrocompass of both pendulum and adjustable types is and will be still in demand due to its simple operation

The motion of aerodynamically stabilized nanosatellites of the CubeSat design is studied. The features of the nanosatellites behavior in low orbits are conditioned both by the atmospheric effects and their own mass and inertial characteristics: the lifetime of nanosatellites is shorter, while the angular acceleration generated by the aerodynamic moment is much higher as compared with big satellites

The paper addresses the problem of verification of a micronavigation system appropriateness for determining the parameters of antenna phase center (APC) motion in order to synthesize its aperture onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A method is proposed for the analysis of the accuracy of APC positioning in real flight conditions. Trajectory signal from a monochromatic stationary source of radio-frequency